A shear test device and test method for anchored slope with structural surface

Abstract

The present invention provides a shear test device and test method for a slope with structural surface anchoring, the device comprising: a freeze-thaw cycle device, a water level fluctuation device, a slope model, a prestressed anchoring device, a shear loading device, and a deformation monitoring device. The freeze-thaw cycle device provides a set temperature environment for the test process, the water level fluctuation device provides hydraulic erosion conditions for the anchoring slope model, the prestressed anchoring device provides anchoring force for the slope with structural surface, the shear loading device applies sliding force along the structural surface direction to the slope, and provides conditions for the destruction of mortar and anchor cables, and the deformation measuring device monitors the displacement of the landslide body and the deformation characteristics of the structural surface during the test. The present invention considers the test simulation of the shear failure process of the anchoring slope with structural surface under the conditions of water level fluctuation and freeze-thaw cycle in the reservoir area, and has the functions of automatic control of temperature, hydraulic erosion, and shear process, as well as automatic monitoring of shear force, anchor cable prestress, and structural surface sliding deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anchor structure corrosion testing, and in particular to a shear testing device and a testing method for a structural surface anchor slope, which are suitable for indoor testing simulation of the failure process of a structural surface anchor slope under the conditions of water level fluctuation and freeze-thaw cycles in a reservoir area. Background Art

[0002] Prestressed anchor structures are widely used in the reinforcement of slopes with structural surfaces in reservoir areas. Due to seasonal water level fluctuations in the reservoir area, repeated freeze-thaw cycles in winter and other extreme climatic conditions, hydraulic erosion and deterioration of the rock mass on the slopes in the drawdown zone have occurred, resulting in a decrease in the stability of the wading slopes. This has caused the rock mass to slide at the structural surface and destroy the mortar inclusions of the anchor structure, further damaging and failing the anchor structure, and frequently causing geological disasters such as bank collapse and landslides. It is urgent to study the failure law and failure mechanism of anchor slopes with structural surfaces under the conditions of reservoir water level fluctuations and freeze-thaw cycles, and then provide a safety assessment of the stability of the existing slopes and measures to enhance and improve them. Therefore, it is urgent to develop supporting experimental devices and test methods. The existing mechanical test devices for anchor slopes mainly focus on the mechanical characteristics of the anchor structure, the instability mode of the slope, the prestress loss rate, etc., but fail to consider the actual service environment of the reservoir slopes such as freeze-thaw cycles and hydraulic erosion, and lack consideration of the mutual feedback effect between the failure of the anchor structure and the overall instability of the slope during the sliding shear deformation of the anchor slopes with structural surfaces. The present invention provides a shear test device and a test method for a slope with structural surface anchoring. The device has the functions of automatic control of temperature, hydraulic erosion and shear process, and automatic monitoring of shear force, anchor cable prestress and structural surface sliding deformation. The device can study the anti-sliding force before and after deterioration of the anchoring structure and the corrosion rate of the anchor cable after mortar destruction, and can be applied to indoor test simulation of the failure process of the anchor slope with structural surface anchoring in reservoir areas. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a shear test device and a test method for an anchored slope with a structural surface, which realizes the simulation of geological disasters such as deterioration and instability of the anchored slope in the reservoir area under conditions of hydraulic erosion and freeze-thaw cycles.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A shear test device for a slope with structural surface anchoring, comprising: a freeze-thaw cycle device, a water level fluctuation device, a slope model with a structural surface, a prestressed anchoring device, a shear loading device, and a deformation monitoring device; the water level fluctuation device comprises a reservoir and a water level lifting module that changes the water level of the reservoir, the reservoir is located in the freeze-thaw cycle device, the slope model is fixed in the reservoir by a prestressed anchoring device, the shear loading device is installed on the upper part of the slope model, and the anchor cable of the prestressed anchoring device is wrapped with mortar in the slope model;

[0006] The prestressed anchoring device is used to provide anchoring force for the slope model containing the structural surface;

[0007] The freeze-thaw cycle device is used to provide a set temperature environment for the test process;

[0008] The water level fluctuation device is used to provide hydraulic erosion conditions for the slope model;

[0009] The shear loading device is used to apply a sliding force along the structural surface direction to the slope model, providing conditions for the destruction of mortar and anchor cables;

[0010] The slope model destroys the mortar wrapping the anchor cables by sliding at the structural surface, so that the corrosive solution in the reservoir contacts the anchor cables;

[0011] The deformation measuring device is used to monitor the displacement of the landslide body and the deformation characteristics of the structural surface during the test.

[0012] Furthermore, the freeze-thaw cycle device includes an insulation chamber, a thermometer, a heating wire, a refrigerator and a temperature control module connected to the thermometer, the heating wire and the refrigerator. The refrigerator includes an evaporator and a condensing unit. The evaporator is arranged on the inner wall of the insulation chamber, and the condensing unit is arranged on the outer wall of the insulation chamber. The temperature control module adjusts the alternating operation of the heating wire or the refrigerator to make the temperature reach the set value.

[0013] Furthermore, the water level lifting module includes a water storage control module, a water level sensor, a water pump, a fluid replenishment tank, an overflow pipe, a drain pipe and an inlet pipe; the fluid replenishment tank is used to store corrosive solution, the water pump is placed at the bottom of the fluid replenishment tank, and the inlet pipe connects the water pump and the reservoir, and is used to inject the corrosive solution in the fluid replenishment tank into the reservoir; one end of the overflow pipe and the drain pipe is connected to the fluid replenishment tank, and the other end is connected to the reservoir, and a solenoid valve is provided on the drain pipe; the water level sensor is arranged in the reservoir, and is used to measure the water level elevation in the reservoir; the water storage control module is connected to the water level sensor, the water pump and the solenoid valve, and is used to start the water pump or open the solenoid valve on the drain pipe according to the water level elevation measured by the water level sensor, so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the water level change in the reservoir.

[0014] Furthermore, the slope model includes an upper rock block, a structural surface material, a lower rock block and a mortar body. The structural surface material sticks the upper rock block and the lower rock block into an integral structure. The upper rock block is a sliding block, and the lower rock block is a fixed block. The drilled holes of the upper rock block, the structural surface material and the lower rock block are filled with mortar wrapped with anchor cables.

[0015] Furthermore, the prestressed anchoring device includes a pressure collector, an anchor cable, a clamp, a pre-tightening bolt, a plane thrust bearing, an internally threaded sleeve, a dynamometer, a wedge-shaped pad, a pad and a washer;

[0016] The interior of the clamp is conical and is used to clamp the anchor cable. The two ends of the anchor cable are arranged respectively, one end is arranged on the slope surface as a fixed point, and the other end is arranged outside the reservoir as a prestressing point; the washer is arranged between the clamp and the slope surface, and the pad is arranged on the outer wall of the reservoir, followed by a wedge-shaped pad, a dynamometer, an internally threaded sleeve, a pre-tightening bolt, and a plane thrust bearing. The pre-tightening bolt achieves the purpose of pushing and pulling the anchor cable by rotating in the internally threaded sleeve to generate displacement; when the pre-tightening bolt rotates, the clamp at the end of the anchor cable does not rotate; the pressure acquisition instrument is arranged outside the insulation room and connected to the dynamometer to monitor the tension changes of the anchor cable.

[0017] Furthermore, the shear loading device includes a hydraulic jack, a hydraulic pump, a fixed plate, a reaction frame and a hinged plate; the reaction frame is a U-shaped structure made of steel plate, which is reversely fixed to the upper end of the reservoir to provide a reaction force for the hydraulic jack; the hinged plate is fixed to the bottom surface of the reaction frame, and the fixed plate is fixed to the upper rock block. The upper end of the hydraulic jack is hinged to the hinged plate, and the lower end of the hydraulic jack is hinged to the fixed plate. The lower surface of the fixed plate is provided with burrs inserted into the rock block, and the hydraulic pump provides hydraulic pressure for the hydraulic jack.

[0018] Furthermore, the thrust provided by the hydraulic jack is used to calculate the slope normal force and shear force, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] in, is the hydraulic jack thrust; The oil pressure of the jack; is the inner cross-sectional area of ​​the jack; are the inclination angle of the structure surface and the inclination angle of the slope surface, respectively; are the normal force and tangential force on the upper rock slope, respectively; are the normal forces on the upper rock block Normal force components and tangential force components applied on the structural surface of the lower rock mass; are the tangential forces on the upper rock block Normal force components and tangential force components applied on the structural surface of the lower rock mass; The lower rock block is due to the hydraulic jack thrust The resultant normal and tangential forces induced on the structural surface.

[0022] Furthermore, the calculation method of the comprehensive shear strength of the structural surface of the slope model is as follows:

[0023] The shear force of the structural surface is divided into two parts: the normal force of the structural surface under the thrust of the jack and tangential force The shear strength of the structural surface itself , Anchor Cable Provides shear strength And the comprehensive shear strength of the anchored structure surface is equivalently expressed as:

[0024]

[0025] in:

[0026]

[0027] in: is the structural surface cohesion; is the angle between the anchor cable axial force and the structural surface; is the friction angle, is the friction coefficient; is the anchor cable axial force; The structural surface area reinforced by the anchor cable; is the component of the anchor cable axial force in the shear direction of the structural surface; It is the shear stress component caused by the axial force of the anchor cable in the normal direction of the structural surface.

[0028] Furthermore, the deformation measuring device includes a data acquisition instrument, a laser displacement meter and a crack meter which are communicatively connected to the data acquisition instrument;

[0029] The laser displacement meters are arranged two each on the top of the reaction frame and the inner side of the reservoir, for monitoring the vertical and horizontal displacements of the upper rock block; one end of the crack meter is fixed to the inner wall of the reservoir and arranged along the structural surface, and the other end is fixed to the upper rock block, for monitoring the sliding amount of the structural surface; the data acquisition instrument is used to monitor the data of the laser displacement meter and the crack meter.

[0030] A testing method for a shear test device for a structural surface anchored slope, the testing method using the structural surface anchored slope shear test device for testing, comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) Place the reservoir in a warm room, connect the water pump and the water inlet pipe, install an overflow pipe, a drain pipe, and a water inlet pipe between the reservoir and the rehydration tank, and inject the corrosive solution into the rehydration tank; install a water level sensor in the reservoir; connect the lines of the water pump, solenoid valve, and water level sensor to the water storage control module; connect the lines of the heating wire, refrigerator, and thermometer to the temperature control module;

[0032] (2) Using rock materials or rock-like materials to make the upper rock block and the lower rock block, and drilling a number of holes at corresponding positions; pouring a layer of mortar between the two rock blocks, and placing them at corresponding positions of the reservoir;

[0033] (3) Drill holes at the corresponding positions of the reservoir side wall, install anchor cables, clamps, pre-tightening bolts, plane thrust bearings, dynamometers, gaskets, and internal threaded sleeves. After installation, use hot melt adhesive to seal the pores in the reservoir side wall to prevent the solution from flowing out of the reservoir; connect the communication line of the dynamometer to the pressure acquisition instrument, tension the anchor cables to make the prestress reach the design value; and fill the drilled holes with mortar;

[0034] (4) Roughen the surface of the upper rock block, apply epoxy resin glue, and install the fixing plate; install the reaction frame on the upper part of the reservoir, fix the hinged plate on the bottom of the reaction frame, fix the fixing plate on the slope of the upper rock block, insert the burrs under the fixing plate into the upper rock block, install the hydraulic jack between the hinged plate and the fixing plate, and connect the oil pipe of the hydraulic jack to the hydraulic pump for pre-compression;

[0035] (5) Install two laser displacement meters above the reaction frame, with the laser points projected onto the upper and lower edges of the upper rock block respectively; install two laser displacement meters on the side wall of the reservoir, with the laser points projected onto the upper and lower edges of the upper rock block respectively; install a crack meter, with one end fixed to the side wall of the reservoir and the other end fixed to the structural surface of the upper rock block; connect the lines of the laser displacement meter and the crack meter to the data acquisition instrument;

[0036] (6) Set the temperature value of the temperature control module at different times, and the temperature range is: -20℃~80℃; set the water level value of the water storage control module at different times; start the pump when the water level in the reservoir needs to rise, and inject water from the replenishment tank into the reservoir; open the solenoid valve when the water level in the reservoir needs to drop, and drain water from the reservoir to the replenishment tank;

[0037] (7) According to the test requirements, when the slope needs to be sheared, a hydraulic pump is used to apply oil pressure to the jack, record the oil pressure, and convert it into thrust. ; and monitor the displacement changes of the upper rock block;

[0038] (8) According to steps (1) to (7), the shear test process of the structural surface anchored slope and the indoor simulation test of the slope deformation can be realized.

[0039] The present invention realizes the automatic control of temperature, hydraulic erosion and shearing process, as well as the automatic monitoring function of shearing force, anchor cable prestress and sliding deformation of structural surface; by injecting and discharging solutions into the reservoir and changing the temperature, the water level fluctuation and freeze-thaw cycle conditions in the reservoir area are taken into account, and the real environment of the anchored slope in the reservoir area is simulated; the slope model and shearing device containing the structural surface realize the experimental simulation of the shear failure process of the anchored slope; and the anti-sliding force loss rate before and after the deterioration of the anchoring structure and the corrosion rate of the anchor cable after the mortar is destroyed can be studied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the system architecture of a shear test device for a slope with structural surface anchoring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the freeze-thaw cycle device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water level fluctuation device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a slope model in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a prestressed anchoring device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shear loading device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a deformation monitoring device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of normal force and shear force on upper and lower rock blocks caused by the thrust of the hydraulic jack in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the upper rock block and (b) is the lower rock block;

[0049] Fig. 9 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the normal force and shear force on the upper and lower rock blocks and the force on the anchor cable under the combined action of the thrust of the hydraulic jack and the axial force of the anchor cable in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Among them: 1-freeze-thaw cycle device; 2-water level fluctuation device; 3-slope model; 4-prestressed anchor device; 5-shear loading device; 6-deformation monitoring device; 101-temperature control module; 102-thermometer; 103-insulation chamber; 104-heating wire; 105-refrigerator; 201-water storage control module; 202-water level sensor; 203-water pump; 204-liquid replenishment tank; 205-reservoir; 206-overflow pipe; 207-drain pipe; 208-water inlet pipe; 209-corrosive solution; 210-solenoid valve; 301-upper rock block ; 302—structural surface material; 303—lower rock block; 304—mortar body; 401—pressure acquisition instrument; 402—anchor cable; 403—clamp; 404—preload bolt; 405—plane thrust bearing; 406—internal thread sleeve; 407—dynamometer; 408—wedge-shaped pad; 409—pad; 410—washer; 501—hydraulic jack; 502—hydraulic pump; 503—pressure gauge; 504—fixed plate; 505—reaction frame; 506—hinge plate; 601—data acquisition instrument; 602—laser displacement meter; 603—crack meter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a shear test device for a slope with a structural surface anchor, comprising a freeze-thaw cycle device 1, a water level fluctuation device 2, a slope model 3, a prestressed anchor device 4, a shear loading device 5, and a deformation monitoring device 6.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the overall structure of the freeze-thaw cycle device 1 includes a heat preservation chamber 103, a thermometer 102 arranged in the heat preservation chamber 103, a heating wire 104, a refrigerator 105, and a temperature control module 101 connected to the thermometer 102, the heating wire 104, and the refrigerator 105

[0054] The temperature control module 101 is arranged outside the insulation chamber 103, and is used to control the heating wire 104 and the refrigerator 105 to stabilize the temperature at a set value; the heating wire 104 is arranged on the top of the insulation chamber 103, and the refrigerator 105 includes an evaporator 106 and a condensing unit 107, the evaporator 106 is arranged on the inner wall of the insulation chamber 103, and the condensing unit 107 is arranged on the outer wall of the insulation chamber 103; the thermometer 102 is arranged on the top of the insulation chamber 103.

[0055] The temperature control module 101 adjusts the alternating operation of the heating wire 104 or the refrigerator 105 to make the temperature reach the set value; the heating wire 104 heats up the insulation chamber 103; the refrigerator 105 cools down the insulation chamber 103; the insulation chamber 103 is a closed container composed of an insulation board, which reduces the heat exchange between the indoor environment and the external environment to achieve the purpose of maintaining a constant temperature; the thermometer 102 measures the actual temperature value, and the data is transmitted back to the temperature control module 101.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, the structure of the water level rising and falling device 2 includes a reservoir 205 and a water level rising and falling module that changes the water level of the reservoir 205. The water level rising and falling module includes a water storage control module 201, a water level sensor 202, a water pump 203, a liquid replenishment tank 204, an overflow pipe 206, a drain pipe 207 and a water inlet pipe 208.

[0057] The water reservoir 205 is a U-shaped groove made of steel plate. The water level sensor 202 is arranged in the water reservoir 205 to measure the water level in the water reservoir 205 and transmit the data to the water storage control module 201. The liquid replenishment tank 204 is used to store the corrosive solution 209. The liquid replenishment tank 204 is arranged outside the insulation chamber 103 and is slightly lower than the insulation chamber 103. The water pump 203 is placed at the bottom of the liquid replenishment tank 204 and is connected to the water reservoir 205 through the water inlet pipe 208. Connection; one end of the overflow pipe 206 and the drain pipe 207 is connected to the liquid replenishment tank 204, and the other end is connected to the reservoir 205; the drain pipe 207 is provided with the solenoid valve 210 to control whether the pipeline is connected, and the overflow pipe 206 is used to drain water into the liquid replenishment tank 204 when the water level is higher than the limit liquid level to prevent the water level from being higher than the limit liquid level of the reservoir 205; the drain pipe 207 is arranged at the lowest liquid level of the reservoir 205, and is used to drain water to the liquid replenishment tank 204 when the water level needs to be lowered.

[0058] The water storage control module 201 is arranged outside the insulation chamber 103, and is connected to the water level sensor 202, the water pump 203 and the solenoid valve 210, and is used to start the water pump 203 or issue an opening instruction to the solenoid valve 210 on the drain pipe 207 according to the water level measured by the water level sensor 202, so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the water level change of the reservoir 205; the water storage control module 201 controls the opening or closing of the solenoid valve 210, and the solenoid valve 210 is in an open state when the water level needs to be lowered, and can discharge the corrosive solution in the reservoir 205; the water storage control module 201 can set the switching time of the water pump 203, and turn off the water pump 203 when the water level of the reservoir 205 reaches the pumping time of the set height, and turn on the water pump 203 when water needs to be stored.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the structure of the slope model 3 includes an upper rock block 301 , a structural surface material 302 , a lower rock block 303 and a mortar body 304 .

[0060] The structural surface material 302 adheres the upper rock block 301 and the lower rock block 303 into an integral structure, and the mortar body 304 is filled in the drilled holes of the three to wrap the anchor cable 402 inside. The upper rock block 301 is a sliding block, and the lower rock block 303 is a fixed block. The structural surface material 302 is used to fill the space between the two. The inclination angle of the structural surface is α, and the inclination angle of the slope surface of the upper rock block 301 is β. Six holes with a diameter of 50 mm are drilled in the direction perpendicular to the structural surface, and filled with the mortar body 304. The anchor cable 402 is passed through the inside of the mortar body 304.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, the structure of the prestressed anchoring device 4 includes a pressure collector 401, an anchor cable 402, a clamp 403, a pre-tightening bolt 404, a planar thrust bearing 405, an internally threaded sleeve 406, a dynamometer 407, a wedge-shaped pad 408, a pad 409 and a washer 410.

[0062] The pressure collector 401 is arranged outside the insulation chamber 103 and connected to the dynamometer 407 to monitor the tension change of the anchor cable 402; the anchor cable 402 passes through the upper rock block 301, the structural surface material 302, and the lower rock block 303 to tighten the three; a gasket 410 is arranged on the upper surface of the upper rock block 301, and a pad 409, a wedge-shaped pad 408, a dynamometer 407, an internal threaded sleeve 406, a pre-tightening bolt 404, a plane thrust bearing 405, and a clamp 403 are arranged in sequence on the outside of the reservoir 205.

[0063] The interior of the clamp 403 is conical and used to clamp the anchor cable 402. The two ends of the anchor cable 402 are arranged respectively. One end is arranged on the slope surface as a fixed point, and the other end is arranged outside the reservoir 205 as a prestressing point. The pads are divided into wedge-shaped pads 408, pads 409, and washers 410. The washers 410 are arranged between the clamp 403 and the slope surface. The pads 409 are arranged on the outer wall of the reservoir 205. Then the wedge-shaped pads 408, dynamometers 407, internal threaded sleeves 406, and the internal threaded sleeves 407 are arranged in sequence. 06 has a threaded interior and a square exterior, serving as a fulcrum for the wrench; then the pre-tightening bolt 404 is arranged, and the pre-tightening bolt 404 achieves the purpose of pushing and pulling the anchor cable 402 by rotating in the internally threaded sleeve 406; then the planar thrust bearing 405 is arranged, so that when the pre-tightening bolt 404 rotates, the clamp 403 at the end of the anchor cable 402 does not rotate; there are holes in the middle of the above components to allow the anchor cable 402 to pass through; the pressure collector 401 is arranged outside the insulation chamber 103 to monitor and record changes in the tension of the anchor cable.

[0064] like Figure 6 , the structure of the shear loading device 5 is shown, including a hydraulic jack 501 , a hydraulic pump 502 , a pressure gauge 503 , a fixing plate 504 , a reaction frame 505 and a hinged plate 506 .

[0065] The hydraulic pump 502 is arranged outside the insulation chamber 103. The reaction frame 505 is a U-shaped structure made of steel plate, fixed to the upper end of the reservoir 205. The bottom surface of the reaction frame 505 is fixed to the hinge plate 506. The upper end of the hydraulic jack 501 is hinged to the hinge plate 506. The lower end of the hydraulic jack 501 is hinged to the fixed plate 504. The fixed plate 504 is fixed to the slope of the upper rock block 301. The burrs under the fixed plate 504 are inserted into the upper rock block 301 to prevent the fixed plate and the rock block from moving. The hydraulic jack 501 provides sliding force for the slope structure surface; the hydraulic pump 502 provides hydraulic pressure for the hydraulic jack 501; the hydraulic pump 502 has a pressure gauge that can display the hydraulic oil pressure.

[0066] like Figure 7 As shown, the structure of the deformation monitoring device 6 includes a data acquisition device 601 , a laser displacement meter 602 and a crack meter 603 which are communicatively connected to the data acquisition device 601 .

[0067] The data acquisition instrument 601 is arranged outside the insulation chamber 103, and is used to record the data of the laser displacement meter 602 and the crack meter 603; two laser displacement meters 602 are arranged on the top of the reaction frame 505 and the inner side of the reservoir 205, respectively, to monitor the vertical and horizontal displacements of the upper rock block 301; one end of the crack meter 603 is fixed to the inner wall of the reservoir 205 and arranged along the structural surface, and the other end is fixed to the upper rock block 301 to monitor the sliding amount of the structural surface.

[0068] The slope model 3 is installed in the reservoir 205 of the water level fluctuation device 2, and the two are fixed as a whole by the prestressed anchor device 4. The shear loading device 5 is installed on the slope model 3 and the water level fluctuation device 2, and placed in the insulation chamber 103 of the freeze-thaw cycle device 1; the overflow pipe 206, the drain pipe 207, and the water inlet pipe 208 of the water level fluctuation device 2 are connected to the reservoir 205; the temperature control module 101 controls the heating wire 104 and the refrigerator 105 to make the temperature reach the set value, the water storage control module 201 adjusts the water level elevation in the reservoir 205, the pressure acquisition instrument 401 monitors the tension change of the anchor cable 402, and the data acquisition instrument 601 records the data of the laser displacement meter 602 and the crack meter 603.

[0069] The thrust provided by the hydraulic jack is used to calculate the slope normal force and shear force, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] in, is the hydraulic jack thrust; The oil pressure of the jack; is the inner cross-sectional area of ​​the jack; are the inclination angle of the structure surface and the inclination angle of the slope surface, respectively; are the normal force and tangential force on the upper rock slope, respectively; are the normal forces on the upper rock block Normal force components and tangential force components applied on the structural surface of the lower rock mass; are the tangential forces on the upper rock block Normal force components and tangential force components applied on the structural surface of the lower rock mass; The lower rock block is due to the hydraulic jack thrust The resultant normal and tangential forces induced on the structural surface.

[0073] The calculation method of the comprehensive shear strength of the structural surface of the slope model is as follows:

[0074] The shear force of the structural surface is divided into two parts: the normal force of the structural surface under the thrust of the jack and tangential force The shear strength of the structural surface itself , Anchor Cable Provides shear strength And the comprehensive shear strength of the anchored structure surface is equivalently expressed as:

[0075]

[0076] in:

[0077]

[0078] in: is the structural surface cohesion; is the angle between the anchor cable axial force and the structural surface (after deformation); is the friction angle, is the friction coefficient; is the axial force of the anchor cable (including prestress); The structural surface area reinforced by the anchor cable; is the component of the anchor cable axial force in the shear direction of the structural surface; It is the shear stress component caused by the axial force of the anchor cable in the normal direction of the structural surface.

[0079] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a testing method for the structural surface anchored slope shear test device provided by the basic invention, comprising the following steps:

[0080] (1) The water reservoir 205 is placed in the insulation chamber 103, the water pump 203 is connected to the water inlet pipe 208, an overflow pipe 206, a drain pipe 207, and a water inlet pipe 208 are installed between the water reservoir 205 and the liquid replenishment tank 204, and an erosive solution 209 is injected into the liquid replenishment tank 204; a water level sensor 202 is installed in the water reservoir 205; the lines of the water pump 203, the solenoid valve 210, and the water level sensor 202 are connected to the water storage control module 201; the lines of the heating wire 104, the refrigerator 105, and the thermometer 102 are connected to the temperature control module 101;

[0081] (2) Using rock material or rock-like material to make upper and lower rock blocks (301, 303), and drilling 6 holes with a diameter of 50 mm at corresponding positions respectively; pouring a layer of mortar 304 between the two rock blocks, and placing them at corresponding positions of the reservoir 205;

[0082] (3) Drill holes at the corresponding positions of the side wall of the reservoir 205, install anchor cables 402, clamps 403, pre-tightening bolts 404, plane thrust bearings 405, dynamometers 407, wedge-shaped pads 408, and internally threaded sleeves 406. After installation, use hot melt adhesive to seal the pores in the side wall of the reservoir to prevent the solution from flowing out of the reservoir; connect the communication line of the dynamometer 407 to the pressure acquisition instrument 401, tension the anchor cables to make the prestress reach the design value; and fill the drilled holes with mortar;

[0083] (4) Roughen the surface of the upper rock block 301, apply epoxy resin glue, and install the fixing plate 504; install the U-shaped reaction frame 505 on the upper part of the reservoir 205, install the hydraulic jack 501, and connect its oil pipe to the hydraulic pump 502 for pre-compression;

[0084] (5) Install two laser displacement meters 602 above the U-shaped reaction frame 505, with the laser points projected onto the upper edge and lower edge of the upper rock block 301 respectively; install two laser displacement meters 602 on the side wall of the reservoir 205, with the laser points projected onto the upper edge and lower edge of the upper rock block 301 respectively; install a crack meter 603, with one end fixed to the side wall of the reservoir 205 and the other end fixed to the structural surface of the upper rock block 301; connect the lines of the laser displacement meter 602 and the crack meter 603 to the data acquisition instrument 601;

[0085] (6) Setting the temperature values ​​of the temperature control module 101 at different times, the temperature range is: -20℃~80℃; setting the water level values ​​of the water storage control module 201 at different times; starting the pump 203 when the water level in the reservoir 205 needs to be raised, and injecting water from the liquid replenishment tank 204 into the reservoir 205; opening the solenoid valve 210 when the water level in the reservoir 205 needs to be lowered, and draining water from the reservoir 205 to the liquid replenishment tank 204;

[0086] (7) According to the test requirements, when the slope needs to be sheared, the hydraulic pump 502 is used to apply oil pressure to the hydraulic jack 501, and the oil pressure is recorded and converted into thrust. ; and monitor the displacement change of the upper rock block 301;

[0087] (8) According to steps (1) to (7), the shear test process of the slope with structural surface anchoring and the indoor simulation test of slope deformation can be realized.

[0088] The present invention has the following characteristics:

[0089] 1. The slope model with structural surface and shear device in the device realizes the experimental simulation of the shear failure process of the anchored slope;

[0090] 2. The device realizes the automatic control of temperature, hydraulic erosion and shear process during the test, as well as the automatic monitoring function of shear force, anchor cable prestress and structural surface sliding deformation.

[0091] 3. The device takes into account the fluctuation of water level and freeze-thaw cycle conditions in the reservoir area by injecting and discharging solutions and changing the temperature, simulating the real environment of the anchored slope in the reservoir area;

[0092] 4. The device can study the anti-sliding force loss rate before and after the anchor structure deteriorates and the corrosion rate of the anchor cable after mortar destruction.

[0093] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shear test device for a slope with structural surface anchoring, characterized in that: include: A freeze-thaw cycle device, a water level fluctuation device, a slope model including a structural surface, a prestressed anchoring device, a shear loading device and a deformation monitoring device; the water level fluctuation device includes a reservoir and a water level lifting module that changes the water level of the reservoir, the reservoir is located in the freeze-thaw cycle device, the slope model is fixed in the reservoir by a prestressed anchoring device, the shear loading device is installed on the upper part of the slope model, and the anchor cable of the prestressed anchoring device is wrapped with mortar in the slope model; The prestressed anchoring device is used to provide anchoring force for the slope model containing the structural surface; The freeze-thaw cycle device is used to provide a set temperature environment for the test process; The water level fluctuation device is used to provide hydraulic erosion conditions for the slope model; The shear loading device is used to apply a sliding force along the structural surface direction to the slope model, providing conditions for the destruction of mortar and anchor cables; The slope model destroys the mortar wrapping the anchor cables by sliding at the structural surface, so that the corrosive solution in the reservoir contacts the anchor cables; The deformation monitoring device is used to monitor the displacement of the landslide body and the deformation characteristics of the structural surface during the test; The water level lifting module includes a water storage control module, a water level sensor, a water pump, a liquid replenishment tank, an overflow pipe, a drain pipe and a water inlet pipe; the liquid replenishment tank is used to store corrosive solution, the water pump is placed at the bottom of the liquid replenishment tank, and the water inlet pipe connects the water pump and the reservoir, and is used to inject the corrosive solution in the liquid replenishment tank into the reservoir; one end of the overflow pipe and the drain pipe is connected to the liquid replenishment tank, and the other end is connected to the reservoir, and a solenoid valve is provided on the drain pipe; the water level sensor is arranged in the reservoir, and is used to measure the water level elevation in the reservoir; the water storage control module is connected to the water level sensor, the water pump and the solenoid valve, and is used to start the water pump or open the solenoid valve on the drain pipe according to the water level elevation measured by the water level sensor, so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the water level change of the reservoir; The slope model comprises an upper rock block, a structural surface material, a lower rock block and a mortar body, wherein the structural surface material sticks the upper rock block and the lower rock block into an integral structure, the upper rock block is a sliding block, and the lower rock block is a fixed block, and the mortar wrapped with the anchor cable is filled in the drill holes of the upper rock block, the structural surface material and the lower rock block; The shear loading device includes a hydraulic jack, a hydraulic pump, a fixing plate, a reaction frame and a hinged plate; the reaction frame is a U-shaped structure made of steel plates, which is reversely fixed to the upper end of the reservoir to provide a reaction force for the hydraulic jack; the bottom surface of the reaction frame is fixed with the hinged plate, the fixing plate is fixed to the upper rock block, the upper end of the hydraulic jack is hinged with the hinged plate, the lower end of the hydraulic jack is hinged with the fixing plate, the lower surface of the fixing plate is provided with burrs inserted into the upper rock block, and the hydraulic pump provides hydraulic pressure for the hydraulic jack; The thrust provided by the hydraulic jack is used to calculate the slope normal force and shear force, and the calculation formula is as follows: ； ； in, is the hydraulic jack thrust; The oil pressure of the jack; is the inner cross-sectional area of ​​the jack; are the inclination angle of the structure surface and the inclination angle of the slope surface, respectively; are the normal force and tangential force on the upper rock slope, respectively; and are the normal forces on the upper rock block Normal force components and tangential force components exerted on the structural surface of the lower rock mass; and are the tangential forces on the upper rock block Normal force components and tangential force components exerted on the structural surface of the lower rock mass; The lower rock block is due to the hydraulic jack thrust The resultant normal and tangential forces induced on the structural surface; The calculation method of the comprehensive shear strength of the structural surface of the slope model is as follows: The shear force of the structural surface is divided into two parts: the normal force of the structural surface under the thrust of the jack and tangential force The shear strength of the structural surface itself , shear strength provided by the anchor cable And the comprehensive shear strength of the anchored structure surface is equivalently expressed as: ； in: ； in: is the structural surface cohesion; is the angle between the anchor cable axial force and the structural surface; is the friction angle, is the friction coefficient; is the anchor cable axial force; The structural surface area reinforced by the anchor cable; is the component of the anchor cable axial force in the shear direction of the structural surface; It is the shear stress component caused by the axial force of the anchor cable in the normal direction of the structural surface.

2. A shear test device for a slope with structural surface anchoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The freeze-thaw cycle device includes an insulation chamber, a thermometer, a heating wire and a refrigerator arranged in the insulation chamber, and a temperature control module connected to the thermometer, the heating wire and the refrigerator. The refrigerator includes an evaporator and a condensing unit. The evaporator is arranged on the inner wall of the insulation chamber, and the condensing unit is arranged on the outer wall of the insulation chamber. The temperature control module adjusts the alternating operation of the heating wire or the refrigerator to make the temperature reach the set value.

3. A shear test device for a slope with structural surface anchoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The prestressed anchoring device includes a pressure collector, an anchor cable, a clamp, a pre-tightening bolt, a plane thrust bearing, an internally threaded sleeve, a dynamometer, a wedge-shaped pad, a pad and a washer; The interior of the clamp is conical and is used to clamp the anchor cable. The two ends of the anchor cable are arranged respectively, one end is arranged on the slope surface as a fixed point, and the other end is arranged outside the reservoir as a prestressing point; the washer is arranged between the clamp and the slope surface, and the pad is arranged on the outer wall of the reservoir, followed by a wedge-shaped pad, a dynamometer, an internally threaded sleeve, a pre-tightening bolt and a plane thrust bearing. The pre-tightening bolt achieves the purpose of pushing and pulling the anchor cable by rotating in the internally threaded sleeve to generate displacement; when the pre-tightening bolt rotates, the clamp at the end of the anchor cable does not rotate; the pressure acquisition instrument is arranged outside the insulation room and connected to the dynamometer to monitor the tension change of the anchor cable.

4. A shear test device for a slope with structural surface anchoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The deformation monitoring device includes a data acquisition device, a laser displacement meter and a crack meter which are communicatively connected to the data acquisition device; The laser displacement meters are arranged two each on the top of the reaction frame and the inner side of the reservoir, for monitoring the vertical and horizontal displacements of the upper rock block; one end of the crack meter is fixed to the inner wall of the reservoir and arranged along the structural surface, and the other end is fixed to the upper rock block, for monitoring the sliding amount of the structural surface; the data acquisition instrument is used to monitor the data of the laser displacement meter and the crack meter.

5. A test method for a shear test device for a structural surface anchored slope, characterized in that: The test method adopts the structural surface anchored slope shear test device of claim 4 to perform the test, and comprises the following steps: (1) Place the reservoir in a warm room, connect the water pump and the water inlet pipe, install an overflow pipe, a drain pipe and a water inlet pipe between the reservoir and the rehydration tank, and inject the corrosive solution into the rehydration tank; install a water level sensor in the reservoir; connect the lines of the water pump, the solenoid valve and the water level sensor to the water storage control module; connect the lines of the heating wire, the refrigerator and the thermometer to the temperature control module; (2) Using rock materials or rock-like materials to make the upper rock block and the lower rock block, and drilling a number of holes at corresponding positions; pouring a layer of mortar between the two rock blocks, and placing them at corresponding positions of the reservoir; (3) Drill holes at the corresponding positions of the reservoir side wall, install anchor cables, clamps, preload bolts, plane thrust bearings, dynamometers, wedge-shaped pads and internally threaded sleeves, and after installation, use hot melt adhesive to seal the pores in the reservoir side wall to prevent the solution from flowing out of the reservoir; connect the communication line of the dynamometer to the pressure acquisition instrument, tension the anchor cables to make the prestress reach the design value; and fill the drilled holes with mortar; (4) Roughen the surface of the upper rock block, apply epoxy resin glue, and install the fixing plate; install the reaction frame on the upper part of the reservoir, fix the hinged plate on the bottom of the reaction frame, fix the fixing plate on the slope of the upper rock block, insert the burrs under the fixing plate into the upper rock block, install the hydraulic jack between the hinged plate and the fixing plate, and connect the oil pipe of the hydraulic jack to the hydraulic pump for pre-compression; (5) Install two laser displacement meters above the reaction frame, with the laser points projected onto the upper and lower edges of the upper rock block respectively; install two laser displacement meters on the side wall of the reservoir, with the laser points projected onto the upper and lower edges of the upper rock block respectively; install a crack meter, with one end fixed to the side wall of the reservoir and the other end fixed to the structural surface of the upper rock block; connect the lines of the laser displacement meter and the crack meter to the data acquisition instrument; (6) Set the temperature value of the temperature control module at different times, and the temperature range is: -20℃~80℃; set the water level value of the water storage control module at different times; start the pump when the water level in the reservoir needs to rise, and inject water from the replenishment tank into the reservoir; open the solenoid valve when the water level in the reservoir needs to drop, and drain water from the reservoir to the replenishment tank; (7) According to the test requirements, when the slope needs to be sheared, a hydraulic pump is used to apply oil pressure to the hydraulic jack, the oil pressure is recorded, and converted into the thrust provided by the hydraulic jack. ; and monitor the displacement changes of the upper rock block; (8) According to steps (1) to (7), the shear test process of the anchored slope with structural surface and the indoor simulation test of slope deformation can be realized, and the anti-sliding force loss rate before and after the degradation of the anchor structure and the corrosion rate of the anchor cable after the mortar is destroyed can be studied.

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