A visualization method and system for hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning

Abstract

The invention discloses a visualization method and system for hydrological and water resource metering, monitoring and early warning, which relates to the technical field of hydrological and water resource technology, and comprises a water body data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a multi-source data integration module and a water body visualization module; the water body data acquisition module is used to monitor a hydrological parameter set including: water level Hi, water flow rate St, water pressure Pa and soil characteristics, as well as an underwater three-dimensional dot cloud of a lake dam body acquired through underwater sonar, and interactively connect the hydrological parameter set, the three-dimensional dot cloud and the data analysis module; the data analysis module is used to process the collected hydrological parameter set and three-dimensional dot cloud data, to warn the processed hydrological parameter set, and at the same time to perform negative feedback regulation on the monitoring sensor, and to transmit the processed data to the multi-source data integration module and the water body visualization module, so as to timely and effectively predict the possible risks and problems of lake dam body piping, and help reduce potential disaster risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrology and water resources, and in particular to a hydrology and water resources metering, monitoring and early warning visualization method and system. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of science and technology, countries have begun to establish nationwide hydrological monitoring networks. At the same time, with the growth of population and the acceleration of industrialization, the demand for water resource management has become more and more urgent. Hydrological monitoring is not only a part of scientific research, but also an important basis for government and corporate decision-making. Before the dam lake bursts, it is often accompanied by the occurrence of pipe bursts. There are cracks, rock layers or gravel layers in the strata that can cause water infiltration. The groundwater level around the dam or lake rises, resulting in increased water pressure, which causes water to seep through the pores at the bottom of the dam or lake. Piping may increase the risk of infiltration of the dam or lake structure and reduce its safety. At the same time, piping may cause surrounding land subsidence, soil erosion, geological disasters and other problems;

[0003] However, the traditional way to check for piping is to regularly check the hydrogeological conditions through water level monitoring, seepage observation, groundwater level monitoring, etc., conduct detailed surveys and analyses of the geological conditions around the dam, understand possible seepage paths, regularly inspect the dam structure and surrounding environment, and promptly handle abnormal conditions. This is mostly done manually, which is subjective and tests the concentration of humans.

[0004] In view of the above technical defects, a solution is now proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for visualizing hydrological and water resources metering, monitoring and early warning to solve the above-mentioned technical defects. The present invention installs a sensor device on the lake dam to monitor the key hydrological parameter set, and issues an early warning for the acquired monitoring data. At the same time, negative feedback regulation is performed on the data acquisition module. By correlating the collected data and mapping the analyzed data, an intuitive and clear three-dimensional model is established to respond quickly to hydrological early warnings.

[0006] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: a method and system for visualizing hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning, including a water body data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a multi-source data integration module and a water body visualization module;

[0007] The water data acquisition module is used to monitor the hydrological parameter set including: water level Hi, water flow rate St, water pressure Pa and soil characteristics , and the underwater three-dimensional dot cloud of the lake dam body obtained by underwater sonar, and the hydrological parameter set, three-dimensional dot cloud and data analysis module are interactively connected;

[0008] The data analysis module is used to process the collected hydrological parameter set and three-dimensional dot cloud data, to warn the processed hydrological parameter set, to perform negative feedback regulation on the water body data collection and monitoring sensors, and to transmit the processed data to the multi-source data integration module and the water body visualization module;

[0009] The multi-source data integration module is used to associate the processed data, map the processed hydrological parameter sets of different dimensions with the coordinate positions, and transmit the associated data to the water body visualization module;

[0010] The water body visualization module is used to create a three-dimensional model of the lake dam at the location, and visualize the hydrological parameter sets of different dimensions according to needs.

[0011] Preferably, the water body data collection module collects the water level Hi and water flow rate St in the hydrological parameter set as follows:

[0012] Through the conductivity water level meter installed in the lake dam water body, the value above the average depth of the lake dam at the location is recorded as water level Hi, and transmitted to the monitoring center through the underwater cable;

[0013] The electromagnetic flowmeter set at the confluence of the main water flow records the distance moved in the water body to calculate the water flow rate St, which is transmitted to the monitoring center via wireless signals.

[0014] Preferably, the water body data acquisition module collects soil characteristics from the hydrological parameters. The collection process is as follows:

[0015] Through the study of the soil characteristics of the lake dam The soil samples were collected using a soil drill, and the collected data were obtained through experiments. The soil properties were ranked from best to worst, and the score of the lake dam soil evaluation system was So by approximation. The formula is:

[0016] ;

[0017] Where i is the number of sampling times, is the soil property of the ith sampling The weighted coefficient of the sample point, q is the total number of sample points. By obtaining the lake dam soil evaluation system score So, the risk factor Da of the lake dam location is obtained. The formula is:

[0018] ;

[0019] n is the number of risk factors, the risk factor is the presence of sand and gravel turbidity in the samples obtained in the experiment, is the soil property of the ith sampling The weighting coefficient of the sample point, q is the total number of sample points, yes The sampling probability of the sample is:

[0020] ;

[0021] The collected sample data are recorded and the results of soil properties are interpreted.

[0022] Preferably, the water body data acquisition module collects the concentrated water pressure Pa of the hydrological parameters as follows:

[0023] By installing underwater pressure sensors in the water body inside the lake dam, the density De of the underwater pressure sensors is adjusted, and the formula is:

[0024] ;

[0025] in is the basic deployment density, that is, the deployment density of underwater pressure sensors under the lowest risk level, k is a coefficient, indicating the rate at which the risk level increases with the deployment density, and e is a natural constant;

[0026] By obtaining the density data of the underwater pressure sensor, the underwater pressure sensor is installed in the water inside the lake dam, and the layout of the density of the underwater pressure sensor is adjusted.

[0027] Preferably, the process of collecting underwater three-dimensional dot cloud data of the lake dam in the water body data collection module is as follows:

[0028] The underwater sonar data of the dam body or lake is obtained by installing an underwater sonar device on the ship. The underwater sonar device includes a transmitter and a receiver. The sound wave signal is sent through the transmitter, and the time and intensity of each reflected signal are calculated and recorded. The characteristics of the sonar system and the sound wave reflection data are used to convert the processed data into dot cloud data of the position, shape and structure of the underwater dam body or lake, and the dot cloud data is mapped with the coordinates of the location and saved.

[0029] Preferably, the three-dimensional point cloud analysis process obtained in the data analysis module is as follows:

[0030] The underwater sonar data is acquired, which contains noise. The denoising operation is performed by superimposing distance threshold filtering on local neighborhood filtering. According to the installation position and posture of the underwater sonar device, the acquired point cloud data is converted into the target coordinate system. The underwater sonar data is aligned with the point cloud to construct a three-dimensional model, and specific geometric features are extracted from the constructed three-dimensional model.

[0031] Preferably, the monitoring data early warning process obtained in the data analysis module is as follows:

[0032] According to the characteristics of the monitoring data and the hydrological environment standards, a safe water level threshold H is set, and the real-time monitored water level Hi is compared with the set safe water level threshold H to determine whether an abnormal water level warning is triggered:

[0033] When the water level Hi is greater than or equal to the safe water level threshold H, it is necessary to alert the relevant waters, increase the data collection frequency of the lake dam water level, flow and water pressure data collection sensors, and increase the data collection frequency signal of the underwater pressure sensor to record the abnormal pressure area in real time and conduct pipe burst inspection in the abnormal pressure water area;

[0034] When the water level Hi is lower than the safety water level threshold H, there is no need to be alerted and the underwater pressure sensor should maintain normal frequency monitoring;

[0035] The underwater pressure sensor obtains the water pressure Pa in different areas of the current water body, and the formula is:

[0036] ;

[0037] in, is the pressure difference, is the specific gravity of water, which is the product of the density of water and the acceleration due to gravity, is the current value of the underwater pressure sensor, is the value of the adjacent pressure sensor, and h is the current water level data;

[0038] Through the pressure difference Compare with the water pressure warning value p to determine whether the abnormal pressure warning of the dam lake is triggered:

[0039] When the pressure difference When the water pressure is greater than or equal to the water pressure warning value p, a warning notification is sent to the relevant departments, and additional personnel are sent to the area with abnormal pressure values ​​to conduct pipe burst inspections around the lake dam;

[0040] When the pressure difference When the water pressure is less than the warning value p, the pressure sensor maintains the normal collection frequency and sends the data to the cloud platform at the normal frequency.

[0041] Preferably, the integration process in the multi-source data integration module is as follows:

[0042] By adding a design data interface and developing a data mapping algorithm, the point cloud of the lake dam and the real-time monitoring data are mapped to the coordinates in the sonar three-dimensional coordinate model. Through linear mapping, the formula is:

[0043] ;

[0044] The range formula for real-time monitoring data is:

[0045] ;

[0046] Use the linear mapping formula:

[0047] ;

[0048] ;

[0049] ;

[0050] in It is the minimum value of the current X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis in the coordinate data. It is the maximum value of the current X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis in the coordinate data. The coordinates on the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis mapped to the three-dimensional model determine the reference coordinate system. x, y, and z are the actual input coordinate values ​​on the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. and In order to monitor the minimum and maximum values ​​of the data range in real time, the collected position data is associated and matched with the position data in the coordinate model, the results of the association and matching are calibrated and verified, and the data acquired by the sonar is aligned with the geographic coordinate system, and the actual acquired image texture is mapped onto the surface of the three-dimensional model.

[0051] Preferably, the visualization presentation process in the water body visualization module is as follows:

[0052] The real-time monitoring water body data is displayed in the form of charts and the model is rendered in three dimensions. A real-time data update mechanism is established to update the data in real time through scheduled queries and event triggers, and interactive functions are added to the three-dimensional model, including zooming, rotating and panning.

[0053] A hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization method comprises: step 1: obtaining key hydrological parameters such as water level Hi, water flow rate St, water pressure Pa and soil characteristics through a water body data acquisition module, and analyzing the collected data;

[0054] Step 2: Perform three-dimensional dot cloud analysis on the analyzed data and issue an early warning for the acquired monitoring data. After receiving the early warning information, negative feedback adjustment is performed on the data acquisition module to increase the acquisition frequency of the data acquisition module.

[0055] Step 3: After acquiring the data, the collected data are correlated with each other and the analyzed data are mapped, and the point cloud of the lake dam body and the real-time monitoring data are mapped to the coordinates or attributes in the sonar three-dimensional coordinate model;

[0056] Step 4: Display the mutually mapped data in the form of charts and render the model in three dimensions. Monitor the distribution of data in the three-dimensional model in real time and visualize the warning information on the cloud platform.

[0057] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0058] (1) The present invention uses a hydrological sensor network to monitor key hydrological parameters such as water level, flow, water pressure and soil characteristics, and analyzes the data to obtain the soil evaluation system score, the hazard coefficient of the water body at the lake dam, and guides the density of underwater pressure sensor deployment through the hazard coefficient, thereby strengthening the monitoring of areas where pipe bursts may occur in a targeted manner, while also saving data collection;

[0059] (2) The present invention processes the acquired warning information and feeds back the warning information to the water body data acquisition module through the data processing module, thereby increasing the data acquisition frequency of the data acquisition sensor, timely and effectively predicting the possible risks and problems of lake dam pipe bursts, and helping to reduce potential disaster risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings;

[0061] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the system of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 It is a reference diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] See also Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, the present invention is a hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system, comprising the following steps:

[0065] The water data acquisition module monitors key hydrological parameters such as water level Hi, water flow rate St, water pressure Pa and soil characteristics by deploying a hydrological sensor network , and the underwater three-dimensional dot cloud of the lake dam body obtained by underwater sonar, and the hydrological parameter set, three-dimensional dot cloud and data analysis module are interactively connected;

[0066] The water level acquisition device is installed in the water body of the lake dam, and through the conductivity water level meter, a value higher than the average depth of the lake dam at the location is obtained, which is recorded as Hi, wherein the value above the average depth is obtained through the local hydrological bureau, and the analog signal output by the conductivity water level meter sensor is converted into a digital signal, and the real-time data is transmitted to the lake dam monitoring center located on the shore through a wired connection, and the received real-time data is backed up by the monitoring center and uploaded to the cloud platform; the water flow rate acquisition device measures the water flow rate St, including an electromagnetic flowmeter, which is set at the confluence of the main water flow. When there are multiple main water flows, a water flow rate acquisition device is set at the confluence of each main water flow, and the average value of each main water flow rate is obtained, which is recorded as St. A buoy or marker is placed on the water surface, and the electromagnetic flowmeter is used to output a digital signal to the flowmeter, which is received and converted into a standard flow unit by a PLC controller, and transmitted to the monitoring center by wireless signals;

[0067] Through identifying the soil characteristics of the lake dam, soil samples were collected using a soil drill. Samples at multiple depths should be collected at each sampling point to understand the changes in soil characteristics at different depths. Preliminary analysis was performed through hand feel, particle size analysis and soil density tank method, and the particle size was determined by laboratory analysis. An experimental table was drawn for the collected data, as shown in the following figure:

[0068]

[0069] The table ranks soil properties from best to worst, and rounds the weighted coefficients by approximate rounding (keeping one decimal place). Among them, the weighted coefficient of clay soil is 0.2, the weighted coefficient of lithology soil is 0.3, the weighted coefficient of alluvial soil is 0.7, the weighted coefficient of organic soil is 0.8, and the weighted coefficient of alkaline soil is 1. The lake dam soil evaluation system score is So, and the formula is:

[0070] ;

[0071] Where i is the number of sampling times, is the soil property of the ith sampling The weighted coefficient of the sample point, q is the total number of sample points. By obtaining the lake dam soil evaluation system score So, the risk factor Da of the lake dam location is obtained. The formula is:

[0072] ;

[0073] n is the number of risk factors, the risk factor is the presence of sand and gravel turbidity in the samples obtained in the experiment, is the soil property of the ith sampling The weighting coefficient of the sample point, q is the total number of sample points, yes The sampling probability of the sample is:

[0074] ;

[0075] Record the collected sample data and interpret the results of soil properties;

[0076] By installing sensors in the lake dam, the flow velocity St and water level Hi of the water body are obtained; underwater pressure sensors are installed in the water body inside the lake dam, and the density De of the underwater pressure sensors is adjusted. The formula is:

[0077] ;

[0078] in is the basic deployment density, that is, the density under the lowest danger level or basic conditions, k is a positive number, indicating the sensitivity or rate of the danger level to the growth of deployment density; by obtaining the data of the density De of the underwater pressure sensor, the underwater pressure sensor is installed in the water body inside the lake dam body, and the deployment of the density De of the underwater pressure sensor is adjusted. When there are basin terrain, high temperature and high pressure areas, groundwater bodies or gas layers, the deployment of underwater pressure sensors is increased, and the sensors are powered and pressure information is obtained through underwater cables;

[0079] The underwater three-dimensional image of the dam body and lake is obtained by the underwater sonar device installed on the ship. The underwater sonar includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter will send a sound wave signal, which will pass through the water body and reflect or scatter with underwater objects (such as the lake bottom, dam, etc.). The emitted sound wave propagates in the water, and a part of it will be reflected back by the surface of the underwater object. According to the propagation speed and reflection characteristics of the sound wave, the time and intensity of the reflected signal are calculated by the sonar system. The receiver receives the reflected sound wave signal and records the time and intensity of each reflected signal. By measuring the time of transmission to the receiver, the propagation distance of the sound wave signal is calculated. The collected time and intensity data will be transmitted to the data processing unit. Using the characteristics of the sonar system and the sound wave reflection data, data processing and imaging algorithms are performed to convert the processed data into a three-dimensional image of the position, shape and structure of the underwater dam body or lake;

[0080] The data analysis module is used to process the collected data and pre-process the three-dimensional point cloud acquisition, obtain early warning information, perform negative feedback adjustment on the monitoring sensor, and transmit the processed data to the multi-source data integration module and the water body visualization module;

[0081] By acquiring sonar data from an underwater sonar device installed on a ship, and processing noise or invalid points in the underwater sonar data, denoising is performed by superimposing distance threshold filtering on local neighborhood filtering, and according to the installation position and posture of the underwater sonar device, the point cloud data obtained by the underwater sonar is converted into a target coordinate system, and the sonar is subjected to point cloud registration, and the point cloud data is used to perform three-dimensional surface reconstruction through the Poisson reconstruction algorithm, and the point cloud data is converted into a voxel grid to construct a three-dimensional model, and specific geometric features are extracted from the constructed three-dimensional model;

[0082] According to the characteristics of the monitoring data and relevant environmental standards, the thresholds and indicators of early warning are set, and the real-time monitoring data are compared with the set early warning indicators to check in real time whether the set thresholds are exceeded or the trend changes abnormally. The basic safe water level threshold H is determined through the lake safety water level indication documents of the local hydrological bureau and the design documents and specifications of the dam:

[0083] When the current water level Hi is less than the safety water level threshold H, there is no need to be alerted, and the underwater pressure sensor is kept at a normal frequency for monitoring, which can increase the service life of the sensor and reduce the cost of sensor replacement and maintenance. When the current water level Hi data is greater than the safety water level threshold H, keep alert, increase the data collection frequency of the lake dam water level, flow and water pressure data collection sensors, and increase the data collection frequency signal of the underwater pressure sensor, record the pressure fluctuations and abnormal pressure areas in real time, and conduct pipe burst inspections in the waters with abnormal pressure to avoid dam rupture and lake breach caused by pipe bursts.

[0084] Alert the waters in the area to prevent a sudden surge in a short period of time when the water level and flow in the current waters exceed the flow rate indicated in the safety documents of the hydrological bureau of the waters, as well as pipe bursts in the lake dam body, increase the frequency of hydrological data collection for other sensors, and send early warning information to relevant departments;

[0085] The underwater pressure sensor obtains the pressure values ​​of different areas in the current water body. When the water pressure in a certain area is too high or the difference between the pressure value and the historical pressure value is greater than the water pressure warning value p, the pressure value monitoring frequency of the relevant water area is increased. The formula is:

[0086] ;

[0087] in, is the pressure difference, is the specific gravity of water, which is the product of the density of water and the acceleration due to gravity, is the current value of the underwater pressure sensor, is the value of the adjacent pressure sensor. Compare with the water pressure warning value p to determine whether to trigger the abnormal pressure warning of the dam lake: When the water pressure is greater than or equal to the water pressure warning value p, a warning notification is sent to the relevant departments, and personnel are added to the area with abnormal pressure values ​​to check for pipe bursts around the lake dam to prevent pipe bursts.

[0088] Based on the analysis results of real-time monitoring data, determine whether an early warning is triggered. If an early warning is triggered, it is necessary to release early warning information in a timely manner to notify relevant departments and the public; at the same time, initiate corresponding emergency response measures to reduce potential environmental impacts and risks, continuously track changes in monitoring data, and evaluate the effectiveness of early warning measures. According to the evaluation results, adjust the early warning threshold and early warning strategy, and continuously optimize the monitoring and early warning system;

[0089] The multi-source data integration module is used to associate the processed data with the locations of different data acquisition devices, map the real-time monitoring data from different sources with the coordinate locations, and transmit the associated data to the water body visualization module;

[0090] Design a data interface so that real-time monitoring data can be transmitted to the three-dimensional model. The interface supports multiple data formats and transmission protocols to ensure data compatibility and real-time performance. Develop a data mapping algorithm. The sonar model of the lake dam needs to map the real-time monitoring data (such as water level, flow, water pressure, etc.) to the coordinates or attributes in the sonar three-dimensional coordinate model, using linear mapping, for example:

[0091] ;

[0092] The scope of real-time monitoring data is:

[0093] ;

[0094] Use the following linear mapping formula:

[0095] ;

[0096] ;

[0097] ;

[0098] in It is the minimum value of the current X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis in the coordinate data. It is the maximum value of the current X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis in the coordinate data. The coordinates on the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis mapped to the three-dimensional model determine the reference coordinate system. x, y, and z are the actual input coordinate values ​​on the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. and In order to monitor the minimum and maximum values ​​of the data range in real time, the position data obtained by the acquisition device is associated and matched with the position data in the coordinate model, and the results of the association and matching are calibrated and verified to ensure the accuracy of the acquisition device position and the consistency of the model position. In addition, the relationship between the acquisition device position and the model position is continuously updated and adjusted to reflect the dynamic changes in the environment or the movement of the acquisition device itself, taking into account error correction, repeated checks or other verification processes;

[0099] The water body visualization module is used to build a three-dimensional model of the lake dam and visualize the hydrological parameter sets of different dimensions according to the needs;

[0100] Real-time analysis of water level, flow and water pressure data during water body data collection, real-time monitoring and analysis of data, and display of real-time monitoring results in charts at the monitoring center or monitoring platform; aligning sonar data with geographic coordinate system, using geolocation technology to ensure the correct spatial reference of data, mapping the actual image texture onto the surface of the 3D model, and rendering the model in 3D, and establishing a real-time data update mechanism to ensure that the data in the 3D model is always synchronized with the real-time monitoring data, and to achieve real-time data update through timed query, event triggering, etc.;

[0101] Through the visualization solution, the distribution of real-time monitoring data in the three-dimensional model can be displayed intuitively and clearly. Interactive functions can be added to the three-dimensional model as needed, including zooming, rotating and panning. Data can be observed and analyzed clearly and conveniently, and data query, screening and comparative analysis interactive functions can be performed at the same time. The performance of the three-dimensional model and data mapping algorithm can be optimized, and caching technology, data compression technology and parallel processing technology can be used to improve model performance. The mapping results can be evaluated and the model, algorithm and visualization solution can be adjusted and optimized based on the evaluation results.

[0102] The above formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation and selecting a formula that is close to the actual value. The coefficients in the formula are set by technical personnel in this field according to actual conditions. The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technical personnel familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, make equivalent replacement or change, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system, characterized in that: It includes water body data acquisition module, data analysis module, multi-source data integration module and water body visualization module; The water data acquisition module is used to monitor the hydrological parameter set including: water level Hi, water flow rate St, water pressure Pa and soil characteristics , and the underwater three-dimensional dot cloud of the lake dam body obtained by underwater sonar, and the hydrological parameter set, three-dimensional dot cloud and data analysis module are interactively connected; The data analysis module is used to process the collected hydrological parameter set and three-dimensional dot cloud data, to warn the processed hydrological parameter set, to perform negative feedback regulation on the water body data collection and monitoring sensors, and to transmit the processed data to the multi-source data integration module and the water body visualization module; The multi-source data integration module is used to associate the processed data, map the processed hydrological parameter sets of different dimensions with the coordinate positions, and transmit the associated data to the water body visualization module; The water body visualization module is used to build a three-dimensional model of the lake dam at the location, and visualize the hydrological parameter sets of different dimensions according to the needs; Among them, the water body data acquisition module collects soil characteristics of hydrological parameters The collection process is as follows: Through the soil characteristics of lake dam The soil samples were collected using a soil drill, and the collected data were obtained through experiments. The soil properties were ranked from best to worst, and the score of the lake dam soil evaluation system was So by approximation. The formula is: ； Where i is the number of sampling times, is the soil property of the ith sampling The weighted coefficient of the sample point, q is the total number of sample points. By obtaining the lake dam soil evaluation system score So, the risk factor Da of the lake dam location is obtained. The formula is: ； n is the number of risk factors, the risk factor is the presence of sand and gravel turbidity in the samples obtained in the experiment, is the soil property of the ith sampling The weighting coefficient of the sample point, q is the total number of sample points, yes The sampling probability of the sample is: ； The collected sample data are recorded and the results of soil properties are interpreted.

2. A hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water body data acquisition module collects the water level Hi and water flow rate St of the hydrological parameters as follows: Through the conductivity water level meter installed in the lake dam water body, the value above the average depth of the lake dam at the location is recorded as water level Hi, and transmitted to the monitoring center through the underwater cable; The electromagnetic flowmeter set at the confluence of the main water flow records the distance moved in the water body to calculate the water flow rate St, which is transmitted to the monitoring center via wireless signals.

3. A hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water body data acquisition module collects the hydrological parameter concentrated water pressure Pa in the following process: By installing underwater pressure sensors in the water body inside the lake dam, the density De of the underwater pressure sensors is adjusted, and the formula is: ； in is the basic deployment density, that is, the deployment density of underwater pressure sensors under the lowest risk level, k is a coefficient, indicating the rate at which the risk level increases with the deployment density, and e is a natural constant; By obtaining the density data of the underwater pressure sensor, the underwater pressure sensor is installed in the water inside the lake dam, and the layout of the density of the underwater pressure sensor is adjusted.

4. A hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of collecting underwater three-dimensional dot cloud data of lake dam in the water body data collection module is as follows: The underwater sonar data of the dam body or lake is obtained by installing an underwater sonar device on the ship. The underwater sonar device includes a transmitter and a receiver. The sound wave signal is sent through the transmitter, and the time and intensity of each reflected signal are calculated and recorded. The characteristics of the sonar system and the sound wave reflection data are used to convert the processed data into dot cloud data of the position, shape and structure of the underwater dam body or lake, and the dot cloud data is mapped with the coordinates of the location and saved.

5. A hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The three-dimensional point cloud analysis process obtained in the data analysis module is as follows: The underwater sonar data is acquired, which contains noise. The denoising operation is performed by superimposing distance threshold filtering on local neighborhood filtering. According to the installation position and posture of the underwater sonar device, the acquired point cloud data is converted into the target coordinate system. The underwater sonar data is aligned with the point cloud to construct a three-dimensional model, and specific geometric features are extracted from the constructed three-dimensional model.

6. A hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring data early warning process obtained in the data analysis module is as follows: According to the characteristics of the monitoring data and the hydrological environment standards, a safe water level threshold H is set, and the real-time monitored water level Hi is compared with the set safe water level threshold H to determine whether a water level abnormality warning is triggered: When the water level Hi is greater than or equal to the safe water level threshold H, it is necessary to alert the relevant waters, increase the data collection frequency of the lake dam water level, flow and water pressure data collection sensors, and increase the data collection frequency signal of the underwater pressure sensor to record the abnormal pressure area in real time and conduct pipe burst inspection in the abnormal pressure water area; When the water level Hi is lower than the safety water level threshold H, there is no need to be alerted and the underwater pressure sensor should maintain normal frequency monitoring; The underwater pressure sensor obtains the water pressure Pa in different areas of the current water body, and the formula is: ； in, is the pressure difference, is the specific gravity of water, which is the product of the density of water and the acceleration due to gravity, is the current value of the underwater pressure sensor, is the value of the adjacent pressure sensor, and h is the current water level data; Through the pressure difference Compare with the water pressure warning value p to determine whether the abnormal pressure warning of the dam lake is triggered: When the pressure difference When the water pressure is greater than or equal to the water pressure warning value p, a warning notification is sent to the relevant departments, and additional personnel are sent to the area with abnormal pressure values ​​to conduct pipe burst inspections around the lake dam; When the pressure difference When the water pressure is less than the warning value p, the pressure sensor maintains the normal collection frequency and sends the data to the cloud platform at the normal frequency.

7. A hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integration process in the multi-source data integration module is as follows: By adding a design data interface and developing a data mapping algorithm, the point cloud of the lake dam and the real-time monitoring data are mapped to the coordinates in the sonar three-dimensional coordinate model. Through linear mapping, the formula is: ； The range formula for real-time monitoring data is: ； Use the linear mapping formula: ； ； ； in It is the minimum value of the current X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis in the coordinate data. It is the maximum value of the current X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis in the coordinate data. The coordinates on the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis mapped to the three-dimensional model determine the reference coordinate system. x, y, and z are the actual input coordinate values ​​on the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. and In order to monitor the minimum and maximum values ​​of the data range in real time, the collected position data is associated and matched with the position data in the coordinate model, the results of the association and matching are calibrated and verified, and the data acquired by the sonar is aligned with the geographic coordinate system, and the actual acquired image texture is mapped onto the surface of the three-dimensional model.

8. The hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The visualization process in the water body visualization module is as follows: The real-time monitoring water body data is displayed in the form of charts and the model is rendered in three dimensions. A real-time data update mechanism is established to update the data in real time through scheduled queries and event triggers, and interactive functions are added to the three-dimensional model, including zooming, rotating and panning.

9. A hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization method, the method is applied to a hydrological and water resources measurement monitoring and early warning visualization system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Obtain key hydrological parameters such as water level Hi, water flow rate St, water pressure Pa and soil characteristics through the water body data acquisition module, and analyze the collected data; Step 2: Perform three-dimensional dot cloud analysis on the analyzed data and issue an early warning for the acquired monitoring data. After receiving the early warning information, negative feedback adjustment is performed on the data acquisition module to increase the acquisition frequency of the data acquisition module. Step 3: After acquiring the data, the collected data are correlated with each other and the analyzed data are mapped, and the point cloud of the lake dam body and the real-time monitoring data are mapped to the coordinates or attributes in the sonar three-dimensional coordinate model; Step 4: Display the mutually mapped data in the form of charts and render the model in three dimensions. Monitor the distribution of data in the three-dimensional model in real time and visualize the warning information on the cloud platform.

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