A multi-stage pressure reducing valve

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-stage pressure reducing valve, comprising a first pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanism, three pressure reducing pinhole sleeves, and multiple second pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanisms. The upper cover has an air inlet, the first valve body has a pressure reducing cavity, the second valve body has a first pressure stabilizing cavity and multiple second pressure stabilizing cavities, the pressure reducing cavity and the first pressure stabilizing cavity are connected through a first gas flow channel, the multiple second pressure stabilizing cavities are respectively connected to the pressure reducing cavity through multiple second gas flow channels, and each second pressure stabilizing cavity is provided with a gas outlet connected to the corresponding second gas flow channel; the first pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanism is installed in the middle of the pressure reducing cavity and inside the first pressure stabilizing cavity and extends into the air inlet; the three pressure reducing pinhole sleeves are installed in the pressure reducing cavity at intervals from the inside to the outside; the multiple second pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanisms are respectively installed in the multiple second pressure stabilizing cavities and respectively extend into the multiple second gas flow channels. The present invention can achieve a significant pressure reducing effect and dual stability of outlet pressure and flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pressure reducing valves, and more particularly to a multi-stage pressure reducing valve. Background Art

[0002] The efficient, safe storage, transportation, and precise control of hydrogen have become key technical links in the widespread application of the hydrogen energy industry chain. Valves, as core components connecting various links, have a direct impact on the efficiency and safety of hydrogen energy utilization. Pressure reducing valves are particularly crucial in the processing of high-pressure hydrogen. They must ensure that the hydrogen pressure is accurately and stably reduced from high pressure (e.g., 35 / 70 MPa) to the low pressure range (e.g., 0.5 to 1 MPa) required for terminal applications such as fuel cells.

[0003] However, existing hydrogen pressure reducing valves commonly suffer from technical issues: 1) Insufficient pressure reduction capacity: the inlet pressure of existing hydrogen pressure reducing valves is generally below 20 MPa, leaving a relatively unsatisfied market for higher pressure hydrogen pressure reducing valves; 2) Inadequate pressure stabilization: it is difficult to achieve precise pressure reduction under high pressure and maintain stable outlet pressure and flow, posing a safety hazard; and 3) Structural design flaws: For example, the valve stem is directly mounted within the cavity for adjustment, lacking a balancing mechanism and independent adjustment structure, leading to localized pressure imbalances and compromising adjustment stability and sealing performance. These issues not only limit the widespread application of pressure reducing valves in the hydrogen energy sector but also increase system complexity and maintenance costs.

[0004] Therefore, providing an efficient, stable and reliable multi-stage pressure reducing valve is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a multi-stage pressure reducing valve to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multi-stage pressure reducing valve comprises an upper cover, a first valve body and a second valve body connected together in sequence by screws, and further comprises a first pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanism, three pressure reducing pinhole sleeves and a plurality of second pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanisms, wherein the upper cover has an air inlet, the first valve body has a pressure reducing cavity, the second valve body has a first pressure stabilizing cavity and a plurality of second pressure stabilizing cavities uniformly distributed around the first pressure stabilizing cavity, the pressure reducing cavity and the first pressure stabilizing cavity are communicated through a first gas flow channel opened thereon, and the plurality of second pressure stabilizing cavities are respectively connected to the pressure reducing cavity through a plurality of gas flow channels opened thereon. The second gas flow channel is connected, and each of the second pressure-stabilizing chambers is provided with a gas outlet connected to the corresponding second gas flow channel; the first pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism is installed in the middle of the pressure-reducing chamber and inside the first pressure-stabilizing chamber and extends into the air inlet; the three pressure-reducing pinhole sleeves are installed in the pressure-reducing chamber in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the first pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism is slidably connected to the pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve close to it; multiple second pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanisms are respectively installed in multiple second pressure-stabilizing chambers, and respectively extend into multiple second gas flow channels.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0009] The multi-stage pressure reduction and multi-stage pressure stabilization structures of the present invention are combined to form a multi-stage pressure reduction and pressure stabilization symmetrical structure as a whole, which can achieve a significant pressure reduction effect and dual stability of outlet pressure and flow.

[0010] Furthermore, the three pressure-reducing pinhole sleeves are respectively a first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, a second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve and a third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve distributed in sequence from the inside to the outside, the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve is provided with a plurality of first step holes, the second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve is provided with a plurality of second step holes, the third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve is provided with a plurality of third step holes, and each of the first step holes, each of the second step holes and each of the third step holes includes an inner hole and an outer hole distributed from the inside to the outside, and the diameter of the inner hole is smaller than the diameter of the outer hole.

[0011] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the pressure relief effect can be enhanced.

[0012] Furthermore, the first inner hole diameter of the first stepped hole is 0.3 mm, and the first outer hole diameter of the first stepped hole is 0.5 mm; the second inner hole diameter of the second stepped hole is 0.6 mm, and the second outer hole diameter of the second stepped hole is 0.8 mm; the third inner hole diameter of the third stepped hole is 0.4 mm, and the third outer hole diameter of the third stepped hole is 0.8 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, in the vertical direction, multiple first stepped holes are located in the middle of the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, multiple second stepped holes are respectively located at both ends of the second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, and multiple third stepped holes are located in the middle of the third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve; in the horizontal direction, multiple first stepped holes are located in the Y direction of the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, multiple second stepped holes are located in the X direction of the second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, and multiple third stepped holes are located in the Y direction of the third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve.

[0014] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is that the positions of the stepped holes are distributed so that the hole walls form a buffer for the high-pressure supersonic gas, thereby reducing the flow rate of the supersonic gas.

[0015] Furthermore, the first pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism includes a pressure-reducing column valve core rod, a pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat, a pressure-stabilizing spring seat and a first pressure-stabilizing spring, the pressure-reducing column valve core rod being vertically installed in the middle of the pressure-reducing cavity, and the head of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod extending into the air inlet, the tail end of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod passing through the first valve body and extending into the first pressure-stabilizing cavity, the main body of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod being slidingly connected to the pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve close to it; the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat and the pressure-stabilizing spring seat being sequentially installed in the first pressure-stabilizing cavity from top to bottom, and the tail end of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod being connected to the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat; the first pressure-stabilizing spring is located in the first pressure-stabilizing cavity, and between the bottom end of the first valve body and the pressure-stabilizing spring seat, and the first pressure-stabilizing spring passes through the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat.

[0016] Furthermore, a star-shaped retaining ring, a star-shaped sealing ring and a piston guide belt distributed from top to bottom are sleeved on the main body of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod; a first pressure-stabilizing guide belt and a first pressure-stabilizing sealing ring distributed from top to bottom are installed between the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat and the first pressure-stabilizing cavity; a first pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the pressure-stabilizing spring seat and the bottom wall of the first pressure-stabilizing cavity, and a second pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the pressure-stabilizing spring seat and the side wall of the first pressure-stabilizing cavity.

[0017] Furthermore, the first pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanism also includes an adjusting bolt and a steel ball. The adjusting bolt passes through the middle of the bottom end of the second valve body and is threadedly connected to it to abut against the pressure stabilizing spring seat; the steel ball is installed between the adjusting bolt and the pressure stabilizing spring seat.

[0018] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is that the compression amount of the spring can be changed by rotating the adjusting bolt, thereby changing the initial position of the pressure reducing column valve core rod in the Z direction.

[0019] Furthermore, the second pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism includes a pressure-reducing conical valve core rod, a pressure-stabilizing sealing base and a second pressure-stabilizing spring. The pressure-reducing conical valve core rod and the pressure-stabilizing sealing base are sequentially installed in the second pressure-stabilizing cavity from top to bottom, and the head of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod extends into the corresponding second gas flow channel; the second pressure-stabilizing spring is sleeved on the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod and is located between the step of the second pressure-stabilizing cavity and the step of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod.

[0020] Furthermore, a second pressure-stabilizing sealing ring and a second pressure-stabilizing guide belt are installed in sequence from top to bottom between the head of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity; a third pressure-stabilizing guide belt and a third pressure-stabilizing sealing ring are installed in sequence from top to bottom between the tail of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity; a third pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the side wall of the pressure-stabilizing seal base and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity, and a fourth pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the step of the pressure-stabilizing seal base and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity.

[0021] Furthermore, a plurality of the second pressure-stabilizing cavities and the first pressure-stabilizing cavities each have a gap for gas flow.

[0022] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is that the gas flow in the second valve body can be realized, thereby ensuring that the gas pressure in the second valve body is evenly distributed.

[0023] It can be seen from this that the present invention provides a multi-stage pressure reducing valve. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1) Multi-stage adjustable pressure reduction makes the pressure reduction effect obvious and the pressure reduction speed fast. In addition, the three pressure reduction pinhole sleeves reduce the flow rate of high-pressure supersonic gas, making the system more stable during the pressure reduction process;

[0025] 2) The pressure stabilization efficiency is high, and the pressure distribution inside the valve body is uniform, making the pressure stabilization effect more significant;

[0026] 3) The structure of pressure reduction and stabilization inside the valve body is symmetrical, and the flow path of the gas is symmetrical, so that the pressure inside the valve body is evenly distributed, achieving smooth and efficient pressure reduction of the valve body system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multi-stage pressure reducing valve provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 The accompanying drawing is a bottom view of a multi-stage pressure reducing valve provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 The attached picture is Figure 2 Middle AA section view;

[0031] Figure 4 The attached picture is Figure 2 Middle BB cross-section;

[0032] Figure 5 The attached picture is Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A;

[0033] Figure 6 The accompanying drawings are longitudinal cross-sectional views of three pressure-reducing pinhole sleeves provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 The accompanying drawings are cross-sectional views of three pressure-reducing pinhole sleeves provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the interior of the second valve body provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 The accompanying drawing is a cross-sectional view of the cooperation between the second pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanism and the second pressure stabilizing cavity provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 The accompanying drawing is a gas flow path diagram of a multi-stage pressure reducing valve provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 The accompanying drawing is a velocity cloud diagram of a multi-stage pressure reducing valve provided by the present invention at an inlet pressure of 35 MPa;

[0039] Figure 12 The accompanying drawing is a velocity cloud diagram of a multi-stage pressure reducing valve provided by the present invention at an inlet pressure of 70 MPa;

[0040] Figure 13 The accompanying drawing is a pressure cloud diagram of a multi-stage pressure reducing valve provided by the present invention at an inlet pressure of 35 MPa;

[0041] Figure 14 The accompanying drawing is a pressure cloud diagram of a multi-stage pressure reducing valve provided by the present invention when the inlet pressure is 70 MPa. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] like Figure 1-14 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a multi-stage pressure reducing valve, including an upper cover 1, a first valve body 2, a second valve body 3, a first pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanism 4, three pressure reducing pinhole sleeves 5 and a plurality of second pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanisms 6. The upper cover 1, the first valve body 2 and the second valve body 3 are sequentially connected together by screws 7. The upper cover 1 has an air inlet 11, the first valve body 2 has a pressure reducing cavity 21, the second valve body 3 has a first pressure stabilizing cavity 31 and a plurality of second pressure stabilizing cavities 32 uniformly distributed around the first pressure stabilizing cavity 31, the pressure reducing cavity 21 and the first pressure stabilizing cavity 31 are connected through a first gas flow channel 8 opened thereon, and the plurality of second pressure stabilizing cavities 32 are respectively connected to the decompression chamber 21 through multiple second gas flow channels 9 opened thereon, and each second pressure-stabilizing chamber 32 is provided with a gas outlet 321 connected to the corresponding second gas flow channel 9; the first decompression and pressure-stabilizing mechanism 4 is installed in the middle of the decompression chamber 21 and inside the first pressure-stabilizing chamber 31 and extends into the air inlet 11; 3 pressure-reducing pinhole sleeves 5 are installed in the decompression chamber 21 in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 4 is slidably connected to the pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 5 close to it; multiple second decompression and pressure-stabilizing mechanisms 6 are respectively installed in multiple second pressure-stabilizing chambers 32, and respectively extend into multiple second gas flow channels 9. The multi-stage pressure reduction and multi-stage pressure stabilization structures of the present invention are combined to form a multi-stage pressure reduction and pressure stabilization symmetrical structure as a whole. In this embodiment, there are 5 stages of pressure reduction and two stages of pressure stabilization, namely, the first pressure reducing and pressure stabilizing mechanism 4 reduces pressure, the three pressure reducing pinhole sleeves 5 reduce pressure, and the second pressure reducing and pressure stabilizing mechanism 6 reduces pressure. The first pressure reducing and pressure stabilizing mechanism 4 stabilizes pressure, and the second pressure reducing and pressure stabilizing mechanism 6 stabilizes pressure. There are multiple second pressure reducing and pressure stabilizing mechanisms 6, which can achieve obvious pressure reduction effect and dual stabilization of outlet pressure and flow. According to the velocity cloud map at the inlet pressure of 35MPa and 70MPa, it can be seen that the gas flow rate between the three pressure reducing pinhole sleeves 5 is relatively low. According to the pressure cloud map at the inlet pressure of 35MPa and 70MPa, it can be seen that the pressure of the final outlet is less than 0.5MPa.

[0044] In order to further optimize the technical effect of the present invention, the three pressure-reducing pinhole sleeves 5 are respectively a first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 51, a second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 52 and a third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 53 distributed in sequence from the inside to the outside. The first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 51 is provided with a plurality of first step holes 511, the second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 52 is provided with a plurality of second step holes 521, and the third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 53 is provided with a plurality of third step holes 531. Each first step hole 511, each second step hole 521 and each third step hole 531 includes an inner hole and an outer hole distributed from the inside to the outside, and the diameter of the inner hole is smaller than the diameter of the outer hole, which can enhance the pressure reduction effect.

[0045] Specifically, the first inner hole diameter of the first stepped hole 511 is 0.3 mm, and the first outer hole diameter of the first stepped hole 511 is 0.5 mm; the second inner hole diameter of the second stepped hole 521 is 0.6 mm, and the second outer hole diameter of the second stepped hole 521 is 0.8 mm; the third inner hole diameter of the third stepped hole 531 is 0.4 mm, and the third outer hole diameter of the third stepped hole 531 is 0.8 mm.

[0046] In order to further optimize the technical effect of the present invention, in the vertical direction, multiple first step holes 511 are all located in the middle of the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 51, multiple second step holes 521 are respectively located at both ends of the second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 52, and multiple third step holes 531 are all located in the middle of the third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 53; in the horizontal direction, multiple first step holes 511 are all located in the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 51Y direction, multiple second step holes 521 are all located in the second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 52X direction, and multiple third step holes 531 are all located in the third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 53Y direction, so that the hole wall forms a buffer for the high-pressure supersonic gas through the position distribution of each step hole, thereby reducing the flow velocity of the supersonic gas.

[0047] Specifically, the first pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanism 4 includes a pressure reducing column valve core rod 41, a pressure stabilizing valve core rod seat 42, a pressure stabilizing spring seat 43 and a first pressure stabilizing spring 44. The pressure reducing column valve core rod 41 is vertically installed in the middle of the pressure reducing cavity 21, and the head of the pressure reducing column valve core rod 41 extends into the air inlet 11. The tail end of the pressure reducing column valve core rod 41 passes through the first valve body 2 and extends into the first pressure stabilizing cavity 31. The main body of the pressure reducing column valve core rod 41 is close to the pressure reducing cavity 21. The pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 5 (the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 51) is slidingly connected; the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat 42 and the pressure-stabilizing spring seat 43 are installed in the first pressure-stabilizing cavity 31 from top to bottom, and the tail end of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod 41 is connected to the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat 42; the first pressure-stabilizing spring 44 is located in the first pressure-stabilizing cavity 31, and is located between the bottom end of the first valve body 2 and the pressure-stabilizing spring seat 43, and the first pressure-stabilizing spring 44 passes through the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat 42.

[0048] Specifically, a star-shaped retaining ring, a star-shaped sealing ring and a piston guide belt distributed from top to bottom are installed on the main body of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod 41; a first pressure-stabilizing guide belt and a first pressure-stabilizing sealing ring distributed from top to bottom are installed between the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat 42 and the first pressure-stabilizing cavity 31; a first pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the pressure-stabilizing spring seat 43 and the bottom wall of the first pressure-stabilizing cavity 31, and a second pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the pressure-stabilizing spring seat 43 and the side wall of the first pressure-stabilizing cavity 31.

[0049] In order to further optimize the beneficial effects of the present invention, the first pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism 4 also includes an adjusting bolt 45 and a steel ball 46. The adjusting bolt 45 passes through the middle of the bottom end of the second valve body 3 and is threadedly connected thereto to abut against the pressure-stabilizing spring seat 43; the steel ball 46 is installed between the adjusting bolt 45 and the pressure-stabilizing spring seat 43, so that the compression amount of the first pressure-stabilizing spring 44 can be changed by rotating the adjusting bolt 45, thereby changing the initial position of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod 41 in the Z direction.

[0050] Specifically, the second pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism 6 includes a pressure-reducing conical valve core rod 61, a pressure-stabilizing sealing base 62 and a second pressure-stabilizing spring 63. The pressure-reducing conical valve core rod 61 and the pressure-stabilizing sealing base 62 are installed in the second pressure-stabilizing cavity 32 from top to bottom, and the head of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod 61 extends into the corresponding second gas flow channel 9; the second pressure-stabilizing spring 63 is sleeved on the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod 61 and is located between the step of the second pressure-stabilizing cavity 32 and the step of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod 61.

[0051] Specifically, a second pressure-stabilizing sealing ring and a second pressure-stabilizing guide belt are installed in sequence from top to bottom between the head of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod 61 and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity 32; a third pressure-stabilizing guide belt and a third pressure-stabilizing sealing ring are installed in sequence from top to bottom between the tail of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod 61 and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity 32; a third pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the side wall of the pressure-stabilizing sealing base 62 and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity 32, and a fourth pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the step of the pressure-stabilizing sealing base 62 and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity 32.

[0052] In order to further optimize the beneficial effects of the present invention, a plurality of second pressure-stabilizing cavities 32 and the first pressure-stabilizing cavity 31 are provided with gaps 10 for gas flow, which can realize gas flow in the second valve body 3, thereby ensuring uniform distribution of air pressure in the second valve body 3.

[0053] In order to further optimize the beneficial effects of the present invention, a sealing gasket is installed between the first valve body 2 and the second valve body 3 to improve the sealing performance.

[0054] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0055] When high-pressure hydrogen is not introduced into the air inlet 11, the compression of the first pressure-stabilizing spring 44 can be varied by rotating the adjusting screw 45, thereby changing the initial Z-direction position of the pressure-reducing stud valve stem 41. When high-pressure gas is not introduced, the opening between the head of the pressure-reducing stud valve stem 41 and the air inlet 11 is maximized, the opening between the head of the pressure-reducing conical valve stem 61 and the second gas flow channel 9 is maximized, and the number of first stepped holes 511 of the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve 51 is maximized.

[0056] Pressure stabilization process: I is the first-level pressure stabilization path, II-2 is the second-level pressure stabilization path, and II-1 is the path for the gas to flow out after being decompressed at each level. The gas enters the decompression chamber 21 through the air inlet 11, and then enters the first pressure stabilization chamber 31 through the four first gas flow channels 8. The change in pressure causes the compression of the first pressure stabilization spring 44 to change, thereby changing the position of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod 41 to achieve the effect of pressure stabilization; the gas enters the second pressure stabilization chamber 32 through the second gas flow channel 9. The change in pressure causes the compression of the second pressure stabilization spring 63 to change, thereby changing the position of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod 61 to achieve the effect of pressure stabilization. In addition, since there are four second pressure-reducing and stabilizing mechanisms 6 and they are evenly distributed, the efficiency of pressure stabilization is improved, the pressure distribution inside the second valve body 3 is even, and the pressure stabilization effect is more significant. During this process, part of the gas in the second pressure stabilization chamber 32 flows out directly through the gas outlet 321.

[0057] Decompression process: by adjusting the position of the decompression column valve core rod 41 in the Z direction, the first stage decompression (the size of the opening between the head of the decompression column valve core rod 41 and the air inlet 11, the smaller the opening, the more obvious the decompression effect) and the second stage decompression (when the decompression column valve core rod 41 moves along the Z direction, the number of opening and closing of the first stepped holes 511 of the first decompression pinhole sleeve 51 will be changed, the smaller the number, the more obvious the decompression effect); the second decompression pinhole sleeve 52 and the third decompression pinhole sleeve 53 reduce pressure through their small hole throttling and decompression characteristics; by adjusting the position of the decompression conical valve core rod 61 in the Z direction, the size of the opening between the head of the decompression conical valve core rod 61 and the second gas flow channel 9 is changed to achieve adjustable pressure reduction.

[0058] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Reference can be made to the common and similar parts between the various embodiments. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method description.

[0059] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-stage pressure reducing valve, comprising an upper cover, a first valve body and a second valve body connected in sequence by screws, characterized in that: It also includes a first pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism, three pressure-reducing pinhole sleeves and multiple second pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanisms, the upper cover has an air inlet, the first valve body has a pressure-reducing cavity, the second valve body has a first pressure-stabilizing cavity and multiple second pressure-stabilizing cavities evenly distributed around the first pressure-stabilizing cavity, the pressure-reducing cavity and the first pressure-stabilizing cavity are connected through a first gas flow channel opened thereon, and multiple second pressure-stabilizing cavities are respectively connected to the pressure-reducing cavity through multiple second gas flow channels opened thereon, and each second pressure-stabilizing cavity is provided with a gas outlet connected to the corresponding second gas flow channel; the first pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism is installed in the middle of the pressure-reducing cavity and inside the first pressure-stabilizing cavity and extends into the air inlet; the three pressure-reducing pinhole sleeves are installed in the pressure-reducing cavity in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the first pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism is slidably connected to the pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve close to it; multiple second pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanisms are respectively installed in multiple second pressure-stabilizing cavities and extend into multiple second gas flow channels.

2. A multi-stage pressure reducing valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three pressure-reducing pinhole sleeves are respectively a first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, a second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve and a third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve distributed in sequence from the inside to the outside. The first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve is provided with a plurality of first step holes, the second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve is provided with a plurality of second step holes, and the third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve is provided with a plurality of third step holes, and each of the first step holes, each of the second step holes and each of the third step holes includes an inner hole and an outer hole distributed from the inside to the outside, and the diameter of the inner hole is smaller than the diameter of the outer hole.

3. A multi-stage pressure reducing valve according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first inner hole diameter of the first stepped hole is 0.3 mm, and the first outer hole diameter of the first stepped hole is 0.5 mm; the second inner hole diameter of the second stepped hole is 0.6 mm, and the second outer hole diameter of the second stepped hole is 0.8 mm; the third inner hole diameter of the third stepped hole is 0.4 mm, and the third outer hole diameter of the third stepped hole is 0.8 mm.

4. A multi-stage pressure reducing valve according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: In the vertical direction, multiple first stepped holes are all located in the middle of the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, multiple second stepped holes are respectively located at both ends of the second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, and multiple third stepped holes are all located in the middle of the third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve; in the horizontal direction, multiple first stepped holes are all located in the Y direction of the first pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, multiple second stepped holes are all located in the X direction of the second pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve, and multiple third stepped holes are all located in the Y direction of the third pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve.

5. The multi-stage pressure reducing valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism includes a pressure-reducing column valve core rod, a pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat, a pressure-stabilizing spring seat and a first pressure-stabilizing spring, the pressure-reducing column valve core rod being vertically installed in the middle of the pressure-reducing cavity, and the head of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod extending into the air inlet, the tail end of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod passing through the first valve body and extending into the first pressure-stabilizing cavity, the main body of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod being slidingly connected to the pressure-reducing pinhole sleeve close to it; the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat and the pressure-stabilizing spring seat being sequentially installed in the first pressure-stabilizing cavity from top to bottom, and the tail end of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod being connected to the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat; the first pressure-stabilizing spring is located in the first pressure-stabilizing cavity, and between the bottom end of the first valve body and the pressure-stabilizing spring seat, and the first pressure-stabilizing spring passes through the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat.

6. A multi-stage pressure reducing valve according to claim 5, characterized in that: A star-shaped retaining ring, a star-shaped sealing ring and a piston guide belt are installed on the main body of the pressure-reducing column valve core rod, which are distributed from top to bottom; a first pressure-stabilizing guide belt and a first pressure-stabilizing sealing ring are installed between the pressure-stabilizing valve core rod seat and the first pressure-stabilizing cavity; a first pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the pressure-stabilizing spring seat and the bottom wall of the first pressure-stabilizing cavity, and a second pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the pressure-stabilizing spring seat and the side wall of the first pressure-stabilizing cavity.

7. The multi-stage pressure reducing valve according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first pressure reducing and stabilizing mechanism also includes an adjusting bolt and a steel ball. The adjusting bolt passes through the middle of the bottom end of the second valve body and is threadedly connected thereto to abut against the pressure stabilizing spring seat; the steel ball is installed between the adjusting bolt and the pressure stabilizing spring seat.

8. The multi-stage pressure reducing valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing mechanism includes a pressure-reducing conical valve core rod, a pressure-stabilizing sealing base and a second pressure-stabilizing spring. The pressure-reducing conical valve core rod and the pressure-stabilizing sealing base are installed in the second pressure-stabilizing cavity from top to bottom, and the head of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod extends into the corresponding second gas flow channel; the second pressure-stabilizing spring is sleeved on the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod and is located between the step of the second pressure-stabilizing cavity and the step of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod.

9. The multi-stage pressure reducing valve according to claim 8, characterized in that: A second pressure-stabilizing sealing ring and a second pressure-stabilizing guide belt are installed in sequence from top to bottom between the head of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity; a third pressure-stabilizing guide belt and a third pressure-stabilizing sealing ring are installed in sequence from top to bottom between the tail of the pressure-reducing conical valve core rod and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity; a third pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the side wall of the pressure-stabilizing seal base and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity, and a fourth pressure-stabilizing O-ring is installed between the step of the pressure-stabilizing seal base and the second pressure-stabilizing cavity.

10. The multi-stage pressure reducing valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gap for gas flow is defined between each of the plurality of second pressure-stabilizing cavities and the first pressure-stabilizing cavities.

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