An optoelectrothermal superhydrophobic composite film, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of anti-icing / de-icing technology, and specifically relates to a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film and its preparation method and application. The composite film includes a first polydimethylsiloxane base and an electrothermal base layer attached to the first polydimethylsiloxane base, and a photothermal super-hydrophobic coating is attached to the electrothermal base layer, and the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating is a mixed coating formed by depositing silicon dioxide and cobalt on the surface of the second polydimethylsiloxane base. According to the combination of the photothermal characteristics and the super-hydrophobic characteristics of the composite film, the anti-icing performance of the super-hydrophobic surface is further enhanced, and an aircraft ice control system is built based on the composite film. The present invention forms a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, the coating surface presents a micro-nanoscale rough structure, has super-hydrophobicity, can achieve passive anti-icing, and combines the photothermal characteristics with the super-hydrophobic characteristics, combines ice detection with active and passive anti-icing, makes anti-icing more efficient, reduces energy consumption and improves the stability of anti-icing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of anti-icing / de-icing technology, and in particular relates to a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Icing is one of the greatest potential threats to aircraft flight. Supercooled water droplets and ice crystals can easily form on aircraft wings while they are in the atmosphere. Icing on the wing surface alters the pressure distribution, reducing the lift-to-drag ratio, causing flutter, and impacting controllability. Therefore, real-time and accurate ice detection and de-icing are essential for the icing-prone leading edge of the wing.

[0003] Currently, there are seven methods used for ice detection on aircraft: intuitive method, resonance method, optical method, electrical method, thermal method, waveguide method, and hybrid method. The microwave resonant sensor developed by Golovin and Zarifi et al. detects icing by observing transient changes in parameters such as resonant frequency and resonant amplitude. Zhi et al. used capacitive sensors to study the process of surface icing under different relative humidity. Zhang et al. used fiber optic sensors to monitor the reflected light, scattered light, and diffuse light of ice in real time to detect surface ice thickness and ice growth rate, and accurately identify different ice types. The above scholars conducted research on surface icing conditions and did not incorporate anti-icing technology to solve the icing problem.

[0004] At the same time, to avoid the loss of aircraft performance caused by icing, engineers have developed a variety of anti-icing methods, including traditional active anti-icing technology and bionic anti-icing coating technology. Qin et al. developed a film based on MXene / CNT that combines hydrophobicity, dual-driven heating, and sensitivity. Superhydrophobic coatings can achieve passive anti-icing. Due to the excellent water repellency of the surface, it does not require external energy consumption. However, superhydrophobic coatings often melt after multiple freezing. The mechanical interlocking of ice within the rough structure increases adhesion, and extremely small droplets are pinned in the surface microstructure, destroying the surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, once it loses light, the melted water droplets will refreeze. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above issues, the present invention provides a photoelectric-thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, its preparation method, and its application. Furthermore, an aircraft ice control system based on the multi-layer functional composite film is constructed. This system monitors the icing environment in real time, detecting the icing state, ambient temperature and humidity, and automatically controls electric heating for de-icing. This makes de-icing more efficient, reduces energy consumption, and improves de-icing stability.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions.

[0007] The first object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, the composite film comprising a first polydimethylsiloxane substrate and an electrothermal base layer attached to the first polydimethylsiloxane base, and a photothermal super-hydrophobic coating is attached to the electrothermal base layer, the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating is a mixed coating formed by depositing silicon dioxide and cobalt on the surface of the second polydimethylsiloxane base, and the second polydimethylsiloxane base is attached to the electrothermal base layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the thickness of the first polydimethylsiloxane base is 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, the thickness of the electrothermal base layer is 0.04 mm to 0.06 mm, and the thickness of the photothermal superhydrophobic coating is 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the electric heating material used in the electric heating bottom layer is carbon nanotubes, graphene or MXene material.

[0010] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The first polydimethylsiloxane solution is coated on the aluminum alloy substrate and pre-cured for the first time to obtain the first polydimethylsiloxane base.

[0012] The electric heating bottom layer is adhered to the first polydimethylsiloxane base to obtain the carbon nanotube electric heating bottom layer adhered to the polydimethylsiloxane base.

[0013] A second polydimethylsiloxane solution is coated on the electrothermal base layer, pre-cured for a second time to form a second polydimethylsiloxane base, and then a silicon dioxide / cobalt mixed solution is evenly sprayed on the second polydimethylsiloxane base and cured to obtain a photothermal superhydrophobic coating.

[0014] After stripping the aluminum alloy substrate, a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film is prepared.

[0015] Furthermore, the silica / cobalt mixed solution is formed by mixing silica, cobalt and a dispersant in a mass ratio of 1:7.5 to 8.5:1, and the dispersant is anhydrous ethanol.

[0016] Furthermore, the silicon dioxide / cobalt mixed solution is sprayed on the second polydimethylsiloxane substrate at an angle of 45 degrees, and the curing temperature is 90° C. to 120° C., and the curing time is 8 min to 12 min.

[0017] Furthermore, the first polydimethylsiloxane solution and the second polydimethylsiloxane solution are both formed by mixing polydimethylsiloxane and a curing agent in a mass ratio of 9.5 to 10.5:1. The temperatures of the first pre-curing and the second pre-curing are both 60° C. to 80° C., and the curing time is both 8 min to 12 min.

[0018] The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film in an aircraft anti-icing control system.

[0019] Furthermore, the aircraft anti-icing control system includes: a capacitance sensing electrode, a temperature sensing electrode and a humidity sensing electrode are embedded in the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating of the photothermal super-hydrophobic composite film.

[0020] The anti-icing controller is used to detect the surface icing state of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film. The anti-icing controller includes an anti-icing controller single chip microcomputer, an icing sensor module, a temperature sensor module, a humidity sensor module, an electric heating deicing module, a data acquisition control circuit and an external server.

[0021] The electrical signal of the capacitance sensing electrode is connected to the ice sensing module, the electrical signal of the temperature sensing electrode is connected to the temperature sensing module, and the electrical signal of the humidity sensing electrode is connected to the humidity sensing module.

[0022] The icing sensor module, temperature sensor module and humidity sensor module are all connected to the anti-icing controller microcontroller through electrical signals. The anti-icing controller microcontroller is connected to the external server through the data acquisition connection line signal, which is used to detect the surface icing state of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film and transmit it to the external server. The external server signal is connected to the electric thermal deicing module, and the electric thermal deicing module signal is connected to the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic coating to heat the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film to prevent deicing.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) the present invention is attached with photothermal super-hydrophobic coating on electric heating bottom, forms photothermal super-hydrophobic composite film, under non-icing environment, anti-icing is carried out by the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating of film surface, super-hydrophobic coating can realize passive anti-icing, due to the excellent water repellency of surface, it is not necessary to consume external energy, but super-hydrophobic coating often destroys surface hydrophobicity due to repeatedly thawing after freezing, therefore adding photothermal performance can quickly increase the temperature of surface coating to evaporate the moisture in super-hydrophobic coating, and photothermal and hydrophobicity can effectively alleviate freezing time simultaneously.Wherein, photothermal super-hydrophobic coating is evenly sprayed on polydimethylsiloxane base with silicon dioxide and cobalt dispersion solution, by SiO2 modified Co particles are deposited on polydimethylsiloxane base surface, so that coating surface presents micro-nanoscale rough structure, droplet presents high contact angle on coating surface, with super-hydrophobicity, can slide down under its own gravity or slight external force, thus effectively preventing the occurrence of freezing behavior, embodying excellent super-hydrophobicity, enhancing light absorption and storage capacity.

[0025] (2) The present invention provides a multilayer composite film with ice detection, super-hydrophobic passive anti-icing, and electrothermal / photothermal active anti-icing and de-icing functions. By combining the photothermal property with the super-hydrophobic property, the anti-icing and de-icing performance of the photothermal super-hydrophobic surface can be further enhanced. An aircraft ice control system is built based on the multilayer functional film. When the ice detector detects the freezing point, the heating module is automatically turned on to energize and heat the carbon nanotube film. The system detects the freezing environment in real time, detects the freezing state, ambient temperature and humidity, and automatically controls the electric heating for anti-icing. This makes anti-icing more efficient, reduces energy consumption, and improves the stability of anti-icing. The entire composite film is a plane and flexible, and can be installed on any part of the aircraft without changing the aerodynamic shape of the aircraft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the preparation process of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a system process diagram of the aircraft anti-icing and de-icing control system of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 The surface morphology of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1 is shown. Figure 3 a to d are the microstructures of PCo-PCNT at scales of 100 μm, 50 μm, 10 μm and 1 μm, respectively; e to h are the microstructures of PCoSi-PCNT at scales of 100 μm, 50 μm, 10 μm and 1 μm, respectively.

[0029] Figure 4 This is the elemental EDS layered diagram of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is the elemental EDS layered diagram of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 Graph showing the hydrophobicity of the PDMS film of the present invention, Example 1, and Comparative Example 1.

[0032] Figure 7 Graphs showing the silver mirror phenomenon of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of the present invention's PDMS, Example 1, and Comparative Example 1.

[0033] Figure 8 Infrared imaging of the surface temperature rise of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite films of the present invention, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0034] Figure 9 Surface temperature rise and cooling curves of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite films of the present invention, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a curve showing the change of ice capacitance over time for the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of Example 1 of the present invention under different relative humidity environments, wherein: Figure 10 In figure a, the change curve is from 0s to 700s. The small figure in the lower left corner of figure a is the change curve from 0s to 50s. Figure b is the change curve from 30s to 100s. Figure c is the change curve from 330s to 470s.

[0036] Figure 11 The surface temperature rise curves of the deicing control electric heating system under different voltages are shown, where: Figure 11 In the figure, a is the temperature rise curve of the surface at 3.3V and 5V, b is the temperature rise curve of the surface when the output voltage is 3V when the icing condition is reached, and c is the curve when the surface temperature is controlled in the range of 42℃ to 55℃.

[0037] Figure 12 This is a test diagram of the anti-icing performance of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of the present invention, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, wherein: Figure 12 Figure a is a diagram of the freezing process of water droplets on PDMS, PCo-PCNT and PCoSi-PCNT, b is a diagram of electric heating anti-icing in Example 1, and c is the electric heating performance when the water droplets in Example 1 are completely frozen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that the professional terms used in the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the following embodiments of the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0040] Existing technologies, such as those developed by Qin et al., have developed thin films based on MXene / CNT that combine hydrophobicity, dual-driven heating, and sensitivity. Superhydrophobic coatings can achieve passive anti-icing, eliminating the need for external energy due to their excellent water repellency. However, superhydrophobic coatings often undergo repeated thawing after freezing. The mechanical interlocking of ice within the rough structure increases adhesion, and tiny droplets become pinned within the surface microstructure, destroying the surface's hydrophobicity. Furthermore, once sunlight is removed, the melted droplets will refreeze.

[0041] To address these challenges, the present invention provides a multilayer composite film with ice detection, super-hydrophobic passive anti-icing, and electrothermal / photothermal active anti-icing and de-icing functions. By combining photothermal and super-hydrophobic properties, the anti-icing performance of the super-hydrophobic surface can be further enhanced. Furthermore, an aircraft ice control system based on the multilayer functional film is constructed. This system monitors the icing environment in real time, detecting the icing state, ambient temperature and humidity, and automatically controls the electric heating for anti-icing. This makes anti-icing more efficient, reduces energy consumption, and improves the stability of anti-icing.

[0042] On the one hand, the present invention provides a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, which includes a first polydimethylsiloxane substrate and an electrothermal base layer attached to the first polydimethylsiloxane substrate, and a photothermal super-hydrophobic coating is attached to the electrothermal base layer, wherein the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating is a mixed coating formed by depositing silicon dioxide and cobalt on the surface of the second polydimethylsiloxane substrate, and the second polydimethylsiloxane substrate is attached to the electrothermal base layer.

[0043] The present invention is attached with photothermal super-hydrophobic coating on electric heating bottom, forms photothermal super-hydrophobic composite film, in unfrozen environment, anti-icing is carried out by the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating of film surface, super-hydrophobic water coating can realize passive anti-icing, due to the excellent water repellency of surface, it is not necessary to consume external energy, but super-hydrophobic coating often destroys surface hydrophobicity due to repeatedly thawing after freezing. Therefore, adding photothermal performance can quickly increase the temperature of surface coating to evaporate the water in super-hydrophobic coating, and photothermal and hydrophobic properties can effectively alleviate freezing time at the same time. When ice detector detects freezing point, heating module is automatically turned on, and electric heating bottom is energized to generate heat. In the composite film, electric heating bottom is used as anti-icing and can also be used as deicing. The whole composite film is a plane, and has flexibility, can be installed in any part of aircraft, and does not change the aerodynamic shape of aircraft.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, the thickness of the first polydimethylsiloxane base is 0.3mm~0.5mm, the thickness of the electrothermal bottom layer is 0.04mm~0.06mm, and the thickness of the photothermal super hydrophobic coating is 0.4mm~0.6mm. Wherein, the thickness change of the first polydimethylsiloxane base has almost no effect on the performance of the photoelectric thermal super hydrophobic composite film; The thickness of the electrothermal bottom layer can affect its electrical conductivity, and thicker films usually have better electrical conductivity, because when the thickness increases, the conductive path between the electrothermal bottom layers increases, and electrons can flow more easily, however, too thick a film may cause defects in the conductive path to increase, thereby reducing conductivity. Therefore, the thickness of the electrothermal bottom layer is selected to be 0.04mm~0.06mm; Photothermal super hydrophobic coating, as the thickness increases, the mechanical strength of the coating will increase, but being too thick will affect toughness, so the photothermal super hydrophobic coating thickness is selected to be 0.4mm~0.6mm.

[0045] In some specific embodiments, the electric heating base layer is made of carbon nanotubes, graphene, or MXene. Compared to the copper foil commonly used in traditional aircraft electric heating, carbon nanotube films have lower electrical conductivity than pure copper foil, resulting in higher resistivity. Furthermore, the electric heating base layer is preferably made of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotube films are thinner and denser, saving space and reducing structural mass in electric heating anti-icing systems.

[0046] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1. Coating a first polydimethylsiloxane solution on a substrate and performing a first pre-curing process to obtain a first polydimethylsiloxane base.

[0048] S2. Adhere the electric heating bottom layer onto the first polydimethylsiloxane base to obtain the carbon nanotube electric heating bottom layer attached to the polydimethylsiloxane base.

[0049] S3. Coating a second polydimethylsiloxane solution on the carbon nanotube electrothermal bottom layer, pre-curing for a second time to form a second polydimethylsiloxane base, and then evenly spraying the silicon dioxide / cobalt mixed solution on the second polydimethylsiloxane base, curing to obtain a photothermal superhydrophobic coating.

[0050] S4. After peeling off the aluminum alloy substrate, the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film is prepared.

[0051] Among them, the photothermal superhydrophobic coating (PCoSi-PCNT) is evenly sprayed on the second polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with a silica and cobalt dispersion solution, and the SiO2-modified Co particles are deposited on the PDMS surface, so that the coating surface presents a micro-nanoscale rough structure, and the droplets present a high contact angle on the coating surface, with superhydrophobicity, which can slide down under its own gravity or a slight external force, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of freezing behavior, reflecting excellent superhydrophobicity, and the Co particles have a photothermal effect. Therefore, there is no limit on the thickness of the second polydimethylsiloxane substrate. It only needs to be able to attach SiO2-modified Co particles, so that the coating surface presents a micro-nanoscale rough structure, with superhydrophobicity, which can slide down under its own gravity or a slight external force, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of freezing behavior. At an ambient temperature of -15°C, a 30μl droplet completely freezes in 563s, greatly delaying the freezing time. Under simulated sunlight (100mW / cm 2 ), with surface temperatures reaching 67.3°C. Furthermore, the PCoSi-PCNT surface features a rough, pitted structure, enhancing its ability to absorb and store light. This not only highlights the PCoSi-PCNT's superior photothermal performance but also reduces energy consumption in aircraft ice control systems.

[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the silica / cobalt mixed solution is formed by mixing silica, cobalt and ethanol in a mass ratio of 1:7.5 to 8.5:1, and the dispersant is anhydrous ethanol.

[0053] In some embodiments, the silicon dioxide / cobalt mixed solution is sprayed onto the polydimethylsiloxane at a 45° angle, with a curing temperature of 90°C to 120°C and a curing time of 8 to 12 minutes. The 45° angle is used to ensure a more uniform spraying of the mixed solution.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first and second polydimethylsiloxane solutions are each formed by mixing polydimethylsiloxane and a curing agent in a mass ratio of 9.5 to 10.5:1. The first and second pre-curing processes are performed at temperatures of 60°C to 80°C, and for a curing time of 8 to 12 minutes. The curing agent is a conventional raw material for catalyzing the curing of polydimethylsiloxane, specifically a platinum catalyst.

[0055] In addition, the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film in an aircraft anti-icing and de-icing control system. The present invention is based on the design and research of an aircraft ice control system with a multi-layer functional film, designs an aircraft ice control system, constructs an integrated ice detection and anti-icing device, studies and analyzes the anti-icing and de-icing performance of the aircraft ice control system, and in some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the aircraft anti-icing control system includes:

[0056] The photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film has a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic coating layer embedded with a capacitance sensing electrode, a temperature sensing electrode and a humidity sensing electrode.

[0057] The anti-icing controller is used to detect the surface icing state of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film. The anti-icing controller includes an anti-icing controller single chip microcomputer, an icing sensor module, a temperature sensor module, a humidity sensor module, an electric heating deicing module, a data acquisition control circuit and an external server.

[0058] The electrical signal of the capacitance sensing electrode is connected to the ice sensing module, the electrical signal of the temperature sensing electrode is connected to the temperature sensing module, and the electrical signal of the humidity sensing electrode is connected to the humidity sensing module.

[0059] The icing sensor module, temperature sensor module and humidity sensor module are all connected to the anti-icing controller microcontroller through electrical signals. The anti-icing controller microcontroller is connected to the external server through the data acquisition connection line signal, which is used to detect the surface icing state of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film and transmit it to the external server. The external server signal is connected to the electric thermal deicing module, and the electric thermal deicing module signal is connected to the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic coating to heat the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film to prevent deicing.

[0060] The electric heating system in the anti-icing controller automatically operates, outputting a 3.3V heating voltage. The surface temperature of the PCoSi-PCNT rises from 0°C to 120°C in just 57 seconds. While the anti-icing controller is operating, the surface temperature remains stable between 42°C and 55°C. The anti-icing controller accurately detects changes in capacitance as water droplets freeze on the surface and activates the electric heating system in real time. While the electric heating system is operating, the surface temperature remains consistently between 42°C and 55°C, achieving low energy consumption and high anti-icing efficiency.

[0061] The following is further described through specific examples.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] A method for preparing a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0064] S1. The aluminum alloy plate was polished with sandpaper and then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes to remove surface contaminants. The plate was then rinsed with anhydrous ethanol and finally dried in a nitrogen stream to obtain an aluminum alloy substrate.

[0065] S2. Mix polydimethylsiloxane and curing agent in a mass ratio of 10:1 and add 50 ml of ethyl acetate and stir evenly to form a first polydimethylsiloxane solution. Use a glass rod to evenly spread PDMS on the aluminum alloy plate, place it in a vacuum drying oven, and pre-cure it for the first time at 60°C for 10 minutes to obtain a first polydimethylsiloxane base. The thickness of the first polydimethylsiloxane base is 0.4 mm.

[0066] S3. Adhere a carbon nanotube film layer onto the first polydimethylsiloxane base, wherein the thickness of the carbon nanotube film layer is 0.05 mm, to obtain a carbon nanotube electric heating base layer attached to the first polydimethylsiloxane base.

[0067] S4. Mix the first polydimethylsiloxane and the curing agent in a mass ratio of 10:1 and add 50 ml of ethyl acetate and stir evenly to form a second polydimethylsiloxane solution. Coat the second polydimethylsiloxane solution on the carbon nanotube electric heating bottom layer, place it in a vacuum drying oven, and pre-cure it for a second time at 60°C for 10 minutes to form a second polydimethylsiloxane matrix. Mix silica, cobalt and anhydrous ethanol in a ratio of 1:8:1, stir with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes, use a 0.3 mm caliber spray gun at a 45° angle to the aluminum alloy plate, and evenly spray the solution on the second polydimethylsiloxane matrix. Place it in a vacuum drying oven and cure it at 100°C for 10 minutes to obtain a photothermal super hydrophobic coating. The thickness of the photothermal super hydrophobic coating is 0.5 mm.

[0068] S5. After peeling off the aluminum alloy substrate, a photoelectric thermal superhydrophobic composite film is prepared, which is named PCoSi-PCNT.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] A method for preparing a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0071] S1. The aluminum alloy plate was polished with sandpaper and then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes to remove surface contaminants. The plate was then rinsed with anhydrous ethanol and finally dried in a nitrogen stream to obtain an aluminum alloy substrate.

[0072] S2. Mix polydimethylsiloxane and curing agent in a mass ratio of 10.5:1 and add 50 ml of ethyl acetate and stir evenly to form a first polydimethylsiloxane solution. Use a glass rod to evenly spread PDMS on the aluminum alloy plate, place it in a vacuum drying oven, and pre-cure it for the first time at 60°C for 10 minutes to obtain a first polydimethylsiloxane base. The thickness of the first polydimethylsiloxane base is 0.5 mm.

[0073] S3. Adhere a carbon nanotube film layer onto the first polydimethylsiloxane base, wherein the thickness of the carbon nanotube film layer is 0.06 mm, to obtain a carbon nanotube electric heating base layer attached to the first polydimethylsiloxane base.

[0074] S4. Mix the first polydimethylsiloxane and the curing agent in a mass ratio of 10:1 and add 50 ml of ethyl acetate and stir evenly to form a second polydimethylsiloxane solution. Coat the second polydimethylsiloxane solution on the carbon nanotube electric heating base layer, place it in a vacuum drying oven, and pre-cure it for a second time at 60°C for 10 minutes to form a second polydimethylsiloxane base. Mix silica, cobalt and anhydrous ethanol in a ratio of 1:8.5:1, stir it with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes, use a 0.3 mm caliber spray gun to form a 45° angle with the aluminum alloy plate, and evenly spray the solution on the second polydimethylsiloxane base. Place it in a vacuum drying oven and cure it at 100°C for 10 minutes to obtain a photothermal super hydrophobic coating. The thickness of the photothermal super hydrophobic coating is 0.6 mm.

[0075] S5. After peeling off the aluminum alloy substrate, a photoelectric thermal superhydrophobic composite film is prepared, which is named PCoSi-PCNT.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] A method for preparing a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0078] S1. The aluminum alloy plate was polished with sandpaper and then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes to remove surface contaminants. The plate was then rinsed with anhydrous ethanol and finally dried in a nitrogen stream to obtain an aluminum alloy substrate.

[0079] S2. Mix the first polydimethylsiloxane and the curing agent in a mass ratio of 9.5:1 and add 50 ml of ethyl acetate and stir evenly to form a first polydimethylsiloxane solution. Use a glass rod to evenly spread the PDMS on the aluminum alloy plate, place it in a vacuum drying oven, and pre-cure it for the first time at 60°C for 10 minutes to obtain a first polydimethylsiloxane base. The thickness of the first polydimethylsiloxane base is 0.3 mm.

[0080] S3. Adhere a carbon nanotube film layer onto the first polydimethylsiloxane base, wherein the thickness of the carbon nanotube film layer is 0.04 mm, to obtain a carbon nanotube electric heating base layer attached to the first polydimethylsiloxane base.

[0081] S4. Mix the first polydimethylsiloxane and the curing agent in a mass ratio of 10:1 and add 50 ml of ethyl acetate and stir evenly to form a second polydimethylsiloxane solution. Coat the second polydimethylsiloxane solution on the carbon nanotube electric heating base layer, place it in a vacuum drying oven, and pre-cure it for a second time at 60°C for 10 minutes. Mix silica, cobalt and anhydrous ethanol in a ratio of 1:7.5:1, stir it with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes, use a 0.3 mm caliber spray gun to form a 45° angle with the aluminum alloy plate, and evenly spray the solution on the second polydimethylsiloxane base layer. Place it in a vacuum drying oven and cure it at 100°C for 10 minutes to obtain a photothermal superhydrophobic coating. The thickness of the photothermal superhydrophobic coating is 0.4 mm.

[0082] S5. After peeling off the aluminum alloy substrate, a photoelectric thermal superhydrophobic composite film is prepared, which is named PCoSi-PCNT.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] A method for preparing a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film comprises the following steps:

[0085] S1. The aluminum alloy plate was polished with sandpaper and then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes to remove surface contaminants. The plate was then rinsed with anhydrous ethanol and finally dried in a nitrogen stream to obtain an aluminum alloy substrate.

[0086] S2. Mix polydimethylsiloxane and curing agent in a mass ratio of 10:1 and add 50 ml of ethyl acetate and stir evenly to form a first polydimethylsiloxane solution. Use a glass rod to evenly spread PDMS on the aluminum alloy plate, place it in a vacuum drying oven, and pre-cure it for the first time at 60°C for 10 minutes to obtain a first polydimethylsiloxane base. The thickness of the first polydimethylsiloxane base is 0.4 mm.

[0087] S3. Adhere a carbon nanotube film layer on the polydimethylsiloxane base, wherein the thickness of the carbon nanotube film layer is 0.05 mm, to obtain a carbon nanotube electric heating base layer attached to the polydimethylsiloxane base.

[0088] S4. Mix the first polydimethylsiloxane and the curing agent in a mass ratio of 10:1 and add 50 ml of ethyl acetate and stir evenly to form a second polydimethylsiloxane solution. Coat the second polydimethylsiloxane solution on the carbon nanotube electric heating base layer, place it in a vacuum drying oven, and pre-cure it for a second time at 60°C for 10 minutes to form a second polydimethylsiloxane base. Mix cobalt and anhydrous ethanol in a ratio of 8:1, stir with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes, use a 0.3 mm caliber spray gun at a 45° angle to the aluminum alloy plate, and evenly spray the solution on the second polydimethylsiloxane base. Place it in a vacuum drying oven and cure it at 100°C for 10 minutes to obtain a photothermal super hydrophobic coating. The thickness of the photothermal super hydrophobic coating is 0.5 mm.

[0089] S5. After peeling off the aluminum alloy substrate, a photoelectric thermal superhydrophobic composite film is prepared, which is named PCo-PCNT.

[0090] The morphology and structure of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite films prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were tested, and the results are as follows:

[0091] Among them, focused ion beam scanning electron microscope FIB-SEM (Zeiss Crossbeam 350) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to characterize the micromorphology and detect trace elements.

[0092] The contact angle and rolling angle of the coating surface were tested using a contact angle meter (GYJJ-12). A 5 μL droplet was used for measurement. Five different locations were tested and the average value was taken. The coating was then placed in water to observe the silver mirror phenomenon.

[0093] The coating surface was observed using an infrared imager (FLIR-T650sc) under a sun illumination of 100 mW / cm 2 The ambient temperature was maintained at 27°C and the relative humidity was maintained at 40% ± 1%.

[0094] Figure 3 The surface morphology of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1 is shown. Figure 3 a to d in the figure are the microstructures of PCo-PCNT at 100μm, 50μm, 10μm and 1μm scales, and e to h are the microstructures of PCoSi-PCNT at 100μm, 50μm, 10μm and 1μm scales, respectively. Figure 3 As shown, compared Figure 3a and Figure 3 In the figure, PCoSi-PCNT is rougher and darker than PCo-PCNT. Figure 3 The morphology of b in the figure shows that the surface of PCo-PCNT is densely covered with rough particles, which reduces the contact between water droplets and the coating surface and shows a certain degree of hydrophobicity; while the particles of PCoSi-PCNT are finer, which can be attributed to the fact that the addition of SiO2 further increases the roughness of its surface, thereby helping to improve the hydrophobicity. Figure 3 c and Figure 3 In the morphology of g, PCoSi-PCNT presents a deeper pit structure compared to PCo-PCNT, and light can be refracted multiple times inside the pit, thereby optimizing the light storage effect. Figure 3 d and Figure 3 Further magnification of PCoSi-PCNT and PCo-PCNT particles is shown in the h-morphology. It is clear that the PCoSi-PCNT surface is densely packed with particles of varying sizes, exhibiting a micro-nanoscale roughness and enhanced hydrophobicity. These characterization results reveal differences in the surface properties of PCoSi-PCNT compared to PCo-PCNT at different scales.

[0095] Figure 4 This is the elemental EDS layered diagram of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 5 This is the element EDS layered diagram of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown in the figure, elemental analysis reveals the distribution of C, O, Co, and Si in different colors at 100 μm for PCo-PCNT and PCoSi-PCNT, respectively. In the PCo-PCNT coating, C, O, and Co are the primary elements, evenly distributed across the surface. In PDMS, however, the distribution of C and O is interlaced. PDMS consists of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, forming silicon-oxygen bonds. Each silicon atom is bounded by two methyl groups. Therefore, in PDMS, the methyl groups of C are distributed around Si-O chains, while O is primarily present within Si-O bonds. Overall, the chemical structure of PDMS shows an interlaced distribution of C and O. Therefore, C and O account for 14.7% and 4.7% of the coating, respectively, with Co making up the remaining 80.5%. This indicates that Co is the primary elemental component and densely distributed in the PCo-PCNT coating. Because the Co sprayed onto the coating surface creates a certain degree of roughness, Co contributes to its hydrophobicity. The PCoSi-PCNT coating is uniformly distributed with four main elements: C, O, Co, and Si, accounting for 27.3%, 18.2%, 45.3%, and 9.2%, respectively. The introduction of SiO2 reduced the relative content of Co on the PCoSi-PCNT surface, while increasing the relative contents of C, O, and Si. This indicates that the SiO2-modified Co particles were successfully deposited on the PDMS surface, making the coating surface rougher than that of the PCo-PCNT. Liquid droplets exhibited a high contact angle on the coating, allowing them to slide under their own gravity or slight external forces, effectively preventing freezing and demonstrating excellent superhydrophobicity.

[0096] A 20 mm × 20 mm area was taken from each of the PDMS, PCo-PCNT, and PCoSi-PCNT coating surfaces for contact angle measurement. Figure 6 The hydrophobicity diagram of the photoelectric thermal super hydrophobic composite film of the present invention PDMS, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is shown. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the hydrophobicity of PDMS, PCo-PCNT and PCoSi-PCNT increases in turn, among which PCoSi-PCNT exhibits excellent hydrophobic performance, with a contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA) of 157° and 3°, respectively.

[0097] The above SEM morphology analysis shows that the introduction of SiO2 significantly increases the roughness of the micro-nanostructure, thereby effectively improving the hydrophobicity of the coating. The three samples were placed in water for comparative observation. Figure 7 This is a graph showing the silver mirror phenomenon of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of the present invention's PDMS, Example 1, and Comparative Example 1. Figure 7As shown, PDMS shows no significant changes. The Co in PCo-PCNT is inherently hydrophobic, resulting in a large number of bubbles on the surface. PCoSi-PCNT exhibits a silver mirror sheen, a result of the hydrophobic surface trapping air bubbles, which results in a large number of bubbles adhering to the surface. Stronger hydrophobicity increases the ability to capture bubbles. When a surface reaches superhydrophobicity, bubbles cover the entire coating surface, reflecting light and creating a silver mirror sheen. This further demonstrates that PCoSi-PCNT is the most hydrophobic, followed by PCo-PCNT, and PDMS is the least hydrophobic.

[0098] Under the condition of maintaining the room temperature at about 27℃, PDMS, PCo-PCNT and PCoSi-PCNT were taken in 20mm×20mm sizes and placed on the self-built insulation foam. The light simulation lamp was turned on and the light intensity was 100mW / cm 2 , use an infrared camera to observe the temperature rise of the surface, take data every 12 seconds, and the results are as follows Figure 8 shown. Figure 8 The infrared imaging diagram of the surface temperature rise of the photoelectric thermal super hydrophobic composite film of the present invention PDMS, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, after 8 minutes of illumination, the surface temperature of the PDMS coating was only 38.2°C, while the cobalt in the PCo-PCNT and PCoSi-PCNT coatings had a photothermal effect, and the surface temperatures reached 58.5°C and 67.3°C, respectively.

[0099] Figure 9 The surface temperature rise and cooling curves of the PDMS, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 photoelectric thermal super hydrophobic composite film of the present invention are shown in FIG. Figure 9 As shown in the figure, after the illumination simulation lamp was turned off at the 8th minute, the PDMS surface temperature dropped rapidly, decreasing by 7.8°C in 12 seconds and reaching room temperature (27°C) after 60 seconds. The PCo-PCNT temperature dropped the second fastest, decreasing by 2.2°C in 12 seconds and reaching room temperature (27°C) after 156 seconds. The PCoSi-PCNT temperature dropped the slowest, decreasing by 0.5°C in 12 seconds and reaching room temperature (27.4°C) after 192 seconds.

[0100] The photoelectric thermal super hydrophobic composite film prepared in Example 1 is used in an aircraft anti-icing control system. Figure 2As shown, the aircraft anti-icing control system includes: a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, in which the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic coating of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film is embedded with a capacitive sensing electrode, a temperature sensing electrode and a humidity sensing electrode; an anti-icing controller for detecting the surface icing state of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, the anti-icing controller includes an anti-icing controller single chip microcomputer (MCU), an icing sensor module, a temperature sensor module, a humidity sensor module, an electric thermal deicing module, a data acquisition control circuit and an external server; the electrical signal of the capacitive sensing electrode is connected to the icing sensor module, and the The temperature sensing electrode electrical signal is connected to the temperature sensing module, and the humidity sensing electrode electrical signal is connected to the humidity sensing module; the ice sensing module, the temperature sensing module and the humidity sensing module are all electrically connected to the anti-icing controller microcontroller, and the anti-icing controller microcontroller is connected to the external server through the data acquisition connection line signal, which is used to detect the surface icing state of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film and transmit it to the external server. The external server signal is connected to the electric thermal deicing module, and the electric thermal deicing module signal is connected to the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic coating to heat the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film to prevent deicing.

[0101] Among them, the capacitive sensing electrode, temperature sensing electrode and humidity sensing electrode are embedded in the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating surface of the photothermal super-hydrophobic composite film, and the wire interface is led out with conductive silver glue; finally, it is placed in a vacuum drying oven for curing for 120 minutes at a curing temperature of 150°C. After curing is completed, it is naturally cooled at room temperature.

[0102] The capacitive sensing electrode is an interdigitated comb electrode, model FDC2214, with an electrode thickness of 0.02 mm and a distance of 100 μm between adjacent pairs of comb electrodes. There are a total of 10 pairs of interdigitated comb electrodes, which communicate with the main control chip through the IC protocol and cooperate with the interdigitated comb electrodes to monitor capacitance changes during the freezing process.

[0103] The model of the temperature sensing electrode is PT-100, the temperature sensing module is the temperature measurement chip MAX31865, and the SPI protocol is used to monitor the experimental environment temperature through the temperature sensing electrode.

[0104] The humidity sensor electrode model is HR202L. The humidity sensor module is the humidity measurement chip HTU21D, which monitors humidity through the humidity sensor electrode via the I2C protocol.

[0105] The capacitive, temperature, and humidity sensing electrodes embedded in the photoelectric, thermal, and super-hydrophobic composite film are connected via wires to the corresponding icing, temperature, and humidity sensing modules, respectively. These components are then connected to the anti-icing controller microcontroller via wires. The anti-icing controller microcontroller interacts with each module to obtain various parameters of the multilayer functional film surface, thereby determining the icing situation. This information is then transmitted to an external server, which receives data from the anti-icing controller microcontroller and communicates via a serial port, offering strong anti-interference capabilities and high reliability. The external server signals are then connected to the electrothermal deicing module, which heats the photoelectric, thermal, and super-hydrophobic composite film to prevent icing. The anti-icing controller monitors changes in capacitance and automatically activates the heating module, ensuring that the multilayer film surface remains at its optimal operating temperature of 42°C to 55°C at varying humidity levels. Because the anti-icing controller has a low total power consumption, the external server provides a 5V DC power supply, which is then converted to 3.3V by the power module to power the entire anti-icing controller.

[0106] The unique arrangement of protons in ice crystals allows the ice molecules to reorient under the influence of an applied electric field, leading to polarization and a change in the dielectric properties of ice. Studies of the dielectric constants of water and ice have shown a significant difference between them. This change in properties can be reflected macroscopically as a change in dielectric capacitance, which can be detected and distinguished between water and ice.

[0107] Given a fixed sensing electrode structure, capacitance is closely related to the material's relative static dielectric constant. As water gradually transforms into ice, the ratio of ice to air between the sensing electrodes increases. Because ice has a greater dielectric constant than air, the capacitance increases. Therefore, by monitoring capacitance changes on the electrodes, the current freezing situation can be reflected.

[0108] A cooling platform was set up in a cryogenic chamber to conduct an icing experiment. The capacitance of the sensor electrodes was monitored by varying the relative humidity. The cryogenic chamber was maintained at 0°C, and the cooling platform at -15°C.

[0109] In a cryogenic chamber set to 0°C, the multifunctional film was placed on a refrigerated table for testing. The icing chamber was set to -15°C. The detection electrode was tested at relative humidity levels of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. The sensor simultaneously measured capacitance, temperature, and humidity.

[0110] Figure 10 This is a curve showing the change of ice capacitance over time for the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of Example 1 of the present invention under different relative humidity environments, wherein: Figure 10In a, the graph is the change curve from 0s to 700s. The small graph in the lower left corner of a is the change curve from 0s to 50s. b is the change curve from 30s to 100s. c is the change curve from 330s to 470s. Figure 10 As shown in Figure a and the small figure in the lower left corner of a, the capacitance remains stable at around 72pF from 0s to 25s. Between 25s and 35s, the dielectric constant of air decreases as the temperature drops. At low temperatures, the thermal motion of gas molecules slows, reducing the frequency of collisions between molecules and leading to a decrease in the polarization of gas molecules and, consequently, a decrease in the dielectric constant. Consequently, a decrease in the dielectric constant leads to a decrease in the capacitance.

[0111] like Figure 10 As shown in Figure b, the capacitance values at different humidity levels increase rapidly between 35s and 100s. This increase in capacitance can be explained by the formation of small water droplets of varying sizes on the detection electrode. Water vapor generated by the humidifier adheres to the detection electrode surface and forms small droplets due to the hydrophilicity between the liquids. Because the air on the detection electrode is replaced by liquid, the relative static dielectric constant of water is 80 times that of air, resulting in an increase in capacitance.

[0112] like Figure 10 As shown in a in the figure, during the period from 100s to 330s, the water droplets cover the detection electrode, causing the detected capacitance value to remain at a certain value. At this time, the water droplets are in a supercooled water state. The water droplets are cooled to -15°C but still remain in liquid state, and there are not enough ice nuclei to trigger freezing.

[0113] like Figure 10 As shown in Figure c, during the period from 330s to 360s, the size of the water droplets formed on the sensing electrode varied at different humidity levels, and the time it took for ice nuclei to form also varied. Higher humidity results in later ice nucleation. For icing environments with humidity levels of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% RH, ice nuclei appeared on the sensing electrode surface at 330s, 335s, 340s, 345s, 354s, and 360s, respectively. After ice nucleation forms, the capacitance suddenly drops, dendritic ice crystals grow on the surface, and the droplet surface slightly deforms. Ice nuclei within the droplet begin to form ice crystals, which gradually grow until the entire droplet is completely frozen. Consequently, higher humidity results in longer periods of complete freezing. Below 70% RH, when complete freezing occurs, the gaps between the interdigitated electrodes remain, allowing water droplets to gradually form ice within these gaps, causing a slight increase in capacitance.

[0114] Electric heating, as an active deicing method, has the advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection. The anti-icing controller automatically controls the electric heating to achieve low-energy deicing. Figure 11The surface temperature rise curves of the deicing control electric heating system under different voltages are shown, where: Figure 11 In figure a, the temperature rise curve of the surface is at 3.3V and 5V, b is the temperature rise curve of the surface when the output voltage is 3V and the icing condition is reached, and c is the curve when the surface temperature is controlled in the range of 42℃~55℃. Figure 11 As shown, the anti-icing controller can output 3.3V and 5V voltages at room temperature 27°C. Figure 11 Figure a shows the electrical heating performance of the carbon nanotube film. At an ambient temperature of 27°C, the cryogenic chamber begins cooling. Through programming, the electrical heating function automatically activates at 50 seconds after the ambient temperature reaches 0°C. The surface temperature of the multilayer functional film increases rapidly over time. The heating speed and maximum temperature achieved with a 5V voltage are both higher than those achieved with a 3.3V voltage. The 3.3V voltage reaches approximately 110°C in 110 seconds, then slowly rises and remains at 120°C. The 5V voltage reaches 130°C in 95 seconds, then slowly rises and remains at 140°C. To meet the temperature requirements of the anti-icing function and reduce energy consumption, a 3.3V voltage was selected as the heating voltage for the electrical heating.

[0115] The ice detector collects the capacitance changes of the ice detection sensor under different relative humidity environments, and uses the time when ice nuclei appear as the standard for ice formation. When the anti-icing controller detects these ice points, it automatically turns on the electric heating, such as Figure 11 As shown in b. In the low-temperature chamber, the temperature of the icing test box is set to -15°C, and a multi-layer functional film is placed. Because in a high humidity environment, the air contains more water vapor, which affects heat transfer and slows down the heat transfer rate during heating or cooling. Therefore, the higher the humidity, the slower the ambient temperature drops between 0s and 150s. From 330s to 500s, when each freezing point is reached, the electric heating is turned on. The higher the humidity, the slower the heating efficiency. Finally, the surface of the multi-layer functional film reaches 120°C. The most suitable surface temperature of the aircraft electric heating anti-icing system during continuous operation is between 42°C and 55°C, and a PTC heating module is used to control the temperature during heating. As shown Figure 11 As shown in Figure c, during the initial heating phase, the temperature rise trend is consistent for both controlled and uncontrolled heating. The multilayer functional membrane surface temperature rapidly rises from 0°C to the programmed temperature control range's cutoff temperature of 55°C. Heating then stops and the multilayer functional membrane surface temperature begins to drop. When the temperature drops to the programmed temperature control range's lower limit of 42°C, heating resumes, rapidly rising to 55°C before the reciprocating heating cycle continues. This improves the electric heating system's anti-icing performance, minimizes aircraft energy requirements, and enables low-energy anti-icing.

[0116] PDMS, PCo-PCNT, and PCoSi-PCNT were placed in a freezing chamber at -15°C and 40% relative humidity. A 30μL droplet of water was added to each chamber, and the freezing process was recorded with a camera. Complete freezing was determined when the droplet formed an ice tip. Figure 12 This is a test diagram of the anti-icing performance of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film of the present invention, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, wherein: Figure 12 Figure a is a diagram of the freezing process of water droplets on PDMS, PCo-PCNT and PCoSi-PCNT, b is a diagram of electric heating anti-icing in Example 1, and c is the electric heating performance when the water droplets in Example 1 are completely frozen.

[0117] The freezing process Figure 12 As shown in figure a, the PDMS coating showed no noticeable changes after 65 seconds. Ice began to form on the bottom of the droplet at 147 seconds, and the droplet became non-transparent at 198 seconds, until the droplet completely froze and formed an ice tip at 236 seconds. The PCo-PCNT coating experienced a sudden freeze at 294 seconds, with the droplet becoming turbid at 342 seconds and completely freezing at 461 seconds, a delay of 225 seconds compared to the PDMS coating. The PCoSi-PCNT coating experienced initial freezing at 392 seconds, becoming turbid and opaque at 486 seconds, and completely freezing at 563 seconds, forming an ice tip. The complete freezing time for the PCoSi-PCNT coating was 102 seconds later than that for the PCo-PCNT coating and 327 seconds later than that for the PDMS coating. This result can be explained by its roughness and heat transfer coefficient. The PDMS coating is relatively flat, and the contact area between the droplets and the surface is larger; the rough micro-nanostructure of the PCo-PCNT surface has a certain air gap, and the heat transfer coefficient is lower than that of PDMS, which delays the freezing time; PCoSi-PCNT is rougher, so that the droplets and the coating surface form a tiny air cushion, the heat transfer coefficient becomes smaller, and the freezing time is most significantly delayed.

[0118] When the anti-icing controller detects the presence of ice nuclei, it automatically turns on the electric heating anti-icing function. Figure 12 As shown in b, the time from the appearance of ice nuclei to complete melting is 45s. When the multilayer functional membrane is completely frozen, the electric heating is turned on, as shown in Figure 12 As shown in Figure c, complete ice melting takes 637 seconds, and the time from electric heating activation to ice melting is 76 seconds. The aircraft's ice control system passively prevents ice formation by relying on the coating's photothermal superhydrophobicity before ice nuclei form. Once ice nuclei appear, electric heating automatically activates to prevent water droplets from freezing.

[0119] In summary, the surface CA of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film PCoSi-PCNT prepared by the present invention reaches 157°. At an ambient temperature of -15°C, a 30μl droplet completely freezes in 563s, greatly delaying the freezing time. 2), with surface temperatures reaching 67.3°C. Furthermore, the PCoSi-PCNT surface features a rough, pitted structure, enhancing its ability to absorb and store light. This not only highlights the PCoSi-PCNT's superior photothermal performance but also reduces energy consumption in aircraft ice control systems.

[0120] The aircraft ice control system boasts excellent sensing performance and long-term stability, detecting icing conditions based on capacitance changes caused by surface icing under varying relative humidity conditions. By monitoring and recording the capacitance values corresponding to icing events, the electric heating system is automatically activated. This invention provides a simple method that combines ice detection with active and passive anti-icing, offering an effective solution to future icing challenges, making anti-icing more efficient, reducing energy consumption, and improving anti-icing stability.

[0121] The electric heater in the anti-icing controller automatically operates, outputting a 3.3V heating voltage. The PCoSi-PCNT surface temperature rises from 0°C to 120°C in just 57 seconds. While the anti-icing controller is operating, the surface temperature remains stable between 42°C and 55°C.

[0122] It should be noted that when numerical ranges are mentioned in the present invention, it should be understood that both endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints may be selected. Since the steps and methods used are the same as those in the embodiments, in order to avoid redundancy, the present invention describes preferred embodiments. Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they understand the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0123] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film, characterized in that: The composite film includes a first polydimethylsiloxane substrate and an electrothermal bottom layer attached to the first polydimethylsiloxane substrate, and a photothermal super-hydrophobic coating is attached to the electrothermal bottom layer, wherein the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating is a mixed coating formed by depositing silicon dioxide and cobalt on the surface of the second polydimethylsiloxane substrate, and the second polydimethylsiloxane substrate is attached to the electrothermal bottom layer; The thickness of the electrothermal base layer is 0.04mm-0.06mm, the thickness of the photothermal superhydrophobic coating is 0.4mm-0.6mm, and the thickness of the first polydimethylsiloxane base layer is 0.3mm-0.5mm; The electric heating material used in the electric heating bottom layer is carbon nanotubes, graphene or MXene material‌‌.

2. A method for preparing the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: coating a first polydimethylsiloxane solution on a substrate, and performing a first pre-curing process to obtain a first polydimethylsiloxane base; Adhesively attaching an electric heating bottom layer to the first polydimethylsiloxane base to obtain an electric heating bottom layer; A second polydimethylsiloxane solution is coated on the electrothermal base layer, pre-cured for a second time to form a second polydimethylsiloxane base, and then a silicon dioxide / cobalt mixed solution is evenly sprayed on the second polydimethylsiloxane base and cured to obtain a photothermal superhydrophobic coating; That is, a photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film is prepared.

3. The method for preparing the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film according to claim 2, wherein: The silicon dioxide / cobalt mixed solution is formed by mixing silicon dioxide, cobalt and a dispersant in a mass ratio of 1:7.5 to 8.5:1, and the dispersant is anhydrous ethanol.

4. The method for preparing the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film according to claim 2, wherein: The silicon dioxide / cobalt mixed solution is sprayed on the second polydimethylsiloxane at an angle of 45 degrees. The curing temperature is 90° C. to 120° C., and the curing time is 8 minutes to 12 minutes.

5. The method for preparing the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film according to claim 2, wherein: The first polydimethylsiloxane solution and the second polydimethylsiloxane solution are both formed by mixing polydimethylsiloxane and a curing agent in a mass ratio of 9.5 to 10.5:

1. The temperatures of the first pre-curing and the second pre-curing are both 60° C. to 80° C., and the curing time is both 8 min to 12 min.

6. Use of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film according to claim 1 in an aircraft anti-icing control system.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that Aircraft anti-icing control system includes: A capacitance sensing electrode, a temperature sensing electrode and a humidity sensing electrode are embedded in the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating of the photothermal super-hydrophobic composite film; An anti-icing controller is used to detect the surface icing state of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film. The anti-icing controller includes an anti-icing controller single chip microcomputer, an ice sensing module, a temperature sensing module, a humidity sensing module, an electric heating deicing module, a data acquisition control circuit and an external server. The electrical signal of the capacitive sensing electrode is connected to the ice sensing module, the electrical signal of the temperature sensing electrode is connected to the temperature sensing module, and the electrical signal of the humidity sensing electrode is connected to the humidity sensing module; The icing sensor module, temperature sensor module and humidity sensor module are all connected to the anti-icing controller microcontroller through electrical signals. The anti-icing controller microcontroller is connected to the external server through the data acquisition connection line signal, which is used to detect the surface icing state of the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film and transmit it to the external server. The external server signal is connected to the electric thermal deicing module, and the electric thermal deicing module signal is connected to the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic coating to heat the photoelectric thermal super-hydrophobic composite film to prevent deicing.

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