Ultrasonic decontamination device and decontamination method for high-temperature gas cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system

Abstract

The invention relates to an ultrasonic decontamination device and decontamination method for a high-temperature gas cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system. The decontamination device comprises an ultrasonic generator and at least one energy conversion assembly, the energy conversion assembly can be mounted on the pipeline, is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator, is used for converting an electric signal generated by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration, and comprises a transducer and an ultrasonic application device; the transducer is electrically connected to one end of the ultrasonic generator and one end of the ultrasonic application device and is used for converting an electric signal generated by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration; the ultrasonic applicator can be installed on the pipeline to transmit mechanical vibration generated by the transducer to the pipeline, and comprises an upper clamping body and a lower clamping body; a containing channel for containing a pipeline is formed between the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body, and the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body are detachably connected in a distance adjustable mode. The ultrasonic decontamination device can effectively remove graphite dust on the inner wall of the pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power reactor equipment, and in particular to an ultrasonic decontamination device and a decontamination method for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system. Background Art

[0002] The spherical fuel loading and unloading system of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is a general term for the equipment used for loading and unloading, transporting, and storing new fuel balls, recycled fuel balls, and graphite elements in the core of a pebble-bed type high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. Graphite dust is generated during the operation of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, causing the graphite dust to be deposited on the inner wall of the pipeline during the transportation of the fuel of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. The deposited graphite dust after long-term operation will affect the normal transportation of the medium and increase the transportation resistance. Therefore, the deposited graphite dust needs to be cleaned regularly. At present, the commonly used cleaning method is to open the pipeline and use vacuum equipment to extract the graphite powder. This method is prone to medium leakage (such as radiation leakage), endangering the personal safety of the staff, and requires shutdown during cleaning, affecting the normal operation of the reactor. The above problems need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention discloses an ultrasonic decontamination device and a decontamination method for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system, aiming to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides an ultrasonic decontamination device for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system, comprising an ultrasonic generator and at least one energy conversion component; the energy conversion component can be installed on a pipeline and is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator, and is used to convert the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration, and the energy conversion component comprises a transducer and an ultrasonic applicator; the transducer is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator and one end of the ultrasonic applicator, and is used to convert the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration; the ultrasonic applicator can be installed on the pipeline to transmit the mechanical vibration generated by the transducer to the pipeline, and comprises an upper clamp body and a lower clamp body; an accommodating channel for accommodating the pipeline is formed between the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body, and the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body are detachably connected with an adjustable distance.

[0006] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the direction of mechanical vibration is perpendicular to the axial direction of the pipeline.

[0007] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body are connected by bolts so that the relative distance between them can be adjusted.

[0008] The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the transducer and the ultrasonic generator and is used to adjust the output power and frequency of the ultrasonic generator according to the voltage and current values ​​of the transducer.

[0009] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, a first upper recess is provided on a side of the upper clamp body opposite to the lower clamp body; a first lower recess is provided on a side of the lower clamp body opposite to the upper clamp body; and the accommodating channel is formed between the first upper recess and the first lower recess.

[0010] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, a second upper recess and a third upper recess are further provided on the upper clamp body; the second upper recess and the third upper recess are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first upper recess, and are connected with the first upper recess; and / or, a second lower recess and a third lower recess are further provided on the lower clamp body; the second lower recess and the third lower recess are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first lower recess, and are connected with the first lower recess.

[0011] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, through holes are provided on the upper clamping body and the lower clamping body.

[0012] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, two transducers are included; the two transducers are symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the ultrasonic applicator, and the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body have the same structure.

[0013] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the transducer includes an ultrasonic transducer and a horn; one side of the ultrasonic transducer is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator, and the other side is fixedly connected to one end of the horn; the other end of the horn is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic applicator.

[0014] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the horn is made of a high temperature resistant material.

[0015] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the ultrasonic transducer includes a shell, a front cover, a piezoelectric ceramic and a rear cover; the shell has a accommodating space running through both sides, and a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet connected to the accommodating space; the front cover, the piezoelectric ceramic and the rear cover are located in the accommodating space, the piezoelectric ceramic is clamped between the front cover and the rear cover, and is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator; the rear cover is fixedly connected to the amplitude transformer.

[0016] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the ultrasonic transducer further comprises an impedance network, and the impedance network is used to improve energy conversion efficiency and reduce reflection loss.

[0017] The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention comprises a plurality of cooling medium outlets; the plurality of cooling medium outlets are respectively arranged on both sides of the shell along the extension direction of the accommodating space.

[0018] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the amplitude transformer includes a connecting portion located in the accommodating space and an extending portion located outside the accommodating space; the connecting portion includes a first cylindrical portion, a second cylindrical portion, a third cylindrical portion, a fourth cylindrical portion and a fifth cylindrical portion connected end to end; the diameters of the first cylindrical portion, the second cylindrical portion and the third cylindrical portion increase according to the principle of increasing diameters; the diameters of the third cylindrical portion, the fourth cylindrical portion and the fifth cylindrical portion decrease according to the principle of decreasing diameters; the fifth cylindrical portion has the same diameter as the extending portion.

[0019] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion are connected by a first transition portion; the first transition portion is a truncated cone structure, one side of which has the same diameter as the first cylindrical portion, and the other side of which has the same diameter as the second cylindrical portion.

[0020] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the fourth cylindrical portion and the fifth cylindrical portion are connected by a second transition portion; the second transition portion is a truncated cone structure, and one side has the same diameter as the fourth cylindrical portion, and the other side has the same diameter as the fifth cylindrical portion, and the conical side surface of the second transition portion is a concave arc surface.

[0021] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the extending portion is provided with at least one through hole.

[0022] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the first cylindrical portion and the fifth cylindrical portion have the same diameter; and / or the second cylindrical portion and the fourth cylindrical portion have the same diameter.

[0023] The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention also includes an acoustic activity sensor; the acoustic activity sensor is installed on the ultrasonic applicator to detect the vibration state of the pipeline; the ultrasonic generator is an ultrasonic generator with adjustable frequency and power.

[0024] In the ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention, the acoustic activity sensor includes an acceleration vibration sensor and a displacement sensor.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a decontamination method using the above-mentioned decontamination device, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Install the ultrasonic applicator to the pipe that needs to be decontaminated;

[0027] Connect the ultrasonic generator and the transducer;

[0028] Starting the ultrasonic generator;

[0029] Adjusting the parameters of the ultrasonic generator according to the measurement values ​​of the acoustic activity sensor, the parameters including frequency and power;

[0030] After decontamination is complete, dismantle the equipment.

[0031] The technical solution adopted by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention mainly provides an ultrasonic decontamination device for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system. The ultrasonic applicator can be clamped on a pipeline to be decontaminated and can be detachably connected to the pipeline, so that it is easy to disassemble and move. The ultrasonic generator drives the ultrasonic applicator to vibrate through a transducer, thereby driving the pipeline to be decontaminated to vibrate, so that graphite powder can be prevented from being deposited on the inner wall of the pipeline. The graphite powder deposited on the inner wall of the pipeline can also be broken up based on the vibration effect, so that it can be moved with the transportation of the material, thereby avoiding deposition on the inner wall of the pipeline. The present invention does not need to disassemble the pipeline, so that the safety of the staff can be effectively guaranteed, and the normal operation of the reactor can be guaranteed. Compared with the vacuum suction method, the decontamination effect is better and safer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments, which constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy conversion component of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the ultrasonic transducer of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 The second schematic diagram of the structure of the ultrasonic transducer of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cooling channel of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the upper clamping body and the lower clamping body of the present invention in a connected state.

[0040] Description of reference numerals:

[0041] 1. Ultrasonic generator; 2. Energy conversion component; 21. Transducer; 211. Ultrasonic transducer; 2111. Shell; 21111. Accommodating space; 21112. Cooling medium inlet; 21113. Cooling medium outlet; 2112. Front cover; 2113. Piezoelectric ceramic; 2114. Rear cover; 212. Amplifier; 2121. Connecting part; 21211. First cylindrical part; 21212. First transition part; 21213. Second cylindrical part; 21 214. The third cylindrical portion; 21215. The fourth cylindrical portion; 21216. The second transition portion; 21217. The fifth cylindrical portion; 2122. The extension portion; 21221. The through hole; 22. The ultrasonic applicator; 221. The upper clamp body; 2211. The first upper notch; 2212. The second upper notch; 2213. The third upper notch; 222. The lower clamp body; 2221. The first lower notch; 2222. The second lower notch; 2223. The third lower notch; 3. The acoustic activity sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the term "or" is usually used in the sense of including "and / or", unless the content clearly indicates otherwise.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or a magnetic connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0044] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide an ultrasonic decontamination device and a working method for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] This embodiment provides an ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system. Figure 1 As shown, it includes an ultrasonic generator 1 and at least one energy conversion component 2; the energy conversion component 2 can be installed on the pipeline A to be decontaminated and is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator 1, and is used to convert the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic generator 1 into mechanical vibration, and the energy conversion component 2 includes a transducer 21 and an ultrasonic applicator 22; the transducer 21 is electrically connected to one end of the ultrasonic generator 1 and the ultrasonic applicator 22, and is used to convert the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic generator 1 into mechanical vibration; the ultrasonic applicator 22 can be installed on the pipeline to transmit the mechanical vibration generated by the transducer 21 to the pipeline A to be decontaminated, and includes an upper clamp body 221 and a lower clamp body 222; an accommodating channel for accommodating the pipeline A to be decontaminated is formed between the upper clamp body 221 and the lower clamp body 222, and the upper clamp body 221 and the lower clamp body 222 are detachably connected with an adjustable distance.

[0048] The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system of the present invention is based on an ultrasonic applicator 22 that can be clamped on a pipe to be decontaminated and can be detachably connected to the pipe, thereby facilitating disassembly, assembly and movement; an ultrasonic generator 1 drives the ultrasonic applicator 22 to vibrate through a transducer 21, thereby driving the pipe to be decontaminated to vibrate, thereby preventing graphite powder from being deposited on the inner wall of the pipe, and based on the vibration effect, the graphite powder deposited on the inner wall of the pipe can be broken up, thereby being able to move with the transportation of the material, thereby preventing deposition on the inner wall of the pipe; the present invention does not require disassembly of the pipe, thereby effectively ensuring the safety of the staff and ensuring the normal operation of the reactor, and compared with the vacuum suction method, the decontamination effect is better.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, the transducer 21 drives the ultrasonic applicator 22 to mechanically vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the pipeline.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments, the upper clamp body 221 and the lower clamp body 222 are connected by bolts so that the relative distance can be adjusted; preferably, both sides of the upper clamp body 221 and the lower clamp body 222 are connected by bolts.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, a controller is further included. The controller is electrically connected to the transducer 21 and the ultrasonic generator 1 and is used to adjust the output power and frequency of the ultrasonic generator 1 according to the voltage and current values ​​of the transducer 21 .

[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the ultrasonic generator 1 is an intelligent numerically controlled ultrasonic generator capable of adjusting the frequency, power and action time of the ultrasonic wave to adapt to different decontamination environments and requirements; specifically, the ultrasonic generator 1 operates within a frequency range of 30kHz to 60kHz and has an adjustable power of 100W to 1000W.

[0053] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the upper clamp body 221 has a first upper recess 2211 on one side opposite to the lower clamp body 222; the lower clamp body 222 has a first lower recess 2221 on one side opposite to the upper clamp body 221; a receiving channel is formed between the first upper recess 2211 and the first lower recess 2221; preferably, the first lower recess 2221 and the first lower recess 2221 are both arc-shaped recesses, which are adapted to the shape of the pipe to be decontaminated.

[0054] In some preferred embodiments, the upper clamp body 221 or the lower clamp body 222 is threadedly connected to the transducer 21 , such as an external thread is provided at the end of the transducer 21 , and a matching threaded hole is provided on the upper clamp body 221 or the lower clamp body 222 .

[0055] In some preferred embodiments, the upper clamp body 221 is further provided with a second upper notch 2212 and a third upper notch 2213; the second upper notch 2212 and the third upper notch 2213 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first upper notch 2211 and are connected with the first upper notch 2211; and / or, the lower clamp body 222 is further provided with a second lower notch 2222 and a third lower notch 2222; the second lower notch 2222 and the third lower notch 2222 are symmetrical with respect to the first lower notch 2221. Setting, and connected with the first lower recess 2221; based on the setting of the second upper recess 2212 and the third upper recess 2213, the second lower recess 2222 and the third lower recess 2222, stress release can be performed to improve the service life, and based on the setting of being connected with the first upper recess 2211 or the first lower recess 2221, a convex portion is formed at the connection point, and then when clamping the sewage pipe A to be cleaned, the convex portion and the sewage pipe A to be cleaned can be contacted and clamped, thereby improving the adaptability to different pipe diameters.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments, through holes are provided on the upper clamping body 221 and the lower clamping body 222 to improve the heat dissipation performance of the upper clamping body 221 and the lower clamping body 222 .

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 6As shown, the upper clamp body 221 and the lower clamp body 222 are positioned by the guide rod 223 and the guide hole 224, and the extension direction of the guide rod 223 and the guide hole 224 is in the same direction as the extension direction of the amplitude rod 212. Preferably, the guide rod 223 and the guide hole 224 are clearance-matched; based on this, on the one hand, it is convenient to install and position the upper clamp body 221 and the lower clamp body 222, and on the other hand, when two transducers 21 are set, the mutual influence between the two transducers 21 is reduced. Specifically, the upper clamp body 221 and the lower clamp body 222 are screwed together, and the position of the screw connection is on the guide rod 223, and the axial direction of the bolt is in the same direction as the guide rod 223; further preferably, there is an elastic pad 225 between the nut of the bolt and the surface of the upper clamp body 221 or the lower clamp body 222, thereby further reducing the mutual influence between the two transducers 21 when the two transducers 21 are set.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, it includes two transducers 21; the two transducers 21 are symmetrically arranged on the opposite sides of the ultrasonic applicator 22, such as mirror images of each other with respect to the pipe A to be decontaminated, and the upper clamp body 221 and the lower clamp body 222 have the same structure; based on the arrangement of multiple transducers 21, the effect on the pipe A to be decontaminated, such as the vibration frequency, can be improved, and the two transducers 21 can produce a synergistic effect to increase the vibration amplitude of the pipe A to be decontaminated, thereby improving the decontamination effect.

[0059] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the transducer 21 includes an ultrasonic transducer 211 and a horn 212 ; one side of the ultrasonic transducer 211 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator 1 , and the other side is fixedly connected to one end of the horn 212 ; the other end of the horn 212 is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic applicator 22 .

[0060] Preferably, the amplitude transformer 212 is made of a high temperature resistant material, such as stainless steel or ceramic, so as to improve the high temperature resistance of the device and increase the service life.

[0061] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 3As shown, the ultrasonic transducer 211 includes a shell 2111, a front cover 2112, a piezoelectric ceramic 2113 and a rear cover 2114; the shell 2111 has a accommodating space 21111 running through both sides, and a cooling medium inlet 21112 and a cooling medium outlet 21113 connected to the accommodating space 21111; the front cover 2112, the piezoelectric ceramic 2113 and the rear cover 2114 are located in the accommodating space 21111, the piezoelectric ceramic 2113 is sandwiched between the front cover 2112 and the rear cover 2114, and is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator 1; the rear cover 2114 is fixedly connected to the horn 212; based on the cooling medium inlet 21112 and the cooling medium outlet 21113 provided on the shell 2111, it can be connected to an external cooling system to cool the piezoelectric ceramic 2113, so as to avoid the piezoelectric ceramic 2113 being overly hot and affecting its service life, thereby maintaining the long-term efficient and stable operation of the equipment.

[0062] Preferably, if Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the cooling medium inlet 21112 and the cooling medium outlet 21113 are connected through a spiral cooling channel 21114. Further preferably, the cooling medium inlet 21112 and the cooling medium outlet are located on the same side of the housing 2111, and include a spiral descending section 211141 and a spiral ascending section 211142, and the spiral descending section and the spiral ascending section are arranged in close contact to improve the uniformity of cooling and avoid structural damage caused by inconsistent thermal expansion due to uneven temperature difference between the piezoelectric ceramic 2113 and the cooling channel 21114.

[0063] Preferably, the front cover body 2112 includes two coaxially arranged cylinders, the end adjacent to the piezoelectric ceramic 2113 has a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 11 mm; the other end has a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 8.5 mm; the piezoelectric ceramic 2113 has a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 26 mm; the rear cover body 2114 includes four coaxially arranged cylinders, from one side adjacent to the piezoelectric ceramic 2113 to the other side, the diameter and length of each section are respectively: diameter 60 mm, length 8 mm; diameter 63 mm, length 3.5 mm; diameter 60 mm, length 2 mm; diameter 30 mm, length 60.3 mm; based on this, the loss is minimal during frequency transmission.

[0064] Preferably, it includes multiple cooling medium outlets 21113; the multiple cooling medium outlets 21113 are respectively arranged on both sides of the shell 2111 along the extension direction of the accommodating space 21111; based on the setting of multiple cooling medium outlets 21113, it is beneficial to the sufficient flow of cooling gas, thereby comprehensively cooling the piezoelectric ceramic 2113 and making the cooling more uniform; further preferably, the multiple cooling medium outlets 21113 are evenly distributed at both ends of the shell 2111.

[0065] In some preferred embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer 211 further includes an impedance network, which is used to improve energy conversion efficiency and reduce reflection loss.

[0066] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the amplitude transformer 212 includes a connecting portion 2121 located in the accommodating space 21111 and an extending portion 2122 located outside the accommodating space 21111; the connecting portion 2121 includes a first cylindrical portion 21211, a second cylindrical portion 21213, a third cylindrical portion 21214, a fourth cylindrical portion 21215 and a fifth cylindrical portion 21217 connected end to end; the diameters of the first cylindrical portion 21211, the second cylindrical portion 21213 and the third cylindrical portion 21214 are increased; the diameters of the third cylindrical portion 21214, the fourth cylindrical portion 21215 and the fifth cylindrical portion 21217 are reduced; the fifth cylindrical portion 21217 has the same diameter as the extending portion 2122; based on this arrangement, the frequency transmission efficiency is higher.

[0067] Preferably, the diameter of the first cylindrical portion 21211 is 38 mm and the length is 28 mm; the diameter of the second cylindrical portion 21213 is 57 mm and the length is 45.5 mm; the diameter of the third cylindrical portion 21214 is 62 mm and the length is 3.5 mm; the diameter of the fourth cylindrical portion 21215 is 57 mm and the length is 4 mm; the diameter of the fifth cylindrical portion is 38 mm and the length is 62.5 mm; under this setting, when a longitudinal vibration of 20.13 kHz is input to it, the longitudinal vibration frequency of the amplitude transformer 212 is 19.98 kHz, and the error is only 0.1%.

[0068] In some preferred embodiments, the first cylindrical portion 21211 and the second cylindrical portion 21213 are connected by a first transition portion 21212; the first transition portion 21212 is a frustoconical structure, one side of which has the same diameter as the first cylindrical portion 21211 and the other side of which has the same diameter as the second cylindrical portion 21213.

[0069] In some preferred embodiments, the fourth cylindrical portion 21215 and the fifth cylindrical portion 21217 are connected by a second transition portion 21216; the second transition portion 21216 is a frustoconical structure, and one side has the same diameter as the fourth cylindrical portion 21215, and the other side has the same diameter as the fifth cylindrical portion 21217, and the conical side surface of the second transition portion 21216 is a concave arc surface.

[0070] In some preferred embodiments, the extension portion 2122 has at least one through hole 21221 ; the heat dissipation effect of the amplitude transformer 212 is improved based on the provision of the through hole 21221 , and the through hole 21221 can be connected to an external water cooling system to further improve the cooling effect.

[0071] In some preferred embodiments, the first cylindrical portion 21211 and the fifth cylindrical portion 21217 have the same diameter; and / or, the second cylindrical portion 21213 and the fourth cylindrical portion 21215 have the same diameter.

[0072] In some preferred embodiments, an acoustic activity sensor 3 is also included; the acoustic activity sensor 3 is installed on the ultrasonic applicator 22, and is used to detect the vibration state of the pipeline; the ultrasonic generator 1 is an ultrasonic generator 1 with adjustable frequency and power; based on the setting of the acoustic activity sensor 3, the cleaning condition of pipeline dirt can be monitored, and the power and frequency output by the ultrasonic generator 1 can be adjusted to ensure the decontamination effect while avoiding damage to the pipeline.

[0073] Preferably, the acoustic activity sensor 3 includes an acceleration vibration sensor and a displacement sensor.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] This embodiment provides a decontamination method for the decontamination device in the above embodiment 1, which comprises the following steps:

[0076] Install the ultrasonic applicator 22 on the pipe that needs to be decontaminated; specifically, set the number of ultrasonic applicators 22 and the position of the ultrasonic generator 1 according to the position and number of the pipes that need to be decontaminated, so as to facilitate the decontamination operation;

[0077] Connect the ultrasonic generator 1 and the transducer 21; start the ultrasonic generator 1; debug the ultrasonic generator 1 after starting it to ensure that the machine operates normally; preferably, set the frequency, power and action time of the ultrasonic generator 1 output according to the material, wall thickness, type and deposition degree of the pipeline A to be decontaminated.

[0078] Adjust the parameters of the ultrasonic generator 1 according to the measured values ​​of the acoustic activity sensor 3, including the frequency and power, to ensure that the amplitude is between 1 and 10 um;

[0079] After decontamination is complete, dismantle the equipment.

[0080] The working method of the ultrasonic decontamination device of the present invention is based on the decontamination device in Example 1, which can effectively remove graphite dust in the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system, improve the decontamination efficiency, and ensure the safety and environmental protection of the operation. In addition, the device has a high degree of automation and is easy to operate, and is suitable for regular maintenance and emergency decontamination needs of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system; the frequency and power of the ultrasonic generator 1 are adjusted based on the measurement value of the acoustic activity sensor 3, which can ensure the decontamination effect while avoiding damage to the pipeline.

[0081] In some preferred embodiments, a post-decontamination treatment step is further included: after the decontamination is completed, the ultrasonic generator 1 is turned off and the ultrasonic decontamination device is removed. The pipeline is subjected to necessary inspections, such as using a gamma dose rate meter to inspect the radiation level of the pipeline to ensure that the decontamination effect is satisfactory, and the pipeline is subjected to necessary cleaning and maintenance, such as cleaning the contact position between the ultrasonic applicator 22 and the pipeline.

[0082] In some preferred embodiments, the equipment maintenance and servicing step is also included: regularly perform maintenance and servicing on the ultrasonic decontamination device to ensure that all components are kept in good working condition. Check the sensitivity and accuracy of the acoustic activity sensor 3 and calibrate or replace it if necessary.

[0083] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system, characterized in that: comprising an ultrasonic generator and at least one energy conversion component; The energy conversion component can be installed on the pipeline and electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator, and is used to convert the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration. The energy conversion component includes a transducer and an ultrasonic applicator; The transducer is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator and one end of the ultrasonic applicator, and is used to convert the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical vibration; The ultrasonic applicator can be mounted on the pipeline to transmit the mechanical vibration generated by the transducer to the pipeline, and includes an upper clamp body and a lower clamp body; An accommodating channel for accommodating the pipeline is formed between the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body, and the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body are detachably connected with an adjustable distance.

2. The ultrasonic decontamination device for high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper clamp body has a first upper notch on one side opposite to the lower clamp body; the lower clamp body has a first lower notch on one side opposite to the upper clamp body; the accommodating channel is formed between the first upper notch and the first lower notch.

3. The ultrasonic decontamination device for high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper clamp body is also provided with a second upper notch and a third upper notch; The second upper notch and the third upper notch are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first upper notch and are connected with the first upper notch; and / or, The lower clamp body is also provided with a second lower notch and a third lower notch; The second lower notch and the third lower notch are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first lower notch and are communicated with the first lower notch.

4. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises two transducers; the two transducers are symmetrically arranged on two opposite sides of the ultrasonic applicator, and the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body have the same structure.

5. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transducer includes an ultrasonic transducer and a horn; One side of the ultrasonic transducer is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator, and the other side is fixedly connected to one end of the horn; The other end of the horn is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic applicator; the horn is made of high temperature resistant material.

6. The ultrasonic decontamination device for high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ultrasonic transducer comprises a housing, a front cover, piezoelectric ceramics and a rear cover; The shell has an accommodating space penetrating both sides, and a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet communicating with the accommodating space; The front cover, the piezoelectric ceramic and the rear cover are located in the accommodating space, the piezoelectric ceramic is sandwiched between the front cover and the rear cover, and is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator; The rear cover is fixedly connected to the horn.

7. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 6, characterized in that: comprising a plurality of cooling medium outlets; The plurality of cooling medium outlets are respectively arranged on both sides of the shell along an extending direction of the accommodating space.

8. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The horn includes a connecting portion located in the accommodating space and a protruding portion located outside the accommodating space; The connecting portion comprises a first cylindrical portion, a second cylindrical portion, a third cylindrical portion, a fourth cylindrical portion and a fifth cylindrical portion which are connected end to end; The diameters of the first cylindrical portion, the second cylindrical portion and the third cylindrical portion increase according to; The diameters of the third cylindrical portion, the fourth cylindrical portion and the fifth cylindrical portion are reduced accordingly; The fifth cylindrical portion has the same diameter as that of the protruding portion.

9. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion are connected by a first transition portion; The first transition portion is a truncated cone structure, one side of which has the same diameter as the first cylindrical portion, and the other side of which has the same diameter as the second cylindrical portion.

10. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fourth cylindrical portion and the fifth cylindrical portion are connected via a second transition portion; The second transition portion is a truncated cone structure, one side of which has the same diameter as the fourth cylindrical portion, and the other side of which has the same diameter as the fifth cylindrical portion, and the conical side surface of the second transition portion is an inwardly concave arc surface.

11. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The protruding portion has at least one through hole.

12. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first cylindrical portion and the fifth cylindrical portion have the same diameter; and / or, The second cylindrical portion and the fourth cylindrical portion have the same diameter.

13. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included are acoustic activity sensors; The acoustic activity sensor is installed on the ultrasonic applicator to detect the vibration state of the pipeline; the ultrasonic generator is an ultrasonic generator with adjustable frequency and power.

14. The ultrasonic decontamination device for a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel loading and unloading system according to claim 13, characterized in that: The acoustic activity sensor includes an acceleration vibration sensor and a displacement sensor.

15. A decontamination method using the decontamination device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: The steps include: Install the ultrasonic applicator to the pipe that needs to be decontaminated; Connect the ultrasonic generator and the transducer; Starting the ultrasonic generator; Adjusting the parameters of the ultrasonic generator according to the measurement values ​​of the acoustic activity sensor, the parameters including frequency and power; After decontamination is complete, dismantle the equipment.

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