Preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine residue feed and application thereof in raising mutton sheep

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of feeds, and particularly to a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine residue feed and its application in the breeding of meat sheep. The present invention provides a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine residue feed. Through a specific fermentation process, the content of harmful substances can be effectively reduced, and its nutritional components can be transformed and improved. At the same time, the obtained fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue is rich in nutritional components such as protein, cellulose, and minerals, and is easy to digest and absorb, and can be used as a high-quality feed raw material. The present invention also provides a meat sheep feed containing traditional Chinese medicine residue, which has the advantages of safe use, promoting the growth and development of meat sheep, and improving the quality of mutton. Thus, it can be seen that through microbial fermentation, traditional Chinese medicine residue can be used as a new type of feed resource to provide nutrients for the growth and development of ruminants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of feeds, and particularly to a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine residue feed and its application in meat sheep breeding. Background Art

[0002] Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of development. As a major country in the production of traditional Chinese medicine, China has a wide distribution of medicinal materials and complex varieties.

[0003] Traditional Chinese medicine residues mainly come from processes such as raw material medicine production, patent medicine production, processing and preparation of Chinese medicinal materials, and extraction, and are by-products generated from the processing of Chinese medicinal materials. Among the existing Chinese medicinal materials, plant-based medicinal materials account for more than 87%, and most of them are edible natural plants. These plant-based traditional Chinese medicine residues contain a large number of recyclable nutrients and active ingredients such as cellulose, crude protein, lipids, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and various trace elements, which can provide nutrients for livestock and poultry, especially ruminant livestock such as cattle and sheep, and can also improve the immune function of livestock and poultry, maintain the free radical homeostasis in their bodies, and promote the growth and development of animals.

[0004] However, untreated traditional Chinese medicine residues have a high water content, are prone to spoilage and deterioration, and have problems such as poor palatability and easy exceeding of heavy metal elements. As a result, current traditional Chinese medicine enterprises generally treat them as waste and dispose of them by stacking, landfilling, or incineration, and rarely use them for the development and utilization of feed resources. On the one hand, this consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, and at the same time, it will also cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. If traditional Chinese medicine residues are reasonably developed and utilized, it can reduce the environmental pollution caused by excessive discharge of medicine residues and avoid waste of resources.

[0005] Microbial fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine residues uses plant-based traditional Chinese medicine residues as the main raw material. Through the metabolic action of probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, yeast, and aspergillus, some macromolecular substances such as polysaccharides, proteins, and fats in the medicine residues are degraded to generate small molecular substances such as organic acids and soluble small peptides, forming a traditional Chinese medicine residue fermentation feed with rich nutrition, good palatability, and a high viable bacteria count. The traditional Chinese medicine residue fermentation feed has both nutritional value and medicinal value. Using the traditional Chinese medicine residue fermentation feed to replace conventional roughage can solve the current problem of shortage of roughage for cattle and sheep and reduce the feed cost; at the same time, the remaining medicinal active ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine residues can improve animal health and meat quality.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to ferment traditional Chinese medicine residues derived from edible natural raw materials to realize their resource utilization and apply them to the field of meat sheep feeds. Raising sheep with traditional Chinese medicine residues can, on the one hand, solve the current problem of shortage of roughage for cattle and sheep and reduce the feed cost, and on the other hand, reduce the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of traditional Chinese medicine residues and protect the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine residue feed and its application in mutton sheep breeding to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. After feeding mutton sheep with the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue prepared by the method of the present invention, the growth performance of mutton sheep can be effectively improved and the quality of mutton can be improved. At the same time, the present invention realizes the resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residue and applies it to the feed field, reduces the feed cost, improves the nutritional value of the feed, promotes animal digestive health, and has great significance for the environmental pollution problem of medicine residue and the development of ruminant feed resources.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a preparation method of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue feed, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) Dry the traditional Chinese medicine residue until the water content is 60-65%, and mix it with auxiliary materials to obtain a mixture;

[0011] (2) Mix the mixture with a compound bacterial agent and carry out airtight fermentation to obtain fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue;

[0012] (3) Mix the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue, mutton sheep roughage and concentrate feed to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine residue feed, that is, the mutton sheep fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue compound feed product.

[0013] Further preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine residue is the fresh solid residue obtained after extraction from other edible natural plants in the Feed Raw Material Catalog (refer to Feed Raw Material Catalog 7.6).

[0014] Further preferably, the edible natural plants include plant varieties such as hawthorn, Chinese yam and astragalus membranaceus, which have the functions of promoting digestion and improving immunity.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residue to the auxiliary materials is (85-95):(5-15); the auxiliary materials include rice straw and / or wheat bran; rice straw, wheat bran, etc. as fermentation auxiliary materials can provide nutrients for the bacterial strains, such as carbon sources and nitrogen sources, etc., which is helpful for the growth of the bacterial strains;

[0016] Preferably, the compound bacterial agent includes Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis; the effective viable count of the compound bacterial agent is 2×10 8 CFU / mL - 4×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0017] Preferably, the dosage of the compound bacterial agent is 2%-4% of the mass of the mixture;

[0018] Preferably, the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 30°C and the time is 14d-21d.

[0019] Preferably, the meat sheep include goats and sheep; the meat sheep are flocks raised for meat production, and the physiological stage is after weaning of the meat sheep - before slaughter.

[0020] Preferably, the roughage of the meat sheep includes one or more of rice straw, peanut vines and hay; the concentrate feed includes the following raw materials: 50 - 60 parts of corn, 5 - 10 parts of wheat bran, 25 - 35 parts of meal, 1 - 2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 - 2 parts of stone powder, 0.5 - 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 1 - 2 parts of meat sheep premix; the meal includes one or more of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and corn germ meal;

[0021] The mass ratio of the fermented Chinese medicine residue, the roughage of the meat sheep and the concentrate feed is (3 - 4):(3 - 4):(2 - 4).

[0022] The present invention provides a Chinese medicine residue feed prepared by using the above preparation method.

[0023] The present invention provides the application of the above Chinese medicine residue feed in increasing the feed intake of meat sheep, promoting the growth of meat sheep and improving the quality of mutton.

[0024] More preferably, when the Chinese medicine residue feed is applied, it should be gradually substituted, that is, in the first week of use, the substitution ratio of the Chinese medicine residue feed for the roughage is 20%, in the second week the substitution ratio of the Chinese medicine residue feed for the roughage is 30%, in the third week the substitution ratio of the Chinese medicine residue feed for the roughage is 40%, and in the fourth week and later the substitution ratio of the Chinese medicine residue feed for the roughage is 50%.

[0025] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention provides a preparation method of a Chinese medicine residue feed. Through specific fermentation process treatment, the content of harmful substances can be effectively reduced, and its nutritional components can be transformed and improved; at the same time, the obtained fermented Chinese medicine residue is rich in nutritional components such as protein, cellulose and minerals, and is easy to digest and absorb, and can be used as a high-quality feed raw material.

[0027] 2. The present invention also provides a compound feed product containing Chinese medicine residues. The fermented Chinese medicine residues in this feed product contain active ingredients such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, and saponins, and have the advantages of improving the immunity of meat sheep, promoting the growth and development of meat sheep, and improving the quality of mutton. Specific embodiments of the present invention investigated the growth-promoting effect of fermented Chinese medicine residues on meat sheep; according to the feeding and nutritional requirements of sheep, the fermented medicine residues and other feed raw materials were rationally proportioned to prepare a nutritionally balanced sheep feed, and the sheep were fed according to the conventional feeding management method, and indicators such as the growth situation and health status of the sheep were observed and recorded. The results showed that the meat sheep feed made of fermented Chinese medicine residues and other raw materials could increase the weight of Hu sheep, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio, and also improve the quality of mutton of Hu sheep. Thus, it can be seen that Chinese medicine residues can be used as a new type of feed resource through microbial fermentation to provide nutrients for the growth and development of ruminants.

[0028] 3. After fermentation treatment, the crude fiber of Chinese medicine residues is reduced, the palatability is improved, and the active ingredients and nutritional value are increased, improving the application value of the medicine residues. In order to verify the feasibility and effect of fermented medicine residues as sheep feed, the present invention conducted a sheep feeding experiment. The test results showed that the sheep fed with fermented medicine residues were better than the traditional feed group in terms of growth status, feed-to-weight ratio, and health status. At the same time, the feed cost was significantly reduced and the economic benefits were significantly improved.

[0029] 4. The present invention realizes the resource utilization of Chinese medicine residues, converts the originally waste Chinese medicine residues into valuable feed raw materials, and realizes the maximization of resource utilization. Since the medicine residues are widely sourced and low in cost, using Chinese medicine residues as feed raw materials can significantly reduce the feed cost.

[0030] 5. Taking the crude protein content as an index, the present invention optimized the fermentation conditions of Chinese medicine residues by using a single-factor orthogonal experimental design, and obtained the optimal conditions for fermenting Chinese medicine residues. Under the optimal fermentation conditions, the medicine residues were evenly mixed with the bacterial strain and fermented to promote the conversion of active ingredients in the medicine residues. Then, by regularly monitoring indicators such as the nutritional value during the fermentation process, the smooth progress of the fermentation process was ensured, making the feed more in line with the nutritional needs of animals, improving the quality, and thus increasing the growth rate and health status of animals.

[0031] 6. The present invention adopts the liquid fermentation technology, selects microbial strains with strong ability to decompose medicine residues and produce a large number of beneficial metabolites, such as probiotics such as Aspergillus niger, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis, and conducts strain cultivation and propagation under sterile conditions to provide sufficient strain resources for the subsequent fermentation process. Detailed Embodiments

[0032] The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0033] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0035] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are merely exemplary.

[0036] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0037] Preparation Example

[0038] 1. Strain Preparation

[0039] Aspergillus niger was purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the accession number ACCC 30557; Bacillus subtilis was purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the accession number CICC 10089; Lactobacillus plantarum was purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the accession number CGMCC 1.556; yeast was purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the accession number CGMCC 2.2917.

[0040] 2. Strain Activation and Cultivation

[0041] Activation and Cultivation of Aspergillus niger:

[0042] Inoculate Aspergillus niger onto potato dextrose agar medium and culture it in a constant temperature incubator at 33°C for 5 days. Then, use an inoculation loop to pick a loopful from the potato dextrose agar medium and inoculate it into 200 mL of potato dextrose liquid medium. Incubate it in a constant temperature incubator at 33°C with shaking at 150 r / min for 18 h to obtain an Aspergillus niger seed solution, which can be used for inoculation and fermentation. The effective viable count in this Aspergillus niger seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL; Among them, the potato dextrose liquid medium is prepared by weighing 25 g of potato dextrose medium, adding 1 L of distilled water, stirring and mixing evenly, and autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min; the potato dextrose agar medium is prepared by adding 2% agar powder to the potato dextrose liquid medium, autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min, dispensing and pouring plates, and storing at 4°C for later use.

[0043] Activation and culture of Bacillus subtilis

[0044] Inoculate Bacillus subtilis onto LB solid medium and culture it in a constant temperature incubator at 30°C for 3 days. Then, use an inoculation loop to pick a loopful from the LB solid medium and inoculate it into 200 mL of LB liquid medium. Incubate it in a constant temperature incubator at 30°C with shaking at 150 r / min for 18 h to obtain a Bacillus subtilis seed solution, which can be used for inoculation and fermentation. The effective viable count in this Bacillus subtilis seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL; Among them, the LB liquid medium is prepared by weighing 20 g of LB medium, adding 1 L of distilled water, stirring and mixing evenly, and autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min; the LB solid medium is prepared by adding 2% agar powder to the LB liquid medium;

[0045] Activation and culture of Lactobacillus plantarum

[0046] Inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum onto MRS solid medium and culture it in a constant temperature incubator at 30°C for 3 days. Then, use an inoculation loop to pick a loopful from the MRS solid medium and inoculate it into 200 mL of MRS liquid medium. Incubate it in a constant temperature incubator at 30°C with shaking at 150 r / min for 18 h to obtain a Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, which can be used for inoculation and fermentation. The effective viable count in this Bacillus subtilis seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL;

[0047] Activation and culture of yeast

[0048] Inoculate yeast onto a solid yeast medium (agar is added to the liquid yeast medium, and the concentration of agar is 2%), and culture it in a constant temperature incubator at 30°C for 3 days. Then, use an inoculation loop to pick up a loop of yeast from the solid yeast medium and inoculate it into 200 mL of liquid yeast medium. Incubate it in a constant temperature incubator at 33°C with shaking at 150 r / min for 18 h to obtain a yeast seed solution, which can be used for inoculation and fermentation. The effective viable count in this yeast seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL; the liquid yeast medium is prepared by weighing 20 g of glucose, 20 g of peptone, and 10 g of yeast extract, adding 1 L of distilled water, stirring and mixing well, and autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min.

[0049] Example 1 Screening of the combination of fermentation strains for Chinese medicine residues

[0050] 1. Strains

[0051] Prepare Aspergillus niger seed solution, Bacillus subtilis seed solution, Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, and yeast seed solution according to the method of the preparation example, and adjust their effective viable counts to 1×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0052] 2. Materials

[0053] The Chinese medicine residues are purchased from Jiangxi Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., and its main component is the solid by-product of the Chinese patent medicine "Jiangzhong Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets".

[0054] 3. Grouping

[0055] Divide the seed solutions into 15 groups according to different combinations of Lactobacillus plantarum group, Aspergillus niger group, yeast group, and Bacillus subtilis group; among them, the compound bacterial liquid treatment is obtained by mixing the seed solutions of each strain in equal proportions. Taking the Lactobacillus plantarum + Aspergillus niger group as an example, mix the Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution and the Aspergillus niger seed solution in equal proportions to obtain the compound bacterial liquid of this group.

[0056] 4. Experimental method

[0057] After mixing 9 g of fresh Chinese medicine residue samples with 1 g of auxiliary material (the auxiliary material is rice straw), inoculate the bacterial liquids in the above groups into the mixed materials respectively. Based on the mass of the mixed materials, the inoculation amount of the bacterial liquid is 3%, the temperature is 30°C, and ferment for 7 days. Then, measure the crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of the fresh samples. Screen the best bacterial combination and study the effects of different bacterial combinations on the components of the fermented fresh Chinese medicine residue samples.

[0058] 5. Detection indexes and methods

[0059] The detection method for crude protein is the Kjeldahl method.

[0060] The detection methods for neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber refer to the operation manual of the semi-automatic fiber analyzer.

[0061] 6. Comparison results of fermentation effects of different combinations of strains on Chinese medicine residues

[0062] Table 1 Effects of fermentation with different combinations of strains on the nutrient component contents of Chinese medicine residues

[0063]

[0064] Under the conditions of a temperature of 30 °C, an inoculum size of 3%, a water content of 50%, and fermentation for 7 days, its components were determined. The results showed that: under the conditions of a fermentation temperature of 30 °C, a substrate addition amount of 10%, an inoculum size of the bacterial agent of 3%, and fermentation for 7 days, its components were determined. The results showed that the protein content of the 15th group (the strain combination of Lactobacillus plantarum + Aspergillus niger + Bacillus subtilis) was the highest, and the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were relatively low; therefore, Lactobacillus plantarum + Aspergillus niger + Bacillus subtilis was selected as the best strain combination (Table 1).

[0065] Example 2 Optimization of fermentation conditions for Chinese medicine residues

[0066] 1. Strains

[0067] The best strain combination screened in Example 1 was selected for the compound bacterial agent, which was Aspergillus niger + Lactobacillus plantarum + Bacillus subtilis. The effective viable count of the seed liquid of Aspergillus niger, the seed liquid of Bacillus subtilis, and the seed liquid of Lactobacillus plantarum prepared according to the method of the preparation example was adjusted to 1×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0068] 2. Materials

[0069] The Chinese medicine residues were purchased from Jiangxi Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., and its main component was the solid by-product of the Chinese patent medicine "Jiangzhong Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets".

[0070] 3. Experimental methods

[0071] Four factors, namely strain combination, inoculum size, fermentation time, and wheat bran addition amount, were selected as test factors, and three levels were set for each factor to conduct an orthogonal fermentation experiment. The best fermentation conditions were determined by the crude protein content. The specific grouping is shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

[0072] Table 2 Orthogonal table design

[0073]

[0074] Table 3 Orthogonal factor level table

[0075]

[0076] 4. Statistical analysis

[0077] One-way ANOVA was performed on the experimental data using the general linear model in IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. When the difference was significant by F-test, Duncan's multiple comparison was carried out. P < 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

[0078] 5. Results

[0079] The purpose of using the orthogonal experiment was to find the optimal levels of the experimental factors with fewer experiments. By measuring the changes in the crude protein content of the fermented Chinese medicine residue products under different fermentation parameter conditions, it was of great significance for the quality evaluation of the fermentation products, facilitating the optimization of the fermentation process plan according to production needs. The statistical results are shown in Table 4.

[0080] Table 4 Intuitive analysis table of orthogonal experiment for fermenting Chinese medicine residue with compound microbial agents

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] As can be seen from Table 4, the optimal conditions for fermenting Chinese medicine residue with compound microbial agents were as follows: the volume ratio of Aspergillus niger seed liquid, Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid, and Bacillus subtilis seed liquid was 1:2:1, the inoculation amount was 4%, the bran addition amount was 15%, and the fermentation time was 21 days.

[0084] Example 3 Animal experiment research

[0085] Effects of fermented Chinese medicine residue on the growth performance, blood indexes, and meat quality of Hu sheep

[0086] 1. Materials and methods

[0087] 1.1 Preparation of microbial agents: The compound microbial agent was the combination of microbial agents screened in the present invention (the volume ratio of Aspergillus niger fermentation broth: Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth: Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth was 1:2:1). The methods for activating and culturing the strains were as described above. The effective viable count of the fermentation broth of the three strains was 1×10 8 CFU / mL. The single microbial agent was a gift from Nanjing Agricultural University, and the main strain was Lactobacillus plantarum, with an effective viable count of 1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0088] 1.2 Chinese medicine residue: Purchased from Jiangxi Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., and its main component was the solid by-product of the Chinese patent medicine "Jiangzhong Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets".

[0089] 1.3 Fermented Chinese medicine residues: The naturally fermented Chinese medicine residues are prepared by natural anaerobic fermentation of Chinese medicine residues. The compound microbial agent-fermented Chinese medicine residues are prepared according to the optimal conditions for preparing Chinese medicine residues screened in Example 1 and Example 2. The compound microbial agent is obtained by mixing Aspergillus niger seed liquid, Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid and Bacillus subtilis seed liquid in a volume ratio of 1:2:1, with an inoculation amount of 4%, a wheat bran addition amount of 10%, and a fermentation time of 21 d. The preparation method of the Chinese medicine residues in the single microbial agent group is an inoculation amount of 3% of Lactobacillus plantarum, a wheat bran addition amount of 10%, and a fermentation time of 21 d.

[0090] 1.4 Grouping of experimental animals

[0091] Sixty-four healthy disease-free fattening male Hu sheep weighing about 30 kg were selected and randomly divided into a control group, a natural fermentation group, a compound microbial agent group and a single microbial agent group. Each group had 4 replicates, with 4 sheep in each replicate, and they were fed in separate pens and allowed to eat freely. Among them, the roughage fed to the meat sheep in the control group was all peanut vine, and the roughage in the natural fermentation group, the compound microbial agent group and the single microbial agent group was fermented Chinese medicine residues + peanut vine, and the dry matter ratio of the fermented Chinese medicine residues to peanut vine was 1:1. The test period was 90 days, including a 30-day pre-feeding period and a 60-day formal test period. During the test period, all experimental sheep were fed TMR, and the mass ratio of the roughage to the concentrate was 6:4. The composition and nutritional level of the concentrate are shown in Table 5.

[0092] Table 5 Composition and nutritional level of concentrate (air-dried concentrate)

[0093] Raw materials Content / % Nutritional level / % Content / % Corn 55.00 Dry matter DM 89.45 Wheat bran 10.00 Metabolizable energy ME / (MJ / kg)2 12.93 Soybean meal 20.00 Crude protein CP 26.64 Corn germ meal 10.00 Neutral detergent fiber NDF 16.98 Sodium bicarbonate 1.50 Acid detergent fiber ADF 7.07 Limestone powder 2.00 Crude ash 6.91 Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.50 Calcium 0.94 <![CDATA[Meat sheep premix 1) > 1.00 Phosphorus 0.49 Total 100

[0094] Note: Meat sheep premix 1) Providing per kilogram of diet: VA 2640 IU, VD 302 IU, VE 17 mg, Fe 60 mg, Cu 10 mg, Zn 36 mg, Mn 48 mg, Co 0.12 mg, I 0.3 mg and Se 0.24 mg.

[0095] 1.5 Feeding management

[0096] During the pre-feeding period, the meat sheep in the three Chinese medicine residue groups were fed in a gradual manner. That is, calculated by dry matter, in the first week of feeding, the proportion of fermented Chinese medicine residue replacing roughage was 10%, in the second week it was 20%, in the third week it was 30%, in the fourth week it was 40%, and in the fifth week and afterwards it was 50%. That is to say, at the beginning of the formal test period, the feeding amount of Chinese medicine residue and peanut vine in the three Chinese medicine residue groups was proportioned at a dry matter ratio of 1:1, and the fermented Chinese medicine residue, peanut vine, and concentrate feed were fed at a dry matter ratio of 3:3:4. During the feeding process, closely monitor the physiological health of the flock, and if there are phenomena such as diarrhea, reduce the feeding amount of Chinese medicine residue as appropriate.

[0097] 2. Determination indicators

[0098] 2.1 Growth performance

[0099] On the 1st day and the 60th day of the experiment, each sheep was weighed on an empty stomach, the daily feed intake was recorded, and the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed to gain ratio (F / G) of each group were calculated. The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0100] Average daily gain = total weight gain / number of experimental days;

[0101] Average daily feed intake = total feed intake / number of experimental days;

[0102] Feed to gain ratio = average daily feed intake / average daily gain.

[0103] 2.2 Blood indicators

[0104] On the morning before feeding on the 30th day and the 60th day of the experiment, 8 Hu sheep with similar body weights and close to the average value within the group were randomly selected from each replicate, 2 from each replicate, a total of 32. After collecting blood from the anterior vena cava, the serum was separated and stored in a -20°C refrigerator. The immune indicators were measured. The specific steps were as follows: Serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured using an ELISA kit purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Co., Ltd., and measured according to the kit instructions; antioxidant indicators (total antioxidant capacity activity, total superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content) were measured.

[0105] 2.3 Meat quality indicators

[0106] Randomly select 4 from the natural medicine residue group, compound bacterium agent group, and single bacterium agent group respectively, 1 from each replicate, a total of 12 Hu sheep for weighing and slaughtering. The measured indicators are as follows:

[0107] Backfat thickness: Use a vernier caliper to measure the subcutaneous fat thickness on the back at the junction of the 12th and 13th thoracic vertebrae, repeat 3 times.

[0108] pH: The pH of the back muscle samples was measured within 45 min. At the same time, the back muscle samples were placed in a 4°C refrigerator for 24 h, and then the pH was measured for 24 h using a portable pH meter (S20K, METTLER TOLEDO, Switzerland). This was repeated three times.

[0109] Meat color: Take a 1 cm thick longissimus dorsi muscle sample and use a MiniScanEZ colorimeter to measure the brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values of the longissimus dorsi muscle 45 minutes after slaughter, repeating 3 times.

[0110] Cooking loss: Take about 20g of back muscle sample, seal it in a plastic bag, place it in a constant temperature water bath so that the center temperature of the meat sample reaches 70℃, cool it to room temperature, then weigh it and calculate.

[0111] Shear force: To determine cooking loss, cool the sample and place it in a conical sampler to obtain a sample with a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 4 cm. Shear force of the longissimus dorsi muscle was measured using a Brookfield CT3 texture analyzer. Three replicates were performed for each sample.

[0112] Drip loss: Weigh a 5 × 4 × 3 cm piece of back muscle, then hang it in a food bag to prevent contact between the meat sample and the bag. Place each piece in a 4°C refrigerator for 24 hours, remove it, blot the surface moisture of the meat sample with filter paper, and weigh it to calculate the drip loss (24 hours).

[0113] 3. Statistical analysis

[0114] The experimental data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance using the general linear model in IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. When the F test showed significant differences, Duncan's multiple comparisons were performed, and P < 0.05 indicated that the differences were statistically significant.

[0115] 4. Results

[0116] 4.1 Effects of fermented Chinese medicinal residues on the growth performance of Hu sheep

[0117] The effects of fermented Chinese medicine residue on the growth performance of Hu sheep are shown in Table 6.

[0118] Table 6 Effects of fermented Chinese medicinal residues on the growth performance of Hu sheep

[0119]

[0120] As shown in Table 6, compared with the control group: there was no significant difference in the initial weight and final weight of the experimental sheep in the three fermented Chinese medicine residue groups (P>0.05), but the average daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio of the meat sheep were significantly reduced (P<0.05); the daily weight gain of the composite microbial agent group was significantly higher than that of the control group, natural fermentation group and single microbial agent group (P<0.05).

[0121] The above test results show that: feeding the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue prepared by this technical achievement can significantly increase the average daily gain of meat sheep and reduce the feed-to-weight ratio, and the effect is significantly better than that of the natural fermentation group and the single microbial agent group.

[0122] 4.2 Effects of replacing part of the roughage diet with fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue on the blood indexes of Hu sheep

[0123] The effects of replacing part of the roughage diet with fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue on the blood indexes of Hu sheep are shown in Table 7.

[0124] Table 7 Effects of replacing part of the roughage diet with fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue on the blood of Hu sheep

[0125]

[0126] As can be seen from Table 7, compared with the control group, the serum superoxide dismutase activity in the compound microbial agent group was significantly increased on the 30th day and 60th day (P<0.05), the total antioxidant capacity in the single microbial agent group was significantly higher than that in the control group on the 60th day (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the antioxidant indexes between the natural fermentation group and the control group (P>0.05); the immunoglobulin IgA content in the compound microbial agent group was significantly higher than that in the control group on the 30th day and 60th day (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the immunoglobulin levels between the single fermentation group, the natural fermentation group and the control group (P>0.05).

[0127] The above results show that feeding the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue prepared by this invention can significantly improve the immune indexes and antioxidant indexes of Hu sheep.

[0128] 4.3 Effects of replacing part of the roughage diet with fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue on the meat quality of Hu sheep

[0129] The effects of replacing part of the roughage diet with fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue on the meat quality of Hu sheep are shown in Table 8.

[0130] Table 8 Effects of replacing part of the roughage diet with fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue on the meat quality of Hu sheep

[0131] Item Natural fermentation group Compound microbial agent group Single microbial agent group P value Backfat thickness mm 1.51 1.46 1.56 0.635 pH 45 min 6.65 6.67 6.57 0.628 pH 24 h 6.27 6.12 6.11 0.440 L* 45 min 30.23 28.33 29.33 0.615 a* 45 min 15.50 17.32 16.32 0.536 b* 45 min 2.54 2.31 2.30 0.575 Drip loss 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.067 Shear force <![CDATA[46.72 a > <![CDATA[32.86 b > <![CDATA[36.86 b > 0.016 Cooking loss <![CDATA[0.28 a > <![CDATA[0.20 b > <![CDATA[0.24 ab > 0.031

[0132] As can be seen from Table 8, compared with the natural fermentation group, the shear force of mutton in the compound microbial agent group and the single microbial agent group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the cooking loss of mutton in the compound microbial agent group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the other indexes (P>0.05).

[0133] The above results show that feeding the traditional Chinese medicine residue feed prepared by this invention significantly reduces the shear force of mutton and has a tendency to significantly reduce the drip loss, indicating that feeding the traditional Chinese medicine residue feed prepared by this invention can improve the meat quality of meat sheep. In actual production, microbial fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue can be appropriately added to the feed in order to improve the quality of livestock products.

[0134] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine residue feed, characterized in that It consists of the following steps: (1) Dry the Chinese medicine residues until the moisture content is 60 - 65%, and mix them with auxiliary materials to obtain a mixed material; the main component of the Chinese medicine residues is the solid by-product of the Chinese patent medicine "Jiangzhong Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets". (2) Mix the mixed material with a compound microbial agent and carry out airtight fermentation to obtain fermented Chinese medicine residues. (3) Mix the fermented Chinese medicine residues, roughage for meat sheep and concentrate feed to obtain the Chinese medicine residue feed. The compound microbial agent is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis. The effective viable count in the compound bacterial agent is 2×10 8 CFU / mL - 4×10 8 CFU / mL; The dosage of the compound microbial agent is 2% - 4% of the mass of the mixed material. The temperature of the airtight fermentation treatment is 30°C, and the time is 14d - 21d. The roughage for meat sheep includes one or more of rice straw, peanut vine and hay; the concentrate feed includes the following raw materials: 50 - 60 parts of corn, 5 - 10 parts of wheat bran, 25 - 35 parts of meal, 1 - 2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 - 2 parts of stone powder, 0.5 - 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 1 - 2 parts of meat sheep premix; the meal includes one or more of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and corn germ meal. The mass ratio of the fermented Chinese medicine residues, the roughage for meat sheep and the concentrate feed is (3 - 4):(3 - 4):(2 - 4).

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the Chinese medicine residues and the auxiliary materials is (85 - 95):(5 - 15); the auxiliary materials include rice straw and / or wheat bran.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The meat sheep include goats and sheep.

4. A Chinese medicine residue feed prepared by using the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 - 3.

5. Use of the Chinese medicine residue feed according to claim 4 in increasing the feed intake of meat sheep, promoting the growth of meat sheep and improving the quality of mutton.

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