Production method of organic fertilizer made from agricultural waste

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of composting fertilizers, in particular to a production method of organic fertilizers made from agricultural wastes, which is prepared by a windrow composting method, and is characterized in that the composting step comprises the following steps: preparing chopped straw, soil and livestock manure in a ratio of 6:1:2 and mixing them evenly; the suitable ratio of straw to water is 1:3; firstly wetting the straw, detecting the straw-water ratio to be 1:1.6, and spraying a decomposing agent once after spreading the wetted straw in a layer with a thickness of 15-20 cm, wherein the decomposing agent is dissolved in water in a weight ratio of 1:50, and the dosage is 0.3 kg of decomposing agent for 250 kg of straw, until all the straws are piled up, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the pile is detected; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost is detected, and targeted measures are taken according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio detection result; when the composting temperature is too low or the temperature does not meet the standard, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost is also detected first, and then targeted measures are taken according to the detection result to improve the fermentation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of composting, in particular to a method for producing organic fertilizer made from agricultural waste. Background Art

[0002] Organic fertilizer is made by fermenting and composting organic waste such as crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, bran, rice husks, rapeseed cakes, etc. This method can increase nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, improve soil fertility and looseness, and is widely used in rural areas. And by adding microbial agents to organic fertilizers, the decomposition and conversion of organic fertilizers can be promoted; microbial agents can decompose organic waste, reduce odor in fertilizers, and improve the safety and quality of fertilizers.

[0003] One of the simple ways to make organic fertilizer from agricultural waste is composting, which is one of the most commonly used methods. Organic waste such as agricultural and forestry crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, bran, rice husks, rapeseed cakes, etc. are mixed in appropriate proportions, and an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer or livestock and poultry manure is added. They are fermented and decomposed under natural conditions to convert them into organic fertilizers. Heat is generated during the composting process, which can kill harmful microorganisms and pathogens in the fertilizer and improve the safety of organic fertilizers. One of the more common and low-cost methods of composting is to use strip composting, which piles the materials into strips and ventilates them through a forced ventilation system.

[0004] During the fermentation process of organic fertilizer stacking, it will go through the heating period, high temperature period, cooling period and composting period. During this period, the fermentation degree or fermentation effect of organic fertilizer is easily affected by temperature and humidity, for example:

[0005] High temperature weather: High temperature will accelerate the evaporation of water, causing the pile to dry out, affecting the activity of microorganisms and reducing composting efficiency. At the same time, high temperature may also cause the temperature inside the pile to be too high, exceeding the tolerance range of microorganisms, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, or even killing beneficial microorganisms, affecting the quality of composting, and even producing harmful substances.

[0006] Low temperature weather: Low temperature will reduce the activity of microorganisms, slow down the decomposition of compost, and prolong the composting cycle; severe low temperature may even cause the composting process to stagnate and fail to reach the maturity standard;

[0007] Too much rainfall: The air in the environment is relatively humid, which will cause the moisture content of the pile to be too high, resulting in anaerobic fermentation, producing odor and harmful gases, reducing the quality of the compost, and even causing environmental pollution; water accumulation will also affect the ventilation of the pile, further inhibiting the activity of microorganisms;

[0008] Insufficient rainfall: An overly dry environment will cause the moisture content of the pile to be too low, affecting the activity of microorganisms and reducing composting efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a production method of organic fertilizer made from agricultural waste.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the present invention proposes a production method of organic fertilizer made from agricultural waste, which is prepared by a windrow composting method, and the composting steps include:

[0011] Step 1: Mix chopped straw, soil and livestock manure in a ratio of 6:1:2 and mix them evenly; the appropriate ratio of straw to water is 1:3; wet the straw first, and test the straw-water ratio to be 1:1.6. Spray a composting agent once after the wet straw is spread in a layer with a thickness of 15-20 cm. The weight ratio of the composting agent to water is 1:50 and the dosage is 0.3 kg of composting agent for 250 kg of straw, until all the straw is piled up, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the pile is tested;

[0012] Step 2: Place the mixed raw materials on the fermentation field and use a composting device to pile them into nearly trapezoidal strips with a bottom width of 1.8-3 meters, a top width of 0.8-1 meters, and a height of 0.6-1 meters, with a spacing of 0.5 meters between strips; insert temperature recorders at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the pile, and ventilate through a forced ventilation system;

[0013] Step 3: Each pile of fermented raw materials is considered a batch and a compost fermentation sign is inserted. The sign is updated every day. After the raw materials are piled up, the temperature rises to 60 degrees within 1-2 days. After maintaining for 1 day, the pile is turned over, but when the temperature exceeds 70 degrees, the pile is turned over immediately and the number of turning times is increased. After the fermentation and composting process goes through four stages: low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature and cooling, the temperature gradually drops from low to high and then gradually drops to a difference of less than 10 degrees from room temperature, completing the fermentation process and forming primary organic fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, a winter fermentation agent is added during the mixing process of step 1, and the winter fermentation agent includes phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sorghum straw and yeast, and the raw materials are heated to 20 degrees to 30 degrees before composting, and the phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sorghum straw and yeast are added in a ratio of 5:1:0.8:2:1 per 100 kilograms of raw materials.

[0015] Preferably, the sorghum stalks in the winter fermentation agent are selected from middle sections, the sorghum stalks are chopped, and then the sorghum stalks, yeast, sugarcane juice or brown sugar water are mixed, and finally dried into pieces.

[0016] Preferably, a summer leavening agent is added during the mixing process of step 1, and the summer leavening agent includes phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sodium hydroxide and onion, and the addition ratio of the phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sodium hydroxide and onion per 100 kilograms of raw materials is 5:1:0.8:1:0.5.

[0017] Preferably, the sodium hydroxide and onions in the summer leavening agent are added separately, and onions are added after the sodium hydroxide is added.

[0018] Preferably, the composting agent in step 2 is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, thermophilic actinomycetes, Acetobacter, thermophilic fungi, thermophilic Bacillus and mesophilic fungi, and during the compost turning process in step 3, the composting agent is added in a targeted manner according to the stage of the organic fertilizer fermentation process.

[0019] Preferably, the composting device comprises upright poles, which are evenly and vertically installed on both sides of the stack, and composting plates are evenly slidably connected to the upright poles, and the composting plates are connected to electric push rods arranged on the upright poles; the composting plates are hollow structures, and their interiors are connected to an air supply device arranged on one side of the upright poles; conical holes are evenly opened on the composting plates, and the conical holes face the organic fertilizers at the upper and lower parts of the composting plates; a covering net is provided on the adjacent composting plates, and the covering net is covered with a covering layer made of soil; the temperature recorders in the step 2 are evenly distributed on the composting plates to monitor the temperatures of the upper, middle and lower layers of the stack.

[0020] Preferably, the covering layer is made of mud covering the entire covering net and has a thickness of 4 cm, and activated carbon is added to the bottom during the making of the covering layer.

[0021] Preferably, a heat preservation plate is provided on the side of the covering net away from the organic fertilizer, and the heat preservation plate is located in the covering layer; yeast and sorghum are stored inside the hollow structure of the heat preservation plate, and drainage pipes are evenly provided at the bottom of the heat preservation plate, and sponges are provided in the drainage pipes.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. In the production method of organic fertilizer made from agricultural waste described in the present invention, a temperature recorder monitors each fermentation stage of each pile, so that workers can more accurately control the compost fermentation environment and fermentation effect, and take remedial measures for problematic compost at the first time; when the compost temperature is too high, the pile is ventilated through a forced ventilation system while the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost is detected, and targeted measures are taken according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio test results; when the compost temperature is too low or the temperature does not meet the standard, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost is also first detected, and then targeted measures are taken according to the test results to improve the fermentation effect.

[0024] 2. The production method of organic fertilizer made from agricultural waste described in the present invention can detect and estimate the preparation degree of raw materials more quickly by utilizing the described detection method, thereby improving the convenience of fermentation, shortening the preparation time, and accelerating the fermentation efficiency; a raw material layer that is too thick will affect the contact between the middle part of the raw material layer and the decomposition agent, resulting in uneven compost fermentation; a raw material layer that is too thin will affect the excessive contact between the raw material and the decomposition agent, which will change the pH value and nutrient content of the soil, resulting in affected compost fermentation; and in step 1, after laying a layer of raw materials, the decomposition agent is evenly sprayed on the surface of the raw materials once, and the thickness of the raw material layer is 15-20 cm, and the thickest does not exceed 30 cm, so as to ensure that the decomposition agent can be evenly distributed on each layer of raw materials, thereby improving the composting effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of stacking using a composting device in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a state diagram of the contact of the composting plate in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a composting plate on a vertical pole on one side of a composting device;

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0030] In the figure: a vertical pole 1, a composting plate 11, an electric push rod 12, an air supply device 13, a conical hole 14, a covering net 15, a covering layer 16, a temperature recorder 2, a heat preservation plate 3, a drain pipe 31, and a sponge 32. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Embodiment 1:

[0033] The production method of organic fertilizer made from agricultural waste is prepared by windrow composting, and the composting steps include:

[0034] Step 1: Mix chopped straw, soil and livestock manure in a ratio of 6:1:2 and mix them evenly; the appropriate ratio of straw to water is 1:3; wet the straw first, and test the straw-water ratio to be 1:1.6. Spray a composting agent once after the wet straw is spread in a layer with a thickness of 15-20 cm. The weight ratio of the composting agent to water is 1:50 and the dosage is 0.3 kg of composting agent for 250 kg of straw, until all the straw is piled up, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the pile is tested;

[0035] Step 2: Place the mixed raw materials on the fermentation field and use a composting device to pile them into nearly trapezoidal strips with a bottom width of 1.8-3 meters, a top width of 0.8-1 meters, and a height of 0.6-1 meters, with a spacing of 0.5 meters between strips; insert temperature recorders at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the pile, and ventilate through a forced ventilation system;

[0036] Step 3: Each pile of fermented raw materials is considered a batch and a compost fermentation sign is inserted. The sign is updated every day. After the raw materials are piled up, the temperature rises to 60 degrees within 1-2 days. After maintaining for 1 day, the pile is turned over, but when the temperature exceeds 70 degrees, the pile is turned over immediately and the number of turning times is increased. After the fermentation and composting process goes through four stages: low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature and cooling, the temperature gradually drops from low to high and then gradually drops to a difference of less than 10 degrees from room temperature, completing the fermentation process and forming primary organic fertilizer.

[0037] Specifically: First, the humidity of the raw materials after mixing is controlled, and the moisture content is about 60%. If the moisture content of the compost is too low or too high, it will inhibit the activity of microorganisms and affect the fermentation of organic fertilizer. Therefore, a simple method can be used for detection. The detection method is: take a small amount of raw materials, use a shovel to pat the raw materials into a cake shape, then hold them up with your hands and slowly spread them out. The raw materials in this state can be stacked. Using the described detection method, the preparation degree of the raw materials can be detected and estimated more quickly, which improves the convenience of fermentation, shortens the preparation time, and speeds up the fermentation efficiency. A too thick raw material layer will affect the contact between the middle part of the raw material layer and the decomposition agent, resulting in uneven compost fermentation. A too thin raw material layer will affect the excessive contact between the raw material and the decomposition agent, which will change the pH value and nutrient content of the soil, resulting in compost fermentation being affected. In step 1, after laying a layer of raw materials, the decomposition agent is evenly sprayed on the surface of the raw materials. The thickness of the raw material layer is 15-20 cm, and the thickest does not exceed 30 cm. This can ensure that the decomposition agent can be evenly distributed on each layer of raw materials, thereby improving the composting effect.

[0038] By inserting temperature recorders at the top, middle and bottom of the compost pile, the temperature at each stage of compost fermentation can be recorded in real time:

[0039] Temperature rising period: dominated by mesophilic microorganisms, decomposing easily decomposable organic matter, such as sugars and starch, and the temperature gradually rises from ambient temperature to about 45 degrees;

[0040] High temperature period: Thermophilic microorganisms are active, decomposing complex organic matter, releasing a large amount of heat, and the temperature can rise to around 65 degrees;

[0041] Cooling period: After the high temperature stage lasts for a period of time, the temperature gradually drops to around 40 degrees, and mesophilic microorganisms regain the upper hand and continue to decompose residual organic matter;

[0042] Maturity stage: When the temperature drops further to slightly above the ambient temperature, the compost enters the maturity stage, and mesophilic microorganisms continue to decompose the residual organic matter, and the humus continues to increase;

[0043] If the compost temperature is too high, "compost burning" will occur, the enzymes in the microorganisms will be inactivated, and the biochemical reaction cannot proceed smoothly; if the temperature is too low, the enzyme catalytic activity in the microorganisms is insufficient, which is still not conducive to the fermentation; therefore, the temperature recorder monitors each fermentation stage of each pile, so that workers can more accurately control the compost fermentation environment and fermentation effect, and take remedial measures for problematic compost at the first time; when the compost temperature is too high, the pile is ventilated through the forced ventilation system while the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost is tested, and targeted measures are taken according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio test results; when the compost temperature is too low or the temperature does not meet the standard, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost is also tested first, and then targeted measures are taken according to the test results to improve the fermentation effect; for example: the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the compost is controlled at a conventional ratio, such as (25~35):1; when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is lower than 20:1, a carbon source is added; when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is higher than 40:1, a nitrogen source is added;

[0044] The above-mentioned method of detecting the carbon-nitrogen ratio uses a conventional organic fertilizer carbon-nitrogen ratio detector for detection; and, by adding a sign that is updated in real time, workers can pay extra attention and inspection to the piles with problems during daily compost inspections to ensure the correctness of the remedial measures and improve the fermentation effect of the problem piles after remediation; and, soil is mixed into the raw materials, such as old compost, deep ditch mud and fresh uncontaminated soil; first, adding soil can increase the nutrient content of the compost, and the soil is rich in microorganisms, organic matter and inorganic substances. These beneficial substances can promote the reproduction of microorganisms in the compost, and a part of the organic matter can be released into the compost, thereby increasing the nutrient content of the compost; secondly, adding soil Soil can promote the reproduction of microorganisms; the composting process requires the participation of microorganisms, and there are many types of microorganisms in the soil. Some microorganisms can decompose organic matter, accelerate the decomposition process of composting, and improve the quality of composting; in addition, adding soil can also increase aeration; during the stacking process, a large amount of organic waste will produce a lot of exhaust gas, and adding some soil can help control the exhaust process so that the smell of the compost will not be too pungent; finally, adding soil helps maintain appropriate humidity; appropriate humidity needs to be maintained during the composting process to promote the reproduction of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matter, and soil can help control humidity, both maintaining a certain humidity and helping drainage, so that the humidity of the compost can be controlled.

[0045] Embodiment 2:

[0046] On the basis of Example 1, a winter fermentation agent is added during the mixing process of step 1, wherein the winter fermentation agent includes phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sorghum straw and yeast, and the raw materials are heated to 20 degrees to 30 degrees before being piled, and the phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sorghum straw and yeast are added in a ratio of 5:1:0.8:2:1 per 100 kilograms of raw materials; and the yeast can be replaced by a fast fermentation agent;

[0047] The sorghum stalks in the winter fermentation agent are selected from the middle section, the sorghum stalks are chopped, and then the sorghum stalks, yeast, sugarcane juice or brown sugar water are mixed, and finally dried into pieces;

[0048] In the mixing process of step 1, a summer fermentation agent is added, wherein the summer fermentation agent includes phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sodium hydroxide and onion, and the addition ratio of the phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sodium hydroxide and onion per 100 jin of raw materials is 5:1:0.8:1:0.5; the addition amount of the winter fermentation agent and the summer fermentation agent can be added in variable amounts according to actual fermentation needs;

[0049] The sodium hydroxide and onions in the summer leavening agent are added separately, and onions are added after the sodium hydroxide is added;

[0050] The decomposing agent in step 2 is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, thermophilic actinomycetes, Acetobacter, thermophilic fungi, thermophilic Bacillus and mesophilic fungi, and during the compost turning process in step 3, the decomposing agent is added in a targeted manner according to the stage of the organic fertilizer fermentation process.

[0051] Specifically: During the winter composting fermentation period using the windrow composting method, the temperature of the formed windrow is low due to the low ambient temperature, which affects the activity of microorganisms in the compost, that is, the temperature rises slowly or fails to reach the expected temperature; therefore, a winter fermentation agent is added during the mixing process of step 1, and the winter fermentation agent includes phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sorghum straw and yeast. Phosphate rock powder, superphosphate and nitrogen fertilizer can supplement the energy required for the composting heating period. The addition of sorghum straw can balance the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the compost, avoid the imbalance of the carbon-nitrogen ratio caused by the addition of nitrogen fertilizer, and affect the microorganisms;

[0052] Moreover, the role of adding yeast together with sorghum straw is that, on the one hand, yeast can help compost ferment and decompose faster, thereby accelerating the compost making process; under suitable conditions, yeast can accelerate the fermentation process of compost, release organic matter, and increase the organic matter content; on the other hand, sorghum straw is one of the plants with a high sugar content, and sorghum straw is saccharified after being mixed with yeast. Saccharification refers to the conversion of starch in sorghum straw into fermentable sugar; when the enzyme in the mixture of sorghum straw and yeast begins to decompose starch, some by-products are produced, including fermentation-active microorganisms; the activity of these microorganisms generates heat, causing the temperature to rise, thereby increasing the fermentation temperature of the compost in winter; at the same time, the saccharification process of the mixture of sorghum straw and yeast is itself an exothermic reaction, that is, heat is released during the saccharification process; with the activity of yeast or other microorganisms, the temperature will further rise, further increasing the temperature of the compost, so that the compost smoothly enters the warming stage and improves the fermentation efficiency;

[0053] Moreover, yeast is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, which can perform aerobic respiration in an aerobic environment as well as anaerobic respiration in an anaerobic environment. Under aerobic conditions, yeast mainly performs aerobic respiration, and produces a large amount of ATP through the mixed fermentation process with sorghum straw, while producing carbon dioxide and water to supplement the dry fermentation environment in winter. Carbon dioxide can also create an anaerobic environment for yeast. Under anaerobic conditions, yeast performs anaerobic respiration, and produces alcohol and carbon dioxide through the process of glycolysis. Alcohol helps sterilize the compost during the warming period and eliminates the growth of harmful bacteria. The microorganisms required for compost fermentation are less affected by alcohol.

[0054] Furthermore, by heating the raw materials to about 20 degrees by hot air from a forced ventilation system and then composting, a suitable temperature environment can be provided for yeast, thereby increasing the activity of yeast, so that the compost can smoothly enter the temperature rise stage and improve the fermentation efficiency. In addition, the sugar content in the middle section of sorghum stalks is usually more uniform and has a higher sugar content, which can better cooperate with yeast to produce effects. Sorghum stalks are rich in cellulose, which can promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil added during the mixing process and accelerate the decomposition of organic matter.

[0055] When composting in a high-temperature environment in summer, the pile is cooled and dissipated through a forced ventilation system to avoid excessive temperatures during the high-temperature period, and summer fermentation agents are added, including phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizers, sodium hydroxide and onions. Sodium hydroxide is deliquescent and absorbs water vapor in the air, as well as acidic gases such as carbon dioxide. Adding sodium hydroxide to the compost can timely absorb the extra moisture in the pile in the humid environment of summer, and can also absorb the carbon dioxide produced during the composting fermentation process, avoiding the growth of excessive anaerobic bacteria and other harmful bacteria, which affects the fermentation effect. In addition, sodium hydroxide can also be used as a neutralizer to adjust the pH value of the compost. In addition, by adding onions, onions are rich in carotene and vitamin E, and have antibacterial and antioxidant effects, which improve the antibacterial properties of the compost and avoid the growth of excessive harmful bacteria. In addition, when onions are added, the strong smell of onions can neutralize the unpleasant odor during the composting fermentation process, thereby improving practicality.

[0056] Furthermore, the sodium hydroxide and onions in the summer fermentation agent are added separately, and the onions are added after the sodium hydroxide is added, in order to avoid the sodium hydroxide being added in the early stage, so as to avoid the moisture of the onions affecting the effect of the sodium hydroxide on the compost;

[0057] By adding the composting agent according to the stage of the organic fertilizer fermentation process, for example, in the temperature rising stage, the added composting agent is mainly mesophilic fungi, which can strongly decompose protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and at the same time can achieve the effects of heating, deodorizing, eliminating pests and diseases, weed seeds and increasing nutrients. Such targeted addition can avoid the situation where the bacteria in different stages act at the same time after a one-time addition, causing mutual interference, thereby improving the fermentation effect.

[0058] Embodiment three:

[0059] Based on the second embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, in the step 2, a composting device is used to stack and ferment organic fertilizers; the composting device includes a vertical pole 1, which is evenly and vertically installed on both sides of the stack, and a composting plate 11 is evenly and slidably connected to the vertical pole 1, and the composting plate 11 is connected to an electric push rod 12 arranged on the vertical pole 1; the composting plate 11 is a hollow structure, and its interior is connected to an air supply device 13 arranged on one side of the vertical pole 1; conical holes 14 are evenly opened on the composting plate 11, and the conical holes 14 face the organic fertilizers at the upper and lower parts of the composting plate 11; a covering net 15 is provided on the adjacent composting plate 11, and the covering net 15 is covered with a covering layer 16 made of soil; the temperature recorder 2 in the step 2 is evenly distributed on the composting plate 11 to monitor the temperature of the upper, middle and lower layers of the stack; the electric push rod 12 is a conventional electric telescopic device, and the air supply device 13 selects a conventional gas transmission device with heating gas;

[0060] The covering layer 16 is made of mud covering the covering net 15, and its thickness is about 4 cm. Activated carbon is added to the bottom during the production process of the covering layer 16;

[0061] The side of the covering net 15 away from the organic fertilizer is provided with an insulation board 3, and the insulation board 3 is located in the covering layer 16; yeast and sorghum are stored inside the hollow structure of the insulation board 3, and drainage pipes 31 are evenly arranged at the bottom of the insulation board 3, and sponges 32 are arranged in the drainage pipes 31.

[0062] Specific working process: when composting, the compost is stacked within the range of the composting device; after the stacking is completed, the composting plate 11 is inserted obliquely downward into the stack by the electric push rod 12 until the composting plates 11 on the two side poles 1 are in contact with each other and internally connected; then, the air supply device 13 is started, and the air supply device 13 supplies air to the inside of the composting plate 11 through the air pipe to supplement the oxygen consumption during the fermentation process, and the composting plate 11 exhausts air to the stack through the conical hole 14, and because the large hole of the conical hole 14 faces the inside of the composting plate 11 and the small hole faces the inside of the stack, the gas is squeezed when it is discharged The organic fertilizer far away from the conical hole 14 can also be exposed to the supplied gas, thereby improving the uniformity of fermentation. In addition, the small hole faces the organic fertilizer, thereby preventing the organic fertilizer from entering the composting plate 11 through the conical hole 14 or blocking the conical hole 14 by entering the conical hole 14. At this time, the temperature recorder 2 is carried by the composting plate 11 and inserted into the pile. Influenced by the contact and merging of the composting plate 11 at the center of the pile, the temperature recorder 2 can also be more accurately inserted into the center of the pile, thereby improving the detection accuracy and reducing the detection error.

[0063] After the covering net 15 is inserted and merged with the composting plate 11, it contacts the surface of the pile. The worker first spreads activated carbon on the covering net 15, and then spreads a covering layer 16 made of soil on the covering net 15; the combination of activated carbon and soil can absorb the odor emitted during compost fermentation and reduce environmental pollution. The soil can also keep the pile warm to avoid the situation where the pile is difficult to heat up in winter. With the above-mentioned winter fermentation agent, the compost can heat up faster in winter and improve the fermentation efficiency; in summer, the thickness of the covering layer 16 can be reduced or the covering layer 16 can be removed according to the fermentation situation and environment;

[0064] When the pile fermentation is in the high temperature period, the pile heats the yeast and sorghum stored in the insulation board 3 through the covering layer 16 and the insulation board 3, and because the covering layer 16 and the insulation board 3 are separated, the heating degree of the yeast and sorghum is lower than 45 degrees during the temperature rise period of the pile, so as to achieve the purpose of suitable yeast and sorghum fermentation to produce alcohol; the alcohol enters the discharge pipe 31 and is stored in the sponge 32, and slowly drips into the pile, thereby increasing the dripping time of the alcohol and continuing the effect of the alcohol; moreover, when the pile is heated, the temperature can be reused to improve the practicality; in addition, when the pile is turned, the electric push rod 12 drives the composting plate 11 away from the pile, and the composting plate 11 carries the covering net 15, the covering layer 16 and the insulation board 3 away from the pile, and the pile can be covered again after turning, and the covering layer 16 can be used for a long time; through the covering method, the covering layer 16 made of soil can keep the pile warm and absorb odor internally; and block the influence of external water vapor externally to avoid the influence of humid air on the pile.

Claims

1. A method for producing organic fertilizer made from agricultural waste, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by windrow composting, characterized in that: The steps of composting include: Step 1: Mix chopped straw, soil and livestock manure in a ratio of 6:1:2 and mix them evenly; the appropriate ratio of straw to water is 1:3; wet the straw first, and test the straw-water ratio to be 1:1.

6. Spray a composting agent once after the wet straw is spread in a layer with a thickness of 15-20 cm. The weight ratio of the composting agent to water is 1:50 and the dosage is 0.3 kg of composting agent for 250 kg of straw, until all the straw is piled up, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the pile is tested; Step 2: Place the mixed raw materials on the fermentation field and use a composting device to pile them into nearly trapezoidal strips with a bottom width of 1.8-3 meters, a top width of 0.8-1 meters, and a height of 0.6-1 meters, with a spacing of 0.5 meters between strips; insert temperature recorders at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the pile, and ventilate through a forced ventilation system; Step 3: Each batch of raw materials for fermentation is regarded as a batch, and a compost fermentation sign is inserted, which is updated every day; after the raw materials are piled up, the temperature rises to 60 degrees within 1-2 days, and the pile is turned after 1 day, but when the temperature exceeds 70 degrees, the pile is turned immediately and the number of turnings is increased; after the fermentation and composting process goes through four stages: low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature and cooling, the temperature gradually drops from low to high and then gradually drops to a difference of less than 10 degrees from the room temperature, the fermentation process is completed, and primary organic fertilizer is formed; The composting device comprises a vertical pole, which is evenly and vertically installed on both sides of the pile, and a composting plate is evenly slidably connected to the vertical pole, and the composting plate is connected to an electric push rod arranged on the vertical pole; the composting plate is a hollow structure, and its interior is connected to an air supply device arranged on one side of the vertical pole; conical holes are evenly opened on the composting plate, and the conical holes face the organic fertilizer at the upper and lower parts of the composting plate; a covering net is provided on the adjacent composting plate, and the covering net is covered with a covering layer made of soil; the temperature recorders in step 2 are evenly distributed on the composting plate to monitor the temperature of the upper, middle and lower layers of the pile; The covering layer is made of mud covering the entire covering net, and its thickness is 4 cm. Activated carbon is added to the bottom of the covering layer during the making process; A heat preservation board is arranged on the side of the covering net away from the organic fertilizer, and the heat preservation board is located in the covering layer; yeast and sorghum are stored inside the hollow structure of the heat preservation board, and drainage pipes are evenly arranged at the bottom of the heat preservation board, and sponges are arranged in the drainage pipes.

2. The method for producing organic fertilizer using agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the mixing process of step 1, a winter fermentation agent is added, wherein the winter fermentation agent includes phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sorghum straw and yeast, and the raw materials are heated to 20 degrees to 30 degrees before being piled. The phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sorghum straw and yeast are added in a ratio of 5:1:0.8:2:1 per 100 kilograms of raw materials.

3. The method for producing organic fertilizers using agricultural waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sorghum stalks in the winter fermentation agent are selected from middle sections, the sorghum stalks are chopped, and then the sorghum stalks, yeast, sugarcane juice or brown sugar water are mixed, and finally dried into pieces.

4. The method for producing organic fertilizers using agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the mixing process of step 1, a summer leavening agent is added, wherein the summer leavening agent includes phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sodium hydroxide and onion, and the phosphate rock powder, superphosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, sodium hydroxide and onion are added in a ratio of 5:1:0.8:1:0.5 per 100 jin of raw materials.

5. The method for producing organic fertilizers using agricultural waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sodium hydroxide and onions in the summer leavening agent are added separately, and the onions are added after the sodium hydroxide is added.

6. The method for producing organic fertilizers using agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposing agent in step 2 is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, thermophilic actinomycetes, Acetobacter, thermophilic fungi, thermophilic Bacillus and mesophilic fungi, and during the compost turning process in step 3, the decomposing agent is added in a targeted manner according to the stage of the organic fertilizer fermentation process.

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