Soil erosion assessment method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a soil erosion assessment method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the coverage of soil of different surface types in a target region, and determining the soil erodibility coefficients of the soil of different surface types in the target region; target environment information of the target area is obtained, and bed surface shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress are determined according to the target environment information and the coverage degree; and determining the soil erosion rate of the target area according to the bed surface shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress and the soil erodibility coefficient. According to the embodiment of the invention, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil erosion assessment, and in particular to a soil erosion assessment method, a soil erosion assessment device, an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion is the process by which soil moves from one place to another under the influence of natural forces (such as wind, water, ice, etc.). It is a global environmental problem as it leads to loss of soil fertility, land degradation, water pollution, and ecosystem damage. There are two main types of soil erosion: wind erosion and water erosion.

[0003] Wind erosion is the process by which soil particles are transported and deposited by wind. Wind erosion mainly occurs in arid and semi-arid areas where there is less vegetation cover and the soil is easily eroded by wind. Factors affecting wind erosion include wind speed, soil particle size, soil moisture content, surface roughness, and vegetation cover.

[0004] Water erosion refers to the process by which soil particles are transported and deposited under the action of water flow. Water erosion can be further divided into surface erosion, gully erosion and riverbank erosion. Surface erosion refers to the erosion of soil by rainwater or runoff on flat ground, gully erosion refers to the erosion of gullies formed on slopes, and riverbank erosion refers to the erosion of river banks by rivers. Factors affecting water erosion include rainfall intensity, terrain slope, soil type, vegetation cover and land use patterns.

[0005] In order to more effectively reduce soil erosion, protect land resources, and maintain ecological balance, it is necessary to evaluate and analyze soil erosion in order to formulate a more reasonable governance plan. In practical applications, how to accurately analyze soil erosion has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the current field of ecological protection. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, a soil erosion assessment method, a soil erosion assessment device, an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium are proposed to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, including:

[0007] A soil erosion assessment method, the method comprising:

[0008] Obtaining the coverage of soil of different surface types in the target area, and determining the soil erodibility coefficient of soil of different surface types in the target area;

[0009] Acquiring target environmental information of the target area, and determining bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress according to the target environmental information and the coverage;

[0010] The soil erosion rate of the target area is determined according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0011] Optionally, obtaining the soil coverage of different surface types in the target area includes:

[0012] Obtain climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information;

[0013] The soil coverage of different surface types is predicted based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information.

[0014] Optionally, predicting soil coverage of different surface types according to the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information includes:

[0015] Predicting soil change information of different surface types based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information;

[0016] Based on the soil variation information of different surface types, the soil coverage of different surface types is predicted.

[0017] Optionally, determining the soil erodibility coefficient of soil of different surface types in the target area includes:

[0018] Obtain the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type;

[0019] The soil erodibility coefficient of each surface type of soil is calculated according to the soil gravel content, the silt content, the clay content, and the organic carbon content.

[0020] Optionally, the target area includes soil of a bare bed surface type, soil of a crusted surface type, and soil of a vegetated surface type, and determining the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion according to the target environmental information and the coverage degree includes:

[0021] Determine, according to the target environment information and the coverage, the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion corresponding to the soil of the bare bed surface type, the soil of the crusted surface type, and the soil of the vegetated surface type under the action of wind;

[0022] Furthermore, based on the target environmental information and the coverage, the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, the crusted surface type soil, and the vegetated surface type soil under the action of water flow are determined.

[0023] Optionally, the target environment information includes at least one of the following:

[0024] Wind speed information, water flow information.

[0025] Optionally, determining the soil erosion rate of the target area according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil includes:

[0026] Determine the soil erosion rate corresponding to soils of different surface types in the target area according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficient;

[0027] The soil erosion rate of the target area is calculated according to the soil erosion rate corresponding to each surface type of soil in the target area and the coverage of each surface type of soil.

[0028] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a soil erosion assessment device, the device comprising:

[0029] A first acquisition module is used to acquire the coverage of soils of different surface types in a target area, and determine the soil erodibility coefficients of soils of different surface types in the target area;

[0030] A second acquisition module is used to acquire target environmental information of the target area, and determine bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress according to the target environmental information and the coverage;

[0031] An evaluation module is used to determine the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0032] Optionally, the first acquisition module is used to acquire climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; and predict soil coverage of different surface types based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information.

[0033] Optionally, the first acquisition module is used to predict the change information of soil of different surface types based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information; and predict the coverage of soil of different surface types based on the change information of soil of different surface types.

[0034] Optionally, the first acquisition module is used to obtain the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type; and calculate the soil erodibility coefficient of the soil of each surface type based on the soil gravel content, the silt content, the clay content, and the organic carbon content.

[0035] Optionally, the target area includes bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil, and the second acquisition module is used to determine the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under wind action according to the target environmental information and the coverage; and to determine the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under water flow according to the target environmental information and the coverage.

[0036] Optionally, the target environment information includes at least one of the following:

[0037] Wind speed information, water flow information.

[0038] Optionally, the evaluation module is used to determine the soil erosion rates corresponding to soils of different surface types in the target area based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient; and calculate the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the soil erosion rates corresponding to soils of each surface type in the target area and the coverage of soils of each surface type.

[0039] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the computer program implements the above soil erosion assessment method when executed by the processor.

[0040] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the soil erosion assessment method as described above is implemented.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0042] In the embodiment of the present invention, the coverage of soil of different surface types in the target area is obtained, and the soil erodibility coefficient of soil of different surface types in the target area is determined; the target environmental information of the target area is obtained, and the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion are determined according to the target environmental information and the coverage; the soil erosion rate of the target area is determined according to the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient. Through the embodiment of the present invention, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.

[0044] Figure 1 is a flow chart of steps of a soil erosion assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 is a flow chart of steps of another soil erosion assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a soil erosion assessment device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 , shows a flow chart of a soil erosion assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0049] Step 101: Obtain the coverage of soils of different surface types in the target area, and determine the soil erodibility coefficients of soils of different surface types in the target area.

[0050] In some feasible embodiments, the target area may refer to an area where soil erosion needs to be analyzed; illustratively, the target area may be the Jinsha River Basin, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] In practical applications, the target area may include soils of different surface types. In order to more accurately analyze the soil erosion situation, the embodiment of the present invention can perform separate analyses on soils of different surface types and combine all the analysis results to obtain the soil erosion results of the target area.

[0052] Specifically, the coverage of soil of different surface types in the target area may be obtained first; wherein the coverage may refer to the coverage degree of soil of different surface types in the target area.

[0053] In some feasible embodiments, the soil erodibility coefficient corresponding to each type of soil in the target area can also be determined; wherein the soil erodibility coefficient is an important parameter for evaluating the sensitivity of soil to erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient reflects the ease with which soil erodes under specific conditions. The value of the soil erodibility coefficient depends on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, including:

[0054] Soil particle composition: the ratio of sand, silt, and clay. Soils with a higher clay content are generally more erodible because the clay particles are less tightly bound together.

[0055] Organic matter content: Organic matter can improve soil structure and increase soil aggregation, thereby reducing erodibility.

[0056] Soil structure: The size and stability of soil aggregates. Soils with good structure have low erodibility.

[0057] Soil Permeability: Soils with poor permeability are prone to runoff, increasing the potential for erosion.

[0058] Soil surface roughness: Soil with a rough surface can reduce runoff velocity and reduce erosion.

[0059] The soil erodibility coefficient is usually determined through laboratory tests or field tests, and can also be obtained by consulting existing soil databases and literature, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Step 102: Obtain target environmental information of the target area, and determine the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress based on the target environmental information and coverage.

[0061] In practical applications, the target environmental information of the target area can also be obtained, such as wind speed information, water flow information, etc. of the target area; then, the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress of soils of different surface types in the target area can be determined based on the target environmental information and the coverage of soils of different surface types.

[0062] Among them, bed shear stress and critical shear stress of soil erosion are two important concepts in hydraulics and soil erosion research. They describe the force of water flow on the soil surface and the ability of soil to resist erosion.

[0063] Bed shear stress refers to the tangential force of water flow or wind on the riverbed or soil surface. It is a manifestation of water kinetic energy or wind kinetic energy. The magnitude of bed shear stress depends on factors such as water flow / wind speed, water depth, and riverbed roughness.

[0064] The critical shear stress of soil erosion refers to the minimum bed shear stress required for soil particles to start moving. When the bed shear stress exceeds the critical shear stress of soil erosion, soil particles will be moved, resulting in erosion. The critical shear stress of soil erosion depends on the physical properties of the soil, such as particle size, shape, density, soil structure and organic matter content.

[0065] Step 103: Determine the soil erosion rate of the target area according to the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0066] After obtaining the bed shear stress and critical shear stress of soil erosion, the soil erosion rate of the target area can be determined based on the bed shear stress, critical shear stress of soil erosion, and soil erodibility coefficient; the soil erosion rate can refer to the amount of soil loss per unit time, usually in units of mass or volume, such as tons / hectare / year or cubic meters / hectare / year. The soil erosion rate is an important parameter for assessing the severity of soil erosion and formulating soil and water conservation measures.

[0067] After obtaining the soil erosion rate of the target area, it can be analyzed to formulate more appropriate measures to prevent soil erosion.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present invention, the coverage of soil of different surface types in the target area is obtained, and the soil erodibility coefficient of soil of different surface types in the target area is determined; the target environmental information of the target area is obtained, and the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion are determined according to the target environmental information and the coverage; the soil erosion rate of the target area is determined according to the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient. Through the embodiment of the present invention, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined.

[0069] Reference Figure 2 , shows a flow chart of another soil erosion assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0070] Step 201: Obtain climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information.

[0071] In some feasible embodiments, climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information may be obtained so as to predict soil coverage of different surface types based on the climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information.

[0072] Among them, climate information may include weather, temperature and other information in historical time periods and future time periods; human activity information includes the frequency of human activities in historical time periods and future time periods; geological disaster information includes the frequency and severity of geological disasters in historical time periods and future time periods; climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information can all have an impact on the soil, thereby changing the coverage of a surface type of soil in the target area.

[0073] Step 202: predict the soil coverage of different surface types based on climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information.

[0074] After obtaining climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information, the soil coverage of different surface types in the target area in the future time period can be predicted based on the climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present invention, step 202 may include the following sub-steps:

[0076] Sub-step 11: predicting soil change information of different surface types based on climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information.

[0077] In some feasible embodiments, the soil change information of different surface types can be predicted based on climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; for example, when there is more wind and rain, the vegetation surface will increase; when there is more human activity, the vegetation surface will decrease.

[0078] The change information may represent the change of the soil of the surface type, for example, an increase or decrease, an increase or decrease ratio, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] Sub-step 12: predicting the coverage of soils of different surface types based on the soil variation information of different surface types.

[0080] After determining the change information of the soil of different surface types, the coverage of the soil of different surface types can be predicted according to the change information of the soil of different surface types.

[0081] Step 203: Obtain the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type.

[0082] In some feasible embodiments, when determining the soil erodibility coefficient of each surface type of soil, the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type in the target area may be obtained.

[0083] Step 204: Calculate the soil erodibility coefficient of each surface type of soil according to the soil gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content.

[0084] Then, the soil erodibility coefficient corresponding to each surface type of soil in the target area can be calculated based on the soil gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content.

[0085] Step 205: Acquire target environment information of the target area.

[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention, the target environment information includes at least one of the following: wind speed information and water flow information.

[0087] In some feasible embodiments, when determining the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion, the target environment information of the target area can be obtained; illustratively, the target environment information of the corresponding areas of soil of different surface types in the target area can be collected and obtained, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.

[0088] Step 206: The target area includes soil of a bare bed surface type, soil of a crusted surface type, and soil of a vegetated surface type. According to the target environmental information and coverage, the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the soil of the bare bed surface type, soil of the crusted surface type, and soil of the vegetated surface type under the action of wind are determined.

[0089] In some feasible embodiments, the target area may include bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil; wherein, bare bed surface type soil may refer to the soil surface without vegetation coverage, and the soil is directly exposed to the outside; crusted surface type soil may refer to a thin, hardened layer of soil formed on the surface, usually composed of soil particles, organic matter and microorganisms, and the crust may be formed naturally or after human activities (such as farming); vegetated surface type soil may refer to a soil layer with vegetation on the surface.

[0090] In practical applications, the bed shear stress and critical shear stress of soil erosion corresponding to bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under the action of wind can be determined according to the target environmental information and coverage.

[0091] Step 207: Determine the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, the crusted surface type soil, and the vegetated surface type soil under the action of water flow according to the target environment information and coverage.

[0092] In addition, the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under the action of water flow can be determined based on the target environmental information and coverage.

[0093] Step 208: Determine the soil erosion rates corresponding to soils of different surface types in the target area according to the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0094] After determining the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion, the soil erosion rate corresponding to different surface types of soil in the target area can be determined based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0095] Step 209: Calculate the soil erosion rate of the target area according to the soil erosion rate corresponding to each surface type of soil in the target area and the coverage of each surface type of soil.

[0096] Then, the soil erosion rate of the target area can be calculated according to the soil erosion rate corresponding to each surface type of soil in the target area and the coverage of each surface type of soil.

[0097] In an embodiment of the present invention, climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information are obtained; the coverage of soils of different surface types is predicted based on the climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type are obtained; the soil erodibility coefficient of the soil of each surface type is calculated based on the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil; the target environment information of the target area is obtained; the target area includes soils of bare bed surface types, soils of crusted surface types, and soils of vegetated surface types, and the bare bed type of soil under the action of wind is determined based on the target environment information and coverage. The bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the soil of the surface type, the soil of the crust surface type, and the soil of the vegetation surface type are determined according to the target environment information and coverage. The bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the soil of the bare bed surface type, the soil of the crust surface type, and the soil of the vegetation surface type under the action of water flow are determined according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficient. The soil erosion rate corresponding to the soil of different surface types in the target area is determined; the soil erosion rate of the target area is calculated according to the soil erosion rate corresponding to the soil of each surface type in the target area and the coverage of the soil of each surface type. Through the embodiment of the present invention, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined.

[0098] The soil erosion assessment method is further described below by using a specific example:

[0099] Erosion is mainly caused by wind erosion and water erosion. The surface types of the target area (taking the lower reaches of the Jinsha River as an example, the target area will be referred to as the lower reaches of the Jinsha River in the future) are mainly divided into three categories: vegetation, crust and bare bed.

[0100] In any time period [0, T], the basic definition based on the erosion rate is:

[0101]

[0102] Where E R is the soil erosion rate in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, M tol is the total erosion amount in a time period of T, and S is the area of ​​the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.

[0103] The total erosion can be divided into three types. The sum of the surface erosion is:

[0104] M tol =M bar +M cr +M veg =E bar S bar T+E cr S cr T+E veg S veg T (2)

[0105] Where M bar represents the total amount of erosion on the bare bed surface in a time period of T, M cr M represents the total amount of erosion on the crust surface in a time period of T. veg It represents the total amount of erosion of the vegetation surface in a time period of T, E bar represents the erosion rate of the bare bed surface, E cr represents the erosion rate of the crusted surface, E veg represents the erosion rate of the vegetated surface, S bar represents the coverage area of ​​the bare bed surface, S cr represents the surface area covered by the crust, S veg Represents the vegetation surface coverage area. Combining equations (1) and (2), we can get:

[0106] E R =E bar φ bar +E cr φ cr +E veg φ veg (3)

[0107] Where φ bar ,φ cr ,φ vegRespectively represent the surface coverage of bare bed, crust and vegetation. And meet:

[0108] φ var +φ cr +φ veg =1 (4)

[0109] Due to climate change and human activities, the coverage of the three types of surfaces changes dynamically over time. For the vegetation surface, we predict the change of vegetation coverage by defining vegetation growth and mortality. We assume that the average coverage area of ​​a single plant in the area is S v , the mathematical definition of growth and mortality is:

[0110]

[0111] Where B v represents the vegetation birth rate, B s represents vegetation mortality, ΔN n , ΔN m △N n Indicates the number of new individuals of vegetation, △N m represents the number of newly dead individuals of vegetation. These physical quantities are closely related to climate factors, human activities and the frequency of large-scale geological disasters. Therefore, the vegetation population growth dynamics equation is:

[0112]

[0113] Simple assumption: B v =k v N.B s =k s N. Here k v , k s is a proportional coefficient, and this coefficient is also closely related to climate factors (rainfall frequency), human activities and the frequency of large-scale geological disasters (construction, earthquakes, mudslides, forest fires, etc.); N is the amount of vegetation.

[0114] Combining formula (5) and formula (6), we can get:

[0115]

[0116] To obtain the analytical form of equation (7), we consider the factor k v , k s With rainfall frequency P r 、Human activity frequency P h and the frequency of occurrence of large-scale geological disasters P gd Related, and consistent with the following expression:

[0117] k v ∝P r Ph p gd

[0118] k s ∝P h P gd (8)

[0119] The form of formula (8) shows that rainfall promotes vegetation growth, large-scale geological disasters cause vegetation death, and human activities may promote or inhibit vegetation growth. The positive or negative value of the proportional coefficient can be set according to the actual situation of the study area. In addition, a basic fact is that the rainfall frequency and human activity frequency in the time period [O, T] can be determined by the rainfall duration T r 、Human activity duration T h and geological disasters gd The duration is estimated as follows:

[0120]

[0121] The duration of rainfall and human activities can be determined based on the monitoring data of the hydrological and meteorological stations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River and the number and period of engineering projects in the area during this period. Large-scale geological disasters can be estimated based on the records of the local geological bureau. Combining equations (8) and (9) we can obtain:

[0122]

[0123] Where λ v , s are coefficients related to the vegetation change process. Combining equations (7) and (10), we can get:

[0124]

[0125] T=0,N=N0 (11)

[0126] The analytical expression of the dynamic change of vegetation quantity in equation (11) is obtained:

[0127]

[0128] Where N0 is the initial vegetation quantity.

[0129] Therefore, the vegetation coverage of the ground is:

[0130]

[0131] In the formula, the initial vegetation coverage φ v0 It can be determined through field vegetation surveys.

[0132] The presence of crusts can effectively protect the surface and prevent soil erosion. The present invention believes that although the expansion of vegetation will interact with the crust surface, due to the unique ecological effect of vegetation, it is considered here that in the area where vegetation expands and intersects with the crust surface, the effect of vegetation on erosion is dominant, and the impact of crusts is negligible. Following the vegetation dynamic model, it is also believed that rainfall promotes the growth of crusts, human activities promote or inhibit the growth of crusts, and natural disasters cause the death of crusts. Therefore, the coverage of the crust surface can be quantitatively expressed by imitating formula (13):

[0133]

[0134] Where λ acr , vcr is the coefficient related to the crusting process. Then the coverage of the bare bed surface is:

[0135] φ bar =1-φ cr -φ veg (15)

[0136] Equations (13), (14), and (15) can be used to quantitatively describe the surface types in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.

[0137] Since wind and water erosion involve complex two-phase flow dynamics, modeling from a physical perspective alone is not only cumbersome but also extremely difficult. In order to make the assessment method simple and applicable, we selected the recognized semi-empirical and semi-physical equations for soil and water loss to uniformly describe wind and water erosion. It only needs to adjust the model parameters to be applicable to multiple natural scenarios:

[0138] E ij =k ij (τ bij -τ cij ) (16)

[0139] Where the subscripts i and j represent the erosion type (wind, water) and the surface type, respectively; i is a for wind, i is w for water, j is v or veg for vegetated surface, j is b for bare bed, and j is c for crust. K ij represents the soil erodibility coefficient, which is closely related to soil texture and is considered to be constant over time. However, the overall formula (16) changes over time. bij represents the bed shear stress, τ cij Indicates the critical shear stress of soil erosion. In wind and water erosion, K ij Unified K r Characterization, soil erodibility coefficient K rIt can be estimated by the EPIC (Ecological Production through Intensive Cultivation) model:

[0140]

[0141] Where SAN represents the content of soil sand (0.05-2 mm), SIL represents the content of silt (0.002-0.05 mm), CLA represents the content of clay (<0.002 mm), and C represents the content of organic carbon.

[0142] The bed shear stress varies with the type of surface, but can be expressed uniformly by the following formula:

[0143]

[0144] Where ρ a represents the density of air, ρ w Density of water, u * is the friction wind speed / flow velocity.

[0145] For both bare bed and crusted surface, the wind field profiles can be expressed as follows:

[0146]

[0147] Where u a represents wind speed, δ is the bed surface roughness, d 50 is the median soil particle size, which can be obtained by field sampling, and κ is the Karman constant, which is 0.4. *ab , Frictional wind speed u on crusted surface *ac It can be estimated from meteorological monitoring data, and the estimation method is as follows:

[0148]

[0149] Where u1 is the wind speed at a certain height z1 observed by the meteorological tower.

[0150] For vegetated surfaces, the presence of vegetation resistance will significantly reduce wind speed and thus change the bed shear stress. Based on the resistance distribution principle, there are:

[0151] τ tol =(1-φ veg )τ bv +nτ v (twenty one)

[0152] In the formula, τ tol is the total shear stress of the bed surface, expressed as: τ bvis the vegetation surface shear stress, and n is the number of vegetation roots per unit area. v is the vegetation resistance, which is expressed as follows:

[0153]

[0154] Where S ws , represents the average lateral area of ​​a single plant, S vs represents the average vertical area, which can be obtained through field surveys, U v is the average wind speed inside the vegetation layer, C da is the air resistance coefficient. Combining equations (22) and (23), the bed shear stress of the vegetation surface can be obtained as:

[0155]

[0156] Wind speed u inside the vegetation layer veg Quantified by the formula proposed by Cionco (1983):

[0157]

[0158] In the formula, u hv is the wind speed at the height of vegetation, a is the wind speed reduction coefficient, the empirical value is 2.1-2.4, and the value in the model is 2.3. Therefore, the average wind speed inside the vegetation canopy is expressed as:

[0159]

[0160] The wind speed above the vegetation canopy follows the logarithmic law, that is:

[0161]

[0162] z`0 represents the zero wind speed plane displacement height, z 0v Represents the effective surface roughness. It is quantified using the empirical formula proposed by Stanhill (1969) and Tanner (1990), and is expressed as follows:

[0163] lgz′0=0.9791gh v -0.154

[0164] lgz 0v =0.9971gh v -0.883 (27)

[0165] Where h v It is the vegetation height, which can be obtained with the help of field vegetation surveys.

[0166] Then u hv Frictional wind speed u *av The relationship is:

[0167]

[0168] The combined formulas (18)-(28) can quantify the bed shear stress under wind action.

[0169] The bed shear stress of bare bed and crusted surface can be estimated by the following formula:

[0170] τ bwj =ρ w gh w J (29)

[0171] In the formula, h w is the average runoff depth in [0, T], and J is the ground slope of the rainfall area in [0, T]. Where J = tanθ, θ is the average ground elevation slope, which can be obtained based on geographic remote sensing images. The runoff depth can be calculated by the rainfall frequency n ra and the average rainfall intensity I r Make an estimate: h w =I r T r / n ra .

[0172] Shear stress of vegetation surface τ bwv It can be quantified based on the formula proposed by Lu (2021):

[0173]

[0174] Where U vw is the average velocity of vegetation water flow; C dw is the resistance coefficient, which is 1; D is the average root diameter of a single plant. The average flow velocity is simply quantified using the Manning formula:

[0175]

[0176] Among them, R υ is the hydraulic radius, g is the gravitational acceleration

[0177] The combined formulas (29)-(31) will quantify the bed shear stress during water erosion.

[0178] For bare bed and crusted surface, it is believed that the surface moisture content is an important factor affecting wind erosion. Here, the empirical formula proposed by Shao et al (1996) is used to express it:

[0179] u *cu =U *c exp(37.8u) (32)

[0180] Where w is the soil surface moisture content, u*c is the starting threshold of dry soil. It can be expressed by Baigno:

[0181]

[0182] Where A is an empirical coefficient, with a value range of 0.17-0.2. Therefore, the critical shear stress of soil erosion caused by surface wind erosion is:

[0183]

[0184] Among them, u* cwa is the wind erosion rate of bare bed or crusted surface; it can be obtained by formula (32);

[0185] τ ca,b / c It can be τ cab (critical shear stress of soil erosion due to wind erosion of bare bed) or τ cac (Critical shear stress of soil erosion on a crusted surface eroded by wind).

[0186] Formula (32) is applicable to the prediction of bare bed and crusted surface.

[0187] For vegetation surface. Critical starting wind speed u cυa The empirical formula given by Mu Qingsong (2007) of Lanzhou University is used to predict:

[0188]

[0189] Combining formula (28), the critical shear stress of soil erosion caused by wind erosion of vegetation surface can be obtained as:

[0190]

[0191] Among them, u *acυ is the wind erosion rate of vegetation surface;

[0192] The water erosion threshold of bare bed and crusted surface is expressed as follows based on the relevant research on the initiation of cohesive sediment:

[0193]

[0194] Where γ′ is the soil bulk density; τ cw，b / c It can be τ cwb (critical shear stress of soil erosion due to water erosion of bare bed) or τ cwc (Critical shear stress of soil erosion on crusted surfaces eroded by water).

[0195] For the critical shear stress of vegetation water erosion and soil erosion, we quantify it using the prediction formula proposed by Cheng et al. (2020):

[0196]

[0197] Among them, ρ s is the density of soil solid matter.

[0198] Combining equations (29) and (31), we can obtain the critical shear stress of soil erosion caused by vegetation water erosion:

[0199]

[0200] The erosion rate of bare bed, crust and vegetated surface can be expressed as:

[0201] E bar =K rb [(τ bab +τ bwb )-(τ cab +τ cwb )]

[0202] E cr =K rc [(τ bac +τ bwc )-(τ cac +τ cwc )]

[0203] E veg =K veg [(τ bav +τ bwv )-(τ cav +τ cwv )] (40)

[0204] Among them, τ caveg =τ cav ; τ cwveg =τ cwv ; τ baυ =τ bυ .

[0205] By coupling all the above formulas, the soil erosion rate in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River considering the comprehensive ecological-human-climate model can be obtained.

[0206] For the above examples, no complex numerical calculations are required, and quantitative evaluation can be achieved by simply substituting data. Moreover, physical quantities are easy to obtain, and the acquisition methods are simple and convenient. Geoscience parameters are all common physical quantities. Moreover, the calculation cost is low, and the parameterization scheme has a solid physical foundation.

[0207] The present invention comprehensively considers various types of surface (vegetation, crust and bare bed), gives an analytical expression of the surface cover changes in the Jinsha River region, and derives a parameterized scheme for soil erosion in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River from a physical perspective. For the present invention, a quantitative assessment of soil erosion in the Jinsha River region can be conducted based on field observations, sampling and data collection, the current ecological status of the region can be determined and corresponding protection measures can be formulated. A simple quantitative prediction of the future ecological situation of the Jinsha River can also be made.

[0208] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are described as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the embodiments of the present invention, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0209] Reference Figure 3 , shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a soil erosion assessment device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following modules:

[0210] The first acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the coverage of soil of different surface types in the target area and determine the soil erodibility coefficient of soil of different surface types in the target area;

[0211] The second acquisition module 302 is used to acquire target environmental information of the target area, and determine the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion according to the target environmental information and coverage;

[0212] The evaluation module 303 is used to determine the soil erosion rate of the target area according to the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0213] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the first acquisition module 301 is used to obtain climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; and predict the soil coverage of different surface types based on the climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information.

[0214] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the first acquisition module 301 is used to predict the change information of soil of different surface types based on climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; and predict the coverage of soil of different surface types based on the change information of soil of different surface types.

[0215] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the first acquisition module 301 is used to obtain the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type; based on the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil, the soil erodibility coefficient of each surface type is calculated.

[0216] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the target area includes bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil, and the second acquisition module 302 is used to determine the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under the action of wind according to the target environmental information and coverage; and to determine the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under the action of water flow according to the target environmental information and coverage.

[0217] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the target environment information includes at least one of the following:

[0218] Wind speed information, water flow information.

[0219] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the evaluation module 303 is used to determine the soil erosion rates corresponding to soils of different surface types in the target area based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient; and calculate the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the soil erosion rates corresponding to the soils of each surface type in the target area and the coverage of the soils of each surface type.

[0220] In the embodiment of the present invention, the coverage of soil of different surface types in the target area is obtained, and the soil erodibility coefficient of soil of different surface types in the target area is determined; the target environmental information of the target area is obtained, and the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion are determined according to the target environmental information and the coverage; the soil erosion rate of the target area is determined according to the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient. Through the embodiment of the present invention, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined.

[0221] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the above soil erosion assessment method is implemented.

[0222] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the soil erosion assessment method as described above is implemented.

[0223] As for the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0224] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0225] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, devices, or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0226] The embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0227] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0228] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable terminal device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process in the computer or other programmable terminal device. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0229] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0230] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0231] The above provides a detailed introduction to a soil erosion assessment method, a soil erosion assessment device, an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil erosion assessment method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtaining the coverage of soil of different surface types in the target area, and determining the soil erodibility coefficient of soil of different surface types in the target area; Acquiring target environmental information of the target area, and determining bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress according to the target environmental information and the coverage; The soil erosion rate of the target area is determined according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of obtaining soil coverage of different surface types in the target area includes: Obtain climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; The soil coverage of different surface types is predicted based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The predicting of soil coverage of different surface types according to the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information includes: Predicting soil change information of different surface types based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information; Based on the soil variation information of different surface types, the soil coverage of different surface types is predicted.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the soil erodibility coefficient of soil of different surface types in the target area includes: Obtain the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type; The soil erodibility coefficient of each surface type of soil is calculated according to the soil gravel content, the silt content, the clay content, and the organic carbon content.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The target area includes soil of a bare bed surface type, soil of a crusted surface type, and soil of a vegetated surface type. The determining of the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion according to the target environment information and the coverage degree includes: Determine, according to the target environment information and the coverage, the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress of soil erosion corresponding to the soil of the bare bed surface type, the soil of the crusted surface type, and the soil of the vegetated surface type under the action of wind; Furthermore, based on the target environmental information and the coverage, the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, the crusted surface type soil, and the vegetated surface type soil under the action of water flow are determined.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The target environment information includes at least one of the following: Wind speed information, water flow information.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of determining the soil erosion rate of the target area according to the bed surface shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil comprises: Determine the soil erosion rate corresponding to soils of different surface types in the target area according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficient; The soil erosion rate of the target area is calculated according to the soil erosion rate corresponding to each surface type of soil in the target area and the coverage of each surface type of soil.

8. A soil erosion assessment device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A first acquisition module is used to acquire the coverage of soils of different surface types in a target area, and determine the soil erodibility coefficients of soils of different surface types in the target area; A second acquisition module is used to acquire target environmental information of the target area, and determine bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress according to the target environmental information and the coverage; An evaluation module is used to determine the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The first acquisition module is used to acquire climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; and predict the soil coverage of different surface types based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that The first acquisition module is used to predict the change information of soil of different surface types based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information; and predict the coverage of soil of different surface types based on the change information of soil of different surface types.

11. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The first acquisition module is used to obtain the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type; and calculate the soil erodibility coefficient of the soil of each surface type based on the soil gravel content, the silt content, the clay content, and the organic carbon content.

12. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The target area includes soil of bare bed surface type, soil of crust surface type, and soil of vegetated surface type, The second acquisition module is used to determine the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, the crusted surface type soil, and the vegetated surface type soil under the action of wind according to the target environmental information and the coverage; and to determine the bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, the crusted surface type soil, and the vegetated surface type soil under the action of water flow according to the target environmental information and the coverage.

13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that The target environment information includes at least one of the following: Wind speed information, water flow information.

14. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein when the computer program is executed by the processor, the soil erosion assessment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the soil erosion assessment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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