Filling and digging face observation device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to a filling and digging face observation device which comprises a base, a supporting table is fixedly arranged on the base, and a liftable fixing plate is arranged on the supporting table; two sets of fixing mechanisms are arranged on the base in the length direction of the base at equal intervals, each fixing mechanism comprises a puncture assembly and a ground gripping assembly, each puncture assembly comprises a screw-in structure arranged on the supporting table, and each ground gripping assembly comprises an expansion structure connected with the screw-in structure; the driving assembly is arranged on the base, is connected with the expansion structure and the screw-in structure, and can sequentially drive the screw-in structure and the expansion structure to act, so that the base is fixed on the ground; the horizontal clamping mechanism is arranged on the fixing plate and comprises a storage box, the storage box is connected with the fixing plate through a leveling structure, after the base is fixed to the ground, the leveling structure can enable the storage box to be parallel to the horizontal ground, and when an observation instrument is placed on the storage box, a clamping assembly is triggered, and the observation instrument can be fixed to the storage box.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to a filling and excavation appearance observation device. Background Art

[0002] Topographic surveying refers to the work of surveying and mapping topographic maps, that is, determining the projection position and elevation of the objects and terrain on the earth's surface on the horizontal plane, reducing them at a certain ratio, and drawing them into topographic maps with symbols and annotations. Landform observation basically adopts aerial photogrammetry methods. Earthwork excavation and filling operations are required in hydropower projects. Earthwork excavation and filling refers to the mining, loading, transportation, unloading, spreading and compacting of natural building materials such as earth, sand and gravel. After completion, the landform needs to be observed to ensure the rationality of the project layout.

[0003] However, since most construction sites are made of mud, the ground is uneven and the geology is relatively soft, the installation of the observation device is more troublesome when using it for observation. During observation, the observation device may tip over or slide due to the geological conditions, thus affecting the observation results. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a filling and excavation appearance observation device to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A filling and excavation appearance observation device comprises a base, a support platform is fixedly arranged on the base, and a lifting and lowering fixed plate is arranged on the support platform;

[0007] The base is provided with two sets of fixing mechanisms equidistantly along its length direction, the fixing mechanisms comprising a puncture assembly and a gripping assembly, the puncture assembly comprising a screw-in structure arranged on the support platform, and the gripping assembly comprising an expansion structure connected to the screw-in structure;

[0008] A driving assembly, arranged on the base, connected to the expansion structure and the screw-in structure, capable of driving the screw-in structure and the expansion structure to move in sequence, thereby fixing the base on the ground;

[0009] A horizontal clamping mechanism is arranged on the fixed plate and includes a storage box. The storage box is connected to the fixed plate through a leveling structure. When the base is fixed on the ground, the leveling structure can make the storage box parallel to the horizontal ground. When the scope is placed on the storage box, the clamping assembly is triggered to fix the scope on the storage box.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the screw-in structure includes a fixed sleeve fixed on the support platform, a protrusion is formed on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve, and a puncture rod is arranged in the fixed sleeve, a spiral groove is opened on the outer wall of the puncture rod, and the protrusion is slidably arranged in the spiral groove.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the expansion structure includes a lifting rod, the lifting rod is arranged in a chamber formed inside the puncture rod, and the lifting rod is rotatably installed with a sleeve ring at one end facing the base, and the sleeve ring is equidistantly provided with multiple groups of connecting rods along its circumferential direction, and the connecting rod is rotatably installed with an expansion plate at one end away from the sleeve ring, and the expansion plate is slidably arranged in a leading groove opened on the puncture rod along its circumferential direction.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the driving assembly includes a Maltese cross movement, a rotating member and a lifting structure;

[0013] The Maltese cross movement is installed on a support frame, the support frame is fixedly arranged on the base, and the Maltese cross movement includes a driving wheel, a first driven wheel and a second driven wheel.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the rotating member includes a rotating rod slidably connected to the puncture rod, and the rotating rod is connected to a pulley coaxially fixedly arranged on the first driven wheel through a belt.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the lifting structure includes a gear coaxially fixed with the second driven wheel, the gear is meshed with a toothed plate slidably arranged on the support platform, and a movable plate is fixedly arranged on the toothed plate, a mating groove is provided on the movable plate, and a fixing rod fixedly connected to the lifting rod is slidably arranged in the mating groove.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the clamping assembly includes a sliding rod fixedly arranged in the storage box, a spring is slidably arranged on the sliding rod, one end of the spring abuts against the storage box, and the other end abuts against a lifting sleeve slidably arranged on the sliding rod, and the lifting sleeve has four groups of hinged rods equidistantly arranged along its circumferential direction, and one end of the hinged rod away from the lifting sleeve is rotatably connected to a clamping plate slidably arranged on the storage box.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: a trigger member is also provided on the storage box, and the trigger member includes a storage plate slidably arranged on the storage box, the storage plate is fixed to the lifting sleeve and is coaxial with the sliding rod, and a plurality of groups of balls are equidistantly arranged on a side of the storage plate away from the storage box along its circumferential direction.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] By setting a fixing mechanism and using a driving assembly to drive the piercing assembly and the gripping assembly to move in sequence, the piercing rod and the lifting rod can be first driven to penetrate into the ground in a screwing manner, and the position of the base is fixed to the ground so that the base will not slide relative to the ground, and then the expansion plate is driven to protrude from the piercing rod, thereby increasing the gripping area of ​​the piercing rod and the ground, so as to reduce the probability of the entire device tipping over and improve the overall stability of the device;

[0020] At the same time, by setting up a horizontal clamping mechanism and utilizing a leveling structure, the storage box is always kept parallel to the horizontal ground. Subsequently, the observation instrument can be fixedly set at the center of the storage box using a clamping assembly for subsequent observation work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filling and excavation surface observation device.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the fixing mechanism and the base in the filling and excavation surface observation device.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing mechanism in the filling and excavation surface observation device.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component in the filling and excavation surface observation device.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the puncture component in the fill and excavation surface observation device.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the extended structure in the filling and excavation surface observation device.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting structure in the filling and excavation surface observation device.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the leveling structure in the excavation and filling surface observation device.

[0029] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the storage box in the filling and excavation surface observation device.

[0030] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping assembly in the excavation and filling surface observation device.

[0031] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the storage tray in the filling and excavation surface observation device.

[0032] In the figure: 1, base; 2, support platform; 3, electric telescopic rod; 4, fixed plate; 401, threaded rod; 5, storage box; 501, through slot; 502, T-slot; 6, observation instrument; 7, support frame; 8, piercing rod; 801, spiral slot; 802, leading slot; 9, fixed sleeve; 901, protruding column; 10, lifting rod; 1001, fixed rod; 11, moving plate; 1101, vertical slot; 1102, inclined slot; 12, gear; 13 , tooth plate; 14, rotating rod; 1401, protrusion; 15, pulley; 16, belt; 17, first driven wheel; 18, driving wheel; 1801, trigger rod; 19, second driven wheel; 20, sleeve ring; 21, connecting rod; 22, expansion plate; 23, clamping plate; 2301, T-block; 24, level ball; 25, plumb bob; 26, hinged rod; 27, lifting sleeve; 28, spring; 29, slide rod; 30, storage tray; 31, ball bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In addition, when an element in the present invention is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only embodiment.

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 11 In an embodiment of the present invention, a filling and excavation appearance observation device includes a base 1, a support platform 2 is fixedly arranged on the base 1, and a lifting and lowering fixed plate 4 is arranged on the support platform 2;

[0036] For details, see Figure 1 , Figure 8 The base 1 is equipped with universal wheels to facilitate the movement of the base 1, and four groups of electric telescopic rods 3 are fixedly arranged on the support platform 2. The fixed plate 4 is fixedly connected to the telescopic ends of the electric telescopic rods 3, and the four groups of electric telescopic rods 3 are controlled by the same motor and can move synchronously, thereby controlling the fixed plate 4 to move away from or close to the support platform 2, thereby changing the spatial height of the fixed plate 4, and thus adjusting the height of the observation instrument 6 arranged on the fixed plate 4 to meet actual observation needs.

[0037] The base 1 is provided with two sets of fixing mechanisms equidistantly along its length direction, the fixing mechanisms comprising a puncture assembly and a gripping assembly, the puncture assembly comprising a screw-in structure provided on the support platform 2, and the gripping assembly comprising an expansion structure connected to the screw-in structure;

[0038] The screw-in structure includes a fixed sleeve 9 fixed on the support platform 2, a protruding column 901 is formed on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve 9, and a puncture rod 8 is arranged in the fixed sleeve 9, a spiral groove 801 is formed on the outer wall of the puncture rod 8, and the protruding column 901 is slidably arranged in the spiral groove 801;

[0039] For details, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 In the initial state, the tip of the piercing rod 8 is higher than the ground, and the protruding column 901 is located at the end of the stroke of the spiral groove 801. When the piercing rod 8 rotates clockwise, the protruding column 901 and the groove wall of the spiral groove 801 are squeezed to force the piercing rod 8 to move toward the ground. At this time, the piercing rod 8 will be screwed into the ground, thereby piercing into the ground, fixing the position of the base 1 so that the base 1 will not slide relative to the ground, thereby facilitating the observation of the observation instrument 6; when the observation is completed and the position needs to be changed, the piercing rod 8 is driven to reverse, and the reversed piercing rod 8 will be separated from the ground with the cooperation of the protruding column 901 and the spiral groove 801, so that the base 1 can be moved, thereby facilitating the position change of the base 1.

[0040] The expansion structure includes a lifting rod 10, the lifting rod 10 is arranged in a chamber formed inside the puncture rod 8, and the lifting rod 10 is rotatably mounted with a sleeve ring 20 at one end facing the base 1, the sleeve ring 20 is equidistantly provided with multiple groups of connecting rods 21 along its circumferential direction, and the connecting rod 21 is rotatably mounted with an expansion plate 22 at one end away from the sleeve ring 20, and the expansion plate 22 is slidably arranged in the leading groove 802 opened along the circumferential direction of the puncture rod 8;

[0041] For details, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6In the initial state, the lifting rod 10 is away from the base 1. At this time, due to the connecting action of the fixed-length connecting rod 21, the expansion plate 22 will approach the axis of the piercing rod 8 so that the expansion plate 22 will not protrude from the piercing rod 8. When the piercing rod 8 penetrates into the soil, the lifting rod 10 is driven to move toward the base 1. At this time, the sleeve ring 20 will push the expansion plate 22 to protrude from the piercing rod 8 under the connecting action of the connecting rod 21, thereby increasing the contact area between the piercing rod 8 and the ground, so that the stability of the base 1 fixed to the ground is higher, thereby reducing the probability of the base 1 tipping over.

[0042] For further information, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , a filling and excavation face observation device, further comprising a driving assembly, which is arranged on the base 1, connected to the expansion structure and the screw-in structure, and can successively drive the screw-in structure and the expansion structure to move, thereby fixing the base 1 on the ground;

[0043] The driving assembly includes a Maltese cross movement, a rotating part and a lifting structure;

[0044] The Maltese cross movement is mounted on a support frame 7, the support frame 7 is fixedly arranged on the base 1, and the Maltese cross movement includes a driving wheel 18, a first driven wheel 17 and a second driven wheel 19;

[0045] The rotating member comprises a rotating rod 14 slidably connected to the puncture rod 8, and the rotating rod 14 is connected to a pulley 15 coaxially fixedly arranged on the first driven wheel 17 through a belt 16;

[0046] For details, see Figure 4 The rotating rod 14 is provided with two groups of protrusions 1401 equidistantly along its circumferential direction. The protrusions 1401 are slidably arranged in the grooves formed on the inner wall of the puncture rod 8. With the cooperation of the protrusions 1401 and the puncture rod 8, the puncture rod 8 can rotate synchronously with the rotating rod 14 and can slide relatively along the axial direction of the rotating rod 14.

[0047] Specifically, the rotating shaft of the driving wheel 18 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor fixedly installed on the support frame 7, and a trigger rod 1801 is fixedly arranged on the driving wheel 18. The first driven wheel 17 and the second driven wheel 19 are provided with four groups of grooves equidistantly along their circumferential direction. When the driving wheel 18 rotates one circle, the trigger rod 1801 will successively combine with the grooves on the first driven wheel 17 and the second driven wheel 19, driving the first driven wheel 17 and the second driven wheel 19 to rotate a quarter of a circle. In particular, the radius of the pulley 15 is a multiple of the radius of the rotating rod 14, so that the pulley 15 can drive the rotating rod 14 to rotate multiple circles when following the first driven wheel 17 to rotate a quarter of a circle, and then drive the piercing rod 8 to rotate multiple circles. At this time, the rotating piercing rod 8 will be screwed into the ground with the cooperation of the protruding column 901 and the spiral groove 801, so as to fix the position of the base 1.

[0048] The lifting structure includes a gear 12 fixedly arranged coaxially with the second driven wheel 19, the gear 12 is meshed with a toothed plate 13 slidably arranged on the support platform 2, and a moving plate 11 is fixedly arranged on the toothed plate 13, and an engaging groove is provided on the moving plate 11, and a fixing rod 1001 fixedly connected to the lifting rod 10 is slidably arranged in the engaging groove;

[0049] For details, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 7 The above-mentioned embedded groove body includes a vertical groove 1101 and an inclined groove 1102. In the initial state, the above-mentioned fixed rod 1001 is located at the end of the stroke of the vertical groove 1101. In summary, after the base 1 moves to a suitable position, the servo motor is started, and the motor output shaft drives the driving wheel 18 to rotate continuously counterclockwise (combined with Figure 3), the trigger rod 1801 will first enter into meshing transmission with the first driven wheel 17 and rotate, driving the first driven wheel 17 to rotate a quarter of a turn clockwise, and then drive the rotating rod 14 to rotate multiple circles under the connection of the pulley 15 and the belt 16, and under the cooperation of the protruding column 901 and the spiral groove 801, drive the piercing rod 8 and the lifting rod 10 to be screwed into the ground, thereby fixing the position of the base 1. At this time, the descending lifting rod 10 will drive the fixing rod 1001 to slide along the vertical groove 1101 until the inclined groove 1102 contacts the vertical groove 1101, and then the driving wheel 18 separates from the first driven wheel 17, and then enters into meshing transmission with the second driven wheel 19 to rotate, forcing the second driven wheel 19 to rotate clockwise, and the gear 12 that follows the rotation of the second driven wheel 19 will pull The movable plate 11 moves toward the direction of the second driven wheel 19. At this time, the fixed rod 1001 and the groove wall of the inclined groove 1102 are in contact and squeezed to force the lifting rod 10 to move closer to the ground, so that the expansion plate 22 protrudes from the puncture rod 8 to increase the grip area of ​​the puncture rod 8 and the ground, so as to reduce the probability of the overall device tipping over and improve the overall stability of the device; after use, the servo motor is started to reverse, and the counterclockwise rotating driving wheel 18 will first enter into a meshing transmission state with the second driven wheel 19, drive the second driven wheel 19 to rotate counterclockwise, and retract the expansion plate 22 into the puncture rod 8, and then the driving wheel 18 and the first driven wheel 17 enter into a meshing transmission state, drive the first driven wheel 17 to rotate counterclockwise, and pull the puncture rod 8 out of the ground, thereby facilitating the movement of the device.

[0050] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 , a filling and excavation face observation device, further comprising a horizontal clamping mechanism, which is arranged on the fixing plate 4, and comprises a storage box 5, wherein the storage box 5 is connected to the fixing plate 4 through a leveling structure, and when the base 1 is fixed on the ground, the leveling structure can make the storage box 5 parallel to the horizontal ground, and when the observation instrument 6 is placed on the storage box 5, the clamping assembly is triggered to fix the observation instrument 6 on the storage box 5;

[0051] For details, please refer to Figure 8 , Fig. 9The leveling structure includes a horizontal ball 24 fixedly connected to the storage box 5, the horizontal ball 24 is ball-connected with the fixing plate 4, and a plumb bob 25 is fixedly arranged on the horizontal ball 24, and a threaded rod 401 is arranged on the fixing plate 4, and the threaded rod 401 can fix the horizontal ball 24 so that the storage box 5 can be fixed relative to the fixing plate 4. Specifically, in the initial state, the end of the threaded rod 401 does not contact and squeeze the horizontal ball 24. After the base 1 moves to a suitable position, the horizontal ball 24 will drive the storage box 5 to deflect under the influence of the plumb bob 25, so that the storage box 5 remains parallel to the horizontal ground. Then, the threaded rod 401 is rotated to squeeze its end with the horizontal ball 24, so that the position of the horizontal ball 24 can be fixed, so that the position state of the storage box 5 remains unchanged, thereby facilitating observation by the observation instrument 6.

[0052] The clamping assembly includes a slide bar 29 fixedly arranged in the storage box 5, and a spring 28 is slidably arranged on the slide bar 29, one end of the spring 28 abuts against the storage box 5, and the other end abuts against a lifting sleeve 27 slidably arranged on the slide bar 29, and the lifting sleeve 27 is equidistantly arranged with four groups of hinged rods 26 along its circumferential direction, and one end of the hinged rod 26 away from the lifting sleeve 27 is rotatably connected to a clamping plate 23 slidably arranged on the storage box 5;

[0053] The storage box 5 is also provided with a trigger member, which includes a storage tray 30 slidably provided on the storage box 5, the storage tray 30 is fixed to the lifting sleeve 27, and is coaxial with the slide rod 29, and a plurality of groups of balls 31 are equidistantly provided on a side of the storage box 5 away from the storage box 5 along its circumferential direction;

[0054] For details, please refer to Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 The clamping plate 23 is placed in the through slot 501 provided on the storage box 5, and a T-block 2301 is fixedly provided on the left and right side plates, and the T-block 2301 is slidably provided in the T-slot 502 provided on the storage box 5, so that the clamping plate 23 can only slide on the storage box 5. In the initial state, the spring 28 is in a compressed state, and the compressed spring 28 pushes the lifting sleeve 27 close to the clamping plate 23. At this time, under the connection action of the fixed-length hinge rod 26, the four sets of clamping plates 23 move away from each other. When the position of the base 1 is fixed and the storage box 5 is kept parallel to the horizontal ground, the observation instrument 6 is placed on the storage tray 30. The observation instrument 6 will press the storage tray 30 downward, so that the lifting sleeve 27 presses the spring 28 downward. At this time, the lifting sleeve 27 moving downward will pull the clamping plates 23 closer to each other, come into contact with the observation instrument 6, and push the observation instrument 6 to slide on the storage tray 30. Finally, the observation instrument 6 is clamped at the center of the storage box 5 for subsequent observation work.

[0055] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0056] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A filling and excavation appearance observation device, comprising a base (1), a support platform (2) is fixedly arranged on the base (1), and a lifting and lowering fixing plate (4) is arranged on the support platform (2); Features: The base (1) is provided with two sets of fixing mechanisms equidistantly along its length direction, the fixing mechanisms comprising a puncture assembly and a gripping assembly, the puncture assembly comprising a screw-in structure arranged on the support platform (2), and the gripping assembly comprising an expansion structure connected to the screw-in structure; A driving assembly, arranged on the base (1), connected to the expansion structure and the screw-in structure, capable of driving the screw-in structure and the expansion structure to move in sequence, thereby fixing the base (1) on the ground; The horizontal clamping mechanism is arranged on the fixing plate (4) and comprises a storage box (5). The storage box (5) is connected to the fixing plate (4) via a leveling structure. When the base (1) is fixed on the ground, the leveling structure can make the storage box (5) parallel to the horizontal ground. When the observation instrument (6) is placed on the storage box (5), the clamping assembly is triggered to fix the observation instrument (6) on the storage box (5).

2. The excavation and filling feature observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screw-in structure comprises a fixed sleeve (9) fixed on the support platform (2), a protruding column (901) is formed on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve (9), a puncture rod (8) is arranged in the fixed sleeve (9), a spiral groove (801) is formed on the outer wall of the puncture rod (8), and the protruding column (901) is slidably arranged in the spiral groove (801).

3. The excavation and filling feature observation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The expansion structure comprises a lifting rod (10), the lifting rod (10) being arranged in a chamber formed inside the puncture rod (8), and a sleeve ring (20) is rotatably mounted on one end of the lifting rod (10) facing the base (1), the sleeve ring (20) being provided with a plurality of groups of connecting rods (21) equidistantly arranged along its circumferential direction, an expansion plate (22) is rotatably mounted on one end of the connecting rod (21) away from the sleeve ring (20), and the expansion plate (22) is slidably arranged in a leading groove (802) opened along the circumferential direction of the puncture rod (8).

4. The excavation and filling feature observation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a Maltese cross movement, a rotating part and a lifting structure; The Maltese cross movement is mounted on a support frame (7), the support frame (7) is fixedly arranged on the base (1), and the Maltese cross movement comprises a driving wheel (18), a first driven wheel (17) and a second driven wheel (19).

5. The excavation and filling feature observation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating member comprises a rotating rod (14) slidably connected to the piercing rod (8), and the rotating rod (14) is connected to a pulley (15) coaxially fixedly arranged on the first driven wheel (17) through a belt (16).

6. The excavation and filling feature observation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lifting structure comprises a gear (12) coaxially fixedly arranged with the second driven wheel (19), the gear (12) meshing with a toothed plate (13) slidably arranged on the support platform (2), and a movable plate (11) is fixedly arranged on the toothed plate (13), and a fitting groove is provided on the movable plate (11), and a fixed rod (1001) fixedly connected to the lifting rod (10) is slidably arranged in the fitting groove.

7. The excavation and filling feature observation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping assembly comprises a slide bar (29) fixedly arranged in the storage box (5), a spring (28) being slidably arranged on the slide bar (29), one end of the spring (28) being in contact with the storage box (5), and the other end being in contact with a lifting sleeve (27) slidably arranged on the slide bar (29), and the lifting sleeve (27) being equidistantly arranged with four groups of hinged rods (26) along its circumferential direction, and one end of the hinged rod (26) being away from the lifting sleeve (27) being rotatably connected with a clamping plate (23) slidably arranged on the storage box (5).

8. The excavation and filling feature observation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The storage box (5) is also provided with a trigger member, which comprises a storage tray (30) slidably arranged on the storage box (5), the storage tray (30) is fixed to the lifting sleeve (27) and is coaxial with the slide rod (29), and a plurality of groups of balls (31) are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction of the storage tray (30) on a side away from the storage box (5).

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