Power distribution method for backhaul link limitation based on Stackelberg game

Abstract

The invention discloses a backhaul link limited power distribution method based on a Stackelberg game. The backhaul link limited power distribution method comprises the following steps: step 1, a base station collects channel gain information of users in a network and a minimum QoS demand value; step 2, the base station adopts a Stackelberg game mechanism to make a decision for power distribution of multiple users, so that effective control on a backhaul link of the base station is achieved; and step 3, the base station updates the maximum threshold value of the backhaul link, and if the total data transmission rate of the network user is greater than the threshold value, the step 1 and the step 2 are returned to carry out the Stackelberg game again on the provided power distribution method. According to the method, the Stackelberg game mechanism is adopted to effectively allocate the multi-user power with the limited backhaul link, meanwhile, the problem of resource allocation fairness between the users is considered, and the method physically conforms to the scene of practical application and can be effectively applied to engineering practice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of multiple access in wireless communications, and in particular to a power allocation method for limited backhaul links based on Stackelberg game. Background Art

[0002] In wireless networks, the backhaul link refers to the link between the access network (such as a base station) and the core network. It is the key path for data to be transmitted from user equipment to the Internet or other networks. In mobile communication networks, the quality of the backhaul link directly affects the user's network experience and service quality. However, with the increase in the number of users and the explosive growth of data traffic, the bandwidth demand for the backhaul link has also increased dramatically. If the bandwidth of the backhaul link cannot meet the demand, it will lead to network congestion and data transmission delay. Secondly, due to cost control, it takes a lot of money and resources to build a high-bandwidth, low-latency backhaul link. In some remote areas or economically underdeveloped areas, high-quality backhaul links may not be deployed due to cost constraints. In addition, due to technical limitations, there are differences in network environment and technical conditions in different regions. In some areas, it may be difficult to deploy efficient backhaul links due to factors such as terrain and climate. Therefore, the limited network backhaul link will increase data transmission delay, affecting the user's experience of real-time communication and video applications. When the backhaul link bandwidth is insufficient, network congestion is prone to occur, resulting in a decrease in data transmission speed or even interruption. The limitation of backhaul link will directly affect the service quality of the network, including the increase of indicators such as packet loss rate and bit error rate. Summary of the invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The present invention provides a power allocation method for limited backhaul links based on Stackelberg game, which improves the fairness of multi-user resource allocation.

[0004] Technical solution: The present invention discloses a method for backhaul link-constrained power allocation based on Stackelberg game, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: The base station collects the channel gain information and the minimum QoS requirement value of users in the network;

[0006] Step 2: The base station uses the Stackelberg game mechanism to make decisions on the power allocation of multiple users, thereby achieving effective control of the base station backhaul link;

[0007] Step 3: The base station updates the maximum threshold of the backhaul link. If the total data transmission rate of the network users is greater than the threshold, the base station returns to steps 1 and 2 to re-perform the Stackelberg game on the proposed power allocation method.

[0008] Furthermore, in step 2, in the game, the base station, as the leader of the two parties in the game, sells limited backhaul link resources, and multiple users, as the buyers in the game, obtain benefits by purchasing limited backhaul link resources.

[0009] Furthermore, the seller utility function in the game model is defined as the revenue obtained by the base station from selling limited backhaul link resources to multiple users. The seller utility function is expressed as Where: p m is the power value allocated by the base station to user m; σ 2 is the noise at the user receiver; β m is the unit resource price.

[0010] Furthermore, the utility function of the buyer in the game model is defined as the difference between the proportional fair utility function of the user data transmission rate and the price paid for purchasing the backhaul link resources, which is Where: p m is the power value allocated by the base station to user m; σ 2 is the noise at the user receiver, is the minimum QoS requirement value of user m.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 3, the final Stackelberg equilibrium is obtained by the game leaders and followers playing games according to the rules. That is, the optimal unit resource pricing is obtained by maximizing the utility function representing the interests of the base station and the users with a competitive relationship.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 3, the seller dynamically adjusts the optimal unit backhaul link resource pricing according to the maximum threshold value of the backhaul link. The buyer then pays the seller the best price. Adjust the optimal power allocation value

[0013] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: the present invention adopts the Stackelberg game mechanism to realize the effective allocation of multi-user power with limited backhaul link, while taking into account the fairness of resource allocation among users, and is physically consistent with the scenarios of real applications and can be effectively applied to engineering practice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, a power allocation method for backhaul link limitation based on Stackelberg game includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: The base station collects the channel gain information and the minimum QoS requirement value of users in the network;

[0017] Step 2: The base station uses the Stackelberg game mechanism to make decisions on the power allocation of multiple users, thereby achieving effective control of the base station backhaul link;

[0018] Step 3: The base station updates the maximum threshold of the backhaul link. If the total data transmission rate of the network users is greater than the threshold, the base station returns to steps 1 and 2 to re-perform the Stackelberg game on the proposed power allocation method.

[0019] The Stackelberg game mechanism described in step 2 is to model the power allocation problem of multiple users in a base station with limited backhaul links as an economic game model for solution.

[0020] In the game, the base station, as the leader, sells limited backhaul link resources, while multiple users, as the followers, gain benefits by purchasing limited backhaul link resources.

[0021] In the game model, the seller utility function is defined as the revenue obtained by the base station from selling limited backhaul link resources to multiple users. The seller utility function is expressed as

[0022] The utility function of the buyer in the game model is defined as the difference between the fair utility function of the user data transmission rate and the price paid for purchasing the backhaul link resources, that is,

[0023] In the game model, the buyer's income is defined by a proportional fair utility function, and the buyer's differences in channel gain and minimum QoS requirement value are taken into account, so that the final power allocation scheme has a certain degree of fairness.

[0024] The seller can dynamically adjust the optimal unit backhaul link resource pricing based on the maximum threshold value of the backhaul link The buyer then pays the seller the best price. Adjust the optimal power allocation value

[0025] Combination Figure 1 As shown, the design scheme of the present invention is further specifically analyzed and described.

[0026] In the base station described in the scheme of the present invention, it is assumed that there are M user terminals defined as The channel gain from the base station to these users is expressed as

[0027] In the present invention, considering that the backhaul link of the base station is limited, the base station cannot accept the requirement of unlimited multi-user data transmission rate, so how to reasonably allocate the different application requirements of multiple users is a key problem that needs to be solved urgently. Considering that each user hopes to purchase backhaul link resources to improve their respective utility, in the power allocation scheme for limited backhaul link resources given by the present invention, each user has a competitive relationship in the issue of purchasing base station backhaul link resources. Steinberg game is a pure strategy non-cooperative sequential game model in economics. The participants of the game can be divided into leaders and followers according to the priority of actions and the completeness of information. Followers only have partial information and take the lead; while leaders act later because they have all the information of followers. Among them, the leader needs to consider the optimal response of followers when setting the game strategy, and followers give their own optimal resource purchase size according to the optimal decision of the leader. In the present invention, since the base station has global information and resources of the backhaul link, the base station is used as the leader of the game model, and users who only have partial information act as followers.

[0028] In the present invention, each user has his own application requirements, and the QoS requirements of each application are different. Therefore, the purpose of each user (follower) purchasing base station backhaul link resources in the game mechanism is to increase the transmission rate of its data service to a value higher than the overflow value of its QoS, that is,

[0029]

[0030] Where: p m is the power value allocated by the base station to user m; σ 2 is the noise at the user receiver; is the minimum QoS requirement value of user m.

[0031] Considering the coexistence of a large number of users, how to effectively and fairly allocate resources while meeting QoS requirements is the goal pursued by each user in the present invention. Therefore, the utility function of each user as a game follower consists of two parts, namely, the fair utility function of the rate and the price paid for purchasing the backhaul link resources, which is

[0032]

[0033] Where: β m represents the unit backhaul link price sold by the base station to the user, so is the price paid by user m for purchasing backhaul link resources. The rate proportional fair revenue generated by the base station selling backhaul link resources to user m, the objective function of which is in the form of log(x) function. Since the derivative of the gradient of log(x) function is negative, The increase of The growth rate slows down, so even if more resources are allocated to this user, the increase in the user's income is not large. Users will have a higher willingness to bid for limited backhaul link resources, thereby improving the fairness of resource allocation.

[0034] As followers purchase more resources, their benefits will also increase, but their cost function will also increase. For followers in the game model, their goal is to obtain the highest benefits at the lowest cost in the game behavior, that is, to maximize their own utility function,

[0035]

[0036] Since the data transmission rate pursued by each user should be greater than or equal to the minimum value of its QoS, there is

[0037]

[0038] Therefore, for the follower in the game relationship, that is, each user, the optimization problem of purchasing base station backhaul link resources is:

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] The seller leader in the game relationship, i.e., the base station, sells limited backhaul link resources to multiple competing users for their data transmission. Therefore, its objective function is defined as the total cost paid by all users to purchase backhaul link resources, which is

[0042]

[0043] Since the backhaul link of the base station is limited, the leader in the Stackelberg game relationship has the constraint:

[0044]

[0045] in, It is the maximum data transmission rate of the base station backhaul link.

[0046] In the game, the base station as the leader aims to gain profits by selling limited resources. Therefore, the seller's goal in selling is to maximize its own utility function while considering constraints. Therefore, for the leader,

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] P1 and P2 together form a Stackelberg game. The final Stackelberg equilibrium can be obtained by the game leaders (base stations) and followers (users) playing games according to certain rules. That is, the optimal unit resource pricing is obtained by maximizing the utility function representing the interests of the base stations and users with a mutually competitive relationship. Then, the buyer Based on the seller's best pricing Get the optimal power allocation value Subsequently, the base station updates the threshold value of the backhaul link restriction. If the total data transmission rate of network users is greater than the threshold value, the Stackelberg game needs to be re-performed on the proposed power allocation method.

Claims

1. A power allocation method for backhaul link limitation based on Stackelberg game, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: The base station collects the channel gain information and the minimum QoS requirement value of users in the network; Step 2: The base station uses the Stackelberg game mechanism to make decisions on the power allocation of multiple users, thereby achieving effective control of the base station backhaul link; Step 3: The base station updates the maximum threshold of the backhaul link. If the total data transmission rate of the network users is greater than the threshold, the base station returns to steps 1 and 2 to re-perform the Stackelberg game on the proposed power allocation method.

2. The method for backhaul link-constrained power allocation based on Stackelberg game according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, in the game, the base station, as the leader of the two parties in the game, sells limited backhaul link resources, and multiple users, as the buyers in the game, obtain benefits by purchasing limited backhaul link resources.

3. The method for power allocation based on Stackelberg game for limited backhaul link according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the game model, the seller utility function is defined as the revenue obtained by the base station from selling limited backhaul link resources to multiple users. The seller utility function is expressed as Where: p m is the power value allocated by the base station to user m; σ 2 is the noise at the user receiver; β m is the unit resource price.

4. The method for power allocation based on Stackelberg game for limited backhaul link according to claim 1, characterized in that: The utility function of the buyer in the game model is defined as the difference between the proportional fair utility function of the user data transmission rate and the price paid for purchasing the backhaul link resources, which is Where: p m is the power value allocated by the base station to user m; σ 2 is the noise at the user receiver, is the minimum QoS requirement value of user m.

5. The method for power allocation based on Stackelberg game for limited backhaul link according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the leader base station and followers perform game actions according to the rules to obtain the final Stackelberg equilibrium, that is, the optimal unit resource pricing is obtained by maximizing the utility function representing the interests of the base station and the users with a competitive relationship.

6. The method for backhaul link-constrained power allocation based on Stackelberg game according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the seller dynamically adjusts the optimal unit backhaul link resource pricing based on the maximum threshold value of the backhaul link. The buyer then pays the seller the best price. Adjust the optimal power allocation value

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