Wireless sensor network communication method based on reverse link scheduling communication protocol

Abstract

The invention provides a wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol, which realizes rapid and reliable access of sensor nodes through links such as self-inspection, dynamic address allocation and parameter negotiation. Meanwhile, the central controller performs self-adaptive configuration and optimization on communication parameters of the sensor nodes according to the requirements of the sensor nodes and the network state. By introducing a dynamic scheduling method based on a real-time network state, the transmission of important data can be preferentially scheduled according to the emergency degree of the data, the energy condition of the node and the communication quality of the node; by introducing an adaptive network congestion management technology, a data transmission strategy is dynamically adjusted, the adaptive capability of the network is enhanced, and high efficiency and stability of communication can be maintained under various environmental conditions. According to the invention, the data transmission efficiency and reliability of the wireless sensor network are improved, and the overall energy management and performance of the network are obviously optimized through an intelligent adjustment strategy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless sensor network communication, and in particular to a wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol. Background Art

[0002] A wireless sensor network is a complex distributed network system consisting of multiple dispersed sensor nodes that sense environmental information and transmit it wirelessly to a central control unit. Each sensor node can not only collect data, but also perform preliminary data processing and decision support. In this network architecture, real-time and reliable data transmission is essential to ensure the overall performance and effectiveness of the system. Although existing communication protocols provide a foundation for the development of wireless sensor networks, in practical applications, it is still a challenge to effectively manage network resources, reduce energy consumption, and increase data processing speed while ensuring transmission reliability.

[0003] Traditional wireless sensor network communication protocols often face many limitations due to the lack of flexible data transmission mechanisms and efficient energy management strategies. For example, fixed data transmission strategies are difficult to cope with network congestion, and non-optimized power control may cause nodes to consume energy too quickly, reducing the life cycle of the network. In addition, traditional protocols often fail to fully consider the impact of environmental factors on network performance, which is particularly important in critical applications such as environmental monitoring or disaster response. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol to address the above technical issues.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The present invention provides a wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol, the method comprising: Each sensor node in the wireless sensor network is powered on and started, obtains an IP address, and performs network registration, including: the sensor node constructs a registration packet and sends it to the central controller; after the central controller receives the registration packet of the sensor node, it creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system, and constructs a confirmation packet containing communication parameters and an initial window size and returns it to the sensor node. After receiving the confirmation packet, the sensor node initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the confirmation packet to complete the registration; During the data transmission stage, the sensor nodes send data packets to the central controller according to the scheduling instructions of the central controller within the specified time window, according to the set priority and frequency. After receiving the data packets, the central controller updates the status of the corresponding sensor nodes in the node management system and processes the collected data; the central controller dynamically adjusts the transmission strategy according to the real-time network load and QoS parameters, and feeds back to each sensor node through scheduling update packets; if the central controller or sensor node detects data packet loss, error or delay exceeding the preset threshold during data transmission, the retransmission mechanism is triggered; after the central controller successfully processes all data packets in a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data, and makes further parameter adjustments based on network performance feedback.

[0006] Furthermore, when the sensor node of the present invention is powered on and started, it first performs a self-test, including checking whether the functions of its sensor, memory, processor and wireless communication module are normal; after completing the self-test, the sensor node automatically activates its wireless network interface, searches for available wireless networks, and requests an IP address to be allocated through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol to obtain an IP address, including: the sensor node sends a DHCP discovery packet to a network DHCP server, the network DHCP server responds with a DHCP offer packet, the sensor node sends a DHCP request packet, the network DHCP server sends a DHCP confirmation packet to confirm the IP address allocation, and the sensor node obtains the IP address.

[0007] Furthermore, the registration package constructed when the sensor node of the present invention performs network registration includes the unique identifier of the sensor node, hardware and software version information, and current status such as battery power and signal strength, wherein the unique identifier includes the MAC address and device serial number; the registration package also includes the configuration requirements of the sensor node, and the configuration requirements include data transmission frequency, data type, and expected service quality parameters.

[0008] Furthermore, the sensor node described in the present invention sends a registration package to the central controller through a secure communication channel. After receiving the registration package of the sensor node, the central controller first verifies the integrity of the registration package and the legitimacy of the sending source. After confirming that it is correct, it creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system. The record entry includes all initial information and operating parameters of the sensor node, as well as a status field to track the activity status and communication history of the sensor node.

[0009] Furthermore, in the present invention: based on the configuration requirements of the sensor nodes and the current network status, the central controller calculates and determines the communication parameters suitable for the sensor nodes, the communication parameters including the allocated data communication window size, data priority and retransmission strategy; the central controller constructs a confirmation packet, the confirmation packet contains the communication parameters of the above-mentioned sensor nodes and various configuration information including time synchronization information; the central controller sends the confirmation packet back to the corresponding sensor node through a secure communication channel, and after the sensor node receives the confirmation packet, it initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the confirmation packet, including data cache management, priority scheduling and transmission time window control, to complete the registration process.

[0010] Furthermore, after receiving the data packet, the central controller of the present invention updates the status of the corresponding sensor node in the node management system, including: updating the transmission statistical information of the corresponding sensor node in the status management table, including the amount of data sent, packet loss rate, and average delay; then the central controller stores the data packet in the cache queue and schedules it according to the priority and delay requirements.

[0011] Furthermore, after the central controller of the present invention successfully processes all data packets of a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data, and makes further parameter adjustments based on network performance feedback, including: after the central controller successfully processes all data packets of a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to notify the sensor node that the data cache in the corresponding data window can be released to save storage space; at the same time, the central controller calculates the parameters of the next data window based on the latest network status and sensor node transmission statistics, and sends the updated parameters to the corresponding sensor node through the window confirmation packet; after receiving the window confirmation packet, the sensor node first releases the data cache of the confirmed data window, and then adjusts its own data transmission strategy based on the updated parameters in the data confirmation packet, including updating the data window size, priority threshold, and retransmission timeout; in this way, a closed-loop dynamic adjustment process is formed between the sensor node and the central controller to continuously optimize the data transmission performance.

[0012] Furthermore, in the present invention, during the operation of the sensor nodes, the central controller periodically sends health detection packets to the running sensor nodes to check the working status and resource usage of the sensor nodes; after receiving the health detection packet, the sensor node replies with a health status packet to report its own key parameters, which include battery power, storage space, and processing load; the central controller dynamically adjusts the resource allocation strategy for the sensor nodes according to the health status packets corresponding to the sensor nodes, including reducing the data window and lowering the sampling frequency to extend the life cycle of the sensor nodes.

[0013] Furthermore, when the central controller or sensor node of the present invention detects that data packet loss, error or delay exceeds a preset threshold, a retransmission mechanism is triggered, which specifically includes: The central controller sends a retransmission request to the corresponding sensor node, specifying the number of the data packet that needs to be retransmitted; After receiving the retransmission request, the sensor node will first retrieve the data packet with the specified number from the local cache and resend it; at the same time, the sensor node will pause the current sending window and wait for the retransmission confirmation from the central controller; When the central controller receives the retransmitted data packet and confirms that it is correct, it sends a retransmission confirmation to the sensor node, notifying the corresponding sensor node to restore the normal data transmission window and scheduling mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, in the present invention, when the resource usage of the sensor node deteriorates to a certain extent, including when the power or storage space is lower than the warning threshold, the sensor node actively sends a resource warning package to the central controller; After receiving the resource warning package from the sensor node, the central controller suspends allocating new data transmission tasks to the corresponding sensor node and starts the resource scheduling algorithm, trying to recycle some idle resources from other sensor nodes or reduce the burden of the corresponding sensor node by changing the data transmission path; at the same time, the central controller sends a scheduling adjustment package to the corresponding sensor node, instructing the corresponding sensor node to reduce the working intensity to maximize the available time of the sensor node.

[0015] The above wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol effectively responds to dynamic changes and potential congestion in the wireless sensor network by dynamically adjusting the data transmission strategy. In the wireless sensor network communication method without reverse link scheduling communication protocol proposed by the present invention, a dynamic scheduling method based on real-time network status is introduced, which can prioritize the transmission of important data according to the urgency of the data, the energy status of the node and its communication quality; secondly, intelligent power control is implemented to adjust the transmission power according to the distance between the sensor node and the central controller and the current network congestion status, so as to reduce energy consumption and extend the working life of the sensor node; finally, by introducing adaptive network congestion management technology, the network's adaptive ability is enhanced to ensure that high efficiency and stability of communication can be maintained under various environmental conditions.

[0016] Therefore, the wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol proposed in the present invention not only improves the data transmission efficiency and reliability of the wireless sensor network, but also significantly optimizes the overall energy management and performance of the network through intelligent adjustment strategies, providing solid technical support for the widespread application of wireless sensor networks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention discloses a method for improving communication efficiency and network reliability by using an optimized Backward Link Scheduling (BLS) communication protocol in a wireless sensor network (WSN). The method covers the data transmission process from a sensor node (SN) to a central controller (CC) and improves the performance of the entire network through sophisticated network scheduling and resource management.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, a wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol is provided, comprising: Each sensor node in the wireless sensor network is powered on, obtains an IP address, and registers with the network, including: the sensor node constructs a registration packet and sends it to the central controller; after the central controller receives the registration packet (RP) of the sensor node, it creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system (NMS), and constructs an acknowledgement packet (AP) containing communication parameters and an initial window size and returns it to the sensor node. After receiving the acknowledgement packet, the sensor node initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the acknowledgement packet to complete the registration; In the data transmission phase, the sensor nodes send data packets (DP) within the specified time window according to the scheduling instructions of the central controller, with the established priority and frequency. After receiving the data packet, the central controller updates the status of the corresponding sensor node in the node management system (NMS) and processes the collected data.

[0020] To cope with congestion and changes in the network, the central controller dynamically adjusts the transmission strategy according to the real-time network load and QoS parameters, and feeds back to each sensor node through the scheduling update package (SUP); If the central controller or sensor node detects data packet loss, error or delay exceeding the preset threshold during data transmission, the retransmission mechanism will be triggered; after the central controller successfully processes all data packets in a data window, the central controller sends a window acknowledgment packet (WAP) to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data, and makes further parameter adjustments based on network performance feedback.

[0021] The present invention aims at optimizing the initialization and network access process of sensor nodes SN in wireless sensor networks, including self-checking, dynamic allocation of IP addresses, interaction between registration packets (RP) and confirmation packets (AP), and a method for adaptively configuring communication parameters of sensor nodes by a central controller.

[0022] In one of the embodiments, specifically, when the sensor node is powered on, it first performs a self-test, including checking whether the functions of its sensor, memory, processor and wireless communication module are normal; after completing the self-test, the sensor node automatically activates its wireless network interface, searches for available wireless networks, and requests an IP address to be allocated through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol to obtain an IP address, including: the sensor node sends a DHCP discovery packet to the network DHCP server, the network DHCP server responds with a DHCP offer packet, the sensor node sends a DHCP request packet, the network DHCP server sends a DHCP confirmation packet to confirm the IP address allocation, and the sensor node obtains the IP address.

[0023] In one of the embodiments, the sensor node registers with the network and constructs a registration package, wherein the registration package includes the unique identifier of the sensor node, the node location, hardware and software version information, and the current status such as battery power and signal strength, wherein the unique identifier includes the MAC address and the device serial number; the registration package also includes the configuration requirements of the sensor node, and the configuration requirements include the data transmission frequency, data type, and expected service quality parameters.

[0024] In one embodiment, the sensor node sends a registration package to the central controller through a secure communication channel (such as a link encrypted by SSL / TLS). After receiving the registration package from the sensor node, the central controller first verifies the integrity of the registration package and the legitimacy of the sending source, and then creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system (NMS) after confirmation. The record entry includes all initial information and operating parameters of the sensor node, as well as a status field to track the activity status and communication history of the sensor node.

[0025] In one embodiment, a global sensor node state management table is created in the node management system of the central controller to record the data transmission state and resource usage of each sensor node. When the central controller receives a registration packet sent by a sensor node, a record entry is created in the state management table for the corresponding sensor node, and the record information includes the sensor node ID, hardware parameters, data type, and service quality requirement information.

[0026] Based on the configuration requirements of the sensor nodes and the current network status, the central controller calculates and determines the communication parameters suitable for the sensor nodes, including the allocated data communication window size, data priority and retransmission strategy. The central controller constructs a confirmation packet, which contains the communication parameters of the above sensor nodes and various configuration information including time synchronization information. The central controller sends the confirmation packet back to the corresponding sensor node through a secure communication channel (such as a link encrypted by SSL / TLS) to complete the registration process.

[0027] The initialization and network access process of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks is optimized, and mechanisms such as self-checking, dynamic allocation of IP addresses, and interaction between registration packets (RP) and confirmation packets (AP) are introduced to achieve fast and reliable access of sensor nodes. At the same time, the central controller adaptively configures its communication parameters according to the needs of sensor nodes and network status to ensure efficient operation of the network. The above registration process not only provides the necessary technical guarantee for the successful access and operation of sensor nodes, but also ensures that the configuration of the entire network accurately adapts to the functional requirements and environmental conditions of each sensor node, thereby optimizing the use of network resources and enhancing the performance and reliability of the entire wireless sensor network.

[0028] In one embodiment, the method further includes: after the sensor node completes network registration, the central controller estimates the distance between the sensor node and the central controller according to the node position of the sensor node in the registration packet. d At the same time, the central controller continuously monitors the congestion status of the network and defines a congestion metric r (such as average packet delay, packet loss rate, etc.). The central controller d and congestion metrics r , through a predefined power control function P ( d , r ) to calculate the optimal transmit power of the sensor node P opt The power control function P ( d , r ) using a two-dimensional lookup table and an analytical function:

[0029] in, P min The minimum transmission power ensures the communication distance of sensor nodes without interference; α and β The distance factor and congestion factor control their influence on the transmission power respectively, which can be adjusted according to the actual network environment and application requirements. The central controller calculates the optimal power value P opt The control packet is sent to the sensor node. After receiving it, the sensor node adjusts its own transmission power to P opt , and uses this transmit power every time it sends a packet.

[0030] In addition, the central controller will periodically (every T pcseconds) to recalculate the optimal power value and update it to the sensor node. Update cycle T pc The update frequency can be set according to the speed of network dynamic changes, which is proportional to the timeliness and control overhead of the transmission power control. The sensor node can also adaptively adjust the transmission power according to the actual transmission situation. For example, if the continuous N fail If the data packet fails to be sent, the sensor node will increase the transmission power by one step. P step If continuous N succ If the transmission is successful, the sensor node will reduce the transmission power by one step. P step Here N fail , N succ and P step All are predefined empirical values. By combining the power control of the central controller with the adaptive fine-tuning of the sensor nodes, intelligent power control of the sensor network can be achieved: on the one hand, the central controller sets the basic working power according to the global information (node ​​distance and network congestion status); on the other hand, the sensor nodes make adaptive adjustments based on their own local observation information. This multi-level, coordinated power control mechanism not only meets communication needs, but also minimizes energy consumption and prolongs the network life cycle.

[0031] In order to evaluate the effect of intelligent power control, the energy efficiency ratio can be defined as a performance indicator:

[0032] in, D total is the total amount of data transmitted during the life cycle of the wireless sensor network, E total It is the total energy consumed by all sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network during this period. or The larger the value, the more data is transmitted per unit energy, and the higher the energy efficiency of power control. The above further refines and supplements the description of intelligent power control in the present invention, and improves the integrity and professionalism of the optimization mechanism by introducing specific designs such as power control function, periodic update mechanism, node adaptive fine-tuning, etc. At the same time, the newly added performance evaluation index provides a basis for quantifying the effect of intelligent power control.

[0033] Furthermore, the present invention is based on a WSN data transmission optimization strategy of dynamic scheduling and feedback, including real-time adjustment of the transmission window, priority, retransmission strategy and other parameters of the sensor node by the central controller, and a closed-loop control mechanism implemented by a scheduling update package (SUP).

[0034] In one embodiment, after receiving the data packet, the central controller updates the state of the corresponding sensor node in the node management system, including: updating the transmission statistics of the corresponding sensor node in the state management table, including the amount of data sent, the packet loss rate, and the average delay. Then, the central controller stores the data packet (DP) in the cache queue and schedules it according to the priority and delay requirements.

[0035] In one embodiment, after the central controller successfully processes all data packets of a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet (WAP) to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data, and makes further parameter adjustments based on the network performance feedback, including: after the central controller successfully processes all data packets of a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to notify the sensor node that the data cache in the corresponding data window can be released to save storage space; at the same time, the central controller calculates the parameters of the next data window according to the latest network status and sensor node transmission statistics, and sends the updated parameters to the corresponding sensor node through the window confirmation packet. After receiving the window confirmation packet, the sensor node first releases the data cache of the confirmed data window, and then adjusts its own data transmission strategy according to the updated parameters in the data confirmation packet, including updating the data window size, priority threshold, and retransmission timeout. In this way, a closed-loop dynamic adjustment process is formed between the sensor node and the central controller to continuously optimize the data transmission performance.

[0036] The present invention adopts a data transmission optimization strategy based on dynamic scheduling and feedback. The central controller adjusts the transmission window, priority, retransmission strategy, etc. of each sensor node in real time according to the network load and performance parameters, and forms a closed-loop control with the sensor nodes through scheduling update packages, so that the wireless sensor network always maintains the optimal working state.

[0037] In one of the embodiments, during the operation of the sensor node, the central controller periodically sends a health detection packet (HDP) to the running sensor node to check the working status and resource usage of the sensor node. After receiving the health detection packet (HDP), the sensor node replies with a health status packet (HSP) to report its own key parameters such as battery power, storage space, and processing load. The central controller dynamically adjusts the resource allocation strategy for the sensor node according to the health status packet (HSP) corresponding to the sensor node, such as reducing the data window, reducing the sampling frequency, etc., to extend the life cycle of the sensor node.

[0038] In one of the embodiments, when the central controller or sensor node detects data packet loss, error or delay exceeding a preset threshold, the retransmission mechanism is triggered. Specifically, the central controller sends a retransmission request (RR) to the corresponding sensor node, specifying the number of the data packet to be retransmitted. After receiving the retransmission request (RR), the sensor node preferentially retrieves the data packet with the specified number from the local cache and retransmits it. At the same time, the sensor node pauses the current sending window and waits for the retransmission confirmation (RAP) from the central controller. When the central controller receives the retransmitted data packet and confirms that it is correct, it sends a retransmission confirmation (RAP) to the sensor node to notify the corresponding sensor node to restore the normal data transmission window and scheduling mechanism. In this way, through timely retransmission feedback and scheduling suspension, the optimized reverse link scheduling (BLS) communication protocol can effectively control the retransmission process, reduce the impact of retransmission on normal data transmission, and improve the efficiency of network resource utilization.

[0039] Through the above-mentioned efficient data retransmission control mechanism, through the protocol interaction between the central controller and the sensor nodes, the lost data can be retransmitted quickly and reliably, while minimizing the impact of retransmission on normal transmission, significantly improving the transmission efficiency and real-time performance of the network.

[0040] Furthermore, the present invention introduces a node resource monitoring and early warning mechanism for wireless sensor networks. The central controller grasps the working status and resource usage of each sensor node in real time and dynamically optimizes resource allocation. When the sensor node resources are insufficient, the mechanism can trigger an early warning in time and take countermeasures to improve the robustness and sustainability of the entire wireless sensor network. In one embodiment, when the resource usage of the sensor node deteriorates to a certain extent, such as when the power or storage space is lower than the early warning threshold, the sensor node actively sends a resource early warning package (RWP) to the central controller. After receiving the resource early warning package (RWP) from the sensor node, the central controller suspends the allocation of new data transmission tasks to the corresponding sensor node, and starts the resource scheduling algorithm to try to recover some idle resources from other sensor nodes, or reduce the burden of the corresponding sensor node by changing the data transmission path. At the same time, the central controller sends a scheduling adjustment package (SAP) to the corresponding sensor node, instructing it to further reduce the work intensity to extend the available time of the sensor node as much as possible. This active early warning and scheduling adjustment mechanism can help the BLS communication protocol take emergency measures when the sensor node resources are in urgent need, so as to avoid premature failure of the sensor node and affect the work of the entire WSN.

[0041] The present invention can improve the communication efficiency and reliability of wireless sensor networks by finely managing and dynamically optimizing the data transmission process from sensor nodes to a central controller in the wireless sensor network, thereby minimizing energy consumption and delay while ensuring data transmission reliability and extending the network life cycle.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has higher communication efficiency and reliability: by introducing refined scheduling and optimization mechanisms in each link of data transmission, such as dynamically adjusting the transmission window, priority, retransmission strategy, etc., it can maximize the use of network resources and reduce the delay and packet loss rate of data transmission. The prior art usually adopts static or preset scheduling strategies, which are difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes of wireless sensor networks, resulting in insufficient communication efficiency and reliability.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has more flexible network access and configuration: the present invention provides a set of optimized initialization and access mechanisms for sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, and realizes fast and reliable access of sensor nodes through self-checking, dynamic address allocation, parameter negotiation and other links. At the same time, the central controller can also adaptively configure and optimize its communication parameters according to the needs of sensor nodes and network status. In contrast, the prior art usually lacks flexibility in network access and configuration, and it is difficult to adapt to the diverse needs of sensor nodes and the dynamic changes of network conditions.

[0044] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has a more intelligent data transmission optimization: the present invention adopts a data transmission optimization strategy based on dynamic feedback, and the central controller and the sensor nodes continuously interact through scheduling update packages, etc., to form a real-time closed-loop control, so that the network can adaptively adjust the transmission strategy according to the current state. The existing technology usually lacks dynamic feedback and optimization mechanisms, making it difficult to intelligently optimize data transmission during operation.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has a more efficient retransmission control mechanism: the present invention designs a set of efficient data retransmission control mechanisms, which accurately identifies lost data and performs targeted retransmissions through protocol interaction between the central controller and the sensor nodes, while minimizing the interference of retransmissions on normal transmissions. The prior art usually adopts a simple timeout retransmission or redundant retransmission strategy in retransmission control, which is inefficient and easily introduces additional overhead.

[0046] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has more comprehensive resource monitoring and early warning: the present invention introduces a node resource monitoring and early warning mechanism for wireless sensor networks. The central controller grasps the working status and resource usage of each sensor node in real time, and dynamically optimizes the resource allocation strategy accordingly. When the node resources are insufficient, it can also issue early warnings and take countermeasures in time. However, the existing technology usually lacks the ability to comprehensively monitor and dynamically manage the node resources of wireless sensor networks, making it difficult to achieve efficient utilization of network resources and long-term stable operation of nodes.

[0047] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has better scalability and adaptability: the present invention adopts a modular design concept, and various optimization mechanisms (such as dynamic scheduling, adaptive configuration, intelligent retransmission, etc.) can be flexibly combined and configured to meet the needs of wireless sensor networks of different scales and different application scenarios. The main mechanisms of the present invention, such as dynamic scheduling, adaptive configuration, intelligent retransmission, etc., have good scalability and are easy to integrate new optimization strategies and algorithms. In contrast, the existing technology is usually designed for specific applications or network environments, and has poor scalability and adaptability.

[0048] Through the above series of optimization operations, the present invention introduces refined management and dynamic scheduling mechanisms in the initialization, data transmission, retransmission control, resource monitoring and other links, comprehensively improves the communication performance, resource utilization efficiency and adaptability of WSN, can continuously monitor and dynamically adjust the working status and resource usage of each sensor node in the wireless sensor network, and maximizes the network's throughput, reliability and energy utilization efficiency from multiple dimensions such as data transmission strategy, retransmission control, and resource allocation, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the wireless sensor network.

[0049] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0050] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol, characterized in that: The method comprises: Each sensor node in the wireless sensor network is powered on and started, obtains an IP address, and performs network registration, including: the sensor node constructs a registration packet and sends it to the central controller; after the central controller receives the registration packet of the sensor node, it creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system, and constructs a confirmation packet containing communication parameters and an initial window size and returns it to the sensor node. After receiving the confirmation packet, the sensor node initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the confirmation packet to complete the registration; During the data transmission stage, the sensor nodes send data packets to the central controller according to the scheduling instructions of the central controller within the specified time window, according to the set priority and frequency. After receiving the data packets, the central controller updates the status of the corresponding sensor nodes in the node management system and processes the collected data; the central controller dynamically adjusts the transmission strategy according to the real-time network load and QoS parameters, and feeds back to each sensor node through scheduling update packets; if the central controller or sensor node detects data packet loss, error or delay exceeding the preset threshold during data transmission, the retransmission mechanism is triggered; after the central controller successfully processes all data packets in a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data, and makes further parameter adjustments based on network performance feedback.

2. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sensor node is powered on, it first performs a self-test, including checking whether the functions of its sensor, memory, processor and wireless communication module are normal; after completing the self-test, the sensor node automatically activates its wireless network interface, searches for available wireless networks, and requests an IP address through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol to obtain an IP address, including: the sensor node sends a DHCP discovery packet to the network DHCP server, the network DHCP server responds with a DHCP offer packet, the sensor node sends a DHCP request packet, the network DHCP server sends a DHCP confirmation packet to confirm the IP address allocation, and the sensor node obtains the IP address.

3. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1, characterized in that: The registration package constructed when a sensor node registers with the network contains the sensor node's unique identifier, node location, hardware and software version information, and current status such as battery power and signal strength. The unique identifier includes the MAC address and device serial number. The registration package also includes the sensor node's configuration requirements, including data transmission frequency, data type, and expected quality of service parameters.

4. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor node sends the registration package to the central controller through a secure communication channel. After receiving the registration package from the sensor node, the central controller first verifies the integrity of the registration package and the legitimacy of the sending source. After confirmation, it creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system. The record entry includes all the initial information and operating parameters of the sensor node, as well as a status field to track the activity status and communication history of the sensor node.

5. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Based on the configuration requirements of the sensor nodes and the current network status, the central controller calculates and determines the communication parameters suitable for the sensor nodes. The communication parameters include the allocated data communication window size, data priority and retransmission strategy; the central controller constructs a confirmation packet, which contains the communication parameters of the above sensor nodes and various configuration information including time synchronization information; the central controller sends the confirmation packet back to the corresponding sensor node through a secure communication channel. After receiving the confirmation packet, the sensor node initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the confirmation packet, including data cache management, priority scheduling and transmission time window control, and completes the registration process.

6. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the sensor node completes the network registration, the central controller estimates the distance between the sensor node and the central controller based on the node position of the sensor node in the registration packet. d ; The central controller continuously monitors the congestion status of the network and defines a congestion metric ρ , the central controller is based on the distance d and congestion metrics ρ , the optimal transmission power of the sensor node is calculated through the power control function P opt : in, P min The minimum transmission power ensures the communication distance of sensor nodes without interference; α and β are the distance factor and the congestion factor, which respectively control the degree of influence on the transmission power; The central controller calculates the optimal power value P opt The control packet is sent to the sensor node. After receiving it, the sensor node adjusts its own transmission power to P opt , and use this transmit power every time a data packet is sent; The central controller T pc The optimal power value is recalculated and updated to the sensor node in seconds. The update cycle T pc The update frequency is proportional to the timeliness and control overhead of transmit power control according to the speed setting of network dynamic changes.

7. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6, characterized in that: After receiving the data packet, the central controller updates the status of the corresponding sensor node in the node management system, including: updating the transmission statistics of the corresponding sensor node in the status management table, including the amount of data sent, packet loss rate, and average delay; then the central controller stores the data packet in the cache queue and schedules it according to the priority and delay requirements.

8. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the central controller successfully processes all data packets of a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data, and makes further parameter adjustments based on network performance feedback, including: after the central controller successfully processes all data packets of a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to notify the sensor node that the data cache in the corresponding data window can be released to save storage space; at the same time, the central controller calculates the parameters of the next data window based on the latest network status and sensor node transmission statistics, and sends the updated parameters to the corresponding sensor node through the window confirmation packet; after receiving the window confirmation packet, the sensor node first releases the data cache of the confirmed data window, and then adjusts its own data transmission strategy based on the updated parameters in the data confirmation packet, including updating the data window size, priority threshold, and retransmission timeout; in this way, a closed-loop dynamic adjustment process is formed between the sensor node and the central controller to continuously optimize the data transmission performance.

9. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the operation of the sensor nodes, the central controller periodically sends health detection packets to the running sensor nodes to check the working status and resource usage of the sensor nodes; after receiving the health detection packet, the sensor node replies with a health status packet to report its own key parameters, including battery power, storage space, and processing load; the central controller dynamically adjusts the resource allocation strategy for the sensor nodes according to the health status packets corresponding to the sensor nodes, including reducing the data window and reducing the sampling frequency to extend the life cycle of the sensor nodes.

10. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the central controller or sensor node detects data packet loss, error, or delay exceeding a preset threshold, a retransmission mechanism is triggered, including: The central controller sends a retransmission request to the corresponding sensor node, specifying the number of the data packet that needs to be retransmitted; After receiving the retransmission request, the sensor node will first retrieve the data packet with the specified number from the local cache and resend it; at the same time, the sensor node will pause the current sending window and wait for the retransmission confirmation from the central controller; When the central controller receives the retransmitted data packet and confirms that it is correct, it sends a retransmission confirmation to the sensor node, notifying the corresponding sensor node to restore the normal data transmission window and scheduling mechanism.

11. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6 or 8 or 9 or 10, characterized in that: When the resource usage of a sensor node deteriorates to a certain extent, including when the power or storage space is lower than the warning threshold, the sensor node actively sends a resource warning packet to the central controller; After receiving the resource warning package from the sensor node, the central controller suspends allocating new data transmission tasks to the corresponding sensor node and starts the resource scheduling algorithm, trying to recycle some idle resources from other sensor nodes or reduce the burden of the corresponding sensor node by changing the data transmission path; at the same time, the central controller sends a scheduling adjustment package to the corresponding sensor node, instructing the corresponding sensor node to reduce the working intensity to extend the available time of the sensor node as much as possible.

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