A high-precision building construction carbon emission real-time metering method and system

Abstract

The application provides a high-precision building construction carbon emission real-time measurement method and system, and belongs to the field of carbon emission calculation. In order to solve the problem that the calculation boundary needs to be determined when calculating the carbon emission of building construction, and the repeated calculation or missing items are easy to occur, resulting in a large deviation between the measurement result and the actual carbon emission. The application collects the consumption data of construction activities through automatic data collection means, uploads to the system platform through the Internet of Things, and finally calculates and analyzes the carbon emission data of each sub-construction activity in real time. The application considers the carbon emission calculation as a whole, explores the carbon emission of the whole project from the overall resource input and output, avoids the detailed analysis of the internal process link, and thus avoids the problem of multiple determination of the internal boundary of the project and the influence of construction uncertainty. Moreover, the calculation boundary is clear, the calculation process is simple, the calculation result is highly accurate, and the application has strong operability and promotion value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission calculation technology in building construction, and more specifically, to a high-precision real-time carbon emission measurement method and system for building construction. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are three main methods for measuring carbon emissions from building construction activities: accounting based on the IPCC inventory method, accounting based on life cycle analysis, and accounting based on input-output analysis. Regardless of the method, they are all based on the carbon footprint theory. By breaking down building activities, the consumption of each component is calculated separately according to the product of the emission factor and the consumption of the construction activity, and finally the total carbon emissions of the building are obtained.

[0003] For emission factors, process-based carbon emission analysis can directly obtain carbon emission factors by querying national or provincial standards and specifications according to construction activities. Input-output analysis can obtain carbon emission factors by multiplying the average carbon emission intensity of relevant sub-sectors / departments by the unit price of materials.

[0004] Regarding consumption, due to the complexity and significant uncertainty of consumption information during the construction phase, current measurement is mainly completed during the project design phase. This involves combining design drawings and construction organization design to extract the required resource inputs, achieving a static estimate of carbon emissions. However, this method only provides an overview of the overall carbon emissions of the entire construction project, failing to capture the relationship and trend of carbon emissions over time during construction. Furthermore, because this method requires defining the calculation boundaries of numerous stages, it is prone to double-counting or omissions, leading to inaccurate measurement results and significant discrepancies between the measured results and actual carbon emissions. For example, there is an existing patent for a method and system for calculating carbon emissions in building construction projects (application number: CN202410204816.X). The method includes the following steps: monitoring and collecting data on the construction process to obtain data on the use of building materials, the operation of construction equipment, energy consumption, and the transportation area of ​​building materials; performing carbon emission analysis and calculation based on these data to obtain carbon emission data for the construction project; and using visualization technology to perform real-time visualization of the carbon emission data to obtain a real-time carbon emission curve. Therefore, the urgent need is to obtain real-time consumption data for each component of construction activities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is:

[0006] To address the issue that carbon emissions calculations during building construction cannot be obtained in real time, and that the calculation boundaries need to be defined, which can easily lead to double counting or omissions, resulting in significant discrepancies between the measurement results and the actual carbon emissions.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0008] This invention provides a high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions during building construction, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S100, Data collection of construction activity consumption, including data collection of material production and transportation, data collection of machinery activities and data collection of personnel activities, and the acquisition of relevant data through smart weighbridges, trajectory tracking devices, smart commanders or exhaust gas sensors, current sensors, facial recognition systems and smart safety helmets and uploading them to the system, which then performs classification and statistics;

[0010] S200. Based on the construction activity consumption data collected in step S100, carbon emissions are measured in real time, including carbon emission measurement of material production and transportation, carbon emission measurement of machinery activities, and carbon emission measurement of personnel activities. For commonly used construction activity categories, the corresponding carbon emission factor is automatically called and the corresponding carbon emission is calculated based on the construction activity consumption data uploaded in real time by the Internet of Things. For less commonly used construction activity categories, the system collects carbon emission intensity data of various industrial sectors in China calculated based on the input-output method, and obtains the carbon emission factor of the construction activity in combination with the corresponding unit price of the construction activity.

[0011] S300: The real-time carbon emissions calculated in step S200 based on the data collected in step S100 are measured and updated in real time within the system. The results are then measured and displayed according to emission amount, real-time emission intensity, time period, and custom categories as needed for decision-making.

[0012] Further, step S100 includes:

[0013] S110. Data collection for material production: The system uses smart weighbridges to identify all building materials used in the entire project and upload them to the system in real time. The system then categorizes and statistically analyzes the information uploaded by the smart weighbridges based on the building material name, category, weight, and area of ​​use.

[0014] Data collection for material transportation involves tracking the trajectory of transported goods using a trajectory tracking device and uploading the data to the system in real time. The system then categorizes and statistically analyzes the cargo transportation information based on transportation section, transportation trajectory, transportation mileage, average speed, transportation duration, transportation equipment type, rated load, and actual load.

[0015] S120. Data collection for mechanical activities includes the collection of fuel and electricity consumption data. For fuel, for equipment with a unified fuel supply, the energy consumption data is uploaded to the system by a smart weighbridge. For equipment without a unified fuel supply, the mechanical commander or exhaust gas sensor uploads the mechanical operation data and energy consumption data to the system. The system classifies and statistically analyzes the data according to equipment name, equipment type, working time, idle time, downtime, working efficiency, and energy consumption. Electricity consumption is collected by a current sensor, which uploads all electricity resource information of the input project to the system. The system classifies and statistically analyzes the data according to monitoring date, real-time current, real-time voltage, daily electricity consumption, and cumulative electricity consumption.

[0016] S130. Data collection of personnel activities: The system uploads the information of personnel participating in construction each day to the system through a facial recognition system and smart safety helmets. The system classifies and statistically analyzes the data according to the collection date, personnel category, job type, start time, end time, and working hours.

[0017] Further, step S200 includes:

[0018] S210. The system establishes a multi-scale carbon emission database based on the data collected in step S100 to meet the carbon emission measurement needs of various building construction activities.

[0019] S220, carbon emission measurement of materials production and transportation, including,

[0020] The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions generated during the production and transportation of building materials is as follows:

[0021] C cl =C sc +C ys (1)

[0022] Among them, C cl The total carbon emissions generated during the material production and transportation stages; C sc The intrinsic carbon emissions of a material represent the carbon emissions generated during the production phase of the building material; C ys This represents the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of building materials.

[0023] S230, Calculation of carbon emissions from mechanical activities, calculating the carbon emissions generated by construction machinery from the fuel and electricity consumption of various construction machinery and equipment used in the construction process, including equipment with unified fuel supply, equipment without unified fuel supply, and electrical equipment.

[0024] S240. Calculation of carbon emissions from human activities. The formula for measuring carbon emissions from human activities is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, C rg Represents the carbon emissions generated by human activities; The representative represents the construction duration of construction trade type j on day i, collected through monitoring; α j CO2 emission factor representing human activities.

[0027] Further, step S220 includes:

[0028] S221. The measurement of carbon emissions generated during the material production stage shall take into account the loss and recycling of building materials and the amortization of building turnover materials.

[0029] Carbon emissions from materials production are measured using the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] in, This represents the total input quantity of building materials i for the project, as measured by the smart weighbridge. This represents the amount of recycled residual building material i in the project, as measured by a smart weighbridge. This represents the amount of recycled waste from building material i in the project, as measured by a smart weighbridge. The CO2 emission factor representing building material i; r j This represents the number of times building material i is turned over, where building material i includes main materials or turnover materials;

[0032] In the formula:

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] in, This represents the weight of the machinery and the weight of the building materials loaded during the m-th transport when the building material i, measured by the smart weighbridge, is entered into the project. The weight of the machinery during the m-th transport of building material i, measured by a smart weighbridge, is input into the project. This represents the weight of the machinery and the weight of the building materials loaded during the nth transport of the project when the remaining building material i is output as measured by the smart weighbridge. The weight of the machinery during the nth transport of excess building material i, measured by a smart weighbridge, when the project is output. This represents the weight of the machinery and the weight of the building materials loaded during the vth transport of waste building materials i, as measured by a smart weighbridge. The weight of the machinery during the vth transport of waste building material i, measured by a smart weighbridge, is the weight of the machinery during the project's output.

[0036] Therefore, the formulas for calculating the recycling rate and loss rate of building materials in this project are as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Where, ω i L represents the recycling rate of building material i in this project, including surplus material recycling and waste material recycling; i This represents the loss rate of building material i in the project; The design quantity of building material i for this project is obtained from design drawings or BIM models;

[0039] S222. Carbon emissions generated during the material transportation phase are measured using the following formula, taking into account factors that significantly impact carbon emissions from material transportation, such as the number of transport trips, volume effects, load fluctuations, empty return trips, transport routes, and transport distances:

[0040]

[0041] in, This represents the carbon emissions generated by transport machinery carrying goods to the project site. β represents the carbon emissions generated by the transport machinery during its return journey from the project site when it is unloaded; β represents the energy consumption reduction coefficient of the transport machinery when it is unloaded.

[0042] The weight of building material i, measured by a smart weighbridge, is the weight of the building material during the m-th transport when the data is entered into the project; q im The rated load capacity of the transport machinery used for the m-th transport of building material i; D represents the load factor of building material i during its m-th transport; im This represents the transportation distance of building material i during its m-th transport. This represents the CO2 emission factor of the transport machinery used during the m-th transport of building material i.

[0043] Further, step S230 includes:

[0044] S231. The carbon emission measurement of machinery supplying fuel in a unified manner is obtained by measuring the fuel consumption of the machinery, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] in, Carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that uses a unified fuel supply; This represents the amount of energy j consumed by the i-th unified oil supply point; CO2 emission factor representing energy j;

[0047] S232. For construction machinery using different fuel supplies, the energy consumption of each piece of machinery per shift is monitored by the machinery commander. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] T m =t m / 8 (14)

[0050] in, The carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that does not have a unified fuel supply; n m This represents the number of construction machines, m. T represents the amount of energy j consumed by construction machinery m per work shift; m The number of workstations for construction machinery (m); t m This represents the working time of construction machinery m as monitored by the machinery commander.

[0051] S233. Carbon emissions from power construction machinery are obtained by measuring the electrical energy consumption of the machinery, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by power construction machinery; EC k α represents the power consumption data obtained from the k-th power monitoring point; 电 This represents the CO2 emission factor of electricity in the project's location.

[0054] Furthermore, in formula (3), the r of the main material j The value is set to 1, and the value for turnover materials is determined according to the standard specifications.

[0055] Furthermore, in formulas (9) and (10), β takes the value of 0.6.

[0056] A high-precision real-time carbon emission metering system for building construction is provided. The system has program modules corresponding to the above steps and executes the steps in the high-precision real-time carbon emission metering method for building construction during operation.

[0057] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program configured to implement, when invoked by a processor, the steps of a high-precision real-time carbon emission measurement method for building construction.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0059] (1) Improve the accuracy of carbon emission measurement. Construction carbon emissions can be divided into necessary carbon emissions and unnecessary carbon emissions according to their variability. Necessary carbon emissions are generated by resource consumption determined by the building theory design. Variable carbon emissions will fluctuate within a certain range due to the uncertainty of construction, depending on factors such as management level, process and method, and work efficiency. The carbon emission measurement method proposed in this invention can accurately measure variable carbon emissions, providing data support and strategy analysis for energy conservation and emission reduction in construction.

[0060] (2) Improve the data composition of carbon emission measurement in construction. The carbon emission measurement method proposed in this invention also collects data such as resource consumption time and construction procedures when collecting resource consumption data. It can fully reflect the dynamic generation process and changing trend of carbon emissions in construction. In this way, the construction links with high emission intensity and large data fluctuations can be focused on and analyzed in detail. Based on the analysis results, corresponding management measures can be formulated to intervene, thereby achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0061] (3) Assisting construction management decision-making: The essence of various energy-saving and emission-reduction measures in the construction process is to optimize resource allocation, thereby reducing unnecessary resource consumption and achieving the goal of reducing carbon emissions; while the essence of construction management is to improve resource allocation efficiency through various management means, and ultimately maximize the comprehensive benefits of multiple objectives such as progress, cost, safety, and quality of on-site construction. Therefore, construction management and carbon emission management are highly correlated; this invention provides accurate and reliable carbon emission data for construction management through high-precision dynamic carbon emission measurement, providing a new perspective, new data and new methods for construction management decision-making, and maximizing resource allocation efficiency.

[0062] (4) Optimize the carbon emission measurement method for construction. The carbon emission measurement method proposed in this invention integrates carbon emission measurement with on-site construction management, treats the construction project as a whole for measurement resource input and output, and is quick and simple to deploy. It solves the thorny problem of difficult measurement boundary division, greatly reduces the difficulty of carbon emission measurement for construction, and greatly improves the accuracy of carbon emission measurement. Through the promotion and application of this method, the carbon emission accounting mechanism of construction projects / enterprises can be improved, and the construction of a unified and standardized carbon emission measurement system for construction can be promoted. It can provide a large amount of reliable data support and a consistent analytical basis for the formulation of energy conservation and emission reduction standards in the construction industry, and thus solidly promote the "dual carbon" process. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a high-precision real-time carbon emission measurement method for building construction in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "third" mentioned in the embodiments of this invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0065] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0066] Specific Implementation Plan 1: Combining Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions during building construction, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S100, Data collection of construction activity consumption, including data collection of material production and transportation, mechanical activities, and personnel activities, specifically including:

[0068] S110. The data collection for the material production is carried out by using a smart weighbridge to identify all the building materials in the entire project and upload them to the system in real time. The weighbridge data collected by the system includes the name, category, quantity, and usage area information of each building material entering the site. After all the above information is collected and stored, the building material entry information can be classified and statistically analyzed according to name, category, and usage area to realize classified display and classified measurement, thereby realizing the system's analysis function.

[0069] The data collection for the material transportation is achieved by tracking the trajectory of the transported goods and uploading it in real time through a mobile app. The system collects and stores all the transportation section, transportation trajectory, transportation mileage, average speed, transportation time, transportation equipment type, rated load, and actual load information collected by the mobile app, and can classify and statistically analyze the transportation record information according to transportation equipment type, transportation section, and average speed.

[0070] S120. The data on mechanical activities includes the collection of fuel and electricity consumption data. For fuel, the energy consumption data of uniformly supplied fuel is uploaded to the system by a smart weighbridge. The fuel input data of the project is also uploaded to the system by a smart weighbridge. For equipment not supplied with uniform fuel, the mechanical commander or exhaust gas sensor uploads the mechanical operation data and energy consumption data to the system. The system collects and stores all information on the equipment name, equipment type, working time, idle time, downtime, working efficiency, and energy consumption of the fuel-consuming equipment. It can also classify and statistically analyze equipment activity information according to equipment name, equipment type, and working time. For electricity consumption, the system uploads all power resource information of the project to the system through a current sensor. The system collects and stores all information on the monitoring date, real-time current, real-time voltage, daily electricity consumption, and cumulative electricity consumption collected by the power sensor. It can also classify and statistically analyze electricity consumption according to daily, weekly, monthly, and cumulative electricity consumption.

[0071] The intelligent mechanical commander comes from Shenzhen Annosheng Technology Co., Ltd., and can also be called an intelligent vehicle fuel consumption monitor.

[0072] S130. The data collection of personnel activities is achieved by uploading the information of personnel participating in construction each day to the system through facial recognition and smart safety helmets. The system will collect and store all the information, including the collection date, personnel category, job category, working hours, off-hours, and working hours, and can classify and statistically analyze the data according to the collection time period, personnel category, and job category.

[0073] S200. Based on the construction activity consumption data collected in step S100, perform real-time carbon emission measurement, including carbon emission measurement of material production and transportation, carbon emission measurement of machinery activities, and carbon emission measurement of personnel activities, specifically including:

[0074] S210. The system establishes a multi-scale carbon emission database based on the data collected in step S100 to meet the carbon emission measurement needs of various construction activities. For commonly used construction activity categories, the system automatically calls the corresponding carbon emission factor based on the real-time consumption data of construction activities uploaded by the Internet of Things. For less commonly used construction activity categories, the system collects carbon emission intensity data of various industrial sectors in China calculated based on the input-output method, and the carbon emission factor of the construction activity can be obtained by combining it with the unit price of the corresponding construction activity.

[0075] The network mainly completes the 5G transmission of information from various data acquisition instruments to the analysis platform, including the data acquisition instruments, edge computing nodes (5G bridges, responsible for forwarding data from the data acquisition to the analysis platform), 5G gateways (used to send and receive platform data information) and servers (locally deployed or cloud deployed, carrying the analysis platform) involved in steps S100 and S210.

[0076] S220, carbon emission measurement of materials production and transportation, including,

[0077] The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions generated during the production and transportation of building materials is as follows:

[0078] C cl =C sc +C ys (1-1)

[0079] Among them, C cl The total carbon emissions generated during the material production and transportation stages; C sc The intrinsic carbon emissions of a material represent the carbon emissions generated during the production phase of the building material; C ys This represents the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of building materials.

[0080] S221. The carbon emission measurement generated during the material production stage is essentially obtained by multiplying the accurate measurement of the amount of all building materials used in the project construction by the corresponding carbon emission factor. In order to ensure high-precision measurement of the amount of building materials used in construction, this invention considers the loss of building materials, recycling, and amortization of building turnover materials.

[0081] Carbon emissions from materials production are measured using the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] in, This represents the total input quantity of building materials i (main materials or turnover materials) for the project, as measured by the smart weighbridge. This represents the amount of recycled residual material of building material i (main material or turnover material) of the project, as measured by a smart weighbridge;

[0084] This represents the amount of recycled waste from building material i (main material or reusable material) of the project, as measured by a smart weighbridge. CO2 emission factor (kgCO2 / m³) representing building material i (main material or reusable material) 3 (kgCO2 / t); r j This represents the number of times building material i is turned over, where the main material is taken as 1, and the value of the turnover material is determined according to the standard specifications;

[0085] In the formula:

[0086]

[0087] in, When the weight of building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the smart weighbridge is entered into the project, it represents the weight of the machinery and the weight of the building materials loaded during the m-th transport. The weight of the machinery during the m-th transport is represented by the weight of building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the smart weighbridge when it is entered into the project. Represents the building measured by a smart weighbridge

[0088] When material i (main material or turnover material) is output as surplus material for this project, the weight of the machinery itself and the weight of the building materials loaded during the nth transport; The weight of the machinery during the nth transport of leftover building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the smart weighbridge when the project is output. This represents the weight of the machinery and the weight of the building materials loaded during the vth transport of waste building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the smart weighbridge. The weight of the machinery during the vth transport of waste building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the smart weighbridge when the project is output.

[0089] The aforementioned standard specification refers to the National Unified Basic Quota Compilation Manual for Building Engineering (Civil Engineering).

[0090] Therefore, the formulas for calculating the recycling rate and loss rate of building materials in this project are as follows:

[0091]

[0092] Where, ω i Represents the recycling rate of building materials i (main materials or reusable materials) for this project, including surplus material recycling and waste material recycling; L i This represents the loss rate of building material i (main material or reusable material) for the project; The design quantity of building material i (main material or temporary material) for this project can be obtained from design drawings or BIM model;

[0093] S222. The carbon emission measurement generated during the material transportation stage is essentially obtained by multiplying the energy consumption of the transportation machinery during the transportation process by the corresponding carbon emission factor. In order to ensure high-precision measurement of the energy consumption of the transportation machinery, this invention considers factors that have a significant impact on the carbon emissions of material transportation, such as the number of transportation trips, volume influence, load fluctuations, empty vehicle returns, transportation routes, and transportation distances.

[0094] Therefore, carbon emissions generated during the material transportation phase are measured using the following formula:

[0095]

[0096] in, This represents the carbon emissions generated by transport machinery carrying goods to the project site. β represents the carbon emissions generated by the transport machinery during its return journey from the project site when it is unloaded; β represents the energy consumption reduction coefficient of the transport machinery under unloaded conditions. Based on experience, the energy consumption of unloaded machinery is usually 60% of that of fully loaded machinery under the same working conditions, so this method takes a value of 0.6. The weight of building material i (main material or temporary material) measured by a smart weighbridge is input into this project during the m-th transport; q im The rated load capacity of the transport machinery used for the m-th transport of building material i (main material or turnover material); D represents the load factor of building material i (main material or turnover material) during the m-th transport; im The transport distance of building material i (main material or turnover material) during the mth transport; The CO2 emission factor (KgCO2 / (t·km)) of the transport machinery used during the m-th transport of building material i (main material or turnover material);

[0097] S230, Carbon Emission Calculation for Mechanical Activities: The carbon emissions from construction machinery mainly come from the fuel and electricity consumption of various construction machinery and equipment used during construction. All construction machinery is divided into three categories: equipment with unified fuel supply, equipment without unified fuel supply, and electrical equipment.

[0098] S231. The carbon emission measurement of machinery supplying fuel in a unified manner is obtained by measuring the fuel consumption of the machinery, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] in, Carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that uses a unified fuel supply; This represents the amount of energy j consumed by the i-th unified oil supply point; CO2 emission factor (kgCO2 / kg) representing energy j;

[0101] S232. For construction machinery not supplied with the same fuel, the energy consumption of each piece of machinery per shift is monitored by the machinery commander to calculate the total energy consumption of these machines, and then the corresponding carbon emissions are calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0102]

[0103] T m =t m / 8(1-13)

[0104] in, The carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that does not have a unified fuel supply; n m This represents the number of construction machines, m. T represents the amount of energy j consumed by construction machinery m per work shift; m The number of workstations for construction machinery (m); t m This represents the working time of construction machinery m as monitored by the machinery commander.

[0105] The mechanical efficiency of a unit of machinery within a work shift (8 hours), that is, an eight-hour work shift of machinery.

[0106] S233. Carbon emissions from power construction machinery are obtained by measuring the electrical energy consumption of the machinery, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by power construction machinery; EC k α represents the power consumption data (kW·h) obtained from the k-th power monitoring point; 电 The CO2 emission factor for electricity generation at the project site (KgCO2 / (kW·h));

[0109] S240. The calculation of carbon emissions from human activities, taking into account the labor intensity and actual number of working days for different types of work, is based on the following formula:

[0110]

[0111] Among them, C rg Represents the carbon emissions generated by human activities; The representative represents the construction duration (in hours) of construction trade type j on day i, collected through monitoring; α j CO2 emission factor representing human activity (kgCO2 / man-day);

[0112] S300: The real-time carbon emissions calculated in step S200 based on the data collected in step S100 are measured and updated in real time within the system. The data is then measured and displayed according to emission amount, real-time emission intensity, time period, and custom categories as needed for decision-making, thereby helping decision-makers understand the project's operation and make relevant decisions.

[0113] Specific Implementation Scheme 2: The present invention provides a high-precision real-time carbon emission metering system for building construction. The system has a program module corresponding to the above steps, and executes the steps in the above-mentioned high-precision real-time carbon emission metering method for building construction when running.

[0114] The other combinations and connections in this implementation scheme are the same as in Specific Implementation Scheme 1.

[0115] Specific Implementation Scheme 3: The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program configured to perform steps of a high-precision real-time carbon emission measurement method for building construction when invoked by a processor.

[0116] The other combinations and connections in this implementation scheme are the same as in Specific Implementation Scheme 1.

[0117] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions during building construction, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100, Data collection of construction activity consumption, including data collection of material production and transportation, data collection of machinery activities and data collection of personnel activities, and the acquisition of relevant data through smart weighbridges, trajectory tracking devices, smart commanders or exhaust gas sensors, current sensors, facial recognition systems and smart safety helmets and uploading them to the system, which then performs classification and statistics; S200. Based on the construction activity consumption data collected in step S100, carbon emissions are measured in real time, including carbon emission measurement of material production and transportation, carbon emission measurement of machinery activities, and carbon emission measurement of personnel activities. For commonly used construction activity categories, the corresponding carbon emission factor is automatically called and the corresponding carbon emission is calculated based on the construction activity consumption data uploaded in real time by the Internet of Things. For less commonly used construction activity categories, the system collects carbon emission intensity data of various industrial sectors in China calculated based on the input-output method, and obtains the carbon emission factor of the construction activity in combination with the corresponding unit price of the construction activity. S210. The system establishes a multi-scale carbon emission database based on the data collected in step S100 to meet the carbon emission measurement needs of various building construction activities. S220, carbon emission measurement of materials production and transportation include, The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions generated during the production and transportation of building materials is as follows: (1) in, The total carbon emissions generated during the material production and transportation stages; The intrinsic carbon emissions of a material represent the carbon emissions generated during the production of building materials. This represents the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of building materials. S230, Calculation of carbon emissions from mechanical activities, calculating the carbon emissions generated by construction machinery from the fuel and electricity consumption of various construction machinery and equipment used in the construction process, including equipment with unified fuel supply, equipment without unified fuel supply, and electrical equipment. S240. Calculation of carbon emissions from human activities. The formula for measuring carbon emissions from human activities is as follows: (2) in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by human activities; This represents the construction duration of construction trade type j on day i, as collected through monitoring. CO2 emission factors representing human activities; The measurement of carbon emissions generated during the material transportation stage takes into account factors that have a significant impact on carbon emissions from material transportation, such as the number of transportation trips, volume effects, load fluctuations, empty vehicle returns, transportation routes, and transportation distances. S300: The real-time carbon emissions calculated in step S200 based on the data collected in step S100 are measured and updated in real time within the system. The results are then measured and displayed according to emission amount, real-time emission intensity, time period, and custom categories as needed for decision-making.

2. The high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions during building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S100 includes: S110. Data collection for material production: The system uses smart weighbridges to identify all building materials used in the entire project and upload them to the system in real time. The system then categorizes and statistically analyzes the information uploaded by the smart weighbridges based on the building material name, category, weight, and area of ​​use. Data collection for material transportation involves tracking the trajectory of transported goods using a trajectory tracking device and uploading the data to the system in real time. The system then categorizes and statistically analyzes the cargo transportation information based on transportation section, transportation trajectory, transportation mileage, average speed, transportation duration, transportation equipment type, rated load, and actual load. S120. Data collection for mechanical activities includes the collection of fuel and electricity consumption data. For fuel, for equipment with a unified fuel supply, the energy consumption data is uploaded to the system by a smart weighbridge. For equipment without a unified fuel supply, the mechanical commander or exhaust gas sensor uploads the mechanical operation data and energy consumption data to the system. The system classifies and statistically analyzes the data according to equipment name, equipment type, working time, idle time, downtime, working efficiency, and energy consumption. Electricity consumption is collected by a current sensor, which uploads all electricity resource information of the input project to the system. The system classifies and statistically analyzes the data according to monitoring date, real-time current, real-time voltage, daily electricity consumption, and cumulative electricity consumption. S130. Data collection of personnel activities: The system uploads the information of personnel participating in construction each day to the system through a facial recognition system and smart safety helmets. The system classifies and statistically analyzes the data according to the collection date, personnel category, job type, start time, end time, and working hours.

3. The high-precision real-time carbon emission measurement method for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S220 includes: S221. The measurement of carbon emissions generated during the material production stage shall take into account the use and loss of building materials, recycling and utilization, and the turnover amortization of building turnover materials. Carbon emissions from materials production are measured using the following formula: (3) in, This represents the total input quantity of building materials i for the project, as measured by the smart weighbridge. This represents the amount of recycled residual building material i in the project, as measured by a smart weighbridge. This represents the amount of recycled waste from building material i in the project, as measured by a smart weighbridge. CO2 emission factor representing building material i; This represents the number of times building material i is turned over, where building material i includes main materials or turnover materials; In the formula: (4) (5) (6) in, This represents the weight of the machinery and the weight of the building materials loaded during the m-th transport when the building material i, measured by the smart weighbridge, is entered into the project. The weight of the machinery during the m-th transport of building material i, measured by a smart weighbridge, is input into the project. This represents the weight of the machinery and the weight of the building materials loaded during the nth transport of the project when the remaining building material i is output as measured by the smart weighbridge. The weight of the machinery during the nth transport of excess building material i, measured by a smart weighbridge, when the project is output. This represents the weight of the machinery and the weight of the building materials loaded during the vth transport of waste building materials i, as measured by a smart weighbridge. The weight of the machinery during the vth transport of waste building material i, measured by a smart weighbridge, is the weight of the machinery during the project's output. Therefore, the formulas for calculating the recycling rate and loss rate of building materials in this project are as follows: (7) (8) in, Represents the recycling rate of building material i in this project, including surplus material recycling and waste material recycling; This represents the loss rate of building material i in this project; The design quantity of building material i for this project is obtained from design drawings or BIM models; S222. Carbon emissions generated during the material transportation phase are measured using the following formula, taking into account factors that significantly impact carbon emissions from material transportation, such as the number of transport trips, volume effects, load fluctuations, empty return trips, transport routes, and transport distances: (9) (10) (11) in, This represents the carbon emissions generated by transport machinery carrying goods to the project site. β represents the carbon emissions generated by the transport machinery during its return journey from the project site when it is unloaded; β represents the energy consumption reduction coefficient of the transport machinery when it is unloaded. This represents the weight of building material i, measured by a smart weighbridge, during the m-th transport when the project is entered into. The rated load capacity of the transport machinery used for the m-th transport of building material i; This represents the load factor of building material i during its m-th transport. This represents the transportation distance of building material i during its m-th transport. This represents the CO2 emission factor of the transport machinery used during the m-th transport of building material i.

4. The high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions during building construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S230 includes: S231. The carbon emission measurement of machinery supplying fuel in a unified manner is obtained by measuring the fuel consumption of the machinery, and the calculation formula is as follows: (12) in, Carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that uses a unified fuel supply; This represents the amount of energy j consumed by the i-th unified oil supply point; CO2 emission factor representing energy j; S232. For construction machinery using different fuel supplies, the energy consumption of each piece of machinery per shift is monitored by the machinery commander. The calculation formula is as follows: (13) (14) in, Carbon emissions from construction machinery that does not have a unified fuel supply; This represents the number of construction machines, m. This represents the amount of energy j consumed by construction machinery m per work shift; The number of workstations for construction machinery m; This represents the working time of construction machinery m as monitored by the machinery commander. S233. Carbon emissions from power construction machinery are obtained by measuring the electrical energy consumption of the machinery, and the calculation formula is as follows: (15) in, This represents the carbon emissions generated by power construction machinery. This represents the power consumption data obtained from the k-th power monitoring point; This represents the CO2 emission factor of electricity in the project's location.

5. The high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions during building construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: In formula (3), the main material The value is set to 1, and the value for turnover materials is determined according to the standard specifications.

6. The high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions during building construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: In formulas (9) and (10), β takes the value of 0.

6.

7. A high-precision real-time carbon emission metering system for building construction, characterized in that: The system has a program module corresponding to the steps of any one of the claims 1-6 above, and executes the steps in the above-described high-precision real-time carbon emission measurement method for building construction when it is running.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program configured to, when invoked by a processor, implement the steps of the high-precision real-time carbon emission measurement method for building construction as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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