Catalytic riser nozzle with anti-coking structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of catalytic cracking, and in particular to a catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure, comprising an atomizing nozzle, a detection rod, an atomizing shell and a rotating scraping assembly, wherein the detection rod is distributed in a wave form inside the riser, the atomizing shell is arranged on the outside of the atomizing nozzle, and a first-level air inlet pipe connected to an air inlet is provided on the atomizing shell; the rotating scraping assembly comprises a rotating part arranged on the outside of the atomizing nozzle and a scraping part arranged inside the atomizing nozzle, and an adjusting assembly is used to adjust the opening size of the air inlet; the invention effectively improves the mixing degree of crude oil and steam by arranging the rotating scraping assembly and the adjusting assembly, and further improves the uniformity and efficiency of gas-liquid mixing through adjusting the shielding area of ​​the air inlet by the adjusting assembly and scraping and cleaning the inside of the nozzle by the rotating scraping assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of catalytic cracking, in particular to a catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure. Background Art

[0002] The catalytic cracking unit plays a key role in the oil refining industry in converting heavy oil into light products. It is also the core facility for oil refining companies to promote the transformation of refining and chemical integration. Among them, the riser reactor, as the core component of the unit, is responsible for mixing and reacting the crude oil and the catalyst in the tube. The products include diesel, gasoline, propylene and other light oil products and chemicals. However, in actual operation, problems such as uneven distribution of the oil agent and failure to fully vaporize the crude oil are often encountered. These problems directly restrict the efficiency of catalytic cracking.

[0003] The Chinese patent with application number CN202410436768.7 discloses a catalytic cracking device for petrochemical production and an application method, including a riser, the riser has a pre-lift nozzle; a catalyst regeneration pipeline, which is fixedly connected to the riser and communicated with the inside of the riser; a feeder, which is fixedly connected to the riser and communicated with the inside of the riser; and a reaction section; the reaction section has a lower baffle plate, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction section; and a circulation baffle plate, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction section and parallel to the lower baffle plate, and each circulation baffle plate is provided with a jet nozzle at one end away from the inner wall of the reaction section, and the jet nozzle is connected to the feeder through an airway. The invention sets a lower baffle plate in the reaction section, and the rising catalyst particle airflow will form a counterclockwise vortex after hitting the lower baffle plate, and the hydrocarbon feed ejected from the jet nozzle can form a clockwise vortex, and then the turbines of the two contact each other, so that the contact path becomes longer.

[0004] Although the above equipment cleverly combines the design of the lower baffle plate and the injection nozzle, significantly increasing the contact area between the atomized crude oil and the catalyst particles, it still faces some challenges in actual operation. The key lies in the spray rate control of the injection nozzle. Although an excessively high raw material jet velocity can enhance the oil-gas mixing effect, it will also lead to the problem of aggravated oil-gas backmixing, increase the damage and consumption of the catalyst, aggravate the vibration of the equipment and pipelines, and even cause the crude oil to splash onto the inner wall of the riser to form coking, reduce the operating efficiency of the catalytic cracking unit, and increase maintenance costs. On the contrary, a lower raw material jet velocity means that the nozzle's ability to atomize the crude oil is weakened, the crude oil droplets are larger, and it is not easy to fully mix with the catalyst, and it is also easy to form coking.

[0005] In addition, although the existing high-pressure atomizing nozzle design can effectively atomize the oil, if the raw oil used is heavy oil, due to the high viscosity of heavy oil, impurities in the raw oil will gradually accumulate and may clog the nozzle during long-term use of the nozzle, reducing the atomization efficiency.

[0006] In view of this, it is particularly critical and urgent to develop a catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure that can effectively overcome the above-mentioned technical difficulties. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure comprises a riser, and further comprises:

[0010] A plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged in a circular array on the peripheral side wall of the lifting pipe, one end of which is provided with a feed pipe, the other end of which is provided with a discharge port, and the outer side wall of which is provided with an air inlet;

[0011] A catalyst tube, which is arranged below the atomizing nozzle;

[0012] A plurality of detection rods are distributed in the riser in a wave form, are located above the atomizing nozzle, and are used to detect the temperature distribution of the upper area of ​​the atomizing nozzle;

[0013] An atomizing shell is arranged outside the atomizing nozzle, the inner wall of which is connected to the outer wall of the atomizing nozzle through a supporting part, and the peripheral side wall of which is provided with a primary air inlet pipe;

[0014] A rotary scraping assembly, the rotary scraping assembly comprising a rotary part arranged outside the atomizing nozzle and a scraping part arranged inside the atomizing nozzle, the rotary part is driven by the airflow ejected from the primary air inlet pipe, and when the rotary part rotates, it synchronously drives the scraping part to scrape and clean the inside of the atomizing nozzle;

[0015] The adjusting component includes an adjusting ring arranged on the outside of the atomizing nozzle and placed at the bottom of the rotating scraping component. A pushing member is provided on the outside of the adjusting ring. The pushing member pushes the adjusting ring to block the air inlet, thereby adjusting the opening size of the air inlet.

[0016] Preferably, the scraping part comprises a rotating frame, which is arranged inside the atomizing nozzle and fits against the inner wall of the atomizing nozzle, and scrapes off the oil film on the inner wall of the atomizing nozzle when rotating;

[0017] A connecting ring, which is arranged at one end of the rotating frame facing the discharge port;

[0018] The rotating ring is arranged at one end of the rotating frame facing the air inlet and is placed inside the rotating part. The rotating part can drive the rotating frame to rotate inside the atomizing nozzle.

[0019] Preferably, the swirling part comprises a wind wheel, which corresponds to the position of the first-stage air inlet pipe, and whose inner ring is movably connected to the outer wall of the atomizing nozzle;

[0020] The mounting ring is sleeved on the outer side of the rotating ring and is connected to the wind wheel through a state conversion component.

[0021] Preferably, the state conversion assembly comprises an annular groove formed on the side wall of the inner ring of the wind wheel, an elastic member is arranged in the annular groove, one end of the elastic member is connected to the annular groove, and the other end of the elastic member is connected to the mounting ring;

[0022] A ring plate is placed at one end of the wind wheel away from the feed pipe and is sealingly and slidably connected to the inner wall of the atomizing housing, and both sides of the ring plate are provided with limit grooves distributed in an array and arranged in a staggered manner;

[0023] Two limiting blocks are respectively arranged on both sides of the ring plate and connected to the inner wall of the atomizing shell, and are matched with the limiting grooves.

[0024] Preferably, the state conversion assembly further comprises a magnetic ring, which is placed on a side of the ring plate away from the rotating part;

[0025] An electromagnetic component is disposed at one end of the atomizing nozzle facing the feed pipe;

[0026] By controlling the direction of the current passing into the electromagnetic component, the electromagnetic component generates magnetic force to drive the magnetic ring to move, thereby driving the wind wheel to move back and forth in the axial direction of the atomizing nozzle.

[0027] Preferably, when the ring plate is in the first position, the limiting groove and the limiting block are in a non-connected state, and at this time, the wind wheel is in a rotating state under the influence of the first-stage air inlet pipe;

[0028] When the ring plate is in the second position, that is, the ring plate and the limit block close to the discharge port are in a limit state, at this time, the wind wheel is in a fixed state due to the influence of the limit block;

[0029] When the ring plate is in the third position, that is, the ring plate and the limiting block on the side close to the air inlet are in a limiting state, at this time, the wind wheel is in a fixed state due to the influence of the limiting block.

[0030] Preferably, the atomizing nozzle extends from the discharge port to the rotary scraping assembly and is provided with inclined holes and connecting holes distributed in a circular array in sequence at one end, and the inclined holes and connecting holes are staggered;

[0031] A secondary air inlet pipe is arranged outside the atomizing housing and is placed on the top of the ring plate.

[0032] Preferably, the gas outlet end of the inclined hole faces the discharge port, and the gas outlet end of the connecting hole faces the inner wall of the feed pipe.

[0033] Preferably, the outer side of the connecting ring is provided with blocking plates which are distributed in an array and staggered with the rotating frame, and the blocking plates are used to block part of the inclined holes;

[0034] The rotating frame can block the connecting hole.

[0035] Preferably, when the ring plate is in the first position, the rotating ring is in a rotating state, the blocking plates alternately block the inclined holes, and the rotating frame alternately blocks the connecting holes;

[0036] When the ring plate is in the second position, the rotating ring is in a fixed state, the blocking plate blocks part of the inclined holes, and the rotating frame blocks the connecting holes;

[0037] When the ring plate is in the third position, the rotating ring is in a fixed state, the blocking plate blocks part of the inclined holes, and the rotating frame releases the blocking state of the connecting holes.

[0038] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0039] 1. The present invention monitors the temperature distribution in the upper area of ​​the atomizing nozzle in real time by setting a detection rod above the atomizing nozzle, and adaptively adjusts the regulating component according to the temperature data, thereby realizing accurate control of the temperature during the reaction between the crude oil and the high-temperature catalyst. When the temperature rises abnormally, by increasing the air inlet shielding, reducing the steam flow rate, reducing the tear strength of the crude oil, and increasing the droplet diameter, the catalyst is effectively prevented from being damaged by excessive scouring; conversely, when the temperature distribution is uneven, by reducing the air inlet shielding, increasing the steam flow rate, enhancing the tear strength of the crude oil, and improving the degree of mixing, the problem of uneven temperature distribution is improved.

[0040] 2. The crude oil of the present invention undergoes a multi-stage mixing and crushing process inside the atomizing nozzle, and is first preliminarily mixed with the steam introduced from the primary air inlet pipe in the mixing section, and then further crushed and stably flows in the contraction section, throat section and expansion section; especially in the cavity between the outlet end of the expansion section and the discharge port, the steam introduced from the secondary air inlet pipe through the inclined hole performs secondary impact crushing on the crude oil, which significantly improves the atomization effect of the crude oil; in addition, when the ring plate is in the third position, the steam from the secondary air inlet pipe is guided through the connecting hole to the throat section of the atomizing nozzle for blowing, so that the crude oil undergoes secondary crushing in advance, which further improves the uniformity and fineness of the atomization.

[0041] 3. The present invention effectively improves the mixing degree of crude oil and steam by adjusting the inlet shielding area by the regulating component and scraping and cleaning the inside of the nozzle by the rotating scraping component. During the contraction of the pusher, the steam flow rate increases, the tear strength of the crude oil is enhanced, and the stability and uniformity of the gas-liquid mixed flow are promoted. At the same time, the alternate blocking of the oblique holes by the blocking plate and the alternate blocking of the connecting holes by the rotating frame allow the steam to enter the inside of the nozzle in an alternating manner, further improving the uniformity and efficiency of the gas-liquid mixing.

[0042] 4. The present invention drives the pusher to perform telescopic movement outside the atomizing nozzle, generating airflow scouring effects of different strengths and directions to loosen and discharge the blockage. At the same time, the electromagnetic component is stopped from being energized, and the ring plate moves to the first position under the action of the restoring force of the elastic component. The wind wheel rotates and drives the rotating ring and the rotating frame to rotate through the state conversion component to scrape and clean the inside of the atomizing nozzle. In this process, the blocking plate rotates synchronously and alternately blocks the inclined hole and the connecting hole, and the oil film material inside the nozzle is effectively removed by the scouring and breaking effect of steam, ensuring the stable reaction of the raw oil and the catalyst. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the lifting pipe and the atomizing nozzle of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the riser of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structural connection between the atomizing nozzle and the atomizing shell of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the atomizing shell of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A in the middle.

[0048] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating component of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the atomizing nozzle of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the scraping part of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the wind wheel of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 10 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the atomizing nozzle of the present invention.

[0054] The reference numerals are: 100, atomizing nozzle; 1001, feed pipe; 1002, discharge port; 1003, air inlet; 1004, mixing portion; 1005, contraction portion; 1006, throat portion; 1007, expansion portion; 200, lifting pipe; 300, catalyst tube; 1, detection rod; 2, atomizing shell; 3, primary air inlet pipe; 4, rotary scraping assembly; 401, rotating portion; 4011, wind wheel; 401 2. Mounting ring; 402. Scraping part; 4021. Rotating frame; 4022. Connecting ring; 4023. Rotating ring; 5. Adjusting assembly; 501. Adjusting ring; 502. Pushing member; 6. State conversion assembly; 601. Elastic member; 602. Ring plate; 603. Limiting groove; 604. Limiting block; 605. Magnetic ring; 606. Electromagnetic member; 7. Oblique hole; 8. Connecting hole; 9. Secondary air intake pipe; 10. Sealing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Embodiment 1

[0056] Reference Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the present invention proposes a catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure, including a riser 200, and also includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles 100, which are arranged in a circular array on the side wall of the riser 200, one end of which is provided with a feed pipe 1001, the other end of which is provided with a discharge port 1002, and the outer side wall of which is provided with an air inlet 1003.

[0057] The catalyst tube 300 is disposed below the atomizing nozzle 100 .

[0058] When in use, lifting steam enters from the bottom of the lifting pipe 200 and gradually moves to the top of the lifting pipe 200. During the rising process of the lifting steam, the catalyst tube 300 injects the catalyst into the interior of the lifting pipe 200. The catalyst moves upward along the lifting pipe 200 under the lifting force of the lifting steam. When the catalyst moves to the position of the atomizing nozzle 100, the raw oil sprayed from the atomizing nozzle 100 enters the lifting pipe 200 in the form of mist and is fully mixed with the catalyst.

[0059] Since the atomizing nozzles 100 in this embodiment are distributed in a circular array in the riser 200, the misted raw oil sprayed from the atomizing nozzles 100 can impact the catalyst rising along the wall of the riser 200, so that it gathers in the middle area of ​​the riser 200, so that the misted raw material can effectively contact the catalyst, thereby improving the catalytic cracking reaction; avoiding the phenomenon that when the misted raw oil and the catalyst are undergoing catalytic cracking reaction, the catalyst is affected by the airflow, the catalyst density gradually decreases from the wall to the center, and the misted raw oil gradually increases from the wall to the center, resulting in the two being unable to be fully mixed. Embodiment 2

[0060] Although the above-mentioned embodiment effectively promotes the full contact between the misted raw oil and the catalyst by adjusting the layout of the atomizing nozzle 100, there is still a key problem in actual operation: the injection speed of the misted raw oil cannot be accurately controlled to maintain its stable state. Specifically, if the injection speed of the raw oil is too high, although it can enhance the oil-gas mixing effect, it also aggravates the oil-gas back-mixing phenomenon, which will not only damage and consume more catalysts, but also aggravate the vibration of equipment and pipelines, and may even cause the raw oil to splash onto the inner wall of the riser 200 to form coking, thereby reducing the operating efficiency of the catalytic cracking unit and increasing maintenance costs. On the contrary, if the injection speed of the raw oil is too low, it means that the atomization ability of the atomizing nozzle 100 is weakened, resulting in the enlargement of the raw oil droplets, which is not easy to fully mix with the catalyst, and is also prone to coking problems. Therefore, it is very important to accurately control the injection speed of the raw oil to maintain efficient and stable operation of the system. In view of this, this embodiment is modified on the basis of Example 1, and the improved specific scheme is as follows:

[0061] Reference Figures 1 to 11 As shown, it also includes a plurality of detection rods 1 which are distributed in a wave-like manner inside the lifting pipe 200 and are located above the atomizing nozzle 100 , and are used to detect the temperature distribution in the upper area of ​​the atomizing nozzle 100 .

[0062] The area where the detection rod 1 is located is the reaction area between the catalyst and the misted raw oil. The detection rod 1 is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the upper area of ​​the atomizing nozzle 100 .

[0063] The atomizing housing 2 is arranged outside the atomizing nozzle 100, and its inner wall is connected to the outer wall of the atomizing nozzle 100 through a supporting part, and a primary air inlet pipe 3 is arranged on its peripheral side wall.

[0064] It should be noted that the support part can be a support plate or a support frame, which is a prior art and will not be described here. It is not shown in the figure, and due to the setting of the support part, when the rotating scraper assembly 4 rotates, it is ensured that the atomizing nozzle 100 will not rotate.

[0065] The air inlet 1003 of this embodiment is an oblique opening and is distributed in a circular array around the atomizing nozzle 100. Therefore, when the first-level air inlet pipe 3 transports steam to the inside of the atomizing nozzle 100 through the air inlet 1003, after the steam enters the inside of the atomizing nozzle 100, it will move toward the discharge port 1002 in a spiral upward manner due to the influence of the oblique opening. During this process, the steam can be fully mixed with the crude oil sprayed from the feed pipe 1001.

[0066] The rotary scraping assembly 4 includes a rotary part 401 arranged on the outside of the atomizing nozzle 100 and a scraping part 402 arranged inside the atomizing nozzle 100. The rotary part 401 is driven by the airflow ejected from the first-level air inlet pipe 3. When the rotary part 401 rotates, it synchronously drives the scraping part 402 to scrape and clean the inside of the atomizing nozzle 100.

[0067] The scraping part 402 includes a rotating frame 4021 , which is disposed inside the atomizing nozzle 100 and fits against the inner wall of the atomizing nozzle 100 , and scrapes off the oil film on the inner wall of the atomizing nozzle 100 when rotating.

[0068] The connecting ring 4022 is disposed at one end of the rotating frame 4021 facing the discharge port 1002 .

[0069] The rotating ring 4023 is disposed at one end of the rotating frame 4021 facing the air inlet 1003 and is placed inside the rotating portion 401 . The rotating portion 401 can drive the rotating frame 4021 to rotate inside the atomizing nozzle 100 .

[0070] When the rotating part 401 of the present invention is in a rotating state, the rotating part 401 synchronously drives the rotating ring 4023 to rotate, and the rotating ring 4023 drives the rotating frame 4021 and the connecting ring 4022 to rotate. At this time, the rotating frame 4021 can clean the oil film accumulated in the atomizing nozzle 100 to prevent the oil film from coking and clogging the atomizing nozzle 100.

[0071] Reference Figures 4 to 10 As shown, the rotating part 401 includes a wind wheel 4011 , which corresponds to the position of the first-level air inlet pipe 3 , and its inner ring is movably connected to the outer wall of the atomizing nozzle 100 .

[0072] The mounting ring 4012 is sleeved on the outer side of the rotating ring 4023 and is connected to the wind wheel 4011 through the state conversion component 6 .

[0073] When the rotating part 401 of the present invention is in a rotating state, the rotating part 401 drives the mounting ring 4012 to rotate through the state conversion component 6, and the mounting ring 4012 drives the rotating frame 4021 to rotate through the rotating ring 4023. The rotating frame 4021 can clean the oil film accumulated in the atomizing nozzle 100 to prevent the oil film from coking and clogging the atomizing nozzle 100.

[0074] The adjusting component 5 includes an adjusting ring 501 arranged on the outside of the atomizing nozzle 100 and placed at the bottom of the rotating scraping component 4. A pushing member 502 is provided on the outside of the adjusting ring 501. The pushing member 502 pushes the adjusting ring 501 to block the air inlet 1003, thereby adjusting the opening size of the air inlet 1003.

[0075] Specifically, the push member 502 is an electric push rod, one end of which is connected to the adjustment ring 501 , and the other end of which is connected to the atomizing nozzle 100 .

[0076] Reference Figures 6 to 10 As shown, the state conversion assembly 6 includes an annular groove opened on the inner ring side wall of the wind wheel 4011 , an elastic member 601 is arranged in the annular groove, one end of the elastic member 601 is connected to the annular groove, and the other end of the elastic member 601 is connected to the mounting ring 4012 .

[0077] Specifically, the elastic member 601 of the present invention may be a spring or an elastic telescopic member, and when the wind wheel 4011 rotates, the elastic member 601 can synchronously drive the rotating ring 4023 to rotate.

[0078] The ring plate 602 is placed at one end of the wind wheel 4011 away from the feed pipe 1001 and is sealed and slidably connected to the inner wall of the atomizing housing 2, which divides the atomizing housing 2 into two upper and lower disconnected areas, and both sides of the ring plate 602 are provided with array-distributed and staggered limiting grooves 603. Specifically, the diameter of the ring plate 602 is adapted to the diameter of the atomizing housing 2.

[0079] Two limiting blocks 604 are respectively disposed on both sides of the ring plate 602 and connected to the inner wall of the atomizing housing 2 , and are matched with the limiting groove 603 .

[0080] Reference Figures 6 to 10 As shown, the state conversion assembly 6 further includes a magnetic ring 605 , which is disposed on a side of the ring plate 602 away from the rotating portion 401 .

[0081] The electromagnetic component 606 is disposed at one end of the atomizing nozzle 100 facing the feed pipe 1001 .

[0082] By controlling the direction of the current passing into the electromagnetic component 606 , the electromagnetic component 606 generates a magnetic force to drive the magnetic ring 605 to move, thereby driving the wind wheel 4011 to achieve reciprocating movement in the axial direction of the atomizing nozzle 100 .

[0083] When the ring plate 602 is in the first position, the limiting groove 603 and the limiting block 604 are in a non-connected state. At this time, the wind wheel 4011 is in a rotating state under the influence of the first-stage air inlet pipe 3.

[0084] When the ring plate 602 is in the second position, that is, the ring plate 602 and the limiting block 604 on the side close to the discharge port 1002 are in a limiting state, at this time, the wind wheel 4011 is in a fixed state due to the influence of the limiting block 604.

[0085] When the ring plate 602 is in the third position, that is, the ring plate 602 and the limiting block 604 close to the air inlet 1003 are in a limiting state, the wind wheel 4011 is in a fixed state due to the influence of the limiting block 604.

[0086] Reference Figures 3 to 10 As shown, the atomizing nozzle 100 extends from the discharge port 1002 to the rotary scraping assembly 4 and is provided with inclined holes 7 and connecting holes 8 distributed in a circular array in sequence at one end, and the inclined holes 7 and connecting holes 8 are staggered.

[0087] It should be noted that the gas outlet end of the inclined hole 7 faces the discharge port 1002 , the gas outlet end of the connecting hole 8 faces the inner wall of the feed pipe 1001 , and the connecting hole 8 is perpendicular to the center line of the atomizing nozzle 100 .

[0088] A secondary air inlet pipe 9 is provided outside the atomizing housing 2 and is placed on the top of the ring plate 602 .

[0089] Reference Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the outer side of the connecting ring 4022 is provided with sealing plates 10 which are distributed in an array and staggered with the rotating frame 4021 , and the sealing plates 10 are used to seal part of the inclined holes 7 ; the rotating frame 4021 can seal the connecting holes 8 .

[0090] When the ring plate 602 is in the first position, the rotating ring 4023 is in a rotating state, the blocking plate 10 blocks the inclined holes 7 alternately, and the rotating frame 4021 blocks the connecting holes 8 alternately.

[0091] When the ring plate 602 is in the second position, the rotating ring 4023 is in a fixed state, the blocking plate 10 blocks part of the inclined hole 7, and the rotating frame 4021 blocks the connecting hole 8. Specifically, when the ring plate 602 is in the second position, the steam entering from the secondary air inlet pipe 9 enters the interior of the atomizing shell 2, enters the interior of the atomizing nozzle 100 through the inclined hole 7, and gradually moves toward the direction of the discharge port 1002.

[0092] When the ring plate 602 is in the third position, the rotating ring 4023 is in a fixed state, the blocking plate 10 blocks part of the inclined hole 7, and the rotating frame 4021 releases the blocking state of the connecting hole 8. Specifically, when the ring plate 602 is in the third position, after the steam entering from the secondary air inlet pipe 9 enters the interior of the atomizing shell 2, a part of it enters the interior of the atomizing nozzle 100 through the inclined hole 7, and the other part enters the interior of the atomizing nozzle 100 through the connecting hole 8, and impacts the middle area of ​​the atomizing nozzle 100.

[0093] A control terminal is disposed outside the riser 200, and a control system is disposed inside the control terminal. The control system is used to control the electrical components.

[0094] Reference Figure 11 As shown, the atomizing nozzle 100 is provided with four sections inside, which are respectively a mixing section 1004 , a contraction section 1005 , a throat section 1006 and an expansion section 1007 from right to left.

[0095] It should be noted that: in this embodiment, the steam entering from the primary air inlet pipe 3 enters the interior of the atomizing shell 2, then enters the interior of the atomizing nozzle 100 through the air inlet 1003, and gradually moves toward the discharge port 1002.

[0096] In the initial state, the ring plate 602 is in the first position. In the initial state, the control system passes a positive current into the electromagnetic component 606, thereby causing the electromagnetic component 606 to generate a force that repel each other with the magnetic ring 605. This repulsive force acts on the ring plate 602 through the magnetic ring 605, and drives the ring plate 602 to move toward the discharge port 1002 after overcoming the elastic force of the elastic component 601. The movement of the ring plate 602 will drive the wind wheel 4011 to move until the ring plate 602 reaches the second position. In the second position, the limiting groove 603 at one end of the ring plate 602 close to the discharge port 1002 is connected to the limiting block 604 at one side close to the discharge port 1002, thereby limiting the movement of the wind wheel 4011 and making it in a fixed state. At this time, the blocking plate 10 blocks part of the inclined hole 7, and the rotating frame 4021 blocks the connecting hole 8.

[0097] During use, the heated raw oil enters the atomizing nozzle 100 through the feed pipe 1001, and the raw oil first enters the mixing section 1004 of the atomizing nozzle 100. At the same time, the steam introduced from the primary air inlet pipe 3 is preliminarily mixed with the raw oil in the mixing section 1004. Subsequently, the mixed raw oil flows through the contraction section 1005, the throat section 1006 and the expansion section 1007 in sequence, and finally sprays out from the discharge port 1002. When the raw oil is in the contraction section 1005, the increase in the steam velocity causes the raw oil to be further broken. After the transition of the throat section 1006, the flow of the raw oil and the steam tends to be stable in the central area of ​​the expansion section 1007. At this time, the raw oil and the primary steam enter the cavity between the outlet end of the expansion section 1007 and the discharge port 1002 together. At this stage, since the sealing plate 10 blocks part of the inclined hole 7, the rotating frame 4021 blocks the connecting hole 8. The steam introduced by the secondary air inlet pipe 9 through the partial inclined holes 7 performs secondary impact crushing on the crude oil, thereby significantly improving the atomization effect of the crude oil sprayed from the discharge port 1002.

[0098] After the stock oil is atomized by the atomizing nozzle 100, it enters the riser 200 and mixes with the high-temperature catalyst. Under the action of the high-temperature catalyst, the stock oil rapidly undergoes a cracking reaction to generate a series of small molecule hydrocarbon compounds. Since a large amount of heat is released during the reaction between the stock oil and the high-temperature catalyst, and the atomization state of the stock oil is closely related to the temperature after the reaction, the present embodiment sets a detection rod 1 above the atomizing nozzle 100 for real-time monitoring of the temperature distribution in the upper area of ​​the atomizing nozzle 100. According to the temperature distribution data, the control system adaptively adjusts the regulating component 5 and the rotating scraping component 4 to ensure the stable reaction of the stock oil and the high-temperature catalyst.

[0099] Specifically, when the control system detects that the temperature data fed back by the detection rod 1 above the atomizing nozzle 100 is in a stable state, it indicates that the atomized droplet size of the crude oil is moderate, that is, it has reached a stable state. At this time, the internal components of the atomizing nozzle 100 are controlled to remain in their original state: the ring plate 602 remains in the second position, the wind wheel 4011 remains in a fixed state, the blocking plate 10 blocks part of the inclined hole 7, and the rotating frame 4021 blocks the connecting hole 8; at the same time, the extension amount of the pusher 502 remains unchanged.

[0100] If the control system detects an abnormal increase in temperature, it means that the atomization speed of the crude oil is too fast, resulting in a small droplet diameter. This phenomenon will intensify the scouring of the catalyst particles, thereby increasing the reaction rate of the crude oil and the catalyst, causing the temperature of the reaction zone to rise. In response to this situation, the control system will drive the pusher 502 to contract according to the temperature data, and then drive the adjustment ring 501 to move toward the feed pipe 1001, increasing its shielding of the air inlet 1003, thereby reducing the gas flow rate of the first-level air inlet pipe 3 entering the atomizing nozzle 100, reducing the tear strength of steam on the crude oil, increasing the droplet diameter, and avoiding damage to the catalyst.

[0101] On the contrary, when the control system detects uneven temperature distribution, it usually indicates that the crude oil and steam are not mixed sufficiently, the atomization speed is slow, and the droplet diameter is large. This will cause the reaction time of some droplets with the catalyst to be prolonged, resulting in uneven temperature distribution in the reaction area. At this time, the control system will control the pusher 502 to extend, reduce the blocking of the air inlet 1003 by the adjustment ring 501, increase the gas flow, enhance the tearing strength of steam on the crude oil, and improve the mixing degree.

[0102] During the extension of the pusher 502, the control system simultaneously passes a reverse current to the electromagnetic member 606, so that suction is generated between the electromagnetic member 606 and the magnetic ring 605, and the magnetic ring 605 drives the ring plate 602 to move to the third position in the direction of the feed pipe 1001. In this process, since the limiting grooves 603 of the ring plate 602 close to the feed pipe 1001 and the limiting grooves 603 away from the feed pipe 1001 are staggered, the wind wheel 4011 will drive the ring plate 602 and the sealing plate 10 to deflect until the limiting grooves 603 are limitedly connected with the limiting blocks 604 close to the feed pipe 1001. When the limiting grooves 603 and the limiting blocks 604 complete the limited connection, the sealing plate 10 closes the other part of the inclined hole 7, and the rotating frame 4021 releases the blocking of the connecting hole 8.

[0103] It should be noted that in this example, the number of the blocking plates 10 is less than the number of the inclined holes 7 , and the blocking plates 10 can only block part of the inclined holes 7 .

[0104] After the connection hole 8 is connected, part of the steam ejected from the secondary air inlet pipe 9 still enters the discharge port 1002 of the atomizing nozzle 100 through the inclined hole 7; the other part enters the throat part 1006 of the atomizing nozzle 100 through the connection hole 8.

[0105] When the crude oil flows to the throat section 1006, the steam ejected from the connection hole 8 is crushed and mixed with the crude oil in advance. This pre-mixing process not only promotes the initial dispersion of the crude oil, but also, because the connection hole 8 and the throat section 1006 are in a vertical state, the steam ejected from the connection hole 8 can disturb the crude oil flowing through the throat section 1006, further improving the gas-liquid mixing degree of the crude oil.

[0106] By allowing the steam ejected from the connection hole 8 to contact the crude oil in advance, the flow direction of the crude oil changes multiple times during its flow inside the atomizing nozzle 100. These changes not only optimize the flow path of the crude oil, but also promote more complete mixing and crushing. Ultimately, these combined effects act together on the process of the crude oil being ejected from the atomizing nozzle 100, significantly improving the uniformity and fineness of the atomization, and providing more refined and uniform crude oil droplets for subsequent chemical reactions or treatment processes.

[0107] If the temperature distribution is still uneven or does not change significantly after being processed by the rotary scraper component 4 and the adjustment component 5, it may indicate that the oil film inside the atomizing nozzle 100 is coked due to long-term high temperature, resulting in blockage. At this time, the control system will drive the pusher 502 to perform telescopic movement outside the atomizing nozzle 100, so that the blocking area of ​​the air inlet 1003 by the adjustment ring 501 is in a constantly changing state. The constantly changing blocking area of ​​the air inlet 1003 produces airflow scouring effects of different intensities and directions to loosen and discharge the blockage.

[0108] At the same time, the control system stops energizing the electromagnetic member 606, and the ring plate 602 moves to the first position under the restoring force of the elastic member 601. At this time, the limit groove 603 is separated from the limit block 604, and the wind wheel 4011 rotates. The wind wheel 4011 drives the rotating ring 4023 and the rotating frame 4021 to rotate through the state conversion component 6, and scrapes and cleans the inside of the atomizing nozzle 100. The scraped oil film material moves to the discharge port 1002 along with the steam of the first-level air inlet pipe 3.

[0109] When the rotating frame 4021 rotates, it simultaneously drives the sealing plate 10 to rotate, scraping the area between the expansion part 1007 and the discharge port 1002. At the same time, the sealing plate 10 alternately blocks the inclined hole 7, and the rotating frame 4021 alternately blocks the connecting hole 8, so that steam enters the interior of the atomizing nozzle 100 in an alternating manner.

[0110] The steam sprayed from the connecting hole 8 is perpendicular to the flow direction inside the atomizing nozzle 100, so that after the steam is sprayed from the connecting hole 8, the steam can impact and crush the oil film material scraped off the rotating frame 4021, thereby increasing the tearing strength of the steam on the oil film material, reducing the discharge volume of the oil film material, and ensuring that part of the oil film material can still react with the catalyst; at the same time, as the fluid continues to move, when the fluid runs to the position of the inclined hole 7, the baffle plate 10 alternately blocks the inclined hole 7, so that the steam sprayed from the inclined hole 7 can impact the fluid from different directions, so as to generate turbulence inside the fluid, thereby enhancing the crushing effect on the oil film material and improving the atomization degree of the fluid after being sprayed out of the atomizing nozzle 100.

[0111] It should be noted that the oil film material is affected by the steam sprayed from the connecting hole 8 and the flow direction inside the atomizing nozzle 100 and moves toward the inner wall of the expansion portion 1007. The rotation of the rotating frame 4021 causes the oil film material to be broken up, so that the volume is reduced again, and the degree of breaking of the oil film material is further improved.

[0112] The present invention ensures the stability and high efficiency of the system by cooperating the regulating component 5 and the rotating scraping component 4 on the atomization process of the crude oil and its reaction with the high-temperature catalyst.

[0113] Specifically: When the temperature rises abnormally, it indicates that the crude oil atomization speed is too fast and the droplet diameter is too small. At this time, the cover of the adjustment ring 501 on the air inlet 1003 is increased, and the gas flow of the first-level air inlet pipe 3 is reduced, thereby controlling the tearing strength of the steam on the crude oil and increasing the droplet diameter to protect the catalyst.

[0114] When the temperature distribution is uneven, it indicates that the crude oil and steam are not mixed sufficiently, and the atomization speed is slow. At this time, the blocking of the air inlet 1003 by the adjusting ring 501 is reduced to enhance the tearing strength of the steam on the crude oil and improve the degree of mixing; when the pushing member 502 is extended, the ring plate 602 moves to the third position, and the sealing plate 10 closes part of the inclined hole 7 to connect the connecting hole 8. The steam of the secondary air inlet pipe 9 is guided through the connecting hole 8 to perform secondary crushing on the crude oil in advance, and at the same time, the gas-liquid flow state inside the atomizing nozzle 100 is improved to improve the uniformity and fineness of the atomization.

[0115] If the oil film inside the atomizing nozzle 100 is coked and causes blockage, at this time, the control pusher 502 is to perform telescopic movement, so that the air inlet 1003 produces air flow flushing effects of different strengths and directions to loosen and discharge the blockage; at the same time, the ring plate 602 moves to the first position, so that the rotating frame 4021 scrapes and cleans the inside of the atomizing nozzle 100, the sealing plate 10 alternately blocks the inclined hole 7, and the rotating frame 4021 alternately blocks the connecting hole 8, so that steam enters the interior of the atomizing nozzle 100 in an alternating manner, which not only pushes the raw oil and oil film material to be discharged, but also impacts and breaks the oil film material to ensure the reaction efficiency.

[0116] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure, comprising: The lifting pipe is characterized in that it also includes: a plurality of atomizing nozzles, which are arranged in a circular array on the side wall of the lifting pipe, one end of which is provided with a feed pipe, the other end of which is provided with a discharge port, and the outer side wall of which is provided with an air inlet; A catalyst tube, which is arranged below the atomizing nozzle; A plurality of detection rods are distributed in the riser in a wave form, are located above the atomizing nozzle, and are used to detect the temperature distribution of the upper area of ​​the atomizing nozzle; An atomizing shell is arranged outside the atomizing nozzle, the inner wall of which is connected to the outer wall of the atomizing nozzle through a supporting part, and the peripheral side wall of which is provided with a primary air inlet pipe; The rotary scraping assembly includes a rotary part arranged outside the atomizing nozzle and a scraping part arranged inside the atomizing nozzle. The rotary part is driven by the airflow ejected from the primary air inlet pipe. When the rotary part rotates, it synchronously drives the scraping part to scrape and clean the inside of the atomizing nozzle. An adjusting assembly, comprising an adjusting ring arranged outside the atomizing nozzle and placed at the bottom of the rotating scraping assembly, a pushing member is arranged outside the adjusting ring, and the pushing member pushes the adjusting ring to block the air inlet, thereby adjusting the opening size of the air inlet; The scraping part includes a rotating frame, which is arranged inside the atomizing nozzle and fits the inner wall of the atomizing nozzle, and scrapes the oil film on the inner wall of the atomizing nozzle when rotating; A connecting ring, which is arranged at one end of the rotating frame facing the discharge port; A rotating ring is arranged at one end of the rotating frame facing the air inlet and is placed inside the rotating part. The rotating part can drive the rotating frame to rotate inside the atomizing nozzle. The rotating part includes a wind wheel, which corresponds to the position of the first-stage air inlet pipe, and the inner ring of which is movably connected to the outer wall of the atomizing nozzle; A mounting ring, which is sleeved on the outer side of the rotating ring and connected to the wind wheel through a state conversion component; The state conversion assembly includes an annular groove formed on the side wall of the inner ring of the wind wheel, an elastic member is arranged in the annular groove, one end of the elastic member is connected to the annular groove, and the other end of the elastic member is connected to the mounting ring; The ring plate is placed at one end of the impeller away from the feed pipe and is sealingly and slidably connected to the inner wall of the atomizing shell, and both sides of the ring plate are provided with limit grooves distributed in an array and arranged in a staggered manner; Two limiting blocks are respectively arranged on both sides of the ring plate and connected to the inner wall of the atomizing shell, and are matched with the limiting grooves.

2. The catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The state conversion assembly also includes a magnetic ring, which is placed on a side of the ring plate away from the rotating part; An electromagnetic component is disposed at one end of the atomizing nozzle facing the feed pipe; By controlling the direction of the current passing into the electromagnetic component, the electromagnetic component generates magnetic force to drive the magnetic ring to move, thereby driving the wind wheel to move back and forth in the axial direction of the atomizing nozzle.

3. The catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the ring plate is in the first position, the limit groove and the limit block are in a non-connected state, and the wind wheel is in a rotating state under the influence of the first-stage air inlet pipe; When the ring plate is in the second position, that is, the ring plate and the limit block close to the discharge port are in a limit state, at this time, the wind wheel is in a fixed state due to the influence of the limit block; When the ring plate is in the third position, that is, the ring plate and the limiting block on the side close to the air inlet are in a limiting state, at this time, the wind wheel is in a fixed state due to the influence of the limiting block.

4. The catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The atomizing nozzle extends from the discharge port to the rotary scraping component, and one end is provided with oblique holes and connecting holes distributed in a circumferential array, and the oblique holes and connecting holes are staggered. A secondary air inlet pipe is arranged outside the atomizing shell and is placed on the top of the ring plate.

5. The catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gas outlet end of the inclined hole faces the discharge port, and the gas outlet end of the connecting hole faces the inner wall of the feed pipe.

6. The catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer side of the connecting ring is provided with blocking plates which are distributed in an array and staggered with the rotating frame, and the blocking plates are used to block part of the inclined holes; The rotating frame can block the connecting hole.

7. The catalytic riser nozzle with an anti-coking structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the ring plate is in the first position, the rotating ring is in a rotating state, the blocking plates alternately block the inclined holes, and the rotating frame alternately blocks the connecting holes; When the ring plate is in the second position, the rotating ring is in a fixed state, the blocking plate blocks part of the inclined holes, and the rotating frame blocks the connecting holes; When the ring plate is in the third position, the rotating ring is in a fixed state, the blocking plate blocks part of the inclined holes, and the rotating frame releases the blocking state of the connecting holes.

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