Semitransparent organic solar cell device and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a semitransparent organic solar cell device and a preparation method thereof. The semitransparent organic solar cell device comprises a substrate, and a seed layer, a metal layer, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially arranged on the surface of the substrate. The preparation method comprises the preparation steps of each layer. The semitransparent organic solar cell device and the preparation method thereof have the advantages of being high in average visible light transmittance, good in light utilization efficiency, simple in process and high in universality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of optoelectronic materials and devices, and specifically refers to a semi-transparent organic solar cell device that can be applied to automobile skylights, smart windows and building exterior walls. Background Art

[0002] Semi-transparent organic solar cells based on narrow bandgap donor materials and non-fullerene acceptor materials have developed rapidly in recent years. These semi-transparent devices can achieve high absorption of near-infrared light and high transmission of visible light, while taking into account the functions of power generation and light transmission, and have broad application potential in car skylights, smart windows and building exterior walls.

[0003] Generally speaking, semi-transparent organic solar cells are made on the surface of indium tin oxide transparent electrodes. However, indium is a scarce element, has high cost and poor mechanical flexibility.

[0004] In contrast, it is crucial to replace indium tin oxide with transparent electrodes. The dielectric / metal / dielectric multilayer thin film structure makes comprehensive use of the high transmittance of the dielectric layer and the high conductivity of the metal layer to obtain relatively excellent optoelectronic performance to replace indium tin oxide. Dielectric / metal / dielectric multilayer transparent electrodes have shown great potential in opaque organic solar cells. Compared with indium tin oxide, they can achieve higher short-circuit current density and energy conversion efficiency, and can be prepared into flexible devices. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a semi-transparent organic solar cell device without indium tin oxide and a preparation method thereof, which has the characteristics of high average visible light transmittance, good light utilization rate and adjustable display color.

[0006] The present invention can be implemented by the following technical solutions: The invention discloses a semi-transparent organic solar cell device, comprising a substrate, wherein a seed layer, a metal layer, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially arranged on the surface of the substrate.

[0007] In the semi-transparent organic solar cell device of the present invention, the substrate is used to support the semi-transparent organic solar cell device, the seed layer is used to grow an ultra-thin continuous metal layer with high transmittance and good conductivity, the electron transport layer is used to collect electrons, the active layer is used to absorb sunlight, the hole transport layer is used to collect holes, and the optical coupling layer and the one-dimensional photonic crystal are used to regulate the absorption spectrum of the active layer and the transmission spectrum of the semi-transparent device.

[0008] Furthermore, the seed layer is a niobium pentoxide film, a zinc oxide film, a molybdenum trioxide film or a tin oxide film; and the thickness of the seed layer is 5-100 nm.

[0009] Furthermore, the metal layer is gold, silver or copper; and the thickness of the metal layer is 8-30 nm.

[0010] Furthermore, the electron transport layer is a niobium pentoxide film, a zinc oxide film, a tin oxide film or a doped zinc oxide film; the thickness of the electron transport layer is 10-60 nm.

[0011] Furthermore, the active layer is a conjugated polymer donor / non-fullerene acceptor bulk heterojunction structure; the thickness of the active layer is 60-100 nm.

[0012] Furthermore, the hole transport layer is a molybdenum trioxide film, a tungsten trioxide film or a nickel oxide film; the thickness of the hole transport layer is 5-15 nm.

[0013] Furthermore, the optical coupling layer is a zinc selenide film, a zinc sulfide film or a molybdenum trioxide film; and the thickness of the optical coupling layer is 5-100 nm.

[0014] Furthermore, the period of the one-dimensional photonic crystal is 1-3; the central wavelength of the one-dimensional photonic crystal is 500-700 nm.

[0015] Furthermore, the substrate is soda-lime glass, quartz glass or transparent resin.

[0016] Another aspect of the present invention is to protect the preparation method of the above-mentioned semi-transparent organic solar cell device, comprising the following steps: S1. Substrate cleaning: ultrasonically clean the substrate surface and dry it; S2, seed layer / metal layer / electron transport layer preparation: using a multi-source magnetron sputtering method to sequentially deposit a seed layer, a metal layer and an electron transport layer on a clean substrate; S3, active layer preparation: using solution spin coating method to deposit the active layer on the surface of the electron transport layer; S4. Preparation of hole transport layer / metal layer / optical coupling layer / one-dimensional photonic crystal: a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially deposited on the active layer using a high vacuum resistance evaporation method.

[0017] The semi-transparent organic solar cell device of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, the average visible light transmittance is high. Through the device structure design of the present invention, the semi-transparent organic solar cell device of the present invention has the characteristics of high average visible light transmittance, and the average visible light transmittance can exceed 50%; Second, the light utilization rate is good. The light utilization rate of the semi-transparent organic solar cell device of the present invention can exceed 5%; Third, the display color is adjustable. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device of the present invention can effectively change the display color of the semi-transparent device by adjusting the thin film material and thickness; Fourth, the preparation method is mature. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device of the present invention has a novel design and a simple structure, which can effectively simplify the process preparation steps. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Attached Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of a semi-transparent organic solar cell of the present invention; Attached Figure 2 The absorption spectrum of the active layer of a semi-transparent organic solar cell of the present invention; Attached Figure 3 The device transmission spectrum of a semi-transparent organic solar cell of the present invention; The marks in the drawings include: 100, substrate; 200, seed layer; 301, front metal layer; 400, electron transport layer; 500, active layer; 600, hole transport layer; 302, back metal layer; 700, optical coupling layer; 800, one-dimensional photonic crystal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the product of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a semi-transparent organic solar cell device, including a substrate 100, on the surface of which a seed layer 200, a front metal layer 301, an electron transport layer 400, an active layer 500, a hole transport layer 600, a back metal layer 302, an optical coupling layer 700 and a one-dimensional photonic crystal 800 are sequentially arranged.

[0021] Example 1 Soda lime glass was used as the substrate, and ultrasonically cleaned with acetone, detergent, deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for more than 15 minutes, and placed in a vacuum oven for standby. The seed layer / front metal layer / electron transport layer were deposited on the substrate in sequence using a multi-source magnetron sputtering device. The seed layer / front metal layer / electron transport layer were niobium pentoxide / silver / niobium pentoxide, respectively, with thicknesses of 48 / 10 / 40 nanometers, respectively. The active layer material PM6: BTP-eC9:L8-BO was dissolved in a chlorobenzene solvent at a molar ratio of 0.8:1:0.2, with a concentration of 20 mg / mL, and was spin-coated on the niobium pentoxide electron transport layer by controlling the rotation speed. The thickness of the active layer was 70-100 nm, and then annealed at 100°C for 10 minutes. The hole transport layer (molybdenum trioxide) / back metal layer (silver) was deposited on the PM6: BTP-eC9:L8-BO layer in sequence using a high vacuum resistance evaporation method, with thicknesses of 10 nm / 20 nm, respectively. Optical coupling layers (zinc selenide) with thicknesses of 10 nm, 20 nm, and 30 nm were deposited on the back metal layer by high vacuum resistance evaporation. Finally, one-dimensional photonic crystals (sodium hexafluoroaluminate / zinc selenide, with thicknesses of 100 nm and 50 nm, respectively) were deposited on the optical coupling layer by high vacuum resistance evaporation.

[0022] Figure 2 The active layer absorption spectra of the semi-transparent organic solar cells with different optical coupling layer thicknesses in Example 1 are shown.

[0023] Figure 3 The device transmission spectra of the semi-transparent organic solar cell with different optical coupling layer thicknesses in Example 1 are shown.

[0024] Depend on Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the thickness of the optical coupling layer has a very obvious effect on the active layer absorption spectrum and device transmission spectrum of the semi-transparent organic solar cell. As the thickness of the optical coupling layer increases, the light absorption of the active layer in the long wavelength region decreases, which means that the short-circuit current density of the semi-transparent organic solar cell decreases. Conversely, as the thickness of the optical coupling layer increases, the transmittance in the visible light region gradually increases, and the maximum transmittance wavelength increases from 444 nm to 565 nm.

[0025] The specific photoelectric performance parameters of semi-transparent organic solar cells are shown in Table 1. J sc is the short-circuit current density, and AVT is the average visible light transmittance. It can be seen that when the thickness of the optical coupling layer is 20 nm, the product of the short-circuit current density and the average visible light transmittance of the semi-transparent organic solar cell is the largest, which means that the light utilization efficiency is better.

[0026] Example 2 The present embodiment relates to a semi-transparent organic solar cell device, including a substrate, on the surface of which a seed layer, a metal layer, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially arranged.

[0027] Specifically, the seed layer is a niobium pentoxide film; the seed layer thickness is 55 nm. The metal layer is gold; the front metal layer thickness is 10 nm, and the back metal layer thickness is 22 nm. The electron transport layer is a niobium pentoxide film; the electron transport layer thickness is 45 nm. The active layer is a conjugated polymer donor / non-fullerene acceptor bulk heterojunction structure; the active layer thickness is 75 nm. The hole transport layer is a molybdenum trioxide film; the hole transport layer thickness is 10 nm. The optical coupling layer is a zinc selenide film; the optical coupling layer thickness is 23 nm. The one-dimensional photonic crystal period is 1; the one-dimensional photonic crystal central wavelength is 575 nm. The substrate is soda-lime glass.

[0028] The semi-transparent organic solar cell device of this embodiment is prepared by the following method: S1. Substrate cleaning: ultrasonically clean the substrate surface and dry it; S2, seed layer / metal layer / electron transport layer preparation: using a multi-source magnetron sputtering method to sequentially deposit a seed layer, a metal layer and an electron transport layer on a clean substrate; S3, active layer preparation: using solution spin coating method to deposit the active layer on the surface of the electron transport layer; S4. Preparation of hole transport layer / metal layer / optical coupling layer / one-dimensional photonic crystal: a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially deposited on the active layer using a high vacuum resistance evaporation method.

[0029] Example 3 The present embodiment relates to a semi-transparent organic solar cell device, including a substrate, on the surface of which a seed layer, a metal layer, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially arranged.

[0030] Specifically, the seed layer is a zinc oxide film; the seed layer thickness is 50 nm. The metal layer is silver; the metal layer thickness is 8 nm. The electron transport layer is a tin oxide film; the electron transport layer thickness is 60 nm. The active layer is a conjugated polymer donor / non-fullerene acceptor bulk heterojunction structure; the active layer thickness is 80 nm. The hole transport layer is a tungsten trioxide film; the hole transport layer thickness is 5 nm. The optical coupling layer is a zinc sulfide film; the optical coupling layer thickness is 30 nm. The one-dimensional photonic crystal period is 2; the one-dimensional photonic crystal central wavelength is 500 nm. The substrate is quartz glass.

[0031] The semi-transparent organic solar cell device of this embodiment is prepared by the following method: S1. Substrate cleaning: ultrasonically clean the substrate surface and dry it; S2, seed layer / metal layer / electron transport layer preparation: using a multi-source magnetron sputtering method to sequentially deposit a seed layer, a metal layer and an electron transport layer on a clean substrate; S3, active layer preparation: using solution spin coating method to deposit the active layer on the surface of the electron transport layer; S4. Preparation of hole transport layer / metal layer / optical coupling layer / one-dimensional photonic crystal: a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially deposited on the active layer using a high vacuum resistance evaporation method.

[0032] Example 4 The present embodiment relates to a semi-transparent organic solar cell device, including a substrate, on the surface of which a seed layer, a metal layer, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially arranged.

[0033] Specifically, the seed layer is a molybdenum trioxide film; the seed layer thickness is 5-100 nm. The metal layer is copper; the metal layer thickness is 20 nm. The electron transport layer is a zinc oxide film; the electron transport layer thickness is 35 nm. The active layer is a conjugated polymer donor / non-fullerene acceptor bulk heterojunction structure; the active layer thickness is 60 nm. The hole transport layer is a nickel oxide film; the hole transport layer thickness is 15 nm. The optical coupling layer is a molybdenum trioxide film; the optical coupling layer thickness is 35 nm. The one-dimensional photonic crystal period is 2; the one-dimensional photonic crystal central wavelength is 600 nm. The substrate is a transparent resin.

[0034] The semi-transparent organic solar cell device of this embodiment is prepared by the following method: S1. Substrate cleaning: ultrasonically clean the substrate surface and dry it; S2, seed layer / metal layer / electron transport layer preparation: using a multi-source magnetron sputtering method to sequentially deposit a seed layer, a metal layer and an electron transport layer on a clean substrate; S3, active layer preparation: using solution spin coating method to deposit the active layer on the surface of the electron transport layer; S4. Preparation of hole transport layer / metal layer / optical coupling layer / one-dimensional photonic crystal: a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially deposited on the active layer using a high vacuum resistance evaporation method.

[0035] Example 5 The present embodiment relates to a semi-transparent organic solar cell device, including a substrate, on the surface of which a seed layer, a metal layer, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially arranged.

[0036] Specifically, the seed layer is a tin oxide film; the seed layer thickness is 40 nm. The metal layer is silver; the metal layer thickness is 20 nm. The electron transport layer is a doped zinc oxide film; the electron transport layer thickness is 20 nm. The active layer is a conjugated polymer donor / non-fullerene acceptor bulk heterojunction structure; the active layer thickness is 70 nm. The hole transport layer is a nickel oxide film; the hole transport layer thickness is 8 nm. The optical coupling layer is a molybdenum trioxide film; the optical coupling layer thickness is 30 nm. The one-dimensional photonic crystal period is 2; the one-dimensional photonic crystal central wavelength is 650 nm. The substrate is a transparent resin.

[0037] The semi-transparent organic solar cell device of this embodiment is prepared by the following method: S1. Substrate cleaning: ultrasonically clean the substrate surface and dry it; S2, seed layer / metal layer / electron transport layer preparation: using a multi-source magnetron sputtering method to sequentially deposit a seed layer, a metal layer and an electron transport layer on a clean substrate; S3, active layer preparation: using solution spin coating method to deposit the active layer on the surface of the electron transport layer; S4. Preparation of hole transport layer / metal layer / optical coupling layer / one-dimensional photonic crystal: a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially deposited on the active layer using a high vacuum resistance evaporation method.

[0038] The above embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these obvious replacement forms all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-transparent organic solar cell device, comprising a substrate, characterized in that: A seed layer, a metal layer, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially arranged on the surface of the substrate.

2. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed layer is a niobium pentoxide film, a zinc oxide film, a molybdenum trioxide film or a tin oxide film; the thickness of the seed layer is 5-100 nm.

3. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal layer is gold, silver or copper; the thickness of the metal layer is 8-30 nm.

4. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electron transport layer is a niobium pentoxide film, a zinc oxide film, a tin oxide film or a doped zinc oxide film; the thickness of the electron transport layer is 10-60 nm.

5. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The active layer is a conjugated polymer donor / non-fullerene acceptor bulk heterojunction structure; the thickness of the active layer is 60-100 nm.

6. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hole transport layer is a molybdenum trioxide film, a tungsten trioxide film or a nickel oxide film; the thickness of the hole transport layer is 5-15 nm.

7. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optical coupling layer is a zinc selenide film, a zinc sulfide film or a molybdenum trioxide film; the thickness of the optical coupling layer is 5-100 nm.

8. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The period of the one-dimensional photonic crystal is 1-3; the central wavelength of the one-dimensional photonic crystal is 500-700 nm.

9. The semi-transparent organic solar cell device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The substrate is soda-lime glass, quartz glass or transparent resin.

10. A method for preparing a semi-transparent organic solar cell device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. Substrate cleaning: ultrasonically clean the substrate surface and dry it; S2, seed layer / metal layer / electron transport layer preparation: using a multi-source magnetron sputtering method to sequentially deposit a seed layer, a metal layer and an electron transport layer on a clean substrate; S3, active layer preparation: using solution spin coating method to deposit the active layer on the surface of the electron transport layer; S4. Preparation of hole transport layer / metal layer / optical coupling layer / one-dimensional photonic crystal: a hole transport layer, a metal layer, an optical coupling layer and a one-dimensional photonic crystal are sequentially deposited on the active layer using a high vacuum resistance evaporation method.

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