A reconfigurable energy storage system comprising energy modules comprising interconnected circuits, each circuit having at least two terminals, which can function as input or output terminals; an energy storage unit with a positive and a negative terminal, either of which can be interposed between the terminals; a switch connected to the storage unit, and where the switch module provides parallel, series, and/or bypass connectivity for and enables the ability to reverse polarity in the storage unit, and enables the ability to simultaneously charge and discharge storage units within the system; and a control unit that monitors an operational state of the energy storage unit in the energy modules and controls the switches, to bypass, connect the storage unit in parallel, series, and/or change the polarity of the storage unit, wherein the control unit determines a number of storage units available for use from the storage units in the circuits.