Test device and method for simulating cascade reservoir dam break flood wave impact

Abstract

The invention relates to a test device and method for simulating cascade reservoir dam break flood wave impact, and belongs to the technical field of dam break tests, the test device comprises a test pool, and the upper surface of the test pool is recessed downwards to form a water tank; the length direction of a water tank is arranged in the X direction, a gate assembly and a dam model assembly are arranged in the water tank, and the gate assembly and the dam model assembly divide the water tank into a water storage area, a propagation area and a containing area in sequence; the propagation area is provided with a simulation board assembly; a support frame is erected at the upper end of the test pool, and a panoramic camera is mounted on the support frame; a plurality of water flow velocity sensors are mounted on the side surface of the propagation area; a plurality of pressure sensors are installed on the surface of the side, close to the gate assembly, of the dam model assembly, and the pressure sensors can monitor the impact force generated when water flow impacts the simulation plate assembly. And a control panel is mounted on the test pool. According to the device and the method, different types of dam break scenes can be simulated, and more accurate and reliable experimental data can be provided for actual conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of dam burst tests, and in particular relates to a device and method for simulating cascade reservoir dam burst flood wave impact test. Background Art

[0002] The flood caused by the instantaneous collapse of dams or other water-retaining structures and the sudden release of water is far more destructive than ordinary rainstorm floods or snowmelt floods. Its movement speed and destructive power are much greater than ordinary floods, and the disasters caused are often devastating. In addition, many factors such as the type of dam body and the shape of the dam break will affect the propagation of the dam break wave. Therefore, when studying the dam break wave problem, the dam break process is often simplified, that is, it is assumed that the dam body is completely collapsed instantly. Although this assumption simplifies the problem, for actual engineering, more sophisticated and accurate simulation is required.

[0003] At present, the research on dam break waves is mainly carried out through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and flume model experiments. Theoretical analysis derives the motion characteristics and propagation laws of dam break waves through physical and mathematical models, but this method often requires a lot of assumptions, and the results may deviate from the actual situation. Numerical simulation uses computers to simulate the propagation process of dam break waves, which requires a lot of computing resources and accurate initial conditions to accurately describe the behavior of dam break waves under complex conditions. The flume model experiment forms dam break waves by quickly lifting the gate, and measures the flow velocity and water level at the same time. This method can intuitively observe the propagation process of dam break waves, but the traditional single-point measurement technology that contacts the water body and measures flood characteristics at one point is limited by non-constant flow characteristics, and it is difficult to fully capture the dynamic characteristics of dam break waves, especially the contour of the wave front area.

[0004] Dam break waves are non-steady flows whose flow characteristics (velocity and water level) change over time and flow path, so traditional invasive and single-point measurement techniques are not suitable for this situation. Especially in the wave front area, the ideal measurement technology should be non-contact, image-based measurement technology. This technology can continuously and comprehensively record the propagation process and characteristics of dam break waves.

[0005] At the same time, the dam of the downstream reservoir faces extremely high risks when it is impacted by the dam break wave of the upstream reservoir. The water volume and speed brought by the dam break wave increase instantly, which may exceed the design tolerance of the downstream dam, causing damage to the dam structure or even another collapse. The impact of the dam break wave on the downstream dam is not only the increase in water pressure, but also the impact of silt, debris, etc. The superposition of these factors will significantly increase the risk of damage to the dam. Therefore, studying and simulating the impact of the upstream reservoir dam break on the downstream reservoir dam is of great significance for evaluating the safety of the downstream dam and formulating corresponding protective measures.

[0006] In summary, the image-based measurement technology and its application in dam break waves have important scientific significance and practical engineering application prospects for studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of the wavefront area of ​​dam break waves and exploring their physical mechanisms and motion laws. However, there is currently a lack of devices and methods that can simulate the impact of upstream reservoir dam break on the downstream reservoir dam body, making it difficult to provide theoretical data support for the hazards that may be caused by actual dam break. This gap needs to be filled urgently to improve the ability to predict and protect against dam break disasters. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a simulated cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test device and method, which can simulate the impact of an upstream reservoir dam-break on a downstream reservoir dam body.

[0008] A test device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-breaking flood wave impact of the present invention comprises a test pool, the upper surface of which is concave downward to form a water tank; Assume that the length direction of the water tank is along the X direction, and a gate assembly and a dam model assembly are provided in the water tank, and the gate assembly and the dam model assembly are arranged at intervals along the X direction; Observing from the X direction, the gate component and the dam model component divide the water tank into a closed water storage area, a propagation area, and a receiving area in sequence; the gate component can be opened to allow water in the water storage area to flow into the propagation area; The propagation area has a simulation plate assembly to simulate the surface over which the water flows; A panoramic camera is installed at the top of the test pool to ensure that the water flow in the propagation area can be fully captured; A plurality of water flow velocity sensors are installed on the side of the propagation area, each of which is arranged at intervals along the X direction, and the water flow velocity sensors are located above the simulation board assembly; the plurality of water flow velocity sensors can monitor the flow velocity of water at various positions in the propagation area; a plurality of pressure sensors are installed on the surface of one side of the dam model assembly close to the gate assembly, and the plurality of pressure sensors are located above the simulation board assembly, and the pressure sensors can monitor the impact force of water flow hitting the simulation board assembly; a control panel is installed on the workbench.

[0009] Furthermore, one end of the simulation board assembly along the X direction is connected to the gate assembly, and the other end is connected to the dam model assembly; when the simulation board assembly is placed horizontally, the simulation board assembly is in an initial state; the simulation board assembly can maintain the initial state and change its length along the X direction; the simulation board assembly can also maintain a non-initial state, that is, maintain a non-horizontal placement; Furthermore, the gate assembly comprises: A gate frame, fixed to the inner wall of the water tank; The gate plate is movably mounted on the gate frame and can slide vertically relative to the gate frame; A lifting assembly is used to move the gate plate vertically so that water in the water storage area can flow from the lower end of the gate plate into the propagation area; The lifting assembly includes: The lifting motor, the non-rotating shaft end of which is fixed on the gate plate, and the rotating shaft axis of the lifting motor is arranged vertically; the opening speed and opening degree of the gate plate can be set by the control panel; The driving bevel gear is fixed on the rotating shaft of the lifting motor, and its axis coincides with the axis of the rotating shaft of the lifting motor; Two drive components, assuming that a surface parallel to the X direction and passing through the axis of the rotating shaft of the lifting motor is a surface P, the two drive components are symmetrically arranged along the surface P; the drive components include: The screw rod is rotatably connected to the gate frame. The axis of the screw rod is along the Y direction. When viewed from a top view, the Y direction is perpendicular to the X direction. The driven bevel gear is fixed on the screw rod, and its axis coincides with the axis of the screw rod, and the driven bevel gear meshes with the driving bevel gear; The slider is movably mounted on the gate frame and can slide along the Y direction; the slider is threadedly connected to the lead screw; The scissor-type connecting rod is located between the slider and the gate plate, connecting the upper end of the gate plate and the two sliders; the sliders can move the gate plate vertically by moving closer to or away from each other.

[0010] A scissor-type linkage is provided in the gate assembly. The advantage of the scissor-type linkage is that, for example, compared with using a screw to drive the gate plate to move, the scissor-type linkage can allow the gate plate to change its vertical speed quickly, which meets the requirements of rapid dam break in this test. If other structures are used, rapid dam break may not be achieved.

[0011] Furthermore, the analog board assembly comprises: The movable sleeve plate is disposed at one end of the gate assembly and is rotatably connected to the surface of the gate frame by means of a movable shaft; the axis of the movable shaft is along the Y direction; The expansion slot is formed by cutting the movable sleeve plate from the starting surface along the X direction, assuming that the end surface of the movable sleeve plate away from the gate assembly is the starting surface; The movable slide plate, wherein the end of the movable slide plate facing the gate assembly is the g end, and the end of the movable slide plate facing the dam model assembly is the h end; the g end of the movable slide plate extends into the telescopic groove, and the movable slide plate can slide relative to the telescopic groove; the h end of the movable slide plate abuts against the corresponding surface of the dam model assembly through a sealing gasket; The adjusting component is installed on the side surface of the dam model component facing the movable slide plate; the adjusting component is located below the movable slide plate, and the adjusting component is used to lift the h end of the movable slide plate; the adjusting component includes: A connecting seat is fixed on a surface of the dam model component on one side facing the movable slide plate; A connecting sleeve is fixed on the upper surface of the connecting seat, and the axis of the connecting sleeve is arranged vertically; A threaded rod is rotatably connected in the connecting sleeve, and the axis of the threaded rod coincides with the axis of the connecting sleeve; A motor cavity is provided in the connecting sleeve, and a driving motor for driving the threaded rod to rotate is installed in the motor cavity; The telescopic column is inserted into the connecting sleeve, the axis of the telescopic column coincides with the axis of the connecting sleeve, the telescopic column passes through the upper end of the connecting sleeve, the telescopic column is movably clamped in the connecting sleeve, and the telescopic column can slide vertically; the telescopic column is threadedly connected to the threaded rod; A connecting ear plate is fixed to the upper surface of the telescopic column; The connecting block is hinged with the connecting ear plate through a through shaft, and the axis of the through shaft is along the Y direction; A movable groove is provided on the lower surface of the movable slide plate; The slide bar is fixed in the moving groove. The surface where the slide bar is located is assumed to be surface Z. Surface Z is arranged vertically, and the axis of the through-shaft is perpendicular to surface Z. The connecting block is movably clamped on the slide bar, and the connecting block can move along the axis of the slide bar.

[0012] The analog board assembly is arranged in this way, so as to satisfy the purpose of being able to extend and retract along the X direction and also satisfy the purpose of adjusting the inclination angle.

[0013] Furthermore, the dam model component comprises: The dam model block is in the water tank, and the surface of the dam model block and the surface corresponding to the water tank are sealed by a rubber pad; the dam model block can slide relative to the water tank along the X direction; The electric telescopic rod is in the accommodating area, and the axis of the electric telescopic rod is along the X direction; the non-telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod is fixed on the surface corresponding to the accommodating area, and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod is fixed on the surface of one end of the dam model block away from the gate assembly.

[0014] The dam model assembly is mechanically controlled by telescoping the length of the simulation board assembly along the X direction.

[0015] Furthermore, when the lower end of the gate plate contacts the surface of the water tank, the upper end surface of the gate plate is higher than the upper surface of the test pool; the upper end surface of the dam model block is higher than the upper surface of the test pool.

[0016] The upper end height of the gate plate is higher than the upper surface of the test pool, which can ensure that the maximum water level in the water storage area reaches the upper end of the water storage area. The upper end height of the dam model block is higher than the upper surface of the test pool, which can prevent water from flowing into the holding area.

[0017] Furthermore, objects can be placed on the upper surface of the simulation board assembly to change the roughness of the simulation board assembly.

[0018] Providing more comprehensive test conditions, the test data generated is more comprehensive.

[0019] A method for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test, comprising the following steps: S1: Assemble a test device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact; S2: Use the control panel to set the test parameters; the test parameters include: 1) Select the length of the simulated board assembly along the X direction; select the inclination angle of the simulated board assembly; select the roughness of the simulated board assembly; 2) Select the water storage volume of the water storage area; 3) Select the door opening mode of the gate assembly, which includes the opening degree and opening rate of the gate plate; S3: according to the test parameters set in S2, water is injected into the water storage area; the panoramic camera, all water flow rate sensors, and all pressure sensors are turned on; S4: According to the parameter requirements set in S2, after the water storage area is filled with water, the gate plate is opened according to the requirements in S2, and the flow rate data of all water flow rate sensors, the pressure data of all pressure sensors and the video stream image of the panoramic camera are recorded; and one test is completed; S5: Repeat S1-S4, change the test parameters in S2, and conduct multiple tests; S6: Integrate and analyze data from multiple experiments.

[0020] Furthermore, the opening degree includes: 1 / 2 opening, 1 / 4 opening and fully opening; 1 / 2 opening means that after the gate plate is opened, the lower end of the gate plate is located at 1 / 2 depth below the water surface of the water storage area; 1 / 4 opening means that after the gate plate is opened, the lower end of the gate plate is located at 3 / 4 depth below the water surface of the water storage area; fully opening means that after the gate plate is opened, the lower end of the gate plate is located at the water surface of the water storage area; the opening rate includes: instantaneous opening, speed opening, V 1 Open at a constant speed and with acceleration a 1 Acceleration on.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Use gate components to simulate the dam breach of the upstream reservoir, the speed of propagation, and the impact on the dam of the downstream reservoir; provide a theoretical basis for the actual dam breach.

[0023] 2. A simulation board assembly is set up, and the simulation board assembly can change the inclination angle and the length along the X direction to simulate more different test scenarios and provide more test data; 3. A gate assembly is set up to adjust the opening rate and degree of opening, simulate different gap shapes and burst speeds of upstream dam breaches, provide more test scenarios, and obtain more test data.

[0024] 4. Multiple flow velocity sensors are used to monitor the wavefront velocity of flood waves at different locations; it is suitable for the flow characteristics of non-constant flows such as flood waves.

[0025] 5. A panoramic camera is used to measure the water level of flood waves in a non-contact, image-based measurement method, which is suitable for the flow characteristics of non-constant flows such as flood waves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first embodiment; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gate assembly; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the entire second embodiment; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulation board assembly in Example 2; Figure 7 It is a two-dimensional evolution diagram of a single flood wave in Embodiment 3; Figure 8 It is a superposition diagram of the two-dimensional evolution diagram of flood waves at different times in the third embodiment; Fig. 9 It is the pressure sensor data when the dam body is impacted in the third embodiment.

[0027] 1. Workbench; 2. Control panel; 3. Test pool; 4. Water tank; 5. Water storage area; 6. Accommodation area; 7. Propagation area; 8. Gate assembly; 81. Gate frame; 82. Gate plate; 83. Lifting motor; 84. Active bevel gear; 85. Screw rod; 86. Driven bevel gear; 87. Sliding block; 88. Short rod A; 89. Short rod B; 810. Mounting seat; 9. Dam model assembly; 91. Dam model block; 92. Electric telescopic rod; 10. Simulation board assembly; 101. Fixed sleeve; 102. Slide; 103. Telescopic slide; 11. Water flow rate sensor; 12. Pressure sensor; 13. Support frame; 14. Panoramic camera; 15. Movable sleeve; 16. Telescopic slot; 17. Movable slide plate; 18. Adjustment assembly; 181. Connecting seat; 182. Connecting sleeve; 183. Threaded rod; 184. Driving motor; 185. Telescopic column; 186. Guide block; 187. Guide slot; 188. Connecting ear plate; 189. Connecting block; 1810. Movable slot; 1811. Slide rod; 19. Sealing gasket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: See Figure 1 and Figure 2 A test device for simulating cascade reservoir dam breach flood wave impact comprises a workbench 1 on which a control panel 2 is mounted for controlling various components described later.

[0030] The upper surface of the workbench 1 is fixedly connected with a test pool 3. In this embodiment, the test pool 3 is a cube. In a top view, let one side of the test pool 3 be in the X direction, and the side adjacent to the X direction be in the Y direction.

[0031] The upper surface of the test pool 3 is sunken downward to form a water tank 4, and the length direction of the water tank 4 is along the X direction. A gate assembly 8 and a dam model assembly 9 are arranged in the water tank 4. The gate assembly 8 and the dam model assembly 9 are arranged at intervals along the X direction.

[0032] The surface of the gate assembly 8 facing away from the dam model assembly 9 is defined as surface A, and the surface A and the inner wall of the water tank 4 form a water storage area 5. The surface of the dam model assembly 9 facing away from the gate assembly 8 is defined as surface B, and the surface B and the inner wall of the water tank 4 form a receiving area 6. The surfaces facing each other of the gate assembly 8 and the dam model assembly 9, and the inner wall of the water tank 4 form a propagation area 7. A simulation board assembly 10 is provided in the propagation area 7.

[0033] See Figure 3 , the gate assembly 8 comprises: The gate frame 81 is a rectangular frame in this embodiment, and is vertically arranged. Both sides of the gate frame 81 along the Y direction are fixed to the corresponding side walls of the water tank 4. The lower surface of the gate frame 81 abuts against the inner bottom surface of the water tank 4.

[0034] The gate plate 82, in this embodiment, is a rectangular plate, which is arranged vertically, and the vertical height of the gate plate 82 is greater than the depth of the water tank 4, so as to ensure that when the gate plate 82 is closed, the maximum water level in the water storage area 5 can reach the upper surface of the water tank 4. The two side walls of the gate plate 82 along the Y direction are respectively movably mounted on the two inner side walls corresponding to the gate frame 81, and the gate plate 82 can slide vertically relative to the gate frame 81. When the lower end surface of the gate plate 82 contacts the corresponding surface of the gate frame 81, the water in the water storage area 5 cannot flow into the propagation area 7 through the gate assembly 8.

[0035] The lifting assembly is used to move the gate plate 82 vertically. The lifting assembly includes: The lifting motor 83 is configured such that the center line of the upper surface of the gate plate 82 in the X direction is defined as line L, and the surface passing through line L and along the vertical direction is defined as surface P.

[0036] The non-rotating shaft end of the lifting motor 83 is fixed to the upper end of the gate frame 81 , the rotating shaft axis of the lifting motor 83 is arranged vertically, and the rotating shaft axis of the lifting motor 83 is located on the plane P.

[0037] The driving bevel gear 84 is fixed on the rotating shaft of the lifting motor 83, and the axis of the driving bevel gear 84 coincides with the axis of the rotating shaft of the lifting motor 83. The lifting motor 83 drives the driving bevel gear 84 to rotate.

[0038] The two drive components are symmetrically arranged along the plane P.

[0039] See Figure 4 , the driving assembly includes: a screw rod 85, which is rotatably connected to the gate frame 81 on the corresponding side, and the axis of the screw rod 85 is along the Y direction; The driven bevel gear 86 is correspondingly fixed on the screw rod 85, and the axis of the driven bevel gear 86 coincides with the axis of the screw rod 85. The driven bevel gears 86 of the two driving assemblies are located at the ends of the two screw rods 85 close to each other, and the two driven bevel gears 86 are meshed with the driving bevel gear 84 at the same time; The slider 87 is movably mounted on the gate frame 81 and can slide along the Y direction. The slider 87 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 85 .

[0040] The scissor-type connecting rod is connected between the slider 87 and the gate plate 82, which is a prior art. The scissor-type connecting rod includes: a plurality of cross components, a linkage component and a mounting seat 810. The cross component includes the same connecting rod A and connecting rod B, and the connecting rod A and connecting rod B are hinged to each other through a central axis, the axis of the central axis is along the X direction, and the central axis is located on the surface P. The cross components are respectively: the first cross component, the second cross component, ..., the Nth cross component from top to bottom.

[0041] For the first cross assembly, the upper end of the connecting rod A of the first cross assembly is hinged to one of the sliders 87 through axis 1, and the upper end of the connecting rod B of the first cross assembly is hinged to the other slider 87 through axis 2; the axes of axis 1 and axis 2 are both along the X direction. The upper end of the connecting rod B of the second cross assembly is hinged to the lower end of the connecting rod A of the first cross assembly through axis 3, and the upper end of the connecting rod A of the second cross assembly is hinged to the lower end of the connecting rod B of the first cross assembly through axis 4, and the axes of axis 3 and axis 4 are along the X direction. And so on... each cross assembly is connected to each other.

[0042] The mounting seat 810 is fixed on the upper surface of the gate plate 82. The linkage assembly includes a short rod A88 and a short rod B89, wherein the lower end of the short rod A88 and the lower end of the short rod B89 are hinged on the mounting seat 810 through a connecting shaft, and the axis of the connecting shaft is along the X direction. The upper end of the short rod A88 is hinged to the lower end of the connecting rod B of the Nth cross assembly through the axis m, and the upper end of the short rod B89 is hinged to the lower end of the connecting rod A of the Nth cross assembly through the axis k, and the axes of the axis m and the axis k are both along the X direction.

[0043] When the lifting motor 83 rotates, the lifting motor 83 drives the active bevel gear 84 to rotate. From the perspective of a driving assembly, the active bevel gear 84 causes the driven bevel gear 86 and the screw rod 85 in the driving assembly to rotate as a whole around the axis of the screw rod 85. Since the screw rod 85 is threadedly connected with the slider 87, the slider 87 can only slide along the Y direction, so the screw rod 85 drives the slider 87 to move. The two sliders 87 move closer to or farther away from each other, realizing the extension and retraction of the scissor-type connecting rod, thereby realizing the rapid lifting and lowering of the gate plate 82.

[0044] like Figure 2 , the dam model component 9 includes: The dam model block 91 is in the water tank 4. The side of the dam model block 91 is sealed with the side of the water tank 4 by a rubber pad, and the bottom of the dam model block 91 is also sealed with the bottom of the water tank 4 by a rubber pad. The upper surface of the dam model block 91 is higher than the upper surface of the water tank 4, ensuring that the water in the propagation area 7 does not flow into the accommodation area 6. The bottom of the dam model block 91 is movably clamped on the bottom of the water tank 4, and the side of the dam model block 91 is movably clamped on the side of the water tank 4, and the dam model block 91 can slide along the X direction.

[0045] The electric telescopic rod 92 is located in the accommodating area 6, the axis of the electric telescopic rod 92 is along the X direction, the non-telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 92 is fixed to the inner wall of the water tank 4 corresponding to the accommodating area 6, and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 92 is fixedly connected to the end surface of the dam model block 91 away from the gate assembly 8. The electric telescopic rod 92 drives the dam model block 91 to move along the X direction by telescoping.

[0046] The analog board assembly 10 includes: See Figure 2 The fixed sleeve 101 is placed horizontally, and one end of the fixed sleeve 101 facing the gate assembly 8 is fixed to the surface of the gate frame 81. A slide groove 102 is provided on the fixed sleeve 101, and the end of the fixed sleeve 101 facing the dam model block 91 is set as the starting end. The slide groove 102 is formed by continuously cutting horizontally in the X direction at the end surface of the starting end of the fixed sleeve 101.

[0047] The telescopic slide 103 is placed horizontally, and one end of the telescopic slide 103 facing the dam model assembly 9 is fixed on the surface of the dam model block 91. The end of the telescopic slide 103 facing the gate assembly 8 is inserted into the slide slot 102 from the starting end of the fixed sleeve 101. When the electric telescopic rod 92 is extended and retracted, the dam model block 91 and the telescopic slide 103 slide along the X direction as a whole, and the telescopic slide 103 can slide in the slide slot 102, so that the length of the fixed sleeve 101 and the telescopic slide 103 as a whole along the X direction can be changed, and different propagation path lengths can be simulated. Fake plants or objects can also be arranged on the upper surface of the fixed sleeve 101 or the telescopic slide 103 to change the roughness of the simulation board assembly 10 and simulate different propagation environments.

[0048] A plurality of water flow rate sensors 11 are installed on one side wall of the propagation zone 7 along the Y direction. The water flow rate sensors 11 are located above the simulation board assembly 10 to ensure that each water flow rate sensor 11 can contact the water in the propagation zone 7. The water flow rate sensors 11 are arranged at intervals along the X direction to monitor the wavefront velocity of each position point in the process of the flood wave in the propagation zone 7 moving from the gate assembly 8 to the dam model assembly 9.

[0049] A plurality of pressure sensors 12 are installed on the surface of the dam model block 91 facing the gate assembly 8, and each pressure sensor 12 is located above the simulation board assembly 10, ensuring that each pressure sensor 12 can contact the water in the propagation area 7. Each pressure sensor 12 is arranged at a different vertical height to record the impact stress at different elevations after the water flow hits the surface of the dam model block 91.

[0050] It also includes a support frame 13, which is fixed at the upper end of the test pool 3. The support frame 13 spans the water tank 4 along the Y direction. A panoramic camera 14 is fixed on the lower surface of the support frame 13. The panoramic camera 14 can capture the flood wave propagation process in the entire water tank 4 and display it in the form of a two-dimensional graph. This principle belongs to the prior art. The principle is: The panoramic camera 14 has a wide-angle field of view and can capture all dynamic changes in the entire scene at once. After recording, the video captured by the panoramic camera 14 is extracted frame by frame. The software can convert each frame of the three-dimensional scene into a two-dimensional plane map, thereby generating a two-dimensional evolution map of flood wave propagation. On the two-dimensional plane map, researchers can clearly observe the propagation path, wave height changes and impact area S of the flood wave.

[0051] The water flow rate sensor 11 installed in the test device can accurately measure the propagation speed of the flood wave. Specifically, the two water flow rate sensors 11 can record the wavefront velocity △v and the required time △t of the flood wave, and calculate the wavefront velocity acceleration of the flood wave through the formula a=△v / △t. As for the impact force of the flood wave, F is measured by the pressure sensor 12 installed on the test device. F is the average value of multiple pressure sensors 12, that is, the force of the flood wave on the dam body. Then the impact force P on the downstream dam body is calculated by the formula P =F / S, where S is the impact area, which is obtained from the two-dimensional plane map generated by the aforementioned panoramic camera 14. The data obtained in this way helps to gain a deeper understanding of the behavioral characteristics of flood waves during dam break.

[0052] By comparing the two-dimensional flood wave evolution diagrams under different experimental conditions, the impact of different dam break scenarios on flood wave propagation can be analyzed. For example, the impact of different gate plate 82 opening degrees on flood waves. Such analysis helps to understand the propagation characteristics of flood waves under various dam break conditions and provide reliable theoretical data support for actual engineering.

[0053] Example 2: See Figure 5 and Figure 6 , a simulated cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test device, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the simulation plate assembly 10, in this embodiment, the simulation plate assembly 10 includes: The movable sleeve 15, one end of the movable sleeve 15 facing the gate assembly 8, is rotatably connected to the surface of the gate frame 81 by means of a movable shaft, and the axis of the rotating shaft of the movable shaft is along the Y direction. A telescopic groove 16 is provided in the movable sleeve 15. The movable sleeve 15 is horizontally placed, and the end surface of the movable sleeve 15 away from the gate frame 81 is set as the starting surface, and the telescopic groove 16 is formed by cutting the starting surface along the X direction.

[0054] The movable slide plate 17, the end of the movable slide plate 17 facing the gate assembly 8 is the g end, and the end of the movable slide plate 17 facing the dam model block 91 is the h end; the g end of the movable slide plate 17 extends into the telescopic groove 16, and the movable slide plate 17 can slide relative to the telescopic groove 16; the h end of the movable slide plate 17 abuts against the corresponding surface of the dam model block 91. A sealing gasket 19 is fixed to the end surface of the h end of the movable slide plate 17 to ensure the sealing between the movable slide plate 17 and the dam model block 91.

[0055] The adjusting assembly 18 is installed on the side surface of the dam model block 91 facing the movable slide 17. The adjusting assembly 18 can move in the X direction with the dam model block 91. The adjusting assembly 18 is located below the movable slide 17 and is used to lift the h end of the movable slide 17. That is, when the movable sleeve 15 and the movable slide 17 form a whole, the adjusting assembly 18 can adjust the inclination angle of the whole so that the whole rotates around the movable axis.

[0056] The adjustment assembly 18 comprises: A connecting seat 181 is fixed on a surface of the dam model block 91 on one side facing the movable slide plate 17; The connection seat 181 is fixed to the corresponding position of the dam model block 91 by adhesive and welding to ensure the stability and firmness of the connection seat 181. First, a high-strength adhesive is evenly applied between the contact surfaces of the connection seat 181 and the dam model block 91 to increase adhesion and stability. Next, the connection seat 181 is firmly welded to the dam model block 91 using welding. The welding operation needs to ensure that the weld is uniform and defect-free to provide additional mechanical strength.

[0057] The connecting sleeve 182 is fixed on the upper surface of the connecting seat 181, and the axis of the connecting sleeve 182 is arranged vertically; The threaded rod 183 is rotatably connected in the connecting sleeve 182, and the axis of the threaded rod 183 coincides with the axis of the connecting sleeve 182. A motor cavity is provided in the connecting sleeve 182, and a driving motor 184 is installed in the motor cavity. The rotating shaft of the driving motor 184 is fixedly connected to the threaded rod 183, and the axis of the rotating shaft of the driving motor 184 coincides with the axis of the threaded rod 183. The driving motor 184 is used to drive the threaded rod 183 to rotate.

[0058] The telescopic column 185 is inserted into the connecting sleeve 182, and the axis of the telescopic column 185 coincides with the axis of the connecting sleeve 182, and the telescopic column 185 passes through the upper end of the connecting sleeve 182. A guide block 186 is fixed on the circumferential side wall of the telescopic column 185, and a guide groove 187 is provided on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 182. The guide block 186 is movably clamped in the guide groove 187, and the guide block 186 can slide vertically relative to the guide groove 187. The telescopic column 185 is threadedly connected with the threaded rod 183. When the driving motor 184 rotates the threaded rod 183, since the telescopic column 185 is threadedly connected with the threaded rod 183, and the telescopic column 185 is restricted by the guide groove 187 and the guide block 186, the telescopic column 185 can only slide vertically, so the threaded rod 183 drives the telescopic column 185 to move vertically.

[0059] A connecting ear plate 188 is fixed to the upper surface of the telescopic column 185; The connecting block 189 is hinged to the connecting ear plate 188 via a through shaft, and the axis of the through shaft is along the Y direction.

[0060] The movable groove 1810 is provided on the lower surface of the movable slide plate 17, and a slide bar 1811 is fixedly connected in the movable groove 1810. The surface where the slide bar 1811 is located is assumed to be surface Z, and surface Z is arranged in the vertical direction, and the axis of the through-shaft is perpendicular to surface Z. The connecting block 189 is sleeved on the slide bar 1811, and the connecting block 189 can move relative to the slide bar 1811 along the axis of the slide bar 1811.

[0061] After the telescopic column 185 moves vertically, it will cause the connecting block 189 to move along the axis of the slide bar 1811, and at the same time, the whole composed of the movable slide plate 17 and the movable sleeve plate 15 will also rotate around the axis of the movable shaft, and cooperate with the connecting block 189 to rotate around the connecting ear plate 188 by the through shaft, so as to achieve fine adjustment of the inclination angle of the whole. If it is necessary to change the length of the whole composed of the movable slide plate 17 and the movable sleeve plate 15 along the X direction through the adjustment component 18, it is only necessary to first adjust the whole composed of the movable slide plate 17 and the movable sleeve plate 15 to a horizontal position through the adjustment component 18, and then extend and retract the electric telescopic rod 92, so as to complete the change of the length of the whole composed of the movable slide plate 17 and the movable sleeve plate 15. After the length is changed, the inclination angle of the whole can continue to be changed through the adjustment component 18.

[0062] Embodiment 3: A method for simulating the impact of cascade reservoir dam-break flood waves, comprising the following steps: S1: Assemble a test device for simulating cascade reservoir dam breach flood wave impact.

[0063] S2: Use control panel 2 to set test parameters, including: 1) Select the length of the simulation board assembly 10 along the X direction; select the inclination angle of the simulation board assembly 10; select the roughness of the simulation board assembly 10; wherein the roughness of the simulation board assembly 10 can be changed by whether plants are planted or gravel is laid on the simulation board assembly 10. Observe in the axial direction of the movable shaft, and set the point where the movable shaft is located as point O; take point O as the origin, and draw a ray along the X direction to the direction where the dam model block 91 is located, and record a point on the ray as point A; set the end point on the side of the movable slide 17 close to the dam model block 91 as point B, then the inclination angle refers to the angle of ∠A0B; the inclination angle is 0 degrees in the initial state.

[0064] 2) Select the water volume in the water storage area 5; this is achieved through an automatic water adding system and a liquid level sensor. The automatic water adding system includes a water supply device and a control system. The water supply device is installed near the test device and connected to the water inlet pipeline of the water storage area 5. It includes a water pump and a control valve, and can automatically add water according to the set water volume. The control system is connected to the control panel 2, which is used to set the water volume parameters and automatically control the start and stop of the water supply device through feedback signals.

[0065] A liquid level sensor is used to monitor the water level in the water storage area 5 in real time. The liquid level sensor can be a float water level gauge. According to the water level measured by the liquid level sensor and the geometric dimensions of the water storage area 5, the water storage volume V (V = A ×h, where A is the bottom area of ​​the water storage area 5 and h is the water level) is calculated. The automatic water adding process is as follows: First, enter the required water storage volume on the control panel 2. The control system starts the water supply device and adds water to the water storage area 5 through the water inlet pipeline. The liquid level sensor monitors the water level in real time and feeds the data back to the control system. When the actual water storage volume approaches the set value, the control system gradually closes the control valve and eventually stops the water supply to ensure that the water storage volume accurately reaches the set value.

[0066] 3) Select the opening mode of the gate assembly 8, which includes the opening degree of the gate plate 82 and the opening rate of the gate plate 82; the opening degree of the gate plate 82 includes opening 1 / 2, opening 1 / 4 and fully opening; opening 1 / 2 means that after the gate plate 82 is opened, the lower end of the gate plate 82 is located at 1 / 2 depth below the water surface of the water storage area 5; fully opening means that the lower end of the gate plate 82 is located at the water surface of the water storage area 5; opening 1 / 4 means that the lower end of the gate plate 82 is located at 3 / 4 depth below the water surface of the water storage area 5. The opening rate of the gate plate 82 includes: instantaneous opening, opening at a certain speed, and opening at a certain speed. V 1 Open at a constant speed and with a certain acceleration a 1 Acceleration on.

[0067] S3: According to the test parameters set in S2, water is injected into the water storage area 5; the panoramic camera 14, all water flow rate sensors 11, and all pressure sensors 12 are turned on.

[0068] S4: According to the parameter requirements set in S2, after the water storage area 5 is filled with water, the gate plate 82 is opened according to the requirements in S2, and the flow rate data of all water flow rate sensors 11, the pressure data of all pressure sensors 12 and the video stream image of the panoramic camera 14 are recorded; and one test is completed; S5: Change the test parameters in S2, repeat S1-S4, and conduct multiple tests; S6: Integrate and analyze data from multiple experiments.

[0069] Specifically, the test parameters of a certain test are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Test parameters

[0070] The results of this test are analyzed as follows: During the experiment, the propagation path, wave height change, impact velocity, impact force and other data of the flood wave are monitored and recorded in real time through the panoramic camera 14, the velocity sensor 12 and the pressure sensor 12. After the experiment, the flood wave propagation video captured by the panoramic camera 14 is extracted frame by frame and converted into a two-dimensional plane map to generate a two-dimensional evolution map of the flood wave propagation, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 7 As shown. In the process of data processing and analysis, we need to consider the influence of riverbed roughness on flood wave transmission in actual dam break scenarios. In the past, in numerical analysis, the influence of riverbed roughness on dam break wave transmission was usually not considered, and it usually evolved in the form of an ideal fluid state. However, in real dam break scenarios, dam break waves will carry more sediment, thus forming a larger riverbed resistance with the riverbed. If there is no interface resistance, the dam break wave will appear as a smooth curve, which means that the flood wave does not encounter additional resistance during propagation, the waveform is relatively uniform, and the wave height gradually decreases. If there is interface resistance, the liquid surface profile observed in the experiment shows an inverted "S-shape", which indicates that in the initial stage, the liquid surface near the wave tip will protrude upward, which is due to the influence of riverbed resistance on dam break waves. The interface resistance causes the energy of the flood wave to be gradually consumed during propagation, resulting in changes in the waveform. The liquid surface near the wave tip rises in the initial stage and then gradually flattens.

[0071] By superimposing and analyzing the two-dimensional evolution diagrams of flood waves at different periods, such as Figure 8 , we can find the changing rules of flood wave propagation path, wave height and impact surface. In the initial stage of dam breach, gate plate 82 is opened instantaneously, and flood waves propagate rapidly from the dam body to downstream. Since the water volume of water storage area 5 is 0.027 cubic meters, the water body obtains a high initial velocity in a very short time and moves rapidly along the riverbed. At this time, the initial wave velocity is high, mainly driven by gravity, and due to the inertia of the water body, the flood wave velocity is maintained at a high level, and propagates rapidly downstream at a speed close to that of free fall, reaching the peak wave velocity.

[0072] As the flood wave propagates, the waveform gradually widens and the wavefront velocity gradually decreases. At this time, the water body begins to have significant friction with the riverbed and the simulation plate assembly 10, and the riverbed roughness and interface resistance gradually show their influence. The wave speed is significantly reduced, and the influence of interface resistance, riverbed roughness and simulation plate assembly 10 gradually consumes the kinetic energy of the flood wave, resulting in a decrease in wave speed, but the wave speed still remains at a relatively high level and continues to advance downstream.

[0073] In terms of waveform changes, if there is no interface resistance, the dam break wave will appear as a smooth curve, which means that the flood wave does not encounter additional resistance during propagation, the waveform is relatively uniform, and the wave height gradually decreases. In the case of interface resistance, the liquid surface contour presents an inverted "S-shape", and the liquid surface near the wave tip bulges upward. This is due to the combined effect of the dam break wave and the riverbed resistance, which makes the waveform of the flood wave irregular in the early stage of propagation. As the wave propagates, the interface resistance and riverbed roughness continue to consume the energy of the flood wave, resulting in a significant change in the waveform, which gradually widens and the wave height decreases.

[0074] The changing patterns in different periods can also be clearly observed. In the initial stage, the flood waves propagate rapidly at a high speed, the wave tip is prominent, and the waveform is smooth and uniform. In the presence of interface resistance, the waveform presents an inverted "S-shape" with the wave tip protruding upward. In the middle stage, the wave speed and wave height gradually decrease, the waveform becomes wider, and the energy is gradually consumed by the interface resistance and riverbed roughness. In the presence of interface resistance, the waveform becomes irregular and the fluctuations are obvious.

[0075] Before the flood wave hits the downstream dam, its wave speed and waveform have undergone significant changes. The wave speed slows down further, the wave height gradually decreases, and the waveform becomes more complex under the condition of interface resistance. At this time, the energy of the flood wave has been mostly consumed, but it still has a certain impact force. The downstream dam will face the first impact of the flood wave, and the impact force at this moment depends on the residual energy of the wave speed and wave height. Fig. 9 According to the pressure sensor records in the dam, the impact force of the flood wave on the downstream dam body is calculated to be 26 Pa, where F is the average force measured by multiple pressure sensors and S is the impact area. This impact force reflects the energy loss of the flood wave during propagation and the combined effect of the interface resistance on the waveform and wave velocity. Based on the obtained flood wave propagation path, wave height change and impact force data, researchers can establish a mathematical model to simulate the impact of the flood wave on the downstream dam body after the upstream reservoir breaks. By comparing the data under different experimental conditions, the effects of different dam break modes, different baffle positions and different dam body models on the propagation characteristics of the flood wave are analyzed. Using numerical simulation methods and combined with experimental data, the movement laws of flood waves are deeply studied to predict the impact effect of flood waves on the downstream dam body under actual dam break conditions.

[0076] Finally, the analysis results are applied to actual projects to evaluate the bearing capacity and potential risks of the downstream dam under different dam breach scenarios. Based on the analysis results, improvement measures and protection plans are proposed to enhance the impact resistance and safety of the downstream dam. Through the above steps, researchers can understand in detail the impact of upstream dam breach on the downstream dam, and provide theoretical basis and data support for the formulation of more scientific and reasonable flood prevention and disaster reduction measures.

[0077] Based on the above ideal embodiments of the present invention, the relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention through the above description. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact, characterized in that: It comprises a test pool (3), the upper surface of which is concave downward to form a water tank (4); Assuming that the length direction of the water tank (4) is an X direction, a gate assembly (8) and a dam model assembly (9) are provided in the water tank (4), and the gate assembly (8) and the dam model assembly (9) are arranged at intervals along the X direction; When viewed in the X direction, the gate assembly (8) and the dam model assembly (9) divide the water tank (4) into a closed water storage area (5), a propagation area (7) and a receiving area (6) in sequence; the gate assembly (8) can be opened to allow water in the water storage area (5) to flow into the propagation area (7); The propagation area (7) is provided with a simulation plate assembly (10) for simulating the surface through which the water flows; A panoramic camera (14) is installed at the upper end of the test pool (3), and the panoramic camera (14) ensures that the water flow in the propagation area (7) can be fully photographed; A plurality of water flow rate sensors (11) are installed on the side of the propagation area (7), and each of the water flow rate sensors (11) is arranged at intervals along the X direction. The water flow rate sensors (11) are located above the simulation board assembly (10), and the plurality of water flow rate sensors (11) can monitor the flow rate of water flow at various positions in the propagation area (7); a plurality of pressure sensors (12) are installed on the surface of one side of the dam model assembly (9) close to the gate assembly (8), and the plurality of pressure sensors (12) are located above the simulation board assembly (10), and the pressure sensors (12) can monitor the impact force of water flow hitting the simulation board assembly (10); and a control panel (2) is installed on the workbench (1).

2. The device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the simulation plate assembly (10) along the X direction is connected to the gate assembly (8), and the other end is connected to the dam model assembly (9); when the simulation plate assembly (10) is placed horizontally, the simulation plate assembly (10) is in an initial state; the simulation plate assembly (10) can maintain the initial state and change its length along the X direction; the simulation plate assembly (10) can also maintain a non-initial state, that is, maintain a non-horizontal placement.

3. The device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gate assembly (8) comprises: A gate frame (81) is fixed on the inner wall of the water tank (4); A gate plate (82) is movably mounted on the gate frame (81) and can slide vertically relative to the gate frame (81); A lifting assembly is used to move the gate plate (82) vertically so that water in the water storage area (5) can flow from the lower end of the gate plate (82) into the propagation area (7); The lifting assembly includes: A lifting motor (83) having a non-rotating shaft end fixed on the gate plate (82), and a rotating shaft axis of the lifting motor (83) arranged in the vertical direction; the opening speed and opening degree of the gate plate (82) can be set by the control panel (2); The driving bevel gear (84) is fixed on the rotating shaft of the lifting motor (83), and its axis coincides with the axis of the rotating shaft of the lifting motor (83); Two drive components, assuming that a surface parallel to the X direction and passing through the axis of the rotating shaft of the lifting motor (83) is a surface P, and the two drive components are symmetrically arranged along the surface P; the drive components include: The screw rod (85) is rotatably connected to the gate frame (81), and the axis of the screw rod (85) is along the Y direction. When viewed from a top view, the Y direction is perpendicular to the X direction. A driven bevel gear (86) is fixed on the screw rod (85), and its axis coincides with the axis of the screw rod (85). The driven bevel gear (86) is meshed with the driving bevel gear (84); The slider (87) is movably mounted on the gate frame (81) and can slide along the Y direction; the slider (87) is threadedly connected to the screw rod (85); The scissor-type connecting rod is located between the slider (87) and the gate plate (82), and connects the upper end of the gate plate (82) and the two sliders (87); the sliders (87) can move the gate plate (82) vertically by moving closer to or farther away from each other.

4. The device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test according to claim 3, characterized in that: The simulation board assembly (10) comprises: A movable sleeve (15), one end of the movable sleeve (15) facing the gate assembly (8) is rotatably connected to the surface of the gate frame (81) by means of a movable shaft; the axis of the movable shaft is along the Y direction; The telescopic groove (16) is formed by cutting the movable sleeve (15) from the starting surface along the X direction, with the end surface of the movable sleeve (15) away from the gate assembly (8) as the starting surface. A movable slide plate (17), wherein the end of the movable slide plate (17) facing the gate assembly (8) is the g end, and the end of the movable slide plate (17) facing the dam model assembly (9) is the h end; the g end of the movable slide plate (17) extends into the telescopic groove (16), and the movable slide plate (17) can slide relative to the telescopic groove (16); the h end of the movable slide plate (17) abuts against a surface corresponding to the dam model assembly (9) via a sealing pad (19); The adjusting component (18) is installed on a side surface of the dam model component (9) facing the movable slide plate (17); the adjusting component (18) is located below the movable slide plate (17), and the adjusting component (18) is used to lift the H end of the movable slide plate (17); the adjusting component (18) comprises: A connecting seat (181) is fixed on a side surface of the dam model assembly (9) facing the movable slide plate (17); A connecting sleeve (182) is fixed on the upper surface of the connecting seat (181), and the axis of the connecting sleeve (182) is arranged vertically; A threaded rod (183) is rotatably connected in the connecting sleeve (182), and the axis of the threaded rod (183) coincides with the axis of the connecting sleeve (182); A motor cavity is provided in the connecting sleeve (182), and a driving motor (184) is installed in the motor cavity for driving the threaded rod (183) to rotate; The telescopic column (185) is inserted into the connecting sleeve (182). The axis of the telescopic column (185) coincides with the axis of the connecting sleeve (182). The telescopic column (185) passes through the upper end of the connecting sleeve (182). The telescopic column (185) is movably clamped in the connecting sleeve (182). The telescopic column (185) can slide vertically. The telescopic column (185) is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (183). A connecting ear plate (188) is fixed to the upper surface of the telescopic column (185); The connecting block (189) is hingedly connected to the connecting ear plate (188) via a through shaft, and the axis of the through shaft is along the Y direction; A movable groove (1810) is provided on the lower surface of the movable slide plate (17); The slide bar (1811) is fixed in the movable groove (1810), and the surface where the slide bar (1811) is located is assumed to be surface Z, which is arranged in the vertical direction, and the axis of the through-shaft is perpendicular to surface Z; the connecting block (189) is movably clamped on the slide bar (1811), and the connecting block (189) can move along the axis of the slide bar (1811).

5. The device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dam model component (9) comprises: The dam model block (91) is located in the water tank (4), and the surface of the dam model block (91) and the surface corresponding to the water tank (4) are sealed by a rubber pad; the dam model block (91) can slide relative to the water tank (4) along the X direction; The electric telescopic rod (92) is located in the accommodating area (6), and the axis of the electric telescopic rod (92) is along the X direction; the non-telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (92) is fixed on a surface corresponding to the accommodating area (6), and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (92) is fixed on a surface of an end of the dam model block (91) away from the gate assembly (8).

6. The device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the lower end of the gate plate (82) contacts the surface of the water tank (4), the upper end surface of the gate plate (82) is higher than the upper surface of the test pool (3); and the upper end surface of the dam model block (91) is higher than the upper surface of the test pool (3).

7. The device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test according to claim 6, characterized in that: Objects can be placed on the upper surface of the simulation plate assembly (10) to change the roughness of the simulation plate assembly (10).

8. A method for simulating the impact of flood waves caused by cascading reservoir dam breaches, based on the device for simulating the impact of flood waves caused by cascading reservoir dam breaches as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Assemble a test device for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact; S2: Use the control panel to set the test parameters; the test parameters include: 1) Select the length of the simulated board assembly along the X direction; select the inclination angle of the simulated board assembly; select the roughness of the simulated board assembly; 2) Select the water storage volume of the water storage area; 3) Select the door opening mode of the gate assembly, which includes the opening degree and opening rate of the gate plate; S3: according to the test parameters set in S2, water is injected into the water storage area; the panoramic camera, all water flow rate sensors, and all pressure sensors are turned on; S4: According to the parameter requirements set in S2, after the water storage area is filled with water, the gate plate is opened according to the requirements in S2, and the flow rate data of all water flow rate sensors, the pressure data of all pressure sensors and the video stream image of the panoramic camera are recorded; and one test is completed; S5: Repeat S1-S4, change the test parameters in S2, and conduct multiple tests; S6: Integrate and analyze data from multiple experiments.

9. A method for simulating cascade reservoir dam-break flood wave impact test according to claim 8, characterized in that: The opening degree includes: 1 / 2 opening, 1 / 4 opening and fully opening; 1 / 2 opening means that after the gate plate is opened, the lower end of the gate plate is located at 1 / 2 depth below the water surface of the water storage area; 1 / 4 opening means that after the gate plate is opened, the lower end of the gate plate is located at 3 / 4 depth below the water surface of the water storage area; fully opening means that after the gate plate is opened, the lower end of the gate plate is located at the water surface of the water storage area; the opening rate includes: instantaneous opening, speed opening, V 1 Open at a constant speed and with acceleration a 1 Acceleration on.

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