A superconducting material performance testing method and system based on environmental detection

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and system for testing the performance of a superconducting material based on environmental detection, and relates to the field of testing technology. The method comprises: placing a superconducting material in an experimental environment, connecting it to a resistor outside the experimental environment, changing the temperature in the experimental environment at multiple moments in a first test cycle, measuring a first test voltage after voltage amplification, and determining a temperature performance score; connecting the superconducting material in parallel with a first capacitor outside the experimental environment, changing the voltage of a DC power supply at multiple moments in a second test cycle, measuring a second test voltage after voltage amplification, and determining a current density performance score; and determining a performance test score based on the temperature performance score and the current density performance score. According to the present invention, the test device can be operated outside the experimental environment, which improves the convenience of the test, and the performance of the superconducting material in a changing environment can be tested by changing the temperature and current of the experimental environment, thereby improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of testing technology, and in particular to a method and system for testing superconducting material performance based on environmental detection. Background Art

[0002] In the related art, CN117491922A discloses a critical performance test sample rod and device for high-current multi-channel switchable superconducting wires in a high background field. The current lead is divided into three sections. The bottom section is a high-temperature superconducting current lead, and the middle section can be disassembled, replaced or increased or decreased according to the performance and quantity of the test sample. The test sample plate is provided with a limit groove extending in the radial direction, which can hold multiple samples, making great use of the limited space of the cylindrical dewar. At the same time, the power switch switching device can switch the current lead in a high-field environment without reducing the field, thereby achieving the purpose of testing different samples.

[0003] CN116125175A discloses a superconducting material conductivity test system and a test method thereof, comprising a supporting tabletop and a supporting chassis slidably connected to the supporting tabletop, a fixed cavity fixedly connected below the supporting chassis, a curved fixed frame plate fixedly connected to the supporting tabletop, a threaded vertical cavity connected to the curved fixed frame plate by threads, the threaded vertical cavity and the fixed cavity are connected by threads, a supporting curved plate fixedly connected to the curved fixed frame plate, a conductive column fixedly connected to the supporting curved plate, the conductive column and the threaded vertical cavity are slidably connected, two reflux cavities fixedly connected to the conductive column, both of the two reflux cavities are fixedly connected to the supporting tabletop, and an angle supporting slide plate fixedly connected to the supporting chassis. This scheme can simultaneously perform two conductivity tests on the superconducting material to be tested, further improving the accuracy of measuring the conductivity of the superconducting material.

[0004] Current superconducting materials require strict experimental environments, such as ultra-low temperature, ultra-high pressure and other experimental environments. Although related technologies can test the conductive properties of superconducting materials, it is inconvenient to operate in strict experimental environments, and it is difficult to test the performance of superconducting materials in a changing environment.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background technology section of this application is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background technology of this application, and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a superconducting material performance testing method and system based on environmental detection, which can solve the technical problems in the related art that it is inconvenient to operate in a strict experimental environment and it is difficult to test the performance of superconducting materials in a changing environment.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for testing the performance of a superconducting material based on environmental detection, comprising: placing a superconducting material in an experimental environment, connecting it in series with a first resistance device and a DC power supply outside the experimental environment through a wire of a first preset length, and connecting it in parallel with a second resistance device outside the experimental environment through a wire of a second preset length; connecting both ends of the second resistance device to the input end of a voltage amplifier; changing the temperature in the experimental environment at multiple moments in a first test cycle, and after a first preset time period, turning on the DC power supply, adjusting the voltage of the DC power supply to a first preset voltage, and measuring a first test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier, wherein the temperature at the first moment in the first test cycle is the first preset temperature, and the duration of the first preset time period is is less than the interval between adjacent moments; according to the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment, a temperature performance score of the superconducting material is determined; the DC power supply is disconnected, the second resistor is removed, and the superconducting material is connected in parallel with a first capacitor outside the experimental environment, the two ends of the first capacitor are connected to the input of the voltage amplifier, and the temperature of the experimental environment is adjusted to a first preset temperature; the DC power supply is turned on, and at multiple moments in the second test cycle, the voltage of the DC power supply is changed, and after a second preset time period, a second test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier is measured; according to the voltage of the DC power supply and the second test voltage, a current density performance score of the superconducting material is determined; according to the temperature performance score and the current density performance score, a performance test score of the superconducting material is determined.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a superconducting material performance testing system based on environmental detection is provided, comprising: a first connection module, used to place the superconducting material in an experimental environment, and connect it in series with a first resistance device and a DC power supply outside the experimental environment through a wire of a first preset length, and connect it in parallel with a second resistance device outside the experimental environment through a wire of a second preset length; an access module, used to connect the two ends of the second resistance device to the input end of a voltage amplifier; a temperature testing module, used to change the temperature in the experimental environment at multiple moments in a first test cycle, and after a first preset time period, turn on the DC power supply, adjust the voltage of the DC power supply to the first preset voltage, and measure the first test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier, wherein the temperature at the first moment in the first test cycle is the first preset temperature, and the duration of the first preset time period is less than the interval between adjacent moments; temperature performance A performance scoring module is used to determine the temperature performance score of the superconducting material according to the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment; a second connection module is used to disconnect the DC power supply, remove the second resistor, and connect the superconducting material in parallel with the first capacitor outside the experimental environment, connect the two ends of the first capacitor to the input end of the voltage amplifier, and adjust the temperature of the experimental environment to a first preset temperature; a current testing module is used to connect the DC power supply, and change the voltage of the DC power supply at multiple times in a second test cycle, and measure the second test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier after a second preset time period; a current density performance scoring module is used to determine the current density performance score of the superconducting material according to the voltage of the DC power supply and the second test voltage; a performance test scoring module is used to determine the performance test score of the superconducting material according to the temperature performance score and the current density performance score.

[0009] Technical effect: According to the present invention, the performance of superconducting materials can be tested by placing superconducting materials in an experimental environment and connecting devices such as resistors and capacitors outside the experimental environment through wires. Various operations can be performed on the test devices outside the experimental environment, which improves the convenience of testing. In addition, the performance of superconducting materials in a changing environment can be tested by changing the temperature of the experimental environment and the current passing through the superconducting materials, thereby improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the test. When determining the superconducting impedance variation coefficient, the amplified first test voltage can be measured by a voltage amplifier to make the test more sensitive, and the resistance of the wire can be considered in the calculation to improve the accuracy of the test. The superconducting material can also be indirectly tested by parallel connection to determine the voltage and current at both ends of the superconducting material, and then determine the resistance value of the superconducting material at different temperatures, thereby determining the measured impedance variation rate, and the maximum value of the measured impedance variation rate is used as the superconducting impedance variation coefficient to accurately describe the maximum error between the theoretical impedance variation rate and the measured impedance variation rate of the superconducting material. When determining the first relationship function, the coefficient to be determined can be set and solved to determine the proportional coefficient of the change in resistance value to the change in temperature when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, and the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient can be obtained to accurately describe the law of resistance value increasing with temperature. When determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material, the contrast between the superconducting impedance change coefficient and the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient can be used to describe the performance of the superconducting material when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, and the ratio of the preset temperature change rate to the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient can be used to describe the performance of the superconducting material when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature. Thus, the temperature performance score is determined by the performance in the two states, and the accuracy, objectivity and comprehensiveness of the temperature performance score are improved. When determining the current density performance score, the current density performance score can be obtained by measuring the ratio between the measured critical value of the power supply voltage that can enable the superconducting material to maintain its superconducting properties and the theoretical critical value of the power supply voltage that can enable the superconducting material to maintain its superconducting properties. This can be used to indirectly detect and determine whether the actual critical value of the current density of the superconducting material can reach the above-mentioned theoretical current density, thereby improving the convenience of detection and accurately and objectively describing the current density performance of the superconducting material, as well as its adaptability to current increase and the practicality of the superconducting material.

[0010] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and do not limit the present invention. Other features and aspects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0012] Figure 1 A flow chart of a superconducting material performance testing method based on environmental detection according to an embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily shown;

[0013] Figure 2 A block diagram of a superconducting material performance testing system based on environmental detection according to an embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail with specific embodiments below. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments.

[0016] Figure 1A flow chart of a superconducting material performance testing method based on environmental detection according to an embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily shown, the method comprising: step S101, placing a superconducting material in an experimental environment, connecting it in series with a first resistance device and a DC power supply outside the experimental environment through a wire of a first preset length, and connecting it in parallel with a second resistance device outside the experimental environment through a wire of a second preset length; step S102, connecting the two ends of the second resistance device to the input end of a voltage amplifier; step S103, changing the temperature in the experimental environment at multiple moments in a first test cycle, and after a first preset time period, turning on the DC power supply, adjusting the voltage of the DC power supply to a first preset voltage, and measuring a first test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier, wherein the temperature at the first moment in the first test cycle is the first preset temperature, and the duration of the first preset time period is less than the corresponding The interval between adjacent moments; step S104, determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material according to the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment; step S105, disconnecting the DC power supply, removing the second resistor, and connecting the superconducting material in parallel with the first capacitor outside the experimental environment, connecting the two ends of the first capacitor to the input of the voltage amplifier, and adjusting the temperature of the experimental environment to a first preset temperature; step S106, turning on the DC power supply, and changing the voltage of the DC power supply at multiple moments in the second test cycle, and measuring the second test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier after the second preset time period; step S107, determining the current density performance score of the superconducting material according to the voltage of the DC power supply and the second test voltage; step S108, determining the performance test score of the superconducting material according to the temperature performance score and the current density performance score.

[0017] According to the superconducting material performance testing method based on environmental detection in an embodiment of the present invention, the superconducting material performance can be tested by placing the superconducting material in an experimental environment and connecting devices such as resistors and capacitors outside the experimental environment through wires. Various operations can be performed on the test devices outside the experimental environment, thereby improving the convenience of testing. In addition, the performance of the superconducting material in a changing environment can be tested by changing the temperature of the experimental environment and the current passing through the superconducting material, thereby improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the test.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S101, the superconducting material needs to be in a strict experimental environment to achieve superconducting performance, for example, the temperature in the experimental environment is set to an ultra-low temperature environment, and a first resistor and a DC power supply outside the experimental environment are connected in series through a first preset length of wire to prevent short circuit during testing. And a second resistor outside the experimental environment is connected in parallel through a second preset length of wire, so as to indirectly detect the voltage value at both ends of the superconducting material by detecting the voltage value at both ends of the second resistor, thereby eliminating the need to perform test operations in the experimental environment, thereby improving the convenience of testing.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S102, even if the temperature in the experimental environment changes, so that the superconducting performance of the superconducting material cannot be achieved, the resistance value of the superconducting material is still small in this case, and the voltage at both ends is still low, resulting in a low voltage at both ends of the second resistor connected in parallel. In order to improve the detection sensitivity, the two ends of the second resistor can be connected to the input end of the voltage amplifier, so as to detect the change of the voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier, thereby inferring the change of the voltage at both ends of the second resistor, that is, the change of the voltage at both ends of the superconducting material. Thereby, the sensitivity and accuracy of the detection can be improved, and it is avoided that the detection equipment cannot detect due to the small resistance of the superconducting material and the low voltage.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S103, in order to test the performance of the superconducting material at various temperatures, the temperature in the experimental environment may be changed at multiple moments in the first test cycle while keeping other parameters (e.g., DC power supply voltage, air pressure in the environment, magnetic field in the environment, etc.) unchanged. For example, the duration of the first test cycle is 3 hours, and the time interval between adjacent moments is 10 minutes. The present invention does not limit the duration of the first test cycle and the time interval between adjacent moments. After changing the temperature in the experimental environment (e.g., adjusting the temperature setting in the experimental environment), a first preset time period may be waited for so that the temperature in the experimental environment reaches the changed temperature. For example, the duration of the first preset time period is 5 minutes. The present invention does not limit the duration of the first preset time period. After the temperature in the experimental environment reaches the changed temperature, the DC power supply may be turned on and adjusted to the first preset voltage, and the first test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier may be measured. The temperature at the first moment in the first test cycle is the first preset temperature, which may be lower than the theoretical critical temperature of the superconducting material. That is, in theory, when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than the theoretical critical temperature, the superconducting material may achieve superconducting performance, otherwise, the superconducting performance cannot be achieved. At subsequent times, the temperature in the experimental environment can be gradually increased to test whether the superconducting properties of the superconducting material will change below the theoretical critical temperature, and to test how the conductive properties of the superconducting material will change above the theoretical critical temperature.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S104, the conductivity of the superconducting material when the temperature changes can be determined based on the first test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier detected after adjusting the temperature in the experimental environment for multiple times, and the temperature in the experimental environment. For example, the voltage across the superconducting material can be determined by the first test voltage, thereby determining the conductivity of the superconducting material.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature performance score of the superconducting material is determined according to the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment, including: determining the theoretical critical temperature of the superconducting material, wherein the theoretical critical temperature is higher than the first preset temperature; determining the amplification factor of the voltage amplifier; determining the third resistance value of the wire of the first preset length, and the fourth resistance value of the wire of the second preset length; determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value and the first test voltage.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the test can be divided into two stages, namely, a stage in which the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature and a stage in which the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, so as to respectively determine whether the superconducting material has superconducting properties when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, and the conductive properties of the superconducting material when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature. The first preset temperature can be set to be lower than the theoretical critical temperature, and the temperature in the experimental environment can be gradually increased at various moments. During the increase process, the temperature at some moments is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, and the temperature at other moments is higher than the theoretical critical temperature.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to further improve the accuracy of the test, a third resistance value of the wire of the first preset length and a fourth resistance value of the wire of the second preset length may be determined.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature performance score of the superconducting material is determined according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, and the first test voltage, including: when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, the superconducting impedance variation coefficient of the superconducting material is determined according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, the first test voltage, the resistance value of the first resistor device, and the resistance value of the second resistor device; when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, the undetermined coefficient equation of the first relationship function between the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment is determined according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, the first test voltage, the resistance value of the first resistor device, and the resistance value of the second resistor device; according to multiple temperatures in the experimental environment and multiple first test voltages, the solution value of the undetermined coefficient is determined, and a first relationship function is obtained; according to the first relationship function, the non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient of the superconducting material is determined; according to the superconducting impedance variation coefficient and the non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient, the temperature performance score of the superconducting material is determined.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in theory, when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, the impedance of the superconducting material should always remain at 0, but the actual situation may differ from the theoretical situation, especially when approaching the theoretical critical temperature, the impedance of the superconducting material may change. Therefore, in this case, the rate of change of the impedance of the superconducting material with temperature may not be 0, and the change of impedance with temperature can be described by the superconducting impedance variation coefficient.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, determining the superconducting impedance variation coefficient of the superconducting material according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, the first test voltage, the resistance value of the first resistance device, and the resistance value of the second resistance device includes:

[0028] According to formula (1), the superconducting impedance variation coefficient of the superconducting material is determined ,

[0029] (1),

[0030] in, is the first test voltage at the i-th moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than the theoretical critical temperature, is the first test voltage when the temperature in the experimental environment is equal to the theoretical critical temperature, is a first preset voltage of the DC power supply, is the resistance value of the first resistance device, is the resistance value of the second resistance device, is the third resistance value, is the fourth resistance value, k is the amplification factor, is the temperature at the i-th moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than the theoretical critical temperature, is the theoretical critical temperature, is the moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is equal to the theoretical critical temperature, if is the conditional function, and max is the maximum value function.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in formula (1), the conditional function Indicates that when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than the theoretical critical temperature, the first test voltage at the i-th moment is not equal to 0, the conditional function value is , otherwise it is 0. , that is, the output end of the voltage amplifier detects a voltage value that is not 0, and the voltage value of the input end of the voltage amplifier is also not 0. The input end of the voltage amplifier is connected to the second resistor, and the second resistor is connected in parallel with the superconducting material. Therefore, the voltage across the superconducting material is not 0. In other words, there is a potential difference across the superconducting material, that is, the resistance of the superconducting material is not 0, indicating that the superconducting material does not have superconducting characteristics at the temperature at the i-th moment, that is, the actual conductivity of the superconducting material at this temperature deviates from the theory, and the size of the deviation can be calculated. In this case, the voltage across the second resistor is , in order to improve the calculation accuracy, the resistance of the wire can be considered, so the total resistance of the second resistor and the wire of the second preset length is , then the voltage across the second resistor and the second preset length of the wire, and the voltage across the superconducting material connected in parallel therewith are both In this case, the voltage across the first resistor and the first predetermined length of wire is Therefore, the current value in the first preset length of wire is , which current value is the sum of the current flowing through the second resistor and the wire of the second preset length and the current flowing through the superconducting material. The current flowing through the second resistor and the wire of the second preset length is , so the current flowing through the superconducting material is , and we can know that the resistance value of the superconducting material at this time is , sorted out Similarly, it can be determined that when the temperature in the experimental environment is equal to the theoretical critical temperature, the resistance value of the superconducting material is The resistance value of superconducting materials usually increases with the increase of temperature. Therefore, if the resistance value of the superconducting material at the i-th moment is not 0, then when the temperature in the experimental environment is equal to the theoretical critical temperature, the resistance value of the superconducting material is also not 0. The impedance change rate between the two is If the conductivity of the superconducting material is consistent with the theory, then when the temperature of the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, the resistance value of the superconducting material is 0, and the impedance change rate is also 0. If the conductivity of the superconducting material is different from the theory, the impedance change rate is not 0. Therefore, the conditional function value is the error between the theoretical impedance change rate and the measured impedance change rate of the superconducting material. The maximum value can be taken from the conditional function values ​​corresponding to the moment when the temperature in multiple experimental environments is lower than the theoretical critical temperature to represent the maximum error between the theoretical impedance change rate and the measured impedance change rate of the superconducting material. The maximum error can be used as the superconducting impedance change coefficient of the superconducting material.

[0032] In this way, the amplified first test voltage can be measured by a voltage amplifier, making the test more sensitive, and the resistance of the wire is taken into account in the calculation to improve the test accuracy. The superconducting material can also be tested indirectly in parallel connection to determine the voltage and current at both ends of the superconducting material, and then determine the resistance value of the superconducting material at different temperatures, thereby determining the measured impedance change rate, and using the maximum value of the measured impedance change rate as the superconducting impedance change coefficient to accurately describe the maximum error between the theoretical impedance change rate and the measured impedance change rate of the superconducting material.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, the superconducting material will lose its superconducting properties, that is, there will be a resistance value that is not 0, and as the temperature rises, the resistance value will increase. The law of resistance value increasing with temperature can be determined, and based on this law, the availability of the superconducting material when the temperature is higher than the theoretical critical temperature can be determined, that is, the lower the rate of change of resistance value with temperature increase, the less sensitive the superconducting material is to temperature. In other words, even if the extreme temperature changes significantly, the resistance value of the superconducting material will not be significantly affected.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in order to determine the above-mentioned rule, the undetermined coefficient equation of the first relationship function between the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment can be determined. When the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, the undetermined coefficient equation of the first relationship function between the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment is determined according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, the first test voltage, the resistance value of the first resistance device and the resistance value of the second resistance device, including: according to formula (2), determining the undetermined coefficient equation of the first relationship function between the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature,

[0035] (2)

[0036] in, is the first test voltage at the jth moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, is the temperature at the jth moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, and is the coefficient to be determined.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in formula (2), The meaning of is as described above and will not be repeated here. Similarly, is the resistance value of the superconducting material at the jth moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature. Formula (2) can be used to describe the change law of the resistance value when the temperature in the experimental environment changes. That is, the resistance value of the superconducting material at the jth moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature is set to the unknown coefficient θ 1 , as the proportional coefficient of the change in resistance value to the change in temperature, and set the undetermined coefficient θ 2 As a residual term, the fitting accuracy can be improved. After adjusting the temperature in the experimental environment for multiple times and measuring the first test voltage for multiple times, the multiple temperatures and the first test voltage can be substituted into formula (2) for solving, and the solution value of the unknown coefficient can be obtained, thereby obtaining the first relationship function.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the coefficients to be determined can be The solution value of The non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient of a superconducting material is the proportionality coefficient between the resistance change and the temperature change when the superconducting condition is not met (i.e., the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature), that is, the resistance change rate.

[0039] In this way, by setting the unknown coefficients and solving them, the proportional coefficient between the change in resistance and the change in temperature when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature can be determined, and the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient can be obtained to accurately describe the law of resistance value increasing with temperature.

[0040] According to one embodiment of the present invention, determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material according to the superconducting impedance variation coefficient and the non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient includes: determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material according to formula (3): ,

[0041] (3)

[0042] in, is the superconducting impedance variation coefficient, is the non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient, is the preset resistance value, To preset the use temperature, is the theoretical critical temperature, and The preset weights.

[0043] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in formula (3), It can be used to express the contrast score of superconducting impedance variation coefficient and non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient. The smaller it is, the greater the difference between the superconducting impedance change coefficient and the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient. It can also mean that when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, the impedance change rate of the superconducting material is lower, the impedance is closer to 0, and the more consistent with the theoretical situation, making the contrast score higher. When the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, the performance of the superconducting material when the temperature changes is better.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in formula (3), is the preset temperature change rate when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, It is the ratio of the preset temperature change rate to the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient. The larger the ratio is, the smaller the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient is, and the slower the rate at which the resistance of the superconducting material increases with rising temperature. It can also indicate that the usability of the superconducting material is better when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, and the better the performance when the temperature changes.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above two items may be weightedly summed to obtain a temperature performance score of the superconducting material, thereby comprehensively describing the performance of the superconducting material when the temperature changes.

[0046] In this way, the performance of the superconducting material when the temperature changes when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature can be described by the contrast between the superconducting impedance change coefficient and the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient, and the performance of the superconducting material when the temperature changes when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature can be described by the ratio of the preset temperature change rate to the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient. The temperature performance score is determined by the performance in the two states, thereby improving the accuracy, objectivity and comprehensiveness of the temperature performance score.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S105, after obtaining the temperature performance score, the DC power supply can be disconnected, the second resistor can be removed and the first capacitor can be connected to the wire of the second preset length, so that the first capacitor is connected in parallel with the superconducting material, and when testing the current density performance of the superconducting material, there is no need to determine the resistance change law of the superconducting material, only whether there is a voltage at both ends of the superconducting material needs to be determined. Therefore, the law of capacitor charging under voltage can be used to determine whether there is a voltage at both ends of the superconducting material connected in parallel with the first capacitor. In addition, when the circuit is a DC circuit, no current flows through the capacitor at other times except during the charging period, that is, the branch of the capacitor can remain in an open circuit state, so that when the current density of the superconducting material exceeds the critical value, the current will not flow through the branch of the capacitor, but will still flow entirely from the branch of the superconducting material, so that the phenomenon of increased resistance of the superconducting material due to excessive current density can be more clearly observed.

[0048] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S106, since the temperature of the experimental environment is the first preset temperature, which is lower than the theoretical critical temperature, when the current flowing through the superconducting material does not exceed the critical value (i.e., the theoretical superconducting current), the superconducting material has superconducting characteristics, that is, the resistance value is 0. After the DC power supply is turned on, the voltage of the DC power supply can be changed at multiple moments in the second post-test cycle. For example, the duration of the second test cycle is 30 minutes, and the time interval between adjacent moments is 2 minutes. The second preset time period can be used to charge the first capacitor when there is a voltage at both ends of the superconducting material. The second preset time period is shorter than the time interval between adjacent moments. For example, the duration of the second preset time period is 1 minute. The present invention does not limit the duration of the second test cycle, the time interval between adjacent moments, and the duration of the second preset time period.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S107, the voltage of the DC power supply may be gradually increased at multiple times, and as the voltage increases, the current in the circuit increases, and the capacitor cannot shunt the current, resulting in an increase in the current flowing through the superconducting material. When the current increases to a certain extent, the current flowing through the superconducting material exceeds a critical value, which will cause the superconducting material to lose its superconducting properties. It can be tested whether the current at which the superconducting material loses its superconducting properties is consistent with the theoretical critical value.

[0050] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the current density performance score of the superconducting material is determined according to the voltage of the DC power supply and the second test voltage, including: determining the theoretical current density of the superconducting material and the cross-sectional area of ​​the superconducting material; determining the theoretical superconducting current of the superconducting material according to the theoretical current density and the cross-sectional area; determining the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage according to the theoretical superconducting current, the resistance value of the first resistor and the third resistance value; setting the voltage of the DC power supply at the first moment in the second test cycle to a voltage value less than the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage, and setting the voltage of the DC power supply at the last moment in the second test cycle to a voltage value greater than the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage; determining the current density performance score of the superconducting material according to the voltage of the power supply voltage, the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage and the second test voltage.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the product of the theoretical current density and the cross-sectional area of ​​the superconducting material is the theoretical superconducting current, which is the critical value of the above current. When the theoretical superconducting current flows through the superconducting material, the theoretical resistance value of the superconducting material is still 0. At this time, the resistance in the circuit only includes the first resistance device and the first preset length of the wire. The total resistance value is the sum of the resistance value of the first resistance device and the third resistance value. The total resistance value is multiplied by the theoretical superconducting current, which is the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage of the DC power supply. When the voltage of the DC power supply is less than or equal to the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage, the superconducting material can maintain the superconducting characteristics. When the voltage of the DC power supply is greater than the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage, the current density in the superconducting material is too large, and the superconducting characteristics are lost, and the resistance value is increased, so that the current value in the circuit is reduced. In the second test cycle, the voltage of the DC power supply at the first moment is set to a voltage value less than the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage, and the voltage value of the DC power supply is gradually increased at each moment, and the voltage of the DC power supply at the last moment is set to a voltage value greater than the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the current density performance score of the superconducting material is determined according to the voltage of the power supply voltage, the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage and the second test voltage, including: uniformly increasing the voltage of the power supply voltage at multiple moments in the second test cycle, and recording the last moment when the second test voltage is 0, and the power supply voltage corresponding to the last moment when the second test voltage is 0; according to formula (4), the current density performance score of the superconducting material is determined ,

[0053] (4)

[0054] in, is the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage, is the power supply voltage corresponding to the last moment when the second test voltage is 0.

[0055] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the power supply voltage can be uniformly increased at multiple moments in the second test cycle, and the second test voltage is detected after each adjustment. If the second test voltage is no longer 0 after a certain adjustment, it means that the current in the superconducting material exceeds the critical value, and the power supply voltage before the adjustment is , which can be used as the measured critical value of the power supply voltage that can make the superconducting material maintain its superconducting properties, and the above theoretical superconducting power supply voltage is the critical value of the power supply voltage that can theoretically make the superconducting material maintain its superconducting properties. The ratio of the two can be used as the current density performance score of the superconducting material, which can be used to describe whether the critical value of the measured power supply voltage can reach the critical value of the theoretical power supply voltage, and can also describe whether the critical value of the actual current density of the superconducting material can reach the above theoretical current density. The higher the current density performance score, the closer the critical value of the actual current density is to the theoretical current density, the stronger the current density performance of the superconducting material, the stronger the adaptability to current increase, and the stronger the practicality of the superconducting material.

[0056] In this way, the current density performance score can be obtained by measuring the ratio between the measured critical value of the power supply voltage that can enable the superconducting material to maintain its superconducting properties and the critical value of the power supply voltage that can theoretically enable the superconducting material to maintain its superconducting properties, so as to indirectly detect and determine whether the actual critical value of the current density of the superconducting material can reach the above-mentioned theoretical current density, thereby improving the convenience of detection, and accurately and objectively describing the current density performance of the superconducting material, its adaptability to current increase, and the practicality of the superconducting material.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S108, the temperature performance score and the current density performance score may be weighted and summed to obtain a performance test score of the superconducting material, which may be used to comprehensively describe the performance of the superconducting material from two aspects of the temperature performance and current density performance of the superconducting material.

[0058] According to the superconducting material performance testing method based on environmental detection of the embodiment of the present invention, the superconducting material performance can be tested by placing the superconducting material in an experimental environment and connecting the resistance period and capacitor devices outside the experimental environment through a wire. A variety of operations can be performed on the test device outside the experimental environment, which improves the convenience of the test. In addition, the performance of the superconducting material in a changing environment can be tested by changing the temperature of the experimental environment and the current passing through the superconducting material, thereby improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the test. When determining the superconducting impedance variation coefficient, the amplified first test voltage can be measured by a voltage amplifier to make the test more sensitive, and the resistance of the wire is considered in the calculation to improve the accuracy of the test. The superconducting material can also be indirectly tested by a parallel connection method to determine the voltage and current at both ends of the superconducting material, and then determine the resistance value of the superconducting material at different temperatures, thereby determining the measured impedance variation rate, and the maximum value of the measured impedance variation rate is used as the superconducting impedance variation coefficient to accurately describe the maximum error between the theoretical impedance variation rate and the measured impedance variation rate of the superconducting material. When determining the first relationship function, the coefficient to be determined can be set and solved to determine the proportional coefficient of the change in resistance value to the change in temperature when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, and the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient can be obtained to accurately describe the law of resistance value increasing with temperature. When determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material, the contrast between the superconducting impedance change coefficient and the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient can be used to describe the performance of the superconducting material when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, and the ratio of the preset temperature change rate to the non-superconducting impedance change coefficient can be used to describe the performance of the superconducting material when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature. Thus, the temperature performance score is determined by the performance in the two states, and the accuracy, objectivity and comprehensiveness of the temperature performance score are improved. When determining the current density performance score, the current density performance score can be obtained by measuring the ratio between the measured critical value of the power supply voltage that can enable the superconducting material to maintain its superconducting properties and the theoretical critical value of the power supply voltage that can enable the superconducting material to maintain its superconducting properties. This can be used to indirectly detect and determine whether the actual critical value of the current density of the superconducting material can reach the above-mentioned theoretical current density, thereby improving the convenience of detection and accurately and objectively describing the current density performance of the superconducting material, as well as its adaptability to current increase and the practicality of the superconducting material.

[0059] Figure 2A block diagram of a superconducting material performance testing system based on environmental detection according to an embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily shown, the system comprising: a first connection module, used to place the superconducting material in an experimental environment, and connect it in series with a first resistance device and a DC power supply outside the experimental environment through a wire of a first preset length, and connect it in parallel with a second resistance device outside the experimental environment through a wire of a second preset length; an access module, used to connect the two ends of the second resistance device to the input end of the voltage amplifier; a temperature testing module, used to change the temperature in the experimental environment at multiple moments in a first test cycle, and after a first preset time period, turn on the DC power supply, adjust the voltage of the DC power supply to the first preset voltage, and measure the first test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier, wherein the temperature at the first moment in the first test cycle is the first preset temperature, and the duration of the first preset time period is less than the interval between adjacent moments. a temperature performance scoring module, for determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material according to the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment; a second connection module, for disconnecting the DC power supply, removing the second resistor, and connecting the superconducting material in parallel with the first capacitor outside the experimental environment, connecting the two ends of the first capacitor to the input end of the voltage amplifier, and adjusting the temperature of the experimental environment to a first preset temperature; a current testing module, for connecting the DC power supply, and changing the voltage of the DC power supply at multiple times within the second test cycle, and measuring the second test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier after a second preset time period; a current density performance scoring module, for determining the current density performance score of the superconducting material according to the voltage of the DC power supply and the second test voltage; a performance test scoring module, for determining the performance test score of the superconducting material according to the temperature performance score and the current density performance score.

[0060] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the accompanying drawings are only examples and do not limit the present invention. The purpose of the present invention has been fully and effectively achieved. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been demonstrated and explained in the embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention may be deformed or modified in any way without departing from the principles.

Claims

1. A superconducting material performance testing method based on environmental detection, characterized in that: include: The superconducting material is placed in an experimental environment, connected in series with a first resistor and a DC power supply outside the experimental environment through a wire of a first preset length, and connected in parallel with a second resistor outside the experimental environment through a wire of a second preset length; both ends of the second resistor are connected to the input end of a voltage amplifier; at multiple moments in a first test cycle, the temperature in the experimental environment is changed, and after a first preset time period, the DC power supply is turned on, and the voltage of the DC power supply is adjusted to a first preset voltage, and a first test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier is measured, wherein the temperature at the first moment in the first test cycle is the first preset temperature, and the duration of the first preset time period is less than the interval between adjacent moments; according to the first Test the voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment to determine the temperature performance score of the superconducting material; disconnect the DC power supply, remove the second resistor, and connect the superconducting material in parallel with a first capacitor outside the experimental environment, connect both ends of the first capacitor to the input of the voltage amplifier, and adjust the temperature of the experimental environment to a first preset temperature; turn on the DC power supply, and change the voltage of the DC power supply at multiple times within a second test cycle, and measure the second test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier after a second preset time period; determine the current density performance score of the superconducting material based on the voltage of the DC power supply and the second test voltage; determine the performance test score of the superconducting material based on the temperature performance score and the current density performance score.

2. The method for testing superconducting material performance based on environmental detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determine a temperature performance score of a superconducting material according to the first test voltage and the temperature in an experimental environment, including: determining a theoretical critical temperature of the superconducting material, wherein the theoretical critical temperature is higher than the first preset temperature; determining an amplification factor of a voltage amplifier; determining a third resistance value of a wire of a first preset length, and a fourth resistance value of a wire of a second preset length; determine a temperature performance score of a superconducting material according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, and the first test voltage.

3. The method for testing superconducting material performance based on environmental detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, and the first test voltage, including: when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, determining the superconducting impedance variation coefficient of the superconducting material according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, the first test voltage, the resistance value of the first resistance device, and the resistance value of the second resistance device; when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, determining the undetermined coefficient equation of the first relationship function between the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, the first test voltage, the resistance value of the first resistance device, and the resistance value of the second resistance device; determining the solution value of the undetermined coefficient according to multiple temperatures in the experimental environment and multiple first test voltages, and obtaining the first relationship function; determining the non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient of the superconducting material according to the first relationship function; determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material according to the superconducting impedance variation coefficient and the non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient.

4. The method for testing superconducting material performance based on environmental detection according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than or equal to the theoretical critical temperature, determining the superconducting impedance variation coefficient of the superconducting material according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, the first test voltage, the resistance value of the first resistance device and the resistance value of the second resistance device includes: determining the superconducting impedance variation coefficient of the superconducting material according to the formula , determine the superconducting impedance variation coefficient of superconducting materials ,in, is the first test voltage at the i-th moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than the theoretical critical temperature, is the first test voltage when the temperature in the experimental environment is equal to the theoretical critical temperature, is a first preset voltage of the DC power supply, is the resistance value of the first resistance device, is the resistance value of the second resistance device, is the third resistance value, is the fourth resistance value, k is the amplification factor, is the temperature at the i-th moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is lower than the theoretical critical temperature, is the theoretical critical temperature, is the moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is equal to the theoretical critical temperature, if is the conditional function, and max is the maximum value function.

5. The method for testing superconducting material performance based on environmental detection according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the case where the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, determining the undetermined coefficient equation of the first relationship function between the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment according to the temperature in the experimental environment, the theoretical critical temperature, the amplification factor, the third resistance value, the fourth resistance value, the first test voltage, the resistance value of the first resistance device and the resistance value of the second resistance device, including: according to the formula , determine the undetermined coefficient equation of the first relationship function between the first test voltage and the temperature in the experimental environment when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, wherein, is the first test voltage at the jth moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, is the temperature at the jth moment when the temperature in the experimental environment is higher than the theoretical critical temperature, and is the coefficient to be determined.

6. The method for testing superconducting material performance based on environmental detection according to claim 3, characterized in that: Determining the temperature performance score of the superconducting material according to the superconducting impedance variation coefficient and the non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient includes: according to the formula , determine the temperature performance score of superconducting materials ,in, is the superconducting impedance variation coefficient, is the non-superconducting impedance variation coefficient, is the preset resistance value, To preset the use temperature, is the theoretical critical temperature, and The preset weights.

7. The method for testing superconducting material performance based on environmental detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determine the current density performance score of the superconducting material according to the voltage of the DC power supply and the second test voltage, including: determine the theoretical current density of the superconducting material and the cross-sectional area of ​​the superconducting material; determine the theoretical superconducting current of the superconducting material according to the theoretical current density and the cross-sectional area; determine the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage according to the theoretical superconducting current, the resistance value of the first resistor and the third resistance value; set the voltage of the DC power supply at the first moment in the second test cycle to a voltage value less than the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage, and set the voltage of the DC power supply at the last moment in the second test cycle to a voltage value greater than the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage; determine the current density performance score of the superconducting material according to the voltage of the power supply voltage, the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage and the second test voltage.

8. The method for testing superconducting material performance based on environmental detection according to claim 7, characterized in that: Determining the current density performance score of the superconducting material according to the voltage of the power supply voltage, the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage and the second test voltage, including: uniformly increasing the voltage of the power supply voltage at multiple moments in the second test cycle, and recording the last moment when the second test voltage is 0, and the power supply voltage corresponding to the last moment when the second test voltage is 0; according to the formula , determine the current density performance score of the superconducting material ,in, is the theoretical superconducting power supply voltage, is the power supply voltage corresponding to the last moment when the second test voltage is 0.

9. A superconducting material performance testing system based on environmental detection, characterized in that: include: A first connection module is used to place the superconducting material in an experimental environment, connect it in series with a first resistor and a DC power supply outside the experimental environment through a wire of a first preset length, and connect it in parallel with a second resistor outside the experimental environment through a wire of a second preset length; an access module is used to connect the two ends of the second resistor to the input end of the voltage amplifier; a temperature test module is used to change the temperature in the experimental environment at multiple moments in the first test cycle, and after a first preset time period, turn on the DC power supply, adjust the voltage of the DC power supply to the first preset voltage, and measure the first test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier, wherein the temperature at the first moment in the first test cycle is the first preset temperature, and the duration of the first preset time period is less than the interval between adjacent moments; a temperature performance scoring module is used to score the first test voltage according to the first test voltage. a second connection module, used to disconnect the DC power supply, remove the second resistor, connect the superconducting material in parallel with the first capacitor outside the experimental environment, connect the two ends of the first capacitor to the input end of the voltage amplifier, and adjust the temperature of the experimental environment to a first preset temperature; a current testing module, used to connect the DC power supply, and change the voltage of the DC power supply at multiple times within a second test cycle, and measure the second test voltage at the output end of the voltage amplifier after a second preset time period; a current density performance scoring module, used to determine the current density performance score of the superconducting material according to the voltage of the DC power supply and the second test voltage; a performance test scoring module, used to determine the performance test score of the superconducting material according to the temperature performance score and the current density performance score.

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