The invention discloses a multi-mode switching composite power supply topological structure of an electric vehicle and a control method. The multi-mode switching composite power supply topological structure of the electric vehicle comprises a first voltage stabilization capacitor, a second voltage stabilization capacitor, a battery pack, a super capacitor, a motor inverter, a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit and an ARM controller, wherein a first energy storage inductor, a first MOS tube and a fourth diode form a main booster circuit; a second energy storage inductor, a second MOS tube and a third diode form an auxiliary boost-buck circuit; the controller controls the MOS tubes to be connected or disconnected according to the actual requirement of the electric vehicle, to realize the switching or combination of the main booster circuit and the auxiliary boost-buck circuit; during output, on the basis of guaranteeing the power performance of the electric vehicle, the optimal boosting mode of the super capacitor or the running charging mode is chosen, to decrease energy loss; during braking, the super capacitor is chosen preferentially to recover energy independently, and to ensure system safety, the boosting mode is adopted to charge the battery pack when the super capacitor is about to be fully charged, so that the stability of braking energy recovery is guaranteed.