Soil settlement reinforcement methods that enable rapid restoration of soil biodiversity

Abstract

This application discloses a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device and method for deep well reverse excavation. The soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device for deep well reverse excavation includes several settlement monitoring instruments, a first industrial control computer, a second industrial control computer, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle, and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm. The mechanical drill arm is mounted on the mobile vehicle. The settlement monitoring instruments are electrically connected to the first industrial control computer. The second industrial control computer is mounted on the mobile vehicle. The motor on the mobile vehicle and the mechanical drill arm are both electrically connected to the second industrial control computer. The mobile vehicle stores a battery, which is electrically connected to the second industrial control computer. Both the first and second industrial control computers are equipped with wireless communication modules.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention entitled "Soil Settlement Monitoring and Reinforcement Device and Reinforcement Method during Deep Well Reverse Excavation Construction", filed on July 8, 2022, with application number "2022108061510". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of tunnel excavation, and in particular to a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device and method for deep well reverse excavation. Background Technology

[0003] Patent publication document CN113982591B discloses a method for reverse excavation of large-diameter deep vertical shafts. The construction method disclosed in this document is more suitable for all-hard rock terrain. Because all-hard rock terrain is a complete rock, although it will cause greater wear to the excavation head during excavation, the excavated shaft will not have the risk of collapse.

[0004] However, in most tunnels, when excavating deep shafts, the overlying strata are not entirely hard rock. Therefore, if there are strata with a high sand and gravel content above the tunnel (i.e., the mixed sand and gravel layer described in paragraph 0015 of this specification, where the sand and gravel content is greater than the soil content, for example, sand and gravel content exceeding 70%), the shaft may collapse during excavation. This is because strata with a high sand and gravel content have weak internal cohesion, and during deep shaft excavation, they are constantly impacting the ground, making shaft collapse highly likely. This process can be seen in the appendix. Figure 1 As shown, attached Figure 1 The direction indicated by the middle arrow is the direction of sand and gravel flow. Once the sand and gravel in the sand and gravel-soil mixture layer flows into the well, it is easy for a collapse to occur, causing the entire well to be blocked. When the sand and gravel in the sand and gravel-soil mixture layer begins to flow continuously into the well, a very obvious phenomenon is the continuous ground subsidence above the sand and gravel-soil mixture layer. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device for deep well reverse excavation.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] A soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device for deep well reverse excavation includes several settlement monitoring instruments, a first industrial control computer, a second industrial control computer, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle, and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm. The mechanical drill arm is mounted on the mobile vehicle. The settlement monitoring instruments are electrically connected to the first industrial control computer. The second industrial control computer is mounted on the mobile vehicle. The motor on the mobile vehicle and the mechanical drill arm are both electrically connected to the second industrial control computer. The mobile vehicle stores a battery, which is electrically connected to the second industrial control computer. Both the first and second industrial control computers are equipped with wireless communication modules.

[0008] Specifically, the motor installed on the device itself to drive its own movement, as well as the various motors on the mechanical drill arm (including such electric devices as electric cylinders and electric telescopic rods if present), are all electrically connected to the second industrial control computer. The first industrial control computer and the second industrial control computer can communicate wirelessly.

[0009] In this type of device, there are multiple options for the settlement monitoring instrument, as long as it can monitor soil settlement. As a preferred method, this device uses a hydrostatic level to measure the soil settlement, and then transmits the measured settlement data to the first industrial control computer.

[0010] In this device, the second industrial control computer, the mobile vehicle, the battery, and the mechanical drill arm form a mobile electric drilling robot. The second industrial control computer is the control center of the entire electric mobile drilling robot. Since both the first and second industrial control computers have built-in wireless communication modules, they can communicate wirelessly with each other. Therefore, the second industrial control computer, the mobile vehicle, and the battery together form a remote-controlled electric mobile robot, which can be operated through communication between the first and second industrial control computers.

[0011] The specific method of this device is as follows: First, the settlement monitoring instrument is placed above the tunnel, and multiple settlement monitoring instruments are distributed around the shaft. The settlement monitoring instrument transmits the measured data to the first industrial control computer. The first industrial control computer analyzes and calculates the data through its built-in computer program to determine whether settlement has occurred at a certain point. When the settlement monitoring instrument detects settlement at a certain point, the electric mobile drilling robot is used to drill near the settlement point. After drilling is completed, ice blocks at -50℃ to -18℃ are inserted into the hole. Then, low-temperature water at 0℃ to 4℃ is poured near the ground surface. The water and ice work together to completely freeze the soil around the settlement point, making the soil in that area lose its fluidity and thus preventing the shaft from collapsing and blocking.

[0012] In summary, this device can monitor soil settlement during the operation of the reverse tunneling device shown in CN113982591B. When soil settlement occurs, the device can promptly reinforce the soil at the collapse point. After reinforcement, the soil collapse can be prevented, and further soil settlement can be avoided.

[0013] It should be noted that when the settlement monitoring instrument detects settlement at a certain location, the reverse tunneling device must immediately stop the reverse tunneling operation, and the electric mobile drilling robot shall carry out the drilling operation. Only after the freezing and reinforcement are completed can the reverse tunneling operation be carried out again.

[0014] Optionally, the mechanical drill arm includes a mechanical arm and a drill bit, the mechanical arm being mounted on a mobile vehicle, and the drill bit being mounted on the mechanical arm.

[0015] The drill bit can be detachably mounted on the robotic arm, which allows for the replacement of drill bits of different specifications and strengths in different terrains, thus better adapting to excavation work.

[0016] Optionally, one end of the drill bit is provided with a crushing section, which is hemispherical and has a notch.

[0017] A crushing section is installed at one end of the drill bit. This design ensures that the drill bit has a certain crushing ability for some hard rocks, and that the drill bit can drill through hard rock formations.

[0018] A reinforcement method applicable to the monitoring and reinforcement device described above, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0019] The settlement point confirmation process involves using a settlement monitoring instrument to detect the points where settlement has occurred.

[0020] The soil moistening step involves pouring water onto the soil near the settlement point.

[0021] Pouring water near the settlement point serves two purposes: first, it increases the cohesion between the sand and soil in the stratum, allowing the mechanical drill arm to excavate a shaped hole when drilling. This is because if the sand and soil in the stratum are too dry, it is very easy to collapse during excavation, making it impossible to excavate a shaped hole; second, it uses water to lubricate the mechanical drill arm.

[0022] The drilling process involves using a mechanical drill arm to excavate multiple ice injection holes on the ground surface. These holes are distributed around the settlement points, and it is ensured that there is no water accumulation inside them.

[0023] Water may accumulate at the bottom of the ice injection hole, but water droplets may be present on the hole wall. The reason why there is no water accumulation at the bottom of the ice injection hole is to ensure that the water below will not freeze when the ice is put into the ice injection hole, which would prevent enough low-temperature ice from being inserted into the ice injection hole, resulting in insufficient cold source temperature at the bottom of the hole and failure to guarantee the freezing strength of the frozen layer near the bottom of the ice injection hole.

[0024] The freezing process involves placing ice blocks, with a temperature below -18°C, into the ice injection hole and ensuring the hole is filled with ice. Then, water with a temperature of 0°C to 4°C is poured near the ground surface. The combined action of the water and ice freezes the soil around the settlement point.

[0025] Ice blocks with a temperature below -18°C are used, and immediately after the ice blocks are placed, water with a temperature of 0°C to 4°C is poured onto the ground. As the water seeps down from top to bottom, it will gradually freeze, thus forming a frozen zone within the sand and soil mixture layer, or even freezing the entire sand and soil mixture layer. The existence of the frozen zone can effectively prevent sand and soil from surging into the shaft during reverse tunneling, thereby preventing collapse.

[0026] Optionally, when there is only one settlement point, the depth of all ice injection holes shall not exceed the thickness of the sand and soil mixture layer.

[0027] When there is only one settlement point, it means that there is only one place where the stratum is not stable enough. Simply freezing the soil at that point will ensure that the soil will not collapse.

[0028] Optionally, when there are more than two settlement points and the two settlement points are not adjacent, the depth of some ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand and soil mixture layer. The ice injection holes are distributed in a ring around the drill rod, and there are no less than two rings of ice injection holes distributed in an arc shape. All settlement points are located between the two rings of ice injection holes.

[0029] When multiple settlement points are found, and two (or more) of these points are not adjacent, it indicates that the entire sand and soil mixture layer is structurally unstable and requires reinforcement of the entire area undergoing reverse extremity drilling. Failure to reinforce the entire area could result in the wellbore being blocked and damaged by collapsing sand and gravel. Therefore, multiple ice injection holes need to be drilled, arranged in a circular pattern around the drill rod, ensuring at least two such circular patterns throughout the soil. All settlement points are located between these two circular ice injection holes. After water is injected, a freezing cylinder is formed around the drill rod, effectively preventing soil and sand from accumulating and causing collapse. Furthermore, because some ice injection holes are deeper than the sand and soil mixture layer, some ice is embedded in the hard rock strata. This results in the freezing cylinder being frozen together with the hard rock strata, significantly increasing its resistance to displacement and preventing movement during the entire support process.

[0030] Optionally, the depth of the ice injection hole shall not exceed the sum of the thickness of the hard rock strata and the thickness of the sand and soil mixture layer, and the ice injection hole shall be cylindrical.

[0031] Optionally, all ice injection holes are parallel to the drill pipe.

[0032] The ice injection hole is parallel to the drill rod and is cylindrical. This structure ensures good stability and facilitates excavation.

[0033] Optionally, the ice block is a block-shaped ice block or a cylindrical ice block, and the temperature of the ice block at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of the ice block at the opening of the ice injection hole.

[0034] The ice at the bottom of the injection hole is colder than the ice at the opening. The ice acts as a cold source, and in this method, the temperature of the cold source decreases further down the surface. As water flows downwards and freezes, the lower the area of ​​the frozen block, the stronger the freezing intensity. This is because the lower the frozen block needs to withstand greater weight, ensuring the entire frozen block has high strength and is less prone to breakage. Similarly, since soil biodiversity is mainly maintained by the plants, animals, and microorganisms near the surface, the relatively low freezing temperature at the surface reduces damage to these organisms and facilitates rapid biodiversity recovery after the freezing process is completed.

[0035] Optionally, after the soil around the settlement point has frozen, a layer of insulation material can be laid on the surface.

[0036] Specific insulation materials can be polyurethane pads with an aluminum film coating on the surface. These polyurethane pads with an aluminum film coating have good insulation effects, thereby providing insulation for the frozen area below and ensuring that the entire frozen area can maintain its frozen state for a longer period of time.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it can monitor soil settlement during the operation of the reverse tunneling device; when soil settlement occurs, the device can reinforce the soil at the collapse point in a timely manner; after reinforcement, the soil collapse can be prevented, and further soil settlement can be avoided. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a simplified diagram illustrating the principle behind a landslide.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the communication relationship between the settlement monitoring instrument, the first industrial control computer, and the second industrial control computer.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an electric mobile drilling robot.

[0041] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A simplified enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the settlement monitoring instrument and the drill rod.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the ice injection hole in Example 2.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the ice injection hole in Example 3.

[0045] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Settlement monitoring instrument; 2. First industrial control computer; 3. Second industrial control computer; 4. Mobile vehicle; 5. Robotic arm; 6. Drill bit; 601. Crushing section; 602. Notch. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] See appendix Figure 2 Appendix Figure 3 and appendix Figure 4As shown, a soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device for deep well reverse excavation includes several settlement monitoring instruments 1, a first industrial control computer 2, a second industrial control computer 3, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle 4, and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm. The mechanical drill arm is mounted on the mobile vehicle 4. The settlement monitoring instruments 1 are electrically connected to the first industrial control computer. The second industrial control computer is mounted on the mobile vehicle 4. The motor on the mobile vehicle 4 and the mechanical drill arm are both electrically connected to the second industrial control computer 3. The mobile vehicle 4 stores a battery. The battery (not shown in the attached figure, integrated with the second industrial control computer) is electrically connected to the second industrial control computer 3. Both the first industrial control computer 2 and the second industrial control computer 3 are equipped with wireless communication modules.

[0049] Specifically, the motors installed on the device itself to drive its own movement, as well as the motors on the mechanical drill arm (including such electric devices as electric cylinders and electric telescopic rods if present), are all electrically connected to the second industrial control computer 3. The first industrial control computer 2 (powered by an external power source or its own battery) can communicate wirelessly with the second industrial control computer 3.

[0050] In this device, the settlement monitoring instrument 1 can be selected from a variety of options, as long as it can monitor soil settlement. As a preferred option, this device uses a hydrostatic level to measure the soil settlement, and then transmits the measured settlement data to the first industrial control computer 2.

[0051] In this device, the second industrial control computer 3, the mobile vehicle 4, the battery, and the mechanical drill arm form a mobile electric drilling robot. The second industrial control computer 3 is the control center of the entire electric mobile drilling robot. Since both the first industrial control computer 2 and the second industrial control computer 3 have built-in wireless communication modules, they can communicate wirelessly with each other. Therefore, the second industrial control computer 3, the mobile vehicle 4, and the battery together form a remote-controlled electric mobile robot, which can be operated through communication between the first industrial control computer 2 and the second industrial control computer 3.

[0052] The specific method of this device is as follows: First, the settlement monitoring instrument 1 is placed above the tunnel, and the settlement monitoring instruments 1 are distributed around the shaft. There are multiple settlement monitoring instruments 1. The settlement monitoring instruments 1 transmit the measured data to the first industrial control computer 2. The first industrial control computer 2 analyzes and calculates the data through the built-in computer program to determine whether settlement has occurred at a certain point. When the settlement monitoring instrument 1 detects that settlement has occurred at a certain point, the electric mobile drilling robot needs to be used to drill near the settlement point. After the drilling is completed, ice blocks of -50℃ to -18℃ are inserted into the hole. Then, low temperature water of 0℃ to 4℃ is poured near the ground surface. The water + ice action completely freezes the soil around the settlement point, making the soil at that point completely frozen together and losing its fluidity, thereby preventing the shaft from collapsing and blocking.

[0053] In summary, this device can monitor soil settlement during the operation of the reverse tunneling device shown in CN113982591B. When soil settlement occurs, the device can promptly reinforce the soil at the collapse point. After reinforcement, the soil collapse can be prevented, and further soil settlement can be avoided.

[0054] It should be noted that when the settlement monitoring instrument 1 detects settlement at a certain location, the reverse tunneling device must immediately stop the reverse tunneling operation and the electric mobile drilling robot shall carry out the drilling operation. Only after the freezing and reinforcement are completed can the reverse tunneling operation be carried out again.

[0055] The mechanical drill arm includes a mechanical arm 5 and a drill bit 6. The mechanical arm 5 is mounted on a mobile vehicle 4, and the drill bit 6 is mounted on the mechanical arm 5.

[0056] Specifically, the drill bit 6 can be detachably mounted on the robotic arm 5, which makes it easy to replace the drill bit 6 with different specifications and strengths in different terrains, thus better adapting to excavation work.

[0057] One end of the drill bit 6 is provided with a crushing part 601, which is hemispherical and has a notch 602.

[0058] A breaking section 601 is provided at one end of the drill bit 6. This design is to ensure that the drill bit 6 has a certain breaking ability for some hard rocks, and to ensure that the drill bit 6 can tunnel in hard rock formations.

[0059] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the arrangement of each settlement monitoring instrument 1 when measuring soil settlement is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 As shown, multiple settlement monitoring instruments 1 are arranged in a circular pattern around the drill rod, and the settlement monitoring instruments form at least two concentric circles. The diameter of the communication circle is larger than the diameter of the drill bit (i.e., it must be ensured that the drill bit is located within the communication circle formed by the settlement monitoring instruments).

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This embodiment provides a reinforcement method, where the settlement monitoring instruments in the device provided in Embodiment 1 (the distribution of the settlement monitoring instruments is shown in the attached figure) Figure 5 When settlement is detected at only one location (as shown in the example), the method provided in this embodiment can be used for reinforcement.

[0062] S1, Settlement point confirmation step, using a settlement monitoring instrument to detect the points where settlement has occurred;

[0063] S2, Soil humidification step: Pour water into the soil near the settlement point. The water temperature is 10℃~15℃ at this time.

[0064] Pouring water near the settlement point serves two purposes: first, it increases the cohesion between the sand and soil in the stratum, allowing the mechanical drill arm to excavate a shaped hole when drilling. This is because if the sand and soil in the stratum are too dry, it is very easy to collapse during excavation, making it impossible to excavate a shaped hole; second, it uses water to lubricate the mechanical drill arm.

[0065] S3, Drilling step: Using the electric mobile drilling robot provided in Example 1, the first industrial control computer remotely excavates an ice injection hole on the ground surface. There is only one ice injection hole (the specific number of ice injection holes can be adjusted by the settlement degree observed by the on-site construction personnel. If the settlement is small, only one ice injection hole is needed. If the settlement is large, the number of ice injection holes can be increased appropriately). The ice injection holes are distributed around the settlement point, but the ice injection holes are not located above the well. Then, the water in the ice injection hole is pumped out.

[0066] Water may accumulate at the bottom of the ice injection hole, but water droplets may be present on the hole wall. The reason why there is no water accumulation at the bottom of the ice injection hole is to ensure that the water below will not freeze when the ice is put into the ice injection hole, which would prevent enough low-temperature ice from being inserted into the ice injection hole, resulting in insufficient cold source temperature at the bottom of the hole and failure to guarantee the freezing strength of the frozen layer near the bottom of the ice injection hole.

[0067] S5, Freezing Step: Place ice blocks into the ice injection hole. First, pour in ice blocks with a temperature below -30°C, then pour in ice blocks with a temperature between -30°C and -25°C, and finally pour in ice blocks with a temperature between -25°C and 18°C, ensuring that the ice injection hole is filled with ice blocks. Then, pour water near the ground surface. The water seeps downwards and around through the gaps in the sand and soil mixture layer, and the water temperature is between 0°C and 4°C. Under the combined action of water and ice, a frozen column is formed around the ice injection hole. The formation of this frozen column can prevent the sand or soil from flowing in that area, thereby improving the stability of the area and preventing collapse.

[0068] In this embodiment, ice blocks with a temperature below -18°C are used. After placing the ice blocks, water with a temperature of 0°C to 4°C is immediately poured onto the ground. As the water seeps down from top to bottom, it gradually freezes, thus forming a frozen zone within the sand and soil mixture layer, or even freezing the entire sand and soil mixture layer (when the temperature of the ice blocks is low enough, such as below -70°C). The existence of the frozen zone can effectively prevent sand and soil from surging into the shaft during reverse tunneling, thereby preventing collapse.

[0069] Since there is only one settlement point, it means that there is only one place where the stratum is not stable enough. Simply freezing the soil at that point will ensure that the soil will not collapse.

[0070] In this embodiment, the depth of the ice injection hole is not much greater than the thickness of the sand and soil mixture layer, and the ice injection holes are all parallel to the drill rod.

[0071] In this embodiment, the temperature of the ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than that at the opening of the hole. The ice acts as a cold source. In this method, the temperature of the cold source decreases as it goes deeper into the ground. As water flows downwards and forms a frozen column, the freezing strength of the lower part of the column is higher because the frozen block at the bottom needs to bear a greater weight. This ensures that the entire frozen block has high strength and is not easily broken. Similarly, since soil biodiversity is mainly maintained by the plants, animals, and microorganisms near the surface, the relatively low freezing temperature at the surface can reduce damage to microorganisms and plants and animals to a certain extent, facilitating the rapid recovery of biodiversity after the freezing operation is completed.

[0072] After the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of insulation material is laid on the ground surface.

[0073] Specific insulation materials can be polyurethane pads with an aluminum film coating on the surface. These polyurethane pads with an aluminum film coating have good insulation effects, thereby providing insulation for the frozen area below and ensuring that the entire frozen area can maintain its frozen state for a longer period of time.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] This embodiment provides a reinforcement method, where the settlement monitoring instruments in the device provided in Embodiment 1 (the distribution of the settlement monitoring instruments is shown in the attached figure) Figure 5 When at least two points are found to have settled (the two points may or may not be adjacent), the method provided in this embodiment can be used for reinforcement.

[0076] S1, Settlement point confirmation step, using a settlement monitoring instrument to detect the points where settlement has occurred;

[0077] S2, Soil wetting step, pour water into the soil near the settlement point;

[0078] Pouring water near the settlement point serves two purposes: first, it increases the cohesion between the sand and soil in the stratum, allowing the mechanical drill arm to excavate a shaped hole when drilling. This is because if the sand and soil in the stratum are too dry, it is very easy to collapse during excavation, making it impossible to excavate a shaped hole; second, it uses water to lubricate the mechanical drill arm.

[0079] S3, Drilling step: Using the electric mobile drilling robot provided in Example 1, the first industrial control computer remotely excavates ice injection holes on the surface. There are multiple ice injection holes, and the bottom of some of the ice injection holes is located in hard rock strata. The ice injection holes are distributed in a circular pattern with the drill rod as the center. There are two circular ice injection holes. The settlement point is located between the two circular ice injection holes. The ice injection holes with the bottom located in hard rock strata are located on the outer circular ring. After the ice injection holes are excavated, the water in the ice injection holes is pumped out.

[0080] Water may accumulate at the bottom of the ice injection hole, but water droplets may be present on the hole wall. The reason why there is no water accumulation at the bottom of the ice injection hole is to ensure that the water below will not freeze when the ice is put into the ice injection hole, which would prevent enough low-temperature ice from being inserted into the ice injection hole, resulting in insufficient cold source temperature at the bottom of the hole and failure to guarantee the freezing strength of the frozen layer near the bottom of the ice injection hole.

[0081] S4, Freezing Step: Place ice blocks into the ice injection hole. First, pour in ice blocks with a temperature below -30°C, and then pour in block ice blocks with a temperature of -30°C to -18°C, ensuring that the ice injection hole is full of ice blocks. Then, pour water near the ground surface, with the water temperature between 0°C and 4°C. The water and ice work together to freeze the soil around the settlement point.

[0082] Ice blocks with a temperature below -18°C are used, and immediately after the ice blocks are placed, water with a temperature of 0°C to 4°C is poured onto the ground. As the water seeps down from top to bottom, it will gradually freeze, thus forming a frozen zone within the sand and soil mixture layer, or even freezing the entire sand and soil mixture layer. The existence of the frozen zone can effectively prevent sand and soil from surging into the shaft during reverse tunneling, thereby preventing collapse.

[0083] In this embodiment, the presence of two (or more) non-adjacent settlement points indicates a highly unstable structure in the entire sand and soil mixture layer. Reinforcement of the entire area undergoing reverse excavation is necessary. Failure to reinforce the entire area could result in the wellbore being blocked and damaged by collapsed sand and gravel. Therefore, multiple ice injection holes are required, arranged in a circular pattern around the drill rod. At least two such circular patterns are maintained throughout the soil. All settlement points are located between these two circular ice injection holes. After water is injected, a freezing cylinder is formed around the drill rod, effectively preventing soil and sand accumulation and collapse. Furthermore, since some ice injection holes are deeper than the sand and soil mixture layer, some ice is embedded in the hard rock strata. This results in the freezing cylinder being frozen together with the hard rock strata, significantly increasing its resistance to displacement and preventing movement during the entire support process.

[0084] In the reinforcement method provided in this embodiment, some of the sand and soil inside the freezing cylinder become smoother due to the freezing effect of ice water. Therefore, when the drill bit excavates this part of the frozen soil, the ice has a certain lubricating effect on the drill bit, which can reduce the wear of the drill bit during the grinding process.

[0085] All ice injection holes are parallel to the drill pipe.

[0086] The ice injection hole is parallel to the drill rod and is cylindrical. This structure ensures good stability and facilitates excavation.

[0087] The temperature of the ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than that at the opening of the ice injection hole, and the temperature of the ice gradually decreases from the bottom of the ice injection hole upwards.

[0088] The ice at the bottom of the injection hole is colder than the ice at the opening. The ice acts as a cold source, and in this method, the temperature of the cold source decreases further down the surface. As water flows downwards and freezes, the lower the area of ​​the frozen block, the stronger the freezing intensity. This is because the lower the frozen block needs to withstand greater weight, ensuring the entire frozen block has high strength and is less prone to breakage. Similarly, since soil biodiversity is mainly maintained by the plants, animals, and microorganisms near the surface, the relatively low freezing temperature at the surface reduces damage to these organisms and facilitates rapid biodiversity recovery after the freezing process is completed.

[0089] After the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of insulation material is laid on the ground surface.

[0090] Specific insulation materials can be polyurethane pads with an aluminum film coating. These polyurethane pads with an aluminum film coating have good insulation effects, thereby providing insulation for the frozen area below and ensuring that the entire frozen area can maintain its frozen state for a longer period of time, which facilitates the next step of the operation in the well (such as reinforcing the well located in the sand and soil mixture layer by pouring reinforced concrete).

[0091] Example 4

[0092] The reinforcement method provided in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiments 2 and 3. The difference is that block ice blocks are used in Embodiments 2 and 3, while cylindrical ice blocks are used in this embodiment. The temperature of the cylindrical ice block at the bottom of the hole is the lowest, and the temperature of the ice block at the opening of the hole is the highest. The temperature range of the cylindrical ice block is -32℃ to -18℃.

[0093] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent modifications made based on the present invention specification, whether directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for soil settlement reinforcement that enables rapid restoration of soil biodiversity, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The settlement point confirmation process involves using a settlement monitoring instrument to detect the points where settlement has occurred. The soil moistening step involves pouring water onto the soil near the settlement point. The drilling process involves using a mechanical drill arm to excavate multiple ice injection holes on the ground surface. These holes are distributed around the settlement points, and it is ensured that there is no water accumulation inside them. The freezing process involves placing ice blocks into the ice injection hole. The temperature of the ice blocks should be below -18°C, and the ice injection hole should be filled with ice blocks. Then, water should be poured near the ground surface, and the temperature of the water should be between 0°C and 4°C. The water and ice work together to freeze the soil around the settlement point. The soil settlement monitoring and reinforcement device for deep well reverse tunneling includes several settlement monitoring instruments, a first industrial control computer, a second industrial control computer, an electrically controlled mobile vehicle, and an electrically controlled mechanical drill arm. The mechanical drill arm is mounted on the mobile vehicle. The settlement monitoring instruments are electrically connected to the first industrial control computer. The second industrial control computer is mounted on the mobile vehicle. The motor on the mobile vehicle and the mechanical drill arm are both electrically connected to the second industrial control computer. The mobile vehicle stores a battery, which is electrically connected to the second industrial control computer. Both the first and second industrial control computers are equipped with wireless communication modules. The mechanical drill arm includes a mechanical arm and a drill bit. The mechanical arm is mounted on a mobile vehicle, and the drill bit is mounted on the mechanical arm. One end of the drill bit is provided with a crushing section, which is hemispherical and has a notch. The temperature of the ice at the bottom of the ice injection hole is lower than the temperature of the ice at the opening of the ice injection hole; After the freezing column formed by water flowing from top to bottom, the freezing intensity is higher in the area further down the freezing column; the temperature of the ice is -50℃ to -18℃.

2. The soil settlement reinforcement method with rapid restoration of soil biodiversity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When there is only one settlement point, the depth of all ice injection holes should not exceed the thickness of the sand and soil mixture layer.

3. The soil settlement reinforcement method with rapid restoration of soil biodiversity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When there are more than two settlement points, and the two settlement points are not adjacent, the depth of some ice injection holes is greater than the thickness of the sand and soil mixture layer. The ice injection holes are distributed in a ring around the drill rod, and there are no less than two rings of ice injection holes distributed in an arc shape. All settlement points are located between the two rings of ice injection holes.

4. The soil settlement reinforcement method with rapid restoration of soil biodiversity as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The depth of the ice injection hole shall not exceed the sum of the thickness of the hard rock strata and the thickness of the sand and soil mixture layer, and the ice injection hole shall be cylindrical.

5. The soil settlement reinforcement method with rapid restoration of soil biodiversity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, All ice injection holes are parallel to the drill pipe.

6. The soil settlement reinforcement method with rapid restoration of soil biodiversity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the soil around the settlement point is frozen, a layer of insulation material is laid on the ground surface.

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