An efficient purification system for incinerated sludge flue gas

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to an efficient purification system for incineration sludge flue gas, which includes a pretreatment module, a dynamic ion separation module, an acid gas neutralization module, a heavy metal adsorption module, an acid-metal interactive purification module, a deep oxidation module and an intelligent control module; wherein: The pretreatment module: is used to receive the initial flue gas flow; The dynamic ion separation module: is used for the preliminary separation of heavy metal ions; The acid gas neutralization module: is used to stabilize the emission of acid gases; The heavy metal adsorption module: is used for the precise adsorption of heavy metal ions; The acid-metal interactive purification module: is used to treat composite pollutants; The intelligent control module: is used to automatically adjust the operation parameters of the modules. With the present invention, through the integration of efficient purification technologies and intelligent control, the comprehensive removal of various pollutants in the sludge incineration flue gas and the stable discharge up to the standard are achieved, and the response speed, purification efficiency and energy-saving effect of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly to a high-efficiency purification system for incinerated sludge flue gas. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of the industrialization and urbanization processes, sludge incineration, as the main method for sludge harmless treatment, has significant advantages in terms of treatment efficiency and reduction effect. However, the flue gas generated during the sludge incineration process contains a large amount of pollutants, especially acidic gases, heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.) and organic toxic substances (such as dioxins and furans). The direct emission of these pollutants will pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. Due to the complex flue gas composition and diverse pollutant types, achieving efficient purification and up-to-standard emission of sludge incineration flue gas has become the core requirement in the field of sludge treatment.

[0003] In the prior art, there are various problems in the accuracy, stability and energy consumption control of multi-pollutant removal in the sludge incineration flue gas purification system. For example, acidic gases and heavy metal pollutants are prone to form interactive composite pollution, increasing the difficulty of separation and removal; the high-temperature decomposition of organic toxic substances is incomplete, resulting in the risk of secondary pollution. In addition, the existing system has a slow adjustment response under different flue gas compositions and insufficient intelligent control, and it is difficult to adapt to the changes in pollutant concentration and flow conditions. To solve the above problems, there is an urgent need for a high-efficiency purification system integrating multiple modules to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a high-efficiency purification system for incinerated sludge flue gas.

[0005] A high-efficiency purification system for incinerated sludge flue gas includes a pretreatment module, a dynamic ion separation module, an acidic gas neutralization module, a heavy metal adsorption module, an acid-metal interactive purification module, a deep oxidation module and an intelligent control module; wherein:

[0006] The pretreatment module: is arranged at the system inlet end, used to receive the initial flue gas flow, and intercept the particulate matter through a multi-stage filter layer to provide a stable flue gas flow for the dynamic ion separation module;

[0007] The dynamic ion separation module: is arranged downstream of the pretreatment module, based on the flue gas flow provided by the pretreatment module, used to preliminarily separate heavy metal ions and form a stratified flow, and provide separation data of acidic gases and heavy metals for the subsequent modules;

[0008] The acidic gas neutralization module: is connected downstream of the dynamic ion separation module, used to adjust the neutralization reaction conditions according to the acidic gas flow data provided by the dynamic ion separation module to stabilize the emission of acidic gases;

[0009] Heavy metal adsorption module: Set downstream of the acidic gas neutralization module, it is used to precisely adsorb heavy metal ions according to the heavy metal separation information provided by the dynamic ion separation module and output a heavy metal-free flue gas stream;

[0010] Acid-gold interaction purification module: Connected to the output ends of the acidic gas neutralization module and the heavy metal adsorption module, it is used to treat the composite pollutants generated by the interaction after the separation of heavy metals and acidic gases, and form a purified flue gas stream without composite pollution;

[0011] Deep oxidation module: Located downstream of the acid-gold interaction purification module, it includes a high-temperature catalytic bed and an ultraviolet oxidizer. It is used to receive the purified flue gas stream from the acid-gold interaction purification module and decompose the residual organic toxic pollutants to ensure that the flue gas meets the emission standards;

[0012] Intelligent control module: Connected to each treatment module, it is used to receive and monitor the operation data of each module in real time, and automatically adjust the module operation parameters according to the flue gas composition and flow conditions to ensure the efficient purification of the system under different working conditions.

[0013] Optionally, the pretreatment module includes a particulate matter capture unit and a fluid regulation unit; where:

[0014] Particulate matter capture unit: It includes a cyclone separator and a coarse filtration device. The cyclone separator is set at the inlet end and uses the centrifugal separation principle to capture large particulate matters in the initial flue gas stream. The high-density large particulate matters are thrown towards the inner wall of the separator by the centrifugal force generated by rotation and then settle to the collection area; the coarse filtration device is set downstream of the cyclone separator and includes multiple layers of gradually denser filter meshes, which are used to filter the remaining smaller particulate matters. The aperture of each layer of filter mesh decreases layer by layer, and fine particulate matters are intercepted by physical screening;

[0015] Fluid regulation unit: It includes an air flow equalizer and a flow rate control device. The air flow equalizer is located downstream of the coarse filtration device and adopts a perforated plate structure. When the flue gas stream after removing particulate matters passes through the perforated plate, it disperses the uneven air flow into multiple small air flow channels to achieve the uniformity of the air flow; the flow rate control device is connected to the output end of the air flow equalizer and automatically controls the passing flue gas flow rate based on the system requirements through an adjustable throttle valve or a wind speed regulating motor.

[0016] Optionally, the dynamic ion separation module includes a dynamic balance ion sieve unit and an electric field regulation unit; where:

[0017] Dynamic balance ion sieve unit: It includes multi-stage ion sieve meshes and a separation channel structure. The multi-stage ion sieve meshes adopt different screening pore diameters and are arranged in each layer of the flue gas flow channel. Through the multi-stage screening structure, most heavy metal ions are effectively intercepted and concentrated, forming a relatively pure acidic gas flow and a stratified flow rich in heavy metal ions; the separation channel structure is connected to the multi-stage ion sieve meshes and is used to output the separated acidic gas flow and heavy metal flow through different channels.

[0018] Electric field regulation unit: It includes parallel electrode plates and an electric field control sub-unit. The parallel electrode plates are arranged on both sides of the separation channel and are used to generate a constant electric field when the flue gas flows through, applying an electric field force to the heavy metal ions in the flue gas to make them deflect in a predetermined direction, realizing the spatial separation of the acidic gas and the heavy metal flow; the electric field control sub-unit is connected to the parallel electrode plates and is used to adjust the intensity and direction of the electric field to adapt to the change of the heavy metal concentration in different flue gas components, ensuring that the heavy metal ions are efficiently deflected and separated with the assistance of the ion sieve meshes, thereby generating a stratified flow rich in heavy metals.

[0019] Optionally, the electric field control sub-unit specifically includes:

[0020] Heavy metal concentration detection: Before the flue gas enters the dynamic ion separation module, use a sensor to detect the heavy metal concentration in the flue gas in real time to determine the mass concentration C of the heavy metal ions in the flue gas flow.

[0021] Calculation of electric field strength: According to the detected heavy metal ion concentration C and the separation distance D of the ion sieve mesh, calculate the required electric field strength E to deflect the heavy metal ions. The calculation formula is: Where, F represents the force exerted on the heavy metal ions in the electric field, with the unit of Newton; Q represents the electric charge of the heavy metal ions, with the unit of Coulomb; to make the heavy metal ions deflect effectively by a distance D, the required force F is determined according to the acceleration A and mass M of the heavy metal ions. The calculation formula is: Where, A is the acceleration of the heavy metal ions, with the unit of meters per second squared; T is the set separation time, with the unit of seconds; D is the deflection distance of the ion sieve mesh, with the unit of meters.

[0022] Adjustment of electric field direction: After determining the electric field strength E, the electric field control sub-unit adjusts the electric field direction according to the flow direction of the heavy metal ions and the spatial position of the ion sieve mesh to guide the heavy metal ions to deflect towards a predetermined channel; the deflection angle of the electric field direction is calculated according to the longitudinal velocity and transverse velocity of the heavy metal ions. The formula is: Where, θ represents the deflection angle of the electric field direction, with the unit of degrees; V y is the longitudinal velocity component of the heavy metal ions, with the unit of meters per second; V x$v_{t}$ is the horizontal velocity component of the heavy metal ions, with the unit of meters per second; arctan represents the arctangent function; by controlling the value of θ, the heavy metal ions can enter the specified separation channel of the ion sieve.

[0023] Optionally, the acid gas neutralization module includes an alkali solution spray tower and a multiphase stirring device; where:

[0024] Alkali solution spray tower: It includes an alkali solution delivery unit and a multi-layer spray structure. The alkali solution delivery unit is used to receive the alkali solution and transport it to the top of the spray tower; the multi-layer spray structure is composed of multiple spray nozzles, and each layer of spray nozzles is arranged at different angles and flow rates to ensure that the alkali solution forms a uniform distribution in the spray tower to cover the flow path of the acid gas, so as to undergo a neutralization reaction with the acidic components in the acid gas;

[0025] Multiphase stirring device: It includes a mechanical stirring unit and a gas-liquid mixing channel. The mechanical stirring unit is installed at the bottom of the alkali solution spray tower and is used to fully stir the acid-base mixed liquid after the reaction in the spray tower; the gas-liquid mixing channel is connected to the mechanical stirring unit and is used to accelerate the gas-liquid contact reaction between the acid gas and the alkali solution and improve the neutralization efficiency.

[0026] Optionally, the heavy metal adsorption module includes a nano-adsorption unit and an ion exchange unit; where:

[0027] Nano-adsorption unit: It includes a porous alumina nano-material layer and an adsorption channel structure. The porous alumina nano-material layer has a nano-structure with an average pore diameter of 2 - 10 nanometers and is used to adsorb heavy metal ions, and the heavy metal ions include lead, cadmium, and mercury; the thickness of the porous alumina nano-material layer is set to 2 - 5 millimeters to ensure efficient adsorption when the heavy metal ion concentration is 10 - 50 milligrams per cubic meter; the adsorption channel structure is arranged below the porous alumina nano-material layer and is used to guide the flue gas to pass through the nano-material layer so that the heavy metal ions can be efficiently captured when contacting the adsorption layer;

[0028] Ion exchange unit: It is arranged downstream of the nano-adsorption unit and includes a resin ion exchange layer and a regeneration control device; the resin ion exchange layer uses cation exchange resin with a particle size of 1 - 2 millimeters and has an exchange reactivity to the residual lead, cadmium, and mercury ions in the flue gas to reduce the heavy metal content in the flue gas; the regeneration control device is arranged beside the ion exchange resin layer and is used to regenerate the resin layer regularly according to the system operation time and the adsorption saturation state to restore the resin exchange capacity.

[0029] Optionally, the acid-gold interaction purification module includes an oxidation reaction unit and a multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit; where:

[0030] Oxidation reaction unit: It includes an ozone generator and a reaction chamber. The ozone generator is used to electrolyze oxygen to generate ozone O3 and introduce it into the reaction chamber for oxidation reaction with composite pollutants. The oxidation reaction unit also includes automatically adjusting the ozone flow rate according to the concentration of residual pollutants after the separation of heavy metals and acidic gases to ensure that the ozone concentration remains at 10-20 ppm, so as to oxidize the residual acidic gases and heavy metal oxides and make them lose their activity;

[0031] Multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit: Located downstream of the oxidation reaction unit, it includes three layers of catalytic decomposition beds and a decomposition reaction controller. The three layers of catalytic decomposition beds use a porous catalyst coating containing titanium and vanadium as the main components, with each layer having a thickness of 3-5 mm, which can decompose the oxidized composite pollutants into stable harmless substances. The decomposition reaction controller is connected to each catalytic bed and is used to adjust the flue gas flow rate and reaction temperature according to the output of the oxidation reaction unit. The reaction temperature is specifically controlled at 200-250 °C to optimize the decomposition efficiency.

[0032] Optionally, the advanced oxidation module includes a high-temperature catalytic unit and an ultraviolet oxidation unit; among them:

[0033] High-temperature catalytic unit: It includes a porous ceramic carrier and a catalyst coating. The porous ceramic carrier is arranged at the inlet end of the advanced oxidation module and has a honeycomb structure, which is used to increase the contact area between the flue gas and the catalyst. The catalyst coating includes a catalyst material mainly composed of precious metals platinum and palladium, which is used to uniformly coat the surface of the porous ceramic carrier. The high-temperature catalytic unit heats the flue gas to 300-350 °C. At this temperature, the organic toxic pollutants of residual dioxins and furans are activated by the catalyst and will undergo oxidation decomposition reactions to decompose the organic toxic substances into carbon dioxide and water to reduce the toxicity of the flue gas;

[0034] Ultraviolet oxidation unit: Arranged downstream of the high-temperature catalytic unit, it includes ultraviolet lamps and a reaction chamber. The ultraviolet lamps use ultraviolet light sources with a wavelength of 254 nm and are installed in the reaction chamber to perform ultraviolet irradiation on the treated flue gas. The ultraviolet light irradiation in the reaction chamber can cause photochemical reactions of residual trace organic toxic pollutant molecules, and then convert the undecomposed organic molecules into non-toxic small molecules; ensuring that all organic toxic substances are completely decomposed and reducing the concentration of residual harmful components in the flue gas to a level lower than the environmental protection discharge standard.

[0035] Optionally, the intelligent control module includes a data acquisition unit, a data analysis unit and a feedback control unit; among them:

[0036] Data acquisition unit: Configured with various types of sensors, including gas composition sensors, temperature sensors, and flow rate sensors; respectively installed in the pretreatment module, dynamic ion separation module, acid gas neutralization module, heavy metal adsorption module, acid-gold interaction purification module, and deep oxidation module; the gas composition sensor is used to detect the real-time concentrations of various pollutants in the flue gas, including acid gases, heavy metal ions, and organic toxic substances; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the flue gas temperature; the flow rate sensor is used to monitor the flue gas flow rate;

[0037] Data analysis unit: Used to compare and analyze the operation data of each module with the set target parameters, and determine the optimal operation parameters of each module in real time by calculating the change rate of flue gas composition, the fluctuations of temperature and flow rate;

[0038] Feedback control unit: Includes a controller and an actuator. The controller is used to send adjustment signals to the actuators of each module according to the analysis results of the data analysis unit; the actuator is connected to the adjustment devices of each module and is used to automatically adjust the operation parameters of each module to ensure that the system can efficiently remove pollutants under different flue gas compositions and flow conditions.

[0039] Optionally, the data analysis unit specifically includes:

[0040] Calculation of the change rate of flue gas composition: Receive the flue gas composition concentration data C t from the gas composition sensor, and determine the change rate R of the flue gas composition by calculating the concentration change between two adjacent time points. The formula is: where C t is the flue gas composition concentration at the current time point t, and C t-1 is the flue gas composition concentration at the previous time point t-1; Δt is the time interval, with the unit of second;

[0041] Calculation of temperature fluctuation: Receive the flue gas temperature data T t from the temperature sensor, and calculate the temperature fluctuation rate W. The formula is: W = T t -T avg where T t is the flue gas temperature at the current time point, and T avg is the average temperature over a period of time;

[0042] Calculation of flow rate fluctuation: Receive the flue gas flow rate data V t from the flow rate sensor, and calculate the flow rate fluctuation rate F. The formula is: where V t is the flue gas flow rate at the current time point, and V avg is the average flow rate over a period of time;

[0043] Real-time determination of optimal operating parameters: Based on the calculated rate of change R, temperature volatility W, and flow rate volatility F, the calculation results are compared with the target parameters of each module. When the rate of change exceeds the target range, an instruction will be sent to the feedback control unit to adjust the parameters of each module in real time.

[0044] Advantages of the present invention:

[0045] In the present invention, by integrating a variety of efficient flue gas purification technologies, comprehensive removal of various complex pollutants in sludge incineration flue gas is achieved. Using precise separation and adsorption technologies, acidic gases, heavy metal ions, and organic toxic substances can be effectively separated and removed, significantly reducing the harmful components in the flue gas, thereby achieving the purpose of clean emission. In addition, the synergistic effect of purification means such as oxidation and decomposition ensures the complete decomposition of pollutants, effectively avoiding the risks of compound pollution and secondary pollution.

[0046] In the present invention, through intelligent control technology, the purification parameters can be automatically adjusted according to the real-time flue gas composition and flow changes to improve the system response speed and purification efficiency. This automatic regulation not only enhances the adaptability of the system under different working conditions but also realizes energy conservation and consumption reduction, ensuring the stability and high efficiency of the purification system, making the flue gas emissions meet strict environmental protection standards, and contributing to the technological upgrading of the environmental protection industry. Description of the drawings

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only those of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0048] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the high-efficiency flue gas purification system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the dynamic ion separation module according to the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it should be noted here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments. For some well-known technologies, those skilled in the art can also adopt other alternative methods for implementation; and the drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0051] It should be noted that in the specification, the mention of "an embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments", etc. indicates that the described embodiments may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not necessarily every embodiment includes such specific features, structures or characteristics. Additionally, when combining an embodiment to describe a specific feature, structure or characteristic, implementing such feature, structure or characteristic in combination with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the relevant art.

[0052] Generally, terms can be understood at least in part from their use in context. For example, at least in part depending on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure or characteristic in a singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey a set of exclusive factors, but rather can alternatively, at least in part depending on the context, allow for the existence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0053] As Figure 1 - Figure 2 shown, an efficient purification system for incinerated sludge flue gas includes a pretreatment module, a dynamic ion separation module, an acid gas neutralization module, a heavy metal adsorption module, an acid-metal interaction purification module, a deep oxidation module and an intelligent control module; wherein:

[0054] Pretreatment module: Set at the system inlet end, used to receive the initial flue gas stream and intercept particulate matter through a multi-stage filter layer to provide a stable flue gas stream for the dynamic ion separation module;

[0055] Dynamic ion separation module: Set downstream of the pretreatment module, based on the flue gas stream provided by the pretreatment module, used to preliminarily separate heavy metal ions and form a stratified flow, and provide separation data of acid gas and heavy metals for subsequent modules;

[0056] Acid gas neutralization module: Connected downstream of the dynamic ion separation module, used to adjust the neutralization reaction conditions according to the acid gas stream data provided by the dynamic ion separation module to stabilize the emission of acid gas;

[0057] Heavy metal adsorption module: Set downstream of the acid gas neutralization module, used to precisely adsorb heavy metal ions according to the heavy metal separation information provided by the dynamic ion separation module and output a heavy metal-free flue gas stream;

[0058] Acid-metal interaction purification module: Connected to the output ends of the acid gas neutralization module and the heavy metal adsorption module, used to treat the composite pollutants generated by the interaction after the separation of heavy metals and acid gas to form a purified flue gas stream without composite pollution;

[0059] Deep oxidation module: Located downstream of the acid-gold interactive purification module, it includes a high-temperature catalytic bed and an ultraviolet oxidizer, which are used to receive the purified flue gas stream from the acid-gold interactive purification module and decompose residual organic toxic pollutants to ensure that the flue gas meets the emission standards.

[0060] Intelligent control module: Connected to each treatment module, it is used to receive and monitor the operation data of each module in real time, and automatically adjust the module operation parameters according to the flue gas composition and flow conditions to ensure efficient purification of the system under different working conditions.

[0061] The pretreatment module includes a particulate matter capture unit and a fluid regulation unit; among them:

[0062] Particulate matter capture unit: It includes a cyclone separator and a coarse filtration device. The cyclone separator is set at the inlet end and uses the centrifugal separation principle to capture large particulate matters in the initial flue gas stream. The high-density large particulate matters are thrown to the inner wall of the separator by the centrifugal force generated by rotation and then settle to the collection area. The coarse filtration device is set downstream of the cyclone separator and includes multiple layers of gradually denser filter meshes, which are used to filter the remaining smaller particulate matters. The pore size of each layer of filter mesh decreases layer by layer, and fine particulate matters are intercepted by physical screening, so as to ensure a significant reduction in the particulate matter content in the flue gas stream after removal.

[0063] Fluid regulation unit: It includes an air flow equalizer and a flow rate control device. The air flow equalizer is located downstream of the coarse filtration device and adopts a perforated plate structure. When the flue gas stream after removing particulate matters passes through the perforated plate, the uneven air flow is dispersed into multiple small air flow channels to achieve air flow uniformity and avoid the influence of local flow rate differences on subsequent modules. The flow rate control device is connected to the output end of the air flow equalizer and automatically controls the passing flue gas flow rate based on system requirements through adjustable throttle valves or wind speed adjustment motors to ensure that the flue gas stream has a stable and controllable speed when entering the subsequent dynamic ion separation module. Through the functions of each unit of the above pretreatment module, the effective interception of particulate matters, the uniform treatment of the flue gas stream, and the flow rate adjustment are ensured, providing a stable, uniform, and appropriately flowing flue gas stream for the dynamic ion separation module, significantly improving the overall purification effect and operation efficiency of the system.

[0064] The dynamic ion separation module includes a dynamic balance ion sieve unit and an electric field regulation unit; among them:

[0065] Dynamic balance ion sieve unit: It includes a multi-stage ion sieve mesh and a separation channel structure. The multi-stage ion sieve mesh adopts different screening pore sizes and is set in each layer of the flue gas flow channel. Most heavy metal ions are effectively intercepted and concentrated through the multi-stage screening structure to form a relatively pure acidic gas stream and a layered stream rich in heavy metal ions for separation and treatment by subsequent modules. The separation channel structure is connected to the multi-stage ion sieve mesh and is used to output the separated acidic gas stream and heavy metal stream through different flow channels to ensure the layering effect.

[0066] Electric field regulation unit: It includes parallel electrode plates and an electric field control subunit. The parallel electrode plates are arranged on both sides of the separation channel and are used to generate a constant electric field when the flue gas flows through, apply an electric field force to the heavy metal ions in the flue gas, and make them deflect in a predetermined direction to achieve spatial separation of acidic gases and heavy metal flows. The electric field control subunit is connected to the parallel electrode plates and is used to adjust the intensity and direction of the electric field to adapt to the change of heavy metal concentration in different flue gas components, ensure the efficient deflection and separation of heavy metal ions with the assistance of the ion sieve mesh, and thus generate a stratified flow rich in heavy metals. Through the mutual cooperation of the above units and subunits, the effective preliminary separation of heavy metal ions and acidic gases is achieved and a stratified flow is formed, ensuring that the subsequent modules can obtain accurate separation data of acidic gases and heavy metals, and improving the overall separation efficiency and purification effect of the system.

[0067] Specifically, the adjustment of the intensity and direction of the electric field in the electric field control subunit includes:

[0068] Heavy metal concentration detection: Before the flue gas enters the dynamic ion separation module, a sensor is used to detect the heavy metal concentration in the flue gas in real time to determine the mass concentration C of heavy metal ions in the flue gas. The heavy metal concentration detection formula is: Where m represents the mass of heavy metals in the flue gas, V represents the volume of the flue gas, and this concentration value provides a basis for the subsequent calculation of the electric field intensity;

[0069] Calculation of electric field intensity: According to the detected heavy metal ion concentration C and the separation distance D of the ion sieve mesh, calculate the required electric field intensity E to deflect heavy metal ions. The calculation formula is: Where F represents the force exerted on the heavy metal ions in the electric field, with the unit of Newton; Q represents the charge quantity of the heavy metal ions, with the unit of Coulomb; to make the heavy metal ions deflect effectively by a distance D, the required force F is determined according to the acceleration A and mass M of the heavy metal ions. The calculation formula is: Where A is the acceleration of the heavy metal ions, with the unit of meters per second squared; T is the set separation time, with the unit of seconds; D is the deflection distance of the ion sieve mesh, with the unit of meters;

[0070] Adjustment of electric field direction: After determining the electric field intensity E, the electric field control subunit adjusts the electric field direction according to the flow direction of the heavy metal ions and the spatial position of the ion sieve mesh to guide the heavy metal ions to deflect towards the predetermined flow channel. The deflection angle of the electric field direction is calculated according to the longitudinal velocity and transverse velocity of the heavy metal ions. The formula is: Where θ represents the deflection angle of the electric field direction, with the unit of degrees; V y Is the longitudinal velocity component of the heavy metal ions, with the unit of meters per second; V x$v_{x}$ is the horizontal velocity component of heavy metal ions, with the unit of meters per second; arctan represents the arctangent function, which is used to calculate the angle of the heavy metal ion velocity vector; by controlling the value of θ, the heavy metal ions can enter the specified separation channel of the ion sieve; through the adjustment steps of the above-mentioned electric field control sub-unit, the dynamic adjustment of the electric field strength and direction is realized, so that the heavy metal ions are effectively deflected to the specified channel, generating a stratified flow rich in heavy metals, providing accurate heavy metal flow data for the separation treatment of subsequent modules, and enhancing the overall separation effect of the system.

[0071] The acid gas neutralization module includes an alkali liquor spray tower and a multiphase stirring device; among them:

[0072] Alkali liquor spray tower: It includes an alkali liquor delivery unit and a multi-layer spray structure. The alkali liquor delivery unit is used to receive the alkali liquor and transport it to the top of the spray tower; the multi-layer spray structure is composed of multiple spray nozzles, and each layer of spray nozzles is arranged at different angles and flow rates to ensure that the alkali liquor forms a uniform distribution in the spray tower to cover the flow path of the acid gas, so as to neutralize the acid components in the acid gas; based on the acid gas flow rate and concentration data provided by the dynamic ion separation module, the alkali liquor flow rate and spray angle of each layer of spray nozzles are adjusted to achieve the best neutralization efficiency;

[0073] Multiphase stirring device: It includes a mechanical stirring unit and a gas-liquid mixing channel. The mechanical stirring unit is installed at the bottom of the alkali liquor spray tower and is used to fully stir the acid-base mixed liquid after the reaction in the spray tower to prevent the residue of unreacted acidic substances; the gas-liquid mixing channel is connected to the mechanical stirring unit and is used to accelerate the gas-liquid contact reaction between the acid gas and the alkali liquor to improve the neutralization efficiency; according to the acid gas component data provided by the dynamic ion separation module, by adjusting the stirring rate and the angle of the stirring blades, the acid gas components can be fully neutralized.

[0074] The heavy metal adsorption module includes a nano-adsorption unit and an ion exchange unit; among them:

[0075] Nano-adsorption unit: It includes a porous alumina nano-material layer and an adsorption channel structure. The porous alumina nano-material layer has a nano-structure with an average pore diameter of 2 - 10 nanometers and is used to adsorb heavy metal ions, and the heavy metal ions include lead, cadmium, and mercury; the thickness of the porous alumina nano-material layer is set to 2 - 5 millimeters to ensure efficient adsorption when the heavy metal ion concentration is 10 - 50 milligrams per cubic meter; the adsorption channel structure is arranged below the porous alumina nano-material layer and is used to guide the flue gas flow through the nano-material layer, so that the heavy metal ions can be efficiently captured when contacting the adsorption layer, thereby reducing the heavy metal content in the subsequent flue gas flow.

[0076] Ion exchange unit: Set downstream of the nano-adsorption unit, including a resin ion exchange layer and a regeneration control device; the resin ion exchange layer uses cation exchange resin with a particle size of 1 - 2 mm, which has an exchange reactivity with residual lead, cadmium, and mercury ions in the flue gas to reduce the heavy metal content in the flue gas; the ion exchange capacity of the exchange unit is set to 0.8 - 1.2 mmol / g to ensure that when the heavy metal ion content is 1 - 5 mg / m³ after being treated by the nano-adsorption unit, it can be fully removed; the regeneration control device is set beside the ion exchange resin layer and is used to regenerate the resin layer regularly according to the system operation time and adsorption saturation state to restore the resin exchange capacity and maintain long-term stable operation; through the combined use of the nano-adsorption unit and the ion exchange unit in the above heavy metal adsorption module, an accurate response to the heavy metal ion concentration information provided by the dynamic ion separation module is achieved, enabling efficient adsorption and complete removal of heavy metal ions at different concentrations, thereby outputting a heavy metal-free purified flue gas stream that meets the emission standards.

[0077] The acid-gold interaction purification module includes an oxidation reaction unit and a multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit; among them:

[0078] Oxidation reaction unit: Includes an ozone generator and a reaction chamber. The ozone generator is used to electrolyze oxygen to generate ozone O3 and introduce it into the reaction chamber for oxidation reaction with the composite pollutants; the oxidation reaction unit also includes automatically adjusting the ozone flow rate according to the residual pollutant concentration after the separation of heavy metals and acidic gases to ensure that the ozone concentration remains at 10 - 20 ppm to oxidize the residual acidic gases and heavy metal oxides and make them lose their activity;

[0079] Multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit: Located downstream of the oxidation reaction unit, including three layers of catalytic decomposition beds and a decomposition reaction controller; the three layers of catalytic decomposition beds use a porous catalyst coating containing titanium (TiO2) and vanadium (V2O5) as the main components, with each layer having a thickness of 3 - 5 mm, which can decompose the oxidized composite pollutants into stable harmless substances; the decomposition reaction controller is connected to each catalytic bed and is used to adjust the flue gas flow rate and reaction temperature according to the output of the oxidation reaction unit, and the reaction temperature is specifically controlled at 200 - 250 °C to optimize the decomposition efficiency and ensure that there are no residual composite pollutants in the flue gas; through the interaction of the above oxidation reaction unit and multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit, in-depth treatment of the composite pollutants is achieved, and the composite pollutants generated after the separation of heavy metals and acidic gases can be completely oxidized and decomposed to form a purified flue gas stream without composite pollution, providing a purified effect that meets the standards for subsequent emissions and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the overall system.

[0080] The deep oxidation module includes a high-temperature catalytic unit and an ultraviolet oxidation unit; among them:

[0081] High-temperature catalytic unit: It includes a porous ceramic carrier and a catalyst coating. The porous ceramic carrier is arranged at the inlet end of the deep oxidation module and has a honeycomb structure, which is used to increase the contact area between the flue gas and the catalyst. The catalyst coating includes a catalyst material mainly composed of noble metals platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd), which is used to uniformly coat the surface of the porous ceramic carrier. The high-temperature catalytic unit heats the flue gas to 300 - 350 °C. At this temperature, the organic toxic pollutants of residual dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) are activated by the catalyst, and oxidation decomposition reactions will occur to decompose the organic toxic substances into carbon dioxide and water, so as to reduce the toxicity of the flue gas.

[0082] Ultraviolet oxidation unit: It is arranged downstream of the high-temperature catalytic unit and includes ultraviolet lamps and a reaction chamber. The ultraviolet lamps use ultraviolet light sources with a wavelength of 254 nanometers and are installed in the reaction chamber to perform ultraviolet irradiation on the treated flue gas. The ultraviolet light irradiation in the reaction chamber can cause photochemical reactions of residual trace organic toxic pollutant molecules, and then convert the undecomposed organic molecules into non-toxic small molecules, ensuring that all organic toxic substances are completely decomposed and reducing the residual harmful components in the flue gas to a concentration lower than the environmental protection emission standard. Through the mutual cooperation of the above-mentioned high-temperature catalytic unit and ultraviolet oxidation unit, the complete decomposition of residual organic toxic pollutants is achieved, ensuring the cleanliness and safety of the flue gas, making the discharged flue gas meet the environmental protection requirements, and providing a reliable guarantee for the overall purification effect of the system.

[0083] The intelligent control module includes a data acquisition unit, a data analysis unit, and a feedback control unit; among which:

[0084] Data acquisition unit: It is configured with various types of sensors, including gas component sensors, temperature sensors, and flow rate sensors, which are respectively installed in the pretreatment module, dynamic ion separation module, acid gas neutralization module, heavy metal adsorption module, acid-gold interaction purification module, and deep oxidation module. The gas component sensors are used to detect the real-time concentrations of various pollutants in the flue gas, including acid gases, heavy metal ions, and organic toxic substances. The temperature sensors are used to monitor the flue gas temperature to ensure that the temperature is within the appropriate reaction range of each module. The flow rate sensors are used to monitor the flue gas flow rate to maintain the uniformity of gas flow.

[0085] Data analysis unit: It is used to compare and analyze the operation data of each module with the set target parameters, and determine the optimal operation parameters of each module in real time by calculating the change rate of flue gas components, the fluctuations of temperature and flow rate.

[0086] Feedback control unit: It includes a controller and an actuator. The controller is used to send adjustment signals to the actuators of each module according to the analysis results of the data analysis unit; the actuator is connected to the adjustment devices of each module and is used to automatically adjust the operating parameters of each module to ensure that the system can efficiently remove pollutants under different flue gas compositions and flow conditions.

[0087] The data analysis unit specifically includes:

[0088] Calculation of the change rate of flue gas composition: Receive the flue gas composition concentration data C t (unit: milligrams per cubic meter) from the gas composition sensor, and determine the change rate R of the flue gas composition by calculating the concentration change between two adjacent time points. The formula is: where C t is the flue gas composition concentration at the current time point t, and C t-1 is the flue gas composition concentration at the previous time point t - 1; Δt is the time interval, unit: second. Through the calculation of this rate R, the data analysis unit can identify the change situation of the flue gas composition concentration of each module and judge whether it is necessary to adjust the operating parameters of the corresponding module;

[0089] Calculation of temperature fluctuation: Receive the flue gas temperature data T t (unit: degree Celsius) from the temperature sensor, and calculate the temperature fluctuation rate W. The formula is: W = T t - T avg , where T t is the flue gas temperature at the current time point, and T avg is the average temperature within a period of time. If the temperature fluctuation amount W exceeds the preset range, the data analysis unit will generate an adjustment signal to adjust the heating or cooling equipment to ensure that the temperature of each module reaction is maintained within the optimal range;

[0090] Calculation of flow velocity fluctuation rate: Receive the flue gas flow velocity data V t (unit: meters per second) from the flow velocity sensor, and calculate the flow velocity fluctuation rate F. The formula is: where V t is the flue gas flow velocity at the current time point, and V avg is the average flow velocity within a period of time. If the flow velocity fluctuation rate F exceeds the set range, the data analysis unit will send an adjustment signal to adjust the flow velocity control devices of each module to ensure the stability of flue gas flow;

[0091] Real-time determination of the optimal operating parameters: Based on the calculated rate of change R, temperature volatility W, and flow rate volatility F, the calculation results are compared with the target parameters of each module. When the rate of change exceeds the target range, an instruction will be sent to the feedback control unit to adjust the parameters of each module in real time. For example, adjust the lye spraying rate in the acid gas neutralization module, adjust the temperature of the deep oxidation module, or adjust the flow rate of the flow rate control device to ensure that each module is in the best reaction conditions and achieve the effect of efficient purification. Through the above steps, real-time monitoring and optimization adjustment of key parameters such as flue gas composition, temperature, and flow rate are achieved, providing the optimal operating parameters for each module, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the system under complex working conditions, and thus improving the overall purification effect and system stability.

[0092] This invention covers any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To enable the public to have a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of this invention. However, those skilled in the art can fully understand this invention without the description of these details. Additionally, to avoid unnecessary confusion to the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0093] The above are only the preferred embodiments of this invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of this invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge incineration, characterized in that: It includes pretreatment module, dynamic ion separation module, acid gas neutralization module, heavy metal adsorption module, acid-gold interaction purification module, deep oxidation module and intelligent control module; among which: Pretreatment module: It is set at the inlet of the system to receive the initial flue gas flow and intercept particulate matter through multi-stage filtration layers to provide a stable flue gas flow for the dynamic ion separation module; Dynamic ion separation module: It is set at the downstream of the pretreatment module. It is used to perform preliminary separation of heavy metal ions and form a stratified flow based on the flue gas flow provided by the pretreatment module, and provide separation data of acid gas and heavy metals for subsequent modules; The dynamic ion separation module includes a dynamic balance ion screen unit and an electric field control unit; wherein: Dynamically balanced ion screen unit: includes a multi-stage ion screen and a separation channel structure. The multi-stage ion screen adopts different screening apertures and is arranged at each layer of the flue gas flow channel. Most of the heavy metal ions are effectively intercepted and concentrated through the multi-stage screening structure to form a relatively pure acid gas flow and a layered flow rich in heavy metal ions; the separation channel structure is connected to the multi-stage ion screen to output the separated acid gas flow and heavy metal flow according to different flow channels; Electric field regulation unit: comprising parallel electrode plates and electric field control subunits, wherein the parallel electrode plates are arranged on both sides of the separation channel, and are used to generate a constant electric field when the flue gas flows through, and to apply an electric field force to the heavy metal ions in the flue gas, so that they are deflected in a predetermined direction, thereby realizing the spatial separation of the acid gas and the heavy metal flow; the electric field control subunit is connected to the parallel electrode plates, and is used to adjust the intensity and direction of the electric field to adapt to the changes in the heavy metal concentration in different flue gas components, and ensure that the heavy metal ions are efficiently deflected and separated with the assistance of the ion screen, thereby generating a stratified flow rich in heavy metals; The electric field control subunit specifically includes: Heavy metal concentration detection: Before the flue gas flows into the dynamic ion separation module, the heavy metal concentration in the flue gas is detected in real time using a sensor to determine the mass concentration C of heavy metal ions in the flue gas flow; Calculate the electric field strength: According to the detected heavy metal ion concentration C and the separation distance D of the ion screen, calculate the required electric field strength E to offset the heavy metal ions. The calculation formula is: Where F represents the force exerted on the heavy metal ion in the electric field, in Newtons; Q represents the charge of the heavy metal ion, in Coulombs; in order to effectively deflect the heavy metal ion by a distance D, the required force F is determined according to the acceleration A and mass M of the heavy metal ion, and the calculation formula is: Wherein, A is the acceleration of heavy metal ions, in meters per second squared; T is the set separation time, in seconds; D is the offset distance of the ion screen, in meters; Adjust the direction of the electric field: After determining the electric field strength E, the electric field control subunit adjusts the direction of the electric field according to the flow direction of the heavy metal ions and the spatial position of the ion screen to guide the heavy metal ions to deviate to the predetermined flow channel; the deviation angle of the electric field direction is calculated according to the longitudinal velocity and transverse velocity of the heavy metal ions, and the formula is: Where θ represents the deviation angle of the electric field direction, in degrees; V y is the longitudinal velocity component of the heavy metal ion, in meters per second; V x is the lateral velocity component of the heavy metal ions, in meters per second; arctan represents the inverse tangent function; by controlling the value of θ, the heavy metal ions enter the separation channel specified by the ion screen; Acid gas neutralization module: connected to the downstream of the dynamic ion separation module, used to adjust the neutralization reaction conditions according to the acid gas flow data provided by the dynamic ion separation module to stabilize the emission of acid gas; Heavy metal adsorption module: It is arranged downstream of the acid gas neutralization module, and is used to accurately adsorb heavy metal ions according to the heavy metal separation information provided by the dynamic ion separation module, and output a heavy metal-free flue gas flow; Acid-metal interactive purification module: connected to the output ends of the acid gas neutralization module and the heavy metal adsorption module, used to treat the complex pollutants interactively generated after the separation of heavy metals and acid gases, forming a purified flue gas flow without complex pollution; Deep oxidation module: located downstream of the acid-gold interactive purification module, it is used to receive the purified flue gas flow from the acid-gold interactive purification module and decompose the residual organic toxic pollutants to ensure that the flue gas meets the emission standards; Intelligent control module: connected with each processing module, used to receive and monitor the operating data of each module in real time, and automatically adjust the module operating parameters according to the flue gas composition and flow conditions to ensure efficient purification of the system under different working conditions.

2. The high-efficiency purification system for sludge incineration flue gas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pre-treatment module includes a particle capture unit and a fluid regulation unit; wherein: The particle collection unit includes a cyclone separator and a coarse filter. The cyclone separator is arranged at the inlet end and uses the centrifugal separation principle to collect large particles in the initial flue gas flow. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation throws the high-density large particles toward the inner wall of the separator and then settles them in the collection area. The coarse filter is arranged downstream of the cyclone separator and includes multiple layers of gradually dense filters for filtering the remaining smaller particles. The aperture of each layer of the filter decreases layer by layer, and fine particles are intercepted by physical screening. Fluid regulating unit: includes an airflow equalizer and a flow rate control device. The airflow equalizer is located downstream of the coarse filtration device and adopts a porous plate structure. When the flue gas after particulate matter is removed flows through the porous plate, the uneven airflow is dispersed into multiple small airflow channels to achieve uniform airflow. The flow rate control device is connected to the output end of the airflow equalizer and automatically controls the flow rate of the flue gas passing through the porous plate based on system requirements through an adjustable throttle valve or a wind speed regulating motor.

3. The efficient purification system for sludge incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acid gas neutralization module includes an alkali solution spray tower and a multiphase stirring device; wherein: Alkali liquid spray tower: It includes an alkali liquid delivery unit and a multi-layer spray structure. The alkali liquid delivery unit is used to receive the alkali liquid and deliver it to the top of the spray tower. The multi-layer spray structure is composed of multiple spray ports. The spray ports of each layer are arranged at different angles and flow rates to ensure that the alkali liquid is evenly distributed in the spray tower to cover the flow path of the acid gas, thereby neutralizing the acid components in the acid gas. The multiphase stirring device comprises a mechanical stirring unit and a gas-liquid mixing channel. The mechanical stirring unit is installed at the bottom of the alkali solution spray tower and is used to fully stir the acid-base mixed liquid after the reaction in the spray tower. The gas-liquid mixing channel is connected to the mechanical stirring unit and is used to accelerate the gas-liquid contact reaction between the acid gas and the alkali solution and improve the neutralization efficiency.

4. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heavy metal adsorption module includes a nano adsorption unit and an ion exchange unit; wherein: Nano adsorption unit: comprising a porous alumina nano material layer and an adsorption channel structure, wherein the porous alumina nano material layer has a nano structure with an average pore size of 2-10 nanometers and is used to adsorb heavy metal ions, including lead, cadmium and mercury; the thickness of the porous alumina nano material layer is set to 2-5 mm to ensure efficient adsorption when the concentration of heavy metal ions is 10-50 mg / m3; the adsorption channel structure is arranged below the porous alumina nano material layer to guide the flue gas flow through the nano material layer so that the heavy metal ions are efficiently captured when in contact with the adsorption layer; Ion exchange unit: arranged downstream of the nano adsorption unit, including a resin ion exchange layer and a regeneration control device; the resin ion exchange layer uses a cation exchange resin with a particle size of 1-2 mm, which has exchange reactivity with residual lead, cadmium and mercury ions in the flue gas to reduce the heavy metal content in the flue gas; the regeneration control device is arranged beside the ion exchange resin layer, and is used to regularly regenerate the resin layer according to the system operation time and the adsorption saturation state to restore the resin exchange capacity.

5. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The acid-gold interactive purification module includes an oxidation reaction unit and a multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit; wherein: Oxidation reaction unit: comprising an ozone generator and a reaction chamber, wherein the ozone generator is used to electrolyze oxygen to generate ozone O3, and introduce it into the reaction chamber to perform an oxidation reaction with the composite pollutants; the oxidation reaction unit also includes automatically adjusting the ozone flow rate according to the residual pollutant concentration after the separation of heavy metals and acidic gases, ensuring that the ozone concentration is maintained at 10-20ppm, so as to oxidize the residual acidic gases and heavy metal oxides and make them inactive; Multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit: located downstream of the oxidation reaction unit, including three-layer catalytic decomposition beds and a decomposition reaction controller; the three-layer catalytic decomposition bed adopts a porous catalyst coating containing titanium and vanadium as main components, each layer is 3-5 mm thick, and can decompose the oxidized complex pollutants into stable harmless substances; the decomposition reaction controller is connected to each catalytic bed, and is used to adjust the flue gas flow rate and reaction temperature according to the output of the oxidation reaction unit. The reaction temperature is specifically controlled at 200-250°C to optimize the decomposition efficiency.

6. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The deep oxidation module includes a high temperature catalytic unit and an ultraviolet oxidation unit; wherein: High temperature catalytic unit: comprising a porous ceramic carrier and a catalyst coating, wherein the porous ceramic carrier is arranged at the inlet end of the deep oxidation module and has a honeycomb structure, and is used to increase the contact area between the flue gas and the catalyst; the catalyst coating comprises a catalyst material with precious metals platinum and palladium as main components, and is used to be evenly coated on the surface of the porous ceramic carrier; the high temperature catalytic unit heats the flue gas to 300-350°C, at which temperature the residual organic toxic pollutants such as dioxins and furans are activated by the catalyst, and an oxidative decomposition reaction will occur, decomposing the organic toxic substances into carbon dioxide and water, so as to reduce the toxicity of the flue gas; Ultraviolet oxidation unit: arranged downstream of the high-temperature catalytic unit, including an ultraviolet lamp and a reaction chamber; the ultraviolet lamp adopts an ultraviolet light source with a wavelength of 254 nanometers, is installed in the reaction chamber, and is used to irradiate the treated flue gas with ultraviolet light; the ultraviolet light irradiation in the reaction chamber can cause the residual trace organic toxic pollutant molecules to undergo photochemical reactions, thereby converting the undecomposed organic molecules into non-toxic small molecules; ensuring the complete decomposition of all organic toxic substances and reducing the harmful components remaining in the flue gas to a concentration below the environmental protection emission standards.

7. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent control module includes a data acquisition unit, a data analysis unit and a feedback control unit; wherein: Data acquisition unit: equipped with various types of sensors, including gas composition sensors, temperature sensors and flow rate sensors; installed in the pretreatment module, dynamic ion separation module, acid gas neutralization module, heavy metal adsorption module, acid-gold interactive purification module and deep oxidation module respectively; the gas composition sensor is used to detect various pollutants in the flue gas, including the real-time concentration of acid gas, heavy metal ions and organic toxic substances; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the flue gas temperature; the flow rate sensor is used to monitor the flue gas flow rate; Data analysis unit: used to compare and analyze the operating data of each module with the set target parameters, and determine the optimal operating parameters of each module in real time by calculating the change rate of flue gas components, temperature and flow rate fluctuations; Feedback control unit: includes a controller and an actuator. The controller is used to send adjustment signals to the actuators of each module according to the analysis results of the data analysis unit; the actuator is connected to the adjustment devices of each module to automatically adjust the operating parameters of each module to ensure that the system can efficiently remove pollutants under different flue gas components and flow conditions.

8. The efficient purification system for flue gas from sludge burning according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The data analysis unit specifically includes: Smoke component change rate calculation: Receive smoke component concentration data C from the gas component sensor t And by calculating the concentration change at two adjacent time points, the change rate R of the smoke components is determined. The formula is: Among them, C t is the smoke component concentration at the current time point t, C t-1 is the smoke component concentration at the previous time point t-1; Δt is the time interval in seconds Temperature fluctuation calculation: Receive flue gas temperature data T from the temperature sensor t , and calculate the temperature fluctuation rate W, the formula is: W = T t -T avg , where T t is the flue gas temperature at the current time point, T avg is the average temperature over a period of time; Flow rate fluctuation rate calculation: Receive flue gas flow rate data V from the flow rate sensor t , and calculate the velocity fluctuation rate F, the formula is: Among them, V t is the flue gas velocity at the current time point, V avg is the average flow rate over a period of time; Determine the optimal operating parameters in real time: Based on the calculated change rate R, temperature fluctuation rate W and flow rate fluctuation rate F, the calculated results are compared with the target parameters of each module. When the change rate exceeds the target range, instructions will be sent to the feedback control unit to adjust the parameters of each module in real time.

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