Geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen rock interaction simulation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen rock interaction simulation method. The geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen rock interaction simulation method comprises the step of providing a geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen rock interaction simulation device. The method has the beneficial effects that the rock core, the hydrogen and the water are sealed in the reaction kettle for reaction; the diffusion coefficient, permeability and porosity of the rock core, the seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long rock core holder, the seepage velocity of an aqueous solution in the long rock core holder and the velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long rock core holder are respectively measured before and after the reaction, and comparison is carried out, so that the content of the hydrogen in the long rock core holder is determined. The influence of the water-hydrogen-rock reaction on the physical property and the seepage characteristic of the rock core is obtained, so that the influence of the water-hydrogen-rock interaction on the physical property and the seepage characteristic of the reservoir in the geological hydrogen storage process is simulated, and theoretical guidance is provided for further development of the geological hydrogen storage technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological hydrogen storage, and in particular to a method for simulating water-hydrogen-rock interaction in geological hydrogen storage. Background Art

[0002] As a low-carbon and clean energy, hydrogen plays an important role in achieving energy transformation and is a key component of the future energy system. Governments of various countries have introduced relevant policies to vigorously support the development of the hydrogen energy industry in order to occupy a favorable position in the future energy landscape. At present, hydrogen energy has demonstrated quite mature technical applications and market potential in the "hydrogen production end" and "hydrogen use end". However, the overall development of the hydrogen energy industry is still constrained by "hydrogen storage" technology. The imperfection of hydrogen storage technology not only affects the transportation efficiency of hydrogen, but also limits its application in more fields. Therefore, it has become an urgent task to increase the research and development of hydrogen storage technology and break through technical bottlenecks to promote the further development of the hydrogen energy industry.

[0003] Geological hydrogen storage is a technology that uses underground space for large-scale hydrogen storage. It includes salt cavern storage, depleted gas reservoir storage, aquifer storage, and rock cave storage. Salt cavern storage is to create caves in thick underground salt layers through water-soluble mining to form space for gas storage. Salt rock has good low permeability, which can effectively prevent hydrogen leakage and can achieve high-frequency storage and release. Depleted gas reservoir hydrogen storage uses exhausted oil and gas reservoirs, which have the advantages of large volume, good sealing, and wide distribution. They can make use of existing underground space and formation pressure differences, and can make extensive use of existing ground and underground facilities to reduce initial construction costs. Aquifer storage stores hydrogen by injecting gas into the cap layer to displace water in the aquifer. Aquifer storage can provide large-scale hydrogen storage solutions under suitable geographical locations and formation conditions. Rock cave storage is to dig caves underground to store hydrogen, with flexible site selection and high-purity hydrogen storage.

[0004] Geological gas storage has been widely used and is technically mature. These technologies provide valuable experience for geological hydrogen storage. However, compared with natural gas and air, hydrogen has a stronger permeability and may break through the geological closure of the hydrogen storage reservoir, increasing the risk of leakage accidents. At the same time, hydrogen may also react chemically with the surrounding rock of the reservoir, resulting in a decrease in purity. Therefore, it is necessary to study these interactions. However, research in this field at home and abroad is still in its infancy and lacks corresponding research equipment. In order to promote the development of this field, it is urgent to build a corresponding experimental system to promote the development of geological hydrogen storage technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical deficiencies and propose a method for simulating water-hydrogen-rock interaction in geological hydrogen storage, which is used to study the influence of water-hydrogen-rock interaction on reservoir properties and seepage characteristics during geological hydrogen storage.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for simulating the interaction between water, hydrogen and rock in geological hydrogen storage, comprising:

[0008] S1. A geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen-rock interaction simulation device is provided, wherein the geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen-rock interaction simulation device comprises a hydrogen supply system, a diffusion and permeability characteristic test module, a porosity test module, a long core test module and a reaction simulation experiment module, wherein the long core test module comprises a long core holder and a water solution injection mechanism, one end of the long core holder is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen supply system, the outlet of the water solution injection mechanism is connected to one end of the long core holder, and the reaction simulation experiment module comprises a reactor, and the air inlet of the reactor is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen supply system;

[0009] S2, obtaining a number of cores, testing the first diffusion coefficient and the first permeability of each core through a diffusion permeability test module, testing the first porosity of each core through a porosity test module, sequentially loading each core into the long core holder, injecting hydrogen into the long core holder through a hydrogen supply system, measuring the first seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder, injecting aqueous solution into the long core holder through an aqueous solution injection mechanism, measuring the first seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder, injecting hydrogen into the long core holder through a hydrogen supply system, displacing the aqueous solution in each core in the long core holder with hydrogen, and measuring the first velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder;

[0010] S3, drying each core and placing it into a reactor, adding a preset volume of aqueous solution into the reactor, injecting a preset volume of hydrogen into the reactor through a hydrogen supply system, and maintaining it for a period of time;

[0011] S4, taking out each core and drying it, then testing the second diffusion coefficient and the second permeability of each core through the diffusion permeability characteristic test module, testing the second porosity of each core through the porosity test module, sequentially loading each core into the long core holder, injecting hydrogen into the long core holder through the hydrogen supply system, measuring the second seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder, then injecting aqueous solution into the long core holder through the aqueous solution injection mechanism, measuring the second seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder, then injecting hydrogen into the long core holder through the hydrogen supply system, hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in each core in the long core holder, and measuring the second velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder;

[0012] S5. Compare the first diffusion coefficient, the first permeability, the first porosity, the first seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder, the first seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder, and the first velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder with the second diffusion coefficient, the second permeability, the second porosity, the second seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder, the second seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder, and the second velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder, respectively, to obtain the influence of water-hydrogen-rock reaction on the core physical properties and seepage characteristics.

[0013] In some embodiments, the hydrogen supply system includes a hydrogen cylinder, a hydrogen booster pump, a hydrogen booster pipeline, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline, a hydrogen supply pipeline, a hydrogen supply pressure sensor, a first valve, a second valve and a third valve. The hydrogen booster pump and the first valve are installed on the hydrogen booster pipeline, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve, the second valve and the third valve are installed on the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline, one end of the hydrogen booster pipeline and one end of the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline are both connected to the outlet of the hydrogen cylinder, the other end of the hydrogen booster pipeline and the other end of the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline are both connected to one end of the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the hydrogen supply pressure sensor is installed on the hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0014] In some embodiments, the geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen-rock interaction simulation method also includes an axial confining pressure supply system, which includes an axial confining pressure loading medium container, an axial confining pressure booster pump, an axial confining pressure loading pipeline, an axial confining pressure pressure sensor, and a fourth valve. One end of the axial confining pressure loading pipeline is connected to the axial confining pressure loading medium container, and the other end is connected to a diffusion permeability characteristics test module and a long core test module. The axial confining pressure loading pipeline is sequentially installed with an axial confining pressure booster pump, a fourth valve and an axial confining pressure pressure sensor.

[0015] In some embodiments, the diffusion permeability characteristic test module includes a core holder, a holder heating sleeve, a first temperature sensor, a hydrogen inlet pipe, an upstream pressure sensor, a downstream pressure sensor, an upstream standard chamber, a downstream standard chamber, a gas flow meter, an upstream pipeline, a downstream pipeline, a steady-state method pipeline, a transient method pipeline, an axial pressure loading pipeline, a confining pressure loading pipeline and an upstream and downstream connecting pipeline. The core holder is connected to the axial pressure loading pipeline and the confining pressure loading pipeline. The axial pressure loading pipeline and the confining pressure loading pipeline are connected to the other end of the axial confining pressure loading pipeline. The pressure can be injected through the axial confining pressure supply system to simulate the original rock stress condition. The core holder is wrapped with the holder heating pipe. The core holder is provided with a heat-shrink sleeve, the first temperature sensor is installed on the outside of the core holder; one end of the hydrogen inlet pipe is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline, the upstream pressure sensor and the upstream standard chamber are installed on the hydrogen inlet pipe, the other end of the hydrogen inlet pipe is connected to the upstream pipeline, the upstream pipeline is composed of multiple pipelines connected in parallel, the upstream pipeline is connected to one end of the core holder, the other end of the core holder is connected to the downstream pipeline, the other ends of all downstream pipelines are connected to the transient method pipeline, the two ends of the upstream and downstream connecting pipelines are respectively connected to the upstream pipeline and the downstream pipeline, the transient method pipeline is installed with the downstream pressure sensor and the downstream standard chamber, and is connected to the transient method pipeline, and the transient method pipeline is installed with a gas flow meter.

[0016] In some embodiments, the porosity testing module includes a porosity standard chamber pressure sensor, a porosity testing standard chamber, a porosity testing sample chamber, a porosity testing pipeline and a hydrogen concentration sensor. One end of the porosity testing pipeline is connected to a hydrogen supply pipeline, and the other end is connected to a waste gas treatment and venting module. The porosity standard chamber pressure sensor, the porosity testing standard chamber and the porosity testing sample chamber are sequentially installed on the porosity testing pipeline.

[0017] In some embodiments, the porosity testing module includes a porosity standard chamber pressure sensor, a porosity testing standard chamber, a porosity testing sample chamber, a porosity testing pipeline, and a hydrogen concentration sensor. One end of the porosity testing pipeline is connected to a hydrogen supply pipeline, and the other end is connected to a waste gas treatment venting module. The porosity standard chamber pressure sensor, the porosity testing standard chamber, and the porosity testing sample chamber are sequentially installed on the porosity testing pipeline.

[0018] In some embodiments, the long core test module includes a long core holder, a long core heating sleeve, a second temperature sensor, several long core pore pressure sensors, a water container, an aqueous solution booster pump, an aqueous solution pressure sensor, a gas-water separator, a waste liquid collection container, a hydrogen inlet pipe, an aqueous solution supply pipeline, a long core upstream pipeline, a long core downstream pipeline, a long core axial pressure pipeline, and a long core confining pressure pipeline. The length-to-diameter ratio of the core clamped by the long core holder is greater than 2:1. The long core holder is connected to the long core axial pressure pipeline and the long core confining pressure pipeline. The long core axial pressure pipeline and the long core confining pressure pipeline are connected to the axial confining pressure loading pipeline. The long core holder is wrapped with a long core heating sleeve on the outside, and the long core holder is equipped with a second temperature sensor on the outside, which can monitor the core in the core holder in real time. Temperature, to achieve feedback regulation of temperature control, a plurality of pressure measuring holes are opened on the upper end surface of the long core holder in the length direction, each pressure measuring hole is connected to a long core pore pressure sensor, which can monitor the changes in the internal pore pressure of different positions of the long core during the seepage and displacement experiments, one end of the long core holder is connected to the upstream pipeline of the long core, and the other end is connected to the downstream pipeline of the long core, the upstream pipeline of the long core is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe and one end of the aqueous solution supply pipeline, the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected through the hydrogen inlet pipe, the other end of the aqueous solution supply pipeline is connected to the water container, the aqueous solution booster pump and the aqueous solution pressure sensor are installed on the aqueous solution supply pipeline in sequence, the downstream pipeline of the long core is installed with a gas-water separator, and is connected to the waste gas treatment venting module, and the liquid outlet end of the gas-water separator is connected to the waste liquid collection container.

[0019] In some embodiments, the reaction simulation experiment module includes a reactor pipeline, a geochemical reaction simulation experiment unit and a hydrogen concentration sensor. The geochemical reaction simulation experiment unit includes a reactor, a reactor heating jacket, a reactor pressure sensor, a reactor temperature sensor, a reactor pressure increasing and reducing pump, a hydrogen buffer container, a sampler, a reactor pressurization pipeline, a reactor gas sampling pipeline, and a reactor venting pipeline. The reactor is provided with a reactor heating jacket on the outside to simulate the original formation temperature conditions. A reactor temperature sensor is installed on the outside to monitor the temperature in the reactor in real time to achieve feedback adjustment of temperature control. The reactor is equipped with a reactor pressure sensor to monitor the pressure changes in the reactor caused by geochemical reactions in real time. The reactor is connected to the reactor pipeline through a reactor pressurization pipeline. A reactor pressure increasing and reducing pump and a hydrogen buffer container are installed on the reactor pressurization pipeline. One end of the reactor gas sampling pipeline is connected to the reactor pressurization pipeline, and the other end is connected to the sampler. One end of the reactor venting pipeline is connected to the reactor pressurization pipeline, and the other end is connected to the waste gas treatment venting module.

[0020] In some embodiments, the method for simulating water-hydrogen-rock interaction in geological hydrogen storage also includes a vacuum module, which includes a vacuum pump, a vacuum pipeline, and a vent pipeline. One end of the vacuum pump is connected to each test module via the vacuum pipeline, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas treatment vent module via the vent pipeline.

[0021] In some embodiments, the waste gas treatment venting module includes a waste gas treatment venting device, one end of which is connected to each test module and vacuum module via a venting pipeline, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen supply system via a hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage provided by the present invention is as follows: by sealing a core, hydrogen and water in a reactor for reaction, and measuring the diffusion coefficient, permeability, porosity, seepage velocity of hydrogen in a long core holder, seepage velocity of aqueous solution in a long core holder and speed of hydrogen displacing aqueous solution in a long core holder of the core before and after the reaction, and comparing them, thereby obtaining the influence of the water-hydrogen-rock reaction on the physical properties and seepage characteristics of the core, thereby simulating the influence of the water-hydrogen-rock interaction on the physical properties and seepage characteristics of the reservoir in the geological hydrogen storage process, and providing theoretical guidance for the further development of geological hydrogen storage technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for simulating water-hydrogen-rock interaction in geological hydrogen storage provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen-rock interaction simulation device in a geological hydrogen storage process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen supply system;

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shaft confining pressure supply system;

[0027] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the diffusion and permeability characteristics test module;

[0028] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the porosity test module;

[0029] Figure 7 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the long core test module;

[0030] Figure 8 yes Figure 2 The structural diagram of the reaction simulation experiment module in FIG.

[0031] Fig. 9 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the vacuum module;

[0032] Fig.10 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the exhaust gas treatment and venting module;

[0033] Description of the accompanying drawings: 100-hydrogen supply system, 101-hydrogen cylinder, 102-explosion-proof cabinet, 103-hydrogen booster pump, 104-hydrogen booster pipeline, 105-hydrogen pressure reducing valve, 106-hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline, 107-hydrogen supply pipeline, 108-hydrogen supply pressure sensor, 109-hydrogen concentration sensor, K1-first valve, K2-second valve, K3-third valve, 200-axial confining pressure supply system, 201-axial confining pressure loading medium container, 202-axial confining pressure booster pump, 203-axial confining pressure loading pipeline, 204-axial confining pressure pressure sensor, 205-axial confining pressure venting pipeline, K4-fourth valve, 300-diffusion and permeability characteristic test module, 301-core holder, 3 02-holder heating jacket, 303-first temperature sensor, 304-upstream pressure sensor, 305-downstream pressure sensor, 306-upstream standard chamber, 307-downstream standard chamber, 308-gas flow meter, 309-upstream pipeline, 310-downstream pipeline, 311-steady-state pipeline, 312-transient pipeline, 313-axial pressure loading pipeline, 314-confining pressure loading pipeline, 315-upstream and downstream connecting pipeline, 316-hydrogen inlet pipe, K5-fifth valve, K6-sixth valve, K7-seventh valve, K8-eighth valve, K9-ninth valve, K10-tenth valve, K11-eleventh valve, K12-twelfth valve, K13-thirteenth valve, K14-fourteenth valve, K1 5-the fifteenth valve, 400-porosity test module, 401-porosity standard chamber pressure sensor, 402-porosity test standard chamber, 403-porosity test pipeline, 404-porosity test sample chamber, K16-the sixteenth valve, K17-the seventeenth valve, K18-the eighteenth valve, K19-the nineteenth valve, K20-the twentieth valve, 500-long core test module, 501-long core holder, 502-long core heating jacket, 503-the second temperature sensor, 504-long core pore pressure sensor, 505-water container container, 506-aqueous solution booster pump, 507-aqueous solution pressure sensor, 508-gas-water separator, 509-waste liquid collection container, 510-hydrogen inlet pipe, 511-water solution supply pipeline, 512-long core upstream pipeline, 513-long core downstream pipeline, 514-long core axial pressure pipeline, 515-long core confining pressure pipeline, K21-21st valve, K22-22nd valve, K23-23rd valve, K24-24th valve, K25-25th valve, K26-26th valve, K27-27th valve, K28-28th valve, 600-reaction simulation experiment module, 601-reactor, 602-reactor heating jacket, 603-reactor pressure sensor, 604-reactor temperature sensor, 605-reactor pressure increasing and reducing pump, 606-sampler, 607-reactor pipeline, 608-reactor pressure increasing pipeline,609-reactor gas sampling pipeline, 610-reactor venting pipeline, 611-hydrogen buffer container, 612-geochemical reaction simulation experimental unit, K29-29th valve, K30-30th valve, K31-31st valve, K32-32nd valve, K33-33rd valve, K34-34th valve, 700-vacuum module, 701-vacuum pump, 702-vacuum pipeline, 703-venting pipeline, K34-34th valve, K35-35th valve, 800-waste gas treatment venting module, 801-waste gas treatment venting device, K36-36th valve, K37-37th valve, 900 experimental system integrated control platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0035] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for simulating the interaction between water, hydrogen and rock in geological hydrogen storage in one embodiment of the present invention. The method for simulating the interaction between water, hydrogen and rock in geological hydrogen storage includes:

[0036] S1. Provide a geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen-rock interaction simulation device (such as Figure 2 ), the geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen-rock interaction simulation device includes a hydrogen supply system 100, an axial confining pressure supply system 200, a diffusion permeability characteristic test module 300, a porosity test module 400, a long core test module 500 and a reaction simulation experiment module 600, wherein the long core test module 500 includes a long core holder 501 and a water solution injection mechanism, one end of the long core holder 501 is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen supply system 100, the outlet of the water solution injection mechanism is connected to one end of the long core holder 501, and the reaction simulation experiment module 600 includes a reactor 601, and the air inlet of the reactor 601 is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen supply system 100;

[0037] S2, obtaining a number of cores, testing the first diffusion coefficient and the first permeability of each core through the diffusion permeability characteristic testing module 300, testing the first porosity of each core through the porosity testing module 400, sequentially loading each core into the long core holder 501, injecting hydrogen into the long core holder through the hydrogen supply system 100, measuring the first seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder 501, then injecting aqueous solution into the long core holder 501 through the aqueous solution injection mechanism, measuring the first seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder 501, then injecting hydrogen into the long core holder 501 through the hydrogen supply system 100, displacing the aqueous solution in each core in the long core holder 501 with hydrogen, and measuring the first velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder 501;

[0038] S3, after drying each core, put it into the reactor 601, add a preset volume of aqueous solution into the reactor 601, inject a preset volume of hydrogen into the reactor 601 through the hydrogen supply system 100, and keep it for a period of time;

[0039] S4, taking out each core and drying it, then testing the second diffusion coefficient and the second permeability of each core by the diffusion permeability characteristic testing module 300, testing the second porosity of each core by the porosity testing module 400, sequentially loading each core into the long core holder 501, injecting hydrogen into the long core holder 501 by the hydrogen supply system 100, measuring the second seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder 501, then injecting aqueous solution into the long core holder 501 by the aqueous solution injection mechanism, measuring the second seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder 501, then injecting hydrogen into the long core holder 501 by the hydrogen supply system 100, displacing the aqueous solution in each core in the long core holder 501 by hydrogen, and measuring the second velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder 501;

[0040] S5. Compare the first diffusion coefficient, the first permeability, the first porosity, the first seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder 501, the first seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder 501, and the first velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder 501 with the second diffusion coefficient, the second permeability, the second porosity, the second seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder 501, the second seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder 501, and the second velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder 501, respectively, to obtain the influence of water-hydrogen-rock reaction on the physical properties and seepage characteristics of the core, thereby simulating the influence of water-hydrogen-rock interaction on the physical properties and seepage characteristics of the reservoir during geological hydrogen storage, and providing theoretical guidance for the further development of geological hydrogen storage technology.

[0041] The technical solution provided by the present invention is to seal the core, hydrogen and water in the reactor 601 for reaction, and respectively measure the diffusion coefficient, permeability, porosity, seepage velocity of hydrogen in a long core holder, seepage velocity of aqueous solution in the long core holder and speed of hydrogen displacing aqueous solution in the long core holder of the core before and after the reaction, and compare them, thereby obtaining the influence of water-hydrogen-rock reaction on the physical properties and seepage characteristics of the core, thereby simulating the influence of water-hydrogen-rock interaction on reservoir physical properties and seepage characteristics in the geological hydrogen storage process, and providing theoretical guidance for the further development of geological hydrogen storage technology.

[0042] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The hydrogen supply system 100 includes a hydrogen cylinder 101, an explosion-proof cabinet 102, a hydrogen booster pump 103, a hydrogen booster pipeline 104, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 105, a hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline 106, a hydrogen supply pipeline 107, a hydrogen supply pressure sensor 108, a hydrogen concentration sensor 109, a first valve K1, a second valve K2 and a third valve K3. The hydrogen cylinder 101 is installed in the explosion-proof cabinet 102, the hydrogen booster pump 103 and the first valve K1 are installed on the hydrogen booster pipeline 104, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 105, the second valve K2 and the third valve K3 are installed on the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline 106, one end of the hydrogen booster pipeline 104 and one end of the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline 106 are connected to each other. The hydrogen supply system 100 is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen bottle 101, and the other end of the hydrogen boosting pipeline 104 and the other end of the hydrogen decompression pipeline 106 are connected to one end of the hydrogen supply pipeline 107. The hydrogen supply pipeline 107 is equipped with the hydrogen supply pressure sensor 108. The other end of the hydrogen supply pipeline 107 is connected to the diffusion permeability characteristic test module 300, the porosity test module 400, the long core test module 500, the reaction simulation experiment module 600 and the waste treatment venting module. The hydrogen concentration sensor 109 is installed near the hydrogen supply system 100 and is used to detect the hydrogen concentration of the air near the hydrogen supply system 100, so as to timely alarm when hydrogen leakage occurs. It should be understood that hydrogen concentration sensors are also provided in other modules for detecting hydrogen leakage, which will not be repeated in the following text.

[0043] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4The axial confining pressure supply system 200 can provide axial pressure and confining pressure for the core clamp of the diffusion permeability characteristic test module 300 and the long core test module 500. The axial confining pressure supply system 200 includes an axial confining pressure loading medium container 201, an axial confining pressure booster pump 202, an axial confining pressure loading pipeline 203, an axial confining pressure pressure sensor 204, and a fourth valve K4. The axial confining pressure supply system 200 can be loaded by liquid or gas. One end of the axial confining pressure loading pipeline 203 is connected to the axial confining pressure loading medium container 201, and the other end is connected to the diffusion permeability characteristic test module 300 and the long core test module 500. The axial confining pressure loading pipeline 203 is sequentially installed with an axial confining pressure booster pump 202, a fourth valve K4 and an axial confining pressure pressure sensor 204.

[0044] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 The diffusion permeability characteristic test module 300 can carry out the test of the hydrogen diffusion coefficient and hydrogen permeability of the rock. The diffusion permeability characteristic test module 300 includes a core holder 301, a holder heating sleeve 302, a first temperature sensor 303, a hydrogen inlet pipe 316, an upstream pressure sensor 304, a downstream pressure sensor 305, an upstream standard chamber 306, a downstream standard chamber 307, a gas flow meter 308, an upstream pipeline 309, a downstream pipeline 310, a steady-state method pipeline 311, a transient method pipeline 312, an axial pressure loading pipeline 313, a confining pressure loading pipeline 314, and a first pressure sensor 305. The fifth valve K5, the sixth valve K6, the seventh valve K7, the eighth valve K8, the ninth valve K9, the tenth valve K10, the eleventh valve K11, the twelfth valve K12, the thirteenth valve K13, the fourteenth valve K14, the fifteenth valve K15 and the upstream and downstream connecting pipeline 315, the core clamp 301 is connected to the axial pressure loading pipeline 313 and the confining pressure loading pipeline 314, the axial pressure loading pipeline 313 and the confining pressure loading pipeline 314 are connected to the other end of the axial confining pressure loading pipeline 203, and the pressure can be injected through the axial confining pressure supply system 200 to simulate the original rock stress condition of the rock. The core clamp 301 is wrapped with the clamp heating sleeve 302 on the outside to simulate the original rock temperature condition, and the core clamp 301 is equipped with the first temperature sensor 303 on the outside to monitor the core temperature in the core clamp 301 in real time to achieve feedback adjustment of temperature control. According to different test requirements, the experimental system can connect multiple core holders 301 of different core sizes in parallel.

[0045] One end of the hydrogen inlet pipe 316 is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline 107, and the upstream pressure sensor 304 and the upstream standard chamber 306 are installed on the hydrogen inlet pipe 316. The other end of the hydrogen inlet pipe 316 is connected to the upstream pipeline 309, and the upstream pipeline 309 is composed of multiple pipelines connected in parallel. The upstream pipeline 309 is connected to one end of the core clamp 301, and the other end of the core clamp 301 is connected to the downstream pipeline 310. The other ends of all downstream pipelines 310 are connected to the transient method pipeline 312. The two ends of the upstream and downstream connecting pipeline 315 are respectively connected to the upstream pipeline 309 and the downstream pipeline 310. The downstream pressure sensor 305 and the downstream standard chamber 307 are installed on the transient method pipeline 312, and the transient method pipeline 312 is connected. The gas flow meter 308 is installed on the transient method pipeline 312, and the other end of the transient method pipeline 312 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment venting module 800.

[0046] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6 The porosity test module 400 can measure the porosity parameters of rocks using hydrogen. The porosity test module 400 includes a porosity standard chamber pressure sensor 401, a porosity test standard chamber 402, a porosity test sample chamber 404, a porosity test pipeline 403, a sixteenth valve K16, a seventeenth valve K17, an eighteenth valve K18, a nineteenth valve K19, a twentieth valve K20 and a hydrogen concentration sensor. One end of the porosity test pipeline 403 is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline 107, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas treatment venting module 800. The porosity standard chamber pressure sensor 401, the porosity test standard chamber 402 and the porosity test sample chamber 404 are sequentially installed on the porosity test pipeline 403. A plurality of the porosity test sample chambers 404 can be connected in parallel according to the size of the test sample.

[0047] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 7The long core test module 500 can carry out long core aqueous solution seepage and long core hydrogen drive aqueous solution experiments. The long core test module 500 includes a long core holder 501, a long core heating sleeve 502, a second temperature sensor 503, a plurality of long core pore pressure sensors 504, a water container 505, an aqueous solution booster pump 506, an aqueous solution pressure sensor 507, a gas-water separator 508, a waste liquid collection container 509, a hydrogen inlet pipe 510, an aqueous solution supply pipeline 511, a long core upstream pipeline 512, a long core downstream pipeline 513, a long core axial pressure pipeline 514, and a long core confining pressure pipeline. 515, the twenty-first valve K21, the twenty-second valve K22, the twenty-third valve K23, the twenty-fourth valve K24, the twenty-fifth valve K25, the twenty-sixth valve K26, the twenty-seventh valve K27 and the twenty-eighth valve K28, the length-to-diameter ratio of the core clamped by the long core clamp 501 is greater than 2:1, the long core clamp 501 is connected to the long core axial pressure pipeline 514 and the long core confining pressure pipeline 515, the long core axial pressure pipeline 514 and the long core confining pressure pipeline 515 are connected to the axial confining pressure loading pipeline 203, and the pressure can be injected through the axial confining pressure supply system 200 to simulate the original rock stress conditions. The long core clamp 501 is wrapped with a long core heating sleeve 502 on the outside to simulate the original rock temperature conditions. The long core clamp 501 is equipped with a second temperature sensor 503 on the outside to monitor the core temperature in the core clamp in real time to achieve feedback adjustment of temperature control. A plurality of pressure measuring holes are provided on the upper end surface of the long core holder 501 along the length direction, each of which is connected to a long core pore pressure sensor 504, which can monitor the changes in the internal pore pressure at different positions of the long core during the seepage and displacement experiments. The arrangement of the long core pore pressure sensors 504 changes from compact to sparse from the upstream end to the downstream end of the long core holder 501.

[0048] One end of the long core holder 501 is connected to the long core upstream pipeline 512, and the other end is connected to the long core downstream pipeline 513. The long core upstream pipeline 512 is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe 510 and one end of the aqueous solution supply pipeline 511, and is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline 107 through the hydrogen inlet pipe 510. The other end of the aqueous solution supply pipeline 511 is connected to the water container container 505, and the aqueous solution booster pump 506 and the aqueous solution pressure sensor 507 are installed on the aqueous solution supply pipeline 511 in sequence. The long core downstream pipeline 513 is installed with a gas-water separator 508, and is connected to the waste gas treatment and venting module 800. The liquid outlet end of the gas-water separator 508 is connected to the waste liquid collection container 509.

[0049] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 8The reaction simulation experiment module 600 can realize the geochemical reaction simulation experiment, including a reactor pipeline, a geochemical reaction simulation experiment unit and a hydrogen concentration sensor. The geochemical reaction simulation experiment unit includes a reactor 601, a reactor heating jacket 602, a reactor pressure sensor 603, a reactor temperature sensor 604, a reactor pressure increasing and reducing pump 605, a hydrogen buffer container 611, a sampler 606, a reactor pressure increasing pipeline 608, a reactor gas sampling pipeline 609, a reactor venting pipeline 610, a twenty-ninth valve K29, a thirtieth valve K30, a thirty-first valve K31, a thirty-second valve K32, a thirty-third valve K33, and a thirty-fourth valve K34.

[0050] The reactor 601 is provided with a reactor heating jacket 602 on the outside, which can simulate the original formation temperature conditions, and a reactor temperature sensor 604 is provided on the outside, which can monitor the temperature in the reactor in real time to realize feedback regulation of temperature control. The reactor 601 is provided with a reactor pressure sensor 603, which can monitor the pressure change in the reactor caused by geochemical reactions in real time. The reactor 601 is connected to the reactor pipeline 607 through a reactor booster pipeline 608, and a reactor booster and pressure reducing pump 605 and a hydrogen buffer container 611 are installed on the reactor booster pipeline 608. One end of the reactor gas sampling pipeline 609 is connected to the reactor booster pipeline 608, and the other end is connected to the sampler 606. One end of the reactor venting pipeline 610 is connected to the reactor booster pipeline 608, and the other end is connected to the waste gas treatment venting module 800.

[0051] Based on experimental needs, multiple geochemical reaction simulation experimental units can be connected in parallel on the reactor pipeline 607.

[0052] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Fig. 9 The vacuum pump module 700 is used to vacuum the inside of the test module. The vacuum pump module 700 includes a vacuum pump 701, a vacuum pump pipeline 702, and a venting pipeline 703. One end of the vacuum pump 701 is connected to each test module via the vacuum pump pipeline 702, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas treatment venting module 800 via the venting pipeline 703.

[0053] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Fig.10The exhaust gas treatment and venting module 800 is used for collecting, treating and venting the exhaust gas of the entire experimental system. The exhaust gas treatment and venting module 800 includes an exhaust gas treatment and venting device 801, a 36th valve K36 and a 37th valve K37. One end of the exhaust gas treatment and venting device 801 is connected to each test module and a vacuum module via a venting pipeline, and the other end is connected to a hydrogen supply system via a hydrogen supply pipeline. The gases in all test modules and vacuum modules are vented to the atmosphere after being treated by the exhaust gas treatment and venting module to meet environmental standards.

[0054] The experimental system integrated control platform 900 is used for geological hydrogen storage integrated experimental system control, data collection, safety detection and disposal. The various pressure increasing and reducing pumps, various pressure sensors, various temperature sensors, various hydrogen concentration sensors, various valves, various vacuum pumps, various heating sleeves and various waste gas treatment and venting devices are all controlled and transmitted by wireless transmission, and the data is stored in the experimental system integrated control platform.

[0055] The hydrogen concentration sensor is used to monitor whether there is a hydrogen leak, and the monitoring data is transmitted in real time to the comprehensive control platform of the experimental system for leakage risk identification. Once a hydrogen leak occurs, the corresponding valve will be automatically controlled to open according to the leakage position monitored by the hydrogen concentration sensor, and the gas will be discharged into the atmosphere after being treated by the exhaust gas treatment and venting module through the pipeline.

[0056] The geological hydrogen storage comprehensive experimental system can carry out functions such as rock hydrogen diffusion coefficient measurement, hydrogen permeability measurement, hydrogen porosity measurement, long core aqueous solution seepage, long core hydrogen flooding aqueous solution, geochemical reaction simulation experiments, etc., which are introduced below.

[0057] (1) When conducting a rock hydrogen diffusion coefficient test, first select a core holder 301 that is suitable for the core size. After the core is loaded, open the axial confining pressure booster pump 202, the fourth valve K4, the fourteenth valve K14, and the fifteenth valve K15 to apply a pressure value slightly lower than the preset axial pressure and confining pressure to the core holder 301 in turn. Then, open the holder heating sleeve 302 through the experimental system integrated control platform to heat the core in the core holder 301 until the preset temperature. Since the temperature will affect the axial confining pressure, at this time, if the loaded axial confining pressure exceeds the preset value due to the increase in temperature, the axial confining pressure is reduced to the preset pressure through the axial confining pressure venting pipeline 205. If the loaded axial confining pressure still does not reach the preset value after heating, it is made to reach the preset value through the axial confining pressure booster pump 202. Through the above operations, the core holder 301 simulates the original rock stress and temperature conditions.

[0058] Then, open the fifth valve K5, the twelfth valve K12, the eleventh valve K11, the thirteenth valve K13, the eighth valve K8, the sixth valve K6 and the seventh valve K7 of the core holder 301 used, open the thirty-fourth valve K34, the thirty-fifth valve K35, and the thirty-sixth valve K36, open the vacuum pump 701 and the exhaust gas treatment and venting device 801, and evacuate the test module and related pipelines to avoid the influence of residual gas on the experiment. After the vacuuming is completed, turn off the vacuum pump 701, the thirty-fourth valve K34, the thirty-fifth valve K35, the thirty-sixth valve K36 and the exhaust gas treatment and venting device 801.

[0059] The eighth valve K8 is closed, and the first valve K1 or the second valve K2 or the third valve K3 is opened according to the required hydrogen diffusion pressure, and the hydrogen booster pump 103 or the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 105 is opened, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen supply pipeline 107 through the hydrogen booster pipeline 104 or the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline 106, and then enters the upstream port of the core holder 301 through the upstream pipeline 309, and enters the downstream pipeline 310 and the downstream port of the core holder through the upstream and downstream connecting pipeline 315. After reaching the set pressure, the hydrogen booster pump 103 or the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 105 is closed, the first valve K1 or the second valve K2 or the third valve K3 is closed, and the fifth valve K5 is closed.

[0060] At this time, hydrogen will continue to diffuse into the core under the action of the concentration difference inside and outside the core. As time goes by, the hydrogen concentration in the core gradually becomes consistent with the hydrogen concentration in the pipeline. By recording the pressure changes and time of the upstream pressure sensor 304 and the downstream pressure sensor 305 during the diffusion process, the diffusion coefficient of the core can be obtained.

[0061] After the experiment, open the eighth valve K8 and the thirty-sixth valve K36 to vent the hydrogen in the pipeline, and then take out the core.

[0062] (2) When conducting rock hydrogen diffusion coefficient tests, this system can use the steady-state method and transient method to measure permeability.

[0063] ① When the steady-state method is carried out, as in the case of the rock hydrogen diffusion coefficient test, the matching core holder 301 is first selected according to the core size, and then the axial confining pressure supply system 200 and the holder heating sleeve 302 are used in combination to simulate the original rock stress and temperature conditions and evacuate the pipeline.

[0064] Open the fifth valve K5, the sixth valve K6, the seventh valve K7, the ninth valve K9, the tenth valve K10, and the thirty-sixth valve K36. According to the required hydrogen permeation pressure, open the first valve K1 or the second valve K2, the third valve K3, open the hydrogen booster pump 103 or the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 105, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen supply pipeline 107 through the hydrogen booster pipeline 104 or the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline 106, and then enters the upstream port of the core holder 301 through the upstream pipeline 309. The downstream port of the core holder 301 is connected to the atmosphere through the steady-state pipeline 311 and the waste gas treatment venting device 801. After reaching the set pressure, close the hydrogen booster pump 103 or the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 105, close the first valve K1 or the second valve K2, the third valve K3, and close the fifth valve K5.

[0065] At this time, there is a pressure difference between the two ends of the core. Hydrogen moves from the upper end to the lower end of the core along with the pressure difference, and a flow reading is generated when passing through the gas flow meter 308. As the permeation process continues, the flow tends to be stable. The permeability of the core can be calculated based on the flow, upstream pressure sensor 304, downstream pressure sensor 305 and core size data.

[0066] After the experiment, the hydrogen in the pipeline was vented and the core was taken out.

[0067] ② When the transient method is carried out, the axial confining pressure supply system 200 and the clamp heating sleeve 302 are used in combination to simulate the original rock stress and temperature conditions, just like when the rock hydrogen diffusion coefficient test is carried out.

[0068] Open the fifth valve K5, the sixth valve K6, the seventh valve K7, the eleventh valve K11, the twelfth valve K12, and the thirteenth valve K13. According to the required hydrogen diffusion pressure, open the first valve K1 or the second valve K2, the third valve K3, open the hydrogen booster pump 103 or the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 105, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen supply pipeline 107 through the hydrogen booster pipeline 104 or the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline 106, and then enters the upstream port of the core holder 301 through the upstream pipeline 309, and enters the downstream pipeline 310 through the upstream and downstream connecting pipeline 315 and enters the downstream port of the core holder 301. After reaching the set downstream pressure, close the eleventh valve K11, and supply hydrogen again until the set upstream pressure value. Then close the hydrogen booster pump 103 or the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 105, close the first valve K1 or the second valve K2, the third valve K3, and close the fifth valve K5.

[0069] At this time, due to the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the core, hydrogen moves from the upstream through the core to the downstream until the upstream and downstream pressures are equal. The permeability of the core can be calculated based on data such as pressure balance time, upstream and downstream pressures, and core size.

[0070] After the experiment, the hydrogen in the pipeline was vented and the core was taken out.

[0071] (3) When conducting a rock hydrogen porosity test, first select a matching porosity test sample chamber according to the core size and load the sample into it, open the seventeenth valve K17, the eighteenth valve K18, the nineteenth valve K19, the twentieth valve K20, the thirty-fourth valve K34, the thirty-fifth valve K35, and the thirty-sixth valve K36, turn on the vacuum pump 701 and the exhaust gas treatment venting device 801, and evacuate the porosity test module 400.

[0072] Then close the eighteenth valve K18 and the twentieth valve K20, and according to the required hydrogen diffusion pressure, open the sixteenth valve K16, open the first valve K1 or the second valve K2, the third valve K3, open the hydrogen booster pump 103 or the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 105, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen supply pipeline 107 through the hydrogen booster pipeline 104 or the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline 106, and then enters the porosity test pipeline 403 and the porosity test standard chamber 402. Then close the sixteenth valve K16. After the reading of the porosity standard chamber pressure sensor 401 is balanced, open the eighteenth valve K18, and the hydrogen enters the porosity test sample chamber 404 through the porosity test pipeline 403. When the reading of the porosity standard chamber pressure sensor 401 is balanced, the porosity of the core can be calculated.

[0073] (4) When conducting a long core hydrogen permeability test, the core is first loaded into the long core holder 501. As in the case of conducting a rock hydrogen diffusion coefficient test, the axial confining pressure supply system 200 and the long core heating sleeve 502 are used in conjunction to simulate the original rock stress and temperature conditions.

[0074] The twenty-fourth valve K24 and the twenty-fifth valve K25 are opened, and the vacuum pump 701 and the exhaust gas treatment and venting device 801 are turned on to evacuate the long core test module 500 .

[0075] The twenty-first valve K21 and the twenty-third valve K23 are opened to connect the hydrogen supply system 100, and the tail of the long core holder 501 is connected to the atmosphere through the long core downstream pipeline 513 and the waste gas treatment and venting device 801. Due to the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the long core, hydrogen seeps from the upstream of the core to the downstream through the core, and after passing through the long core holder 501, the hydrogen passes through the gas-water separator 508 and is discharged from the waste gas treatment and venting device 801 to the atmosphere after being processed.

[0076] The long core pore pressure sensor 504 on the long core holder 501 can be used to monitor the pore pressure changes at different positions of the long core in real time to obtain the seepage conditions of hydrogen in the long core.

[0077] (5) When conducting a long core aqueous solution seepage test, the core is first loaded into the long core holder 501. Similar to the rock hydrogen diffusion coefficient test, the axial confining pressure supply system 200 and the long core heating sleeve 502 are used in conjunction to simulate the original rock stress and temperature conditions.

[0078] The prepared aqueous solution is placed in the water container 505 .

[0079] Open the 22nd valve K22, the 23rd valve K23, the 24th valve K24, the 25th valve K25, and the 26th valve K26, and open the aqueous solution booster pump 506 to pump the aqueous solution from the water container 505 into the long core holder 501 at the designed injection pressure. The tail of the long core holder 501 is connected to the atmosphere through the long core downstream pipeline 513 and the waste gas treatment and venting device 801. Due to the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the long core, the aqueous solution seeps from the upstream of the core through the core to the downstream. After passing through the core holder 501, the gas in the core passes through the gas-water separator 508 and is discharged from the waste gas treatment and venting device 801 to the atmosphere after treatment, and the aqueous solution passes through the gas-water separator 508 and enters the waste liquid collection container 509 for storage.

[0080] The long core pore pressure sensor 504 on the long core holder 501 can be used to monitor the pore pressure changes at different positions of the long core in real time, and obtain the seepage conditions of the aqueous solution in the long core.

[0081] (6) When conducting a long core hydrogen flooding aqueous solution test, first place the core into the long core holder 501 and fill the long core with aqueous solution according to the long core aqueous solution seepage test steps. The gas-water separator 508 can be set with back pressure to maintain the liquid pressure in the long core holder 501.

[0082] Then, the twenty-seventh valve K27 is closed, the twenty-first valve K21 is opened, and the hydrogen supply system 100 is connected, so that the hydrogen at the set pressure enters the long core clamp 501 through the long core upstream pipeline 512 to displace the aqueous solution, and the displaced aqueous solution enters the waste liquid collection container 509 for storage through the gas-water separator 508, and the displaced hydrogen is discharged into the atmosphere through the waste gas treatment and venting device 801 after treatment.

[0083] The long core pore pressure sensor 504 on the long core holder 501 can be used to monitor the pore pressure changes at different positions of the long core in real time, and obtain the displacement of the aqueous solution by hydrogen in the long core.

[0084] (7) When conducting a geochemical reaction simulation experiment, firstly, load the sample into the reactor 601, open the reactor heating jacket 602 to reach the preset test temperature, open the 30th valve K30, the 31st valve K31, the 32nd valve K32, the 33rd valve K33, and the 34th valve K34, open the vacuum pump 701 and the exhaust gas treatment venting device 801, and evacuate the reaction simulation experiment module 600. Then, close the 32nd valve K32, the 33rd valve K33, and the 34th valve K34, connect the hydrogen supply system 100, and supply hydrogen to the geochemical reaction simulation experiment unit 612. When the reactor 601 and the hydrogen buffer container 611 reach the preset pressure, stop the hydrogen supply and close the 29th valve K29.

[0085] The reactor pressure increasing / decreasing pump 605 and the hydrogen buffer container 611 are used together to change or maintain the internal pressure of the reactor 601 based on the preset pressure according to the experimental requirements. The reactor pressure increasing / decreasing pump 605 and the hydrogen buffer container 611 are used together to control the increase / decrease of the hydrogen pressure in the reactor according to any hydrogen pressure increasing / decreasing curve, and realize the pressure control of a single reactor.

[0086] The 32nd valve K32 can be opened at any time during the experiment, and the gas in the reactor 601 enters the sampler. After sampling, the 32nd valve K32 is closed, the sampler 606 is removed, the gas is loaded into other containers and the corresponding gas sample testing work is carried out.

[0087] Therefore, geochemical reaction simulations under different temperature and pressure conditions can be carried out simultaneously by connecting a plurality of geochemical reaction simulation experimental units 612 in parallel on the reactor pipeline 607. Each geochemical reaction simulation experimental unit does not affect each other.

[0088] During the experiment, the heating temperature can be adjusted through real-time feedback from the reactor temperature sensor 604.

[0089] After the experiment is completed, the reactor pressure increasing and decreasing pump 605 is turned off, the 30th valve K30, the 31st valve K31, and the 32nd valve K32 are opened, and the gas in the reactor 601 is discharged after being treated by the waste gas treatment and venting device 801. Then, the sample in the reactor is taken out, and other testing work is carried out.

[0090] In summary, the technical solution provided by the present invention is to seal the core, hydrogen and water in the reactor 601 for reaction, and respectively measure the diffusion coefficient, permeability, porosity, hydrogen seepage velocity in the long core holder, the seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder and the speed of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder before and after the reaction, and compare them, thereby obtaining the influence of the water-hydrogen-rock reaction on the physical properties and seepage characteristics of the core, thereby simulating the influence of the water-hydrogen-rock interaction on the reservoir physical properties and seepage characteristics in the geological hydrogen storage process, and providing theoretical guidance for the further development of geological hydrogen storage technology.

[0091] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simulating the interaction between water and hydrogen and rock in geological hydrogen storage, characterized in that: include: S1. A geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen-rock interaction simulation device is provided, wherein the geological hydrogen storage water-hydrogen-rock interaction simulation device comprises a hydrogen supply system, a diffusion and permeability characteristic test module, a porosity test module, a long core test module and a reaction simulation experiment module, wherein the long core test module comprises a long core holder and a water solution injection mechanism, one end of the long core holder is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen supply system, the outlet of the water solution injection mechanism is connected to one end of the long core holder, and the reaction simulation experiment module comprises a reactor, and the air inlet of the reactor is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen supply system; S2, obtaining a number of cores, testing the first diffusion coefficient and the first permeability of each core through a diffusion permeability test module, testing the first porosity of each core through a porosity test module, sequentially loading each core into the long core holder, injecting hydrogen into the long core holder through a hydrogen supply system, measuring the first seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder, injecting aqueous solution into the long core holder through an aqueous solution injection mechanism, measuring the first seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder, injecting hydrogen into the long core holder through a hydrogen supply system, displacing the aqueous solution in each core in the long core holder with hydrogen, and measuring the first velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder; S3, drying each core and placing it into a reactor, adding a preset volume of aqueous solution into the reactor, injecting a preset volume of hydrogen into the reactor through a hydrogen supply system, and maintaining it for a period of time; S4, taking out each core and drying it, then testing the second diffusion coefficient and the second permeability of each core through the diffusion permeability characteristic test module, testing the second porosity of each core through the porosity test module, sequentially loading each core into the long core holder, injecting hydrogen into the long core holder through the hydrogen supply system, measuring the second seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder, then injecting aqueous solution into the long core holder through the aqueous solution injection mechanism, measuring the second seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder, then injecting hydrogen into the long core holder through the hydrogen supply system, hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in each core in the long core holder, and measuring the second velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder; S5. Compare the first diffusion coefficient, the first permeability, the first porosity, the first seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder, the first seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder, and the first velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder with the second diffusion coefficient, the second permeability, the second porosity, the second seepage velocity of hydrogen in the long core holder, the second seepage velocity of the aqueous solution in the long core holder, and the second velocity of hydrogen displacing the aqueous solution in the long core holder, respectively, to obtain the influence of water-hydrogen-rock reaction on the core physical properties and seepage characteristics.

2. The method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply system includes a hydrogen cylinder, a hydrogen booster pump, a hydrogen booster pipeline, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline, a hydrogen supply pipeline, a hydrogen supply pressure sensor, a first valve, a second valve and a third valve. The hydrogen booster pump and the first valve are installed on the hydrogen booster pipeline, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve, the second valve and the third valve are installed on the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline, one end of the hydrogen booster pipeline and one end of the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline are both connected to the outlet of the hydrogen cylinder, the other end of the hydrogen booster pipeline and the other end of the hydrogen pressure reducing pipeline are both connected to one end of the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the hydrogen supply pressure sensor is installed on the hydrogen supply pipeline.

3. The method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes an axial confining pressure supply system, which includes an axial confining pressure loading medium container, an axial confining pressure booster pump, an axial confining pressure loading pipeline, an axial confining pressure pressure sensor, and a fourth valve. One end of the axial confining pressure loading pipeline is connected to the axial confining pressure loading medium container, and the other end is connected to a diffusion permeability characteristic test module and a long core test module. The axial confining pressure booster pump, the fourth valve and the axial confining pressure pressure sensor are installed in sequence on the axial confining pressure loading pipeline.

4. The method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diffusion permeability characteristic test module includes a core holder, a holder heating sleeve, a first temperature sensor, a hydrogen inlet pipe, an upstream pressure sensor, a downstream pressure sensor, an upstream standard chamber, a downstream standard chamber, a gas flow meter, an upstream pipeline, a downstream pipeline, a steady-state method pipeline, a transient method pipeline, an axial pressure loading pipeline, a confining pressure loading pipeline and an upstream and downstream connecting pipeline. The core holder is connected to the axial pressure loading pipeline and the confining pressure loading pipeline. The axial pressure loading pipeline and the confining pressure loading pipeline are connected to the other end of the axial confining pressure loading pipeline. The pressure can be injected through the axial confining pressure supply system to simulate the original rock stress condition. The core holder is wrapped with the holder heating sleeve. The first temperature sensor is installed on the outside of the core clamp; one end of the hydrogen inlet pipe is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline, the upstream pressure sensor and the upstream standard chamber are installed on the hydrogen inlet pipe, the other end of the hydrogen inlet pipe is connected to the upstream pipeline, the upstream pipeline is composed of multiple pipelines in parallel, the upstream pipeline is connected to one end of the core clamp, the other end of the core clamp is connected to the downstream pipeline, the other ends of all downstream pipelines are connected to the transient method pipeline, the two ends of the upstream and downstream connecting pipelines are respectively connected to the upstream pipeline and the downstream pipeline, the transient method pipeline is installed with a downstream pressure sensor and a downstream standard chamber, and is connected to the transient method pipeline, and the transient method pipeline is installed with a gas flow meter.

5. The method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The porosity testing module includes a porosity standard chamber pressure sensor, a porosity testing standard chamber, a porosity testing sample chamber, a porosity testing pipeline and a hydrogen concentration sensor. One end of the porosity testing pipeline is connected to a hydrogen supply pipeline, and the other end is connected to a waste gas treatment venting module. The porosity standard chamber pressure sensor, the porosity testing standard chamber and the porosity testing sample chamber are sequentially installed on the porosity testing pipeline.

6. The method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The porosity testing module includes a porosity standard chamber pressure sensor, a porosity testing standard chamber, a porosity testing sample chamber, a porosity testing pipeline, and a hydrogen concentration sensor. One end of the porosity testing pipeline is connected to a hydrogen supply pipeline, and the other end is connected to a waste gas treatment venting module. The porosity standard chamber pressure sensor, the porosity testing standard chamber, and the porosity testing sample chamber are sequentially installed on the porosity testing pipeline.

7. The method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage according to claim 6, characterized in that: The long core test module includes a long core holder, a long core heating sleeve, a second temperature sensor, a plurality of long core pore pressure sensors, a water container, an aqueous solution booster pump, an aqueous solution pressure sensor, a gas-water separator, a waste liquid collection container, a hydrogen inlet pipe, an aqueous solution supply pipeline, a long core upstream pipeline, a long core downstream pipeline, a long core axial pressure pipeline, and a long core confining pressure pipeline. The length-to-diameter ratio of the core held by the long core holder is greater than 2:

1. The long core holder is connected to the long core axial pressure pipeline and the long core confining pressure pipeline. The long core axial pressure pipeline and the long core confining pressure pipeline are connected to the axial confining pressure loading pipeline. The long core holder is wrapped with a long core heating sleeve on the outside. The long core holder is equipped with a second temperature sensor on the outside, which can monitor the core temperature in the core holder in real time. To realize feedback regulation of temperature control, a plurality of pressure measuring holes are provided on the upper end surface of the long core holder in the length direction, each of which is connected to a long core pore pressure sensor, which can monitor the changes in the internal pore pressure at different positions of the long core during the seepage and displacement experiments. One end of the long core holder is connected to the upstream pipeline of the long core, and the other end is connected to the downstream pipeline of the long core. The upstream pipeline of the long core is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe and one end of the aqueous solution supply pipeline, and the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected through the hydrogen inlet pipe. The other end of the aqueous solution supply pipeline is connected to a water container. A aqueous solution booster pump and an aqueous solution pressure sensor are sequentially installed on the aqueous solution supply pipeline. A gas-water separator is installed on the downstream pipeline of the long core, and is connected to the waste gas treatment venting module. The liquid outlet end of the gas-water separator is connected to a waste liquid collection container.

8. The method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reaction simulation experiment module includes a reactor pipeline, a geochemical reaction simulation experiment unit and a hydrogen concentration sensor. The geochemical reaction simulation experiment unit includes a reactor, a reactor heating jacket, a reactor pressure sensor, a reactor temperature sensor, a reactor pressure increasing and reducing pump, a hydrogen buffer container, a sampler, a reactor pressurization pipeline, a reactor gas sampling pipeline, and a reactor venting pipeline. The reactor is provided with a reactor heating jacket on the outside to simulate the original formation temperature conditions. The reactor is provided with a reactor temperature sensor on the outside to monitor the temperature in the reactor in real time to achieve feedback regulation of temperature control. The reactor is provided with a reactor pressure sensor to monitor the pressure change in the reactor caused by geochemical reactions in real time. The reactor is connected to the reactor pipeline through a reactor pressurization pipeline. The reactor pressurization pipeline is provided with a reactor pressure increasing and reducing pump and a hydrogen buffer container. One end of the reactor gas sampling pipeline is connected to the reactor pressurization pipeline, and the other end is connected to the sampler. One end of the reactor venting pipeline is connected to the reactor pressurization pipeline, and the other end is connected to the waste gas treatment venting module.

9. The method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a vacuum pump module, which includes a vacuum pump, a vacuum pump pipeline, and a vent pipeline. One end of the vacuum pump is connected to each test module via the vacuum pump pipeline, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas treatment vent module via the vent pipeline.

10. The method for simulating the interaction between water and rock in geological hydrogen storage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The waste gas treatment and venting module includes a waste gas treatment and venting device, one end of which is connected to each test module and a vacuum module via a venting pipeline, and the other end is connected to a hydrogen supply system via a hydrogen supply pipeline.

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