Estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device and method, which belong to the technical field of wetland sample collection. The present invention relates to an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device, comprising: a controller, a drill rig, and a stabilizing frame; the stabilizing frame is provided with a traction component, a drill rig lifting channel, and a base; the traction component comprises a linear structure A, a linear structure B, and an annular structure respectively provided at the top of the drill rig lifting channel, the base, and the top of the drill rig; the linear structure A sequentially passes through the annular structure at the top of the drill rig lifting channel and the annular structure of the base and is fixed to the base; the drill rig lifting channel is provided at the upper part of the base and can pass through the base; the linear structure B pulls the drill rig up and down in the drill rig lifting channel; a counterweight component is provided on the base; the controller is connected to the drill rig; the controller is provided with a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, a method for calculating the drilling depth Y of the drill rig is implemented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland sample collection, and in particular relates to a device and method for sampling sediment columns in estuary wetlands. Background Art

[0002] Estuarine wetlands are transitional zones where rivers, oceans, and land meet. With active sedimentation and erosion processes, they are typically fragile ecosystems and ecological hotspots of international concern. Research on the evolution and degradation mechanisms of key estuarine wetlands in eastern China is of great theoretical significance. However, the complex and varied topography, active water-salinity processes, and high habitat heterogeneity of estuarine wetlands pose significant challenges in collecting sediment core samples.

[0003] Currently, commonly used wetland sediment column sampling methods have two major problems: First, they are mostly suitable for swamps and lakes with shallow or stagnant water levels. In estuarine wetlands with turbulent currents, sediment column samples cannot be effectively collected due to their instability. Second, conventional gravity samplers, with an inner diameter of 58 mm or 84 mm, produce a small sample volume. Due to the extreme heterogeneity of estuarine wetland habitats, most sediment column sampling devices have difficulty collecting sediment column samples with a length of 1.7 to 2 meters and a diameter of 90 to 100 mm within a water depth of 0 to 7.7 m. Furthermore, column sampler track systems require specialized research vessels for operation and are expensive, hindering widespread application.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-cost sampling device suitable for estuarine wetlands that can collect sediment column samples with a water depth of 0~7.7m, a length of 1.7~2m, and a diameter of (90~100mm) so as to smoothly collect sediment column samples in estuarine wetlands; at the same time, the sampling device is also required to be able to controllably collect sediment column samples of the expected length and diameter to meet experimental requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the technical problem of conveniently and economically collecting sediment column samples within a depth of 6 to 7.7 meters below the water surface in turbulent estuarine wetlands, and to smoothly, simply, intelligently, and controllably perform sediment sampling in estuarine wetland sediments, the present invention provides an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device and method. These devices enable smooth sampling of estuarine wetland sediment samples and significantly improve the integrity of the collected samples. The sampling process is fast and time-saving, and the device can be disassembled and assembled, making it easy to carry and inexpensive, making it suitable for widespread use.

[0006] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is provided with: a controller, a drilling rig and a stabilizing frame; the stabilizing frame is provided with a traction component, a drilling rig lifting channel and a base; the traction component includes a linear structure A, a linear structure B and an annular structure respectively provided at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel, the base and the top of the drilling rig; the linear structure A sequentially passes through the annular structure at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel and the annular structure of the base and is fixed to the base; the drilling rig lifting channel is provided at the upper part of the base and can pass through the base; the linear structure B pulls the drilling rig up and down in the drilling rig lifting channel; a counterweight component is provided on the base; the controller is connected to the drilling rig; the controller is provided with a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, a method for calculating the drilling depth Y of the drilling rig is implemented; the calculation method is calculated according to the following formula I:

[0008] Y=1.0091X1+0.831X2-0.001X3-0.001X4+0.076 Formula I

[0009] In formula I, Y is the dimensionless value of the drilling depth in meters, X1 is the dimensionless value of the water depth during sampling in meters, X2 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample length in meters, X3 is the dimensionless value of the counterweight weight in kilograms, and X4 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample diameter in millimeters.

[0010] The base is provided with a bottom cylinder with a through hole; a middle ring is provided at the middle position corresponding to the bottom cylinder; an upper ring is provided at the upper position corresponding to the middle ring; the through hole of the bottom cylinder, the hollow circular hole of the middle circular hole, and the hollow circular hole of the upper circular hole correspond to each other in the vertical direction and form the drilling rig lifting channel;

[0011] Preferably, the controller is connected to the drilling rig via a line.

[0012] The diameters of the hollow circular holes of the upper circular ring and the middle circular ring are larger than the width of the widest part of the drilling rig; the diameter of the through hole of the bottom cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the sampling tube of the drilling rig.

[0013] A plurality of support columns are arranged upward on the top surface of the bottom cylinder; the bottom ends of the support columns are evenly distributed along the periphery of the bottom cylinder; the support columns pass through the middle ring and the top ends thereof are connected to the bottom surface of the upper ring.

[0014] The base is further provided with a plurality of connecting rods which are uniformly and axially extended outward from the side wall of the bottom cylinder; the outer sides of the plurality of connecting rods are connected to the frame of the base.

[0015] The base frame is selected from: a rectangular structure or a hexagonal structure;

[0016] Preferably, the number of the plurality of support columns is 6-12;

[0017] Preferably, the number of the connecting rods is 6;

[0018] Preferably, the connecting rod is in the shape of a cuboid;

[0019] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three spaced connecting rods are provided with counterweights;

[0020] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three spaced connecting rods are provided with inclined braces; the bottom ends of the inclined braces are connected to the connecting rods, and the top ends are connected to the support rods;

[0021] Preferably, the three connecting rods provided with the counterweight blocks do not overlap with the three connecting rods provided with the diagonal braces.

[0022] Three angle irons with circular holes are evenly arranged on the periphery of the bottom surface of the upper circular ring in the outward direction; the distances between the centers of the circular holes on the three angle irons and the center of the hollow circular hole of the upper circular ring are equal;

[0023] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three connecting rods provided with the counterweight blocks are provided with upright lifting rings; each lifting ring is equidistant from the center of the bottom cylinder;

[0024] Preferably, a lifting ring is provided on the top of the drilling rig;

[0025] Preferably, the circular hole on the angle iron, the lifting ring of the connecting rod and the lifting ring on the top of the drilling rig are the annular structures;

[0026] Preferably, the lifting ring on the top of the drilling rig is connected to the lifting equipment through a linear structure B;

[0027] Preferably, the linear structure A and the linear structure B are both steel ropes.

[0028] The drilling rig is a PVL electric acoustic sampling drilling rig;

[0029] Preferably, a gravity ring is provided at the lower portion of the drilling rig; a sampling tube is connected to the lower portion of the gravity ring.

[0030] An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling experimental method adopts an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device to carry out sediment column sampling in an estuarine wetland.

[0031] The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is placed on the sediment surface of the wetland, the counterweight weight, water depth during sampling, and preset sediment column sample length and diameter are input into the controller, and the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is started to operate.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device and method of the present invention overcome the problem that sediment column sampling in the complex water flow environment of the estuary cannot be achieved by using only a drilling rig. By constructing a metal fixed frame, the PVL electric acoustic wave sediment sampling drill is placed in it, making it less likely to drift with the water flow. At the same time, a counterweight is added to ensure that the entire frame and the sampling drill are vertical, so that sediment samples can be collected intact. The entire sampling process, from lowering the device to retrieving it, can be completed within 10 minutes, which is short in time and fast in speed, avoiding the disadvantages of the original columnar sampler track system in estuarine wetlands, such as the long sampling time.

[0034] The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device and method of the present invention overcome the limitation of rapid and convenient sampling only in swamps and lake wetlands with shallow or stagnant water levels. It now enables the collection of sediment column samples in estuarine wetland environments characterized by turbulent water flow and high habitat heterogeneity. The estuarine wetland sampling device of the present invention is relatively low-cost and is of great significance for the rapid and convenient collection of sediment column samples in estuarine wetlands. It has been put to practical use in the Yangtze River Estuary, the Pearl River Estuary, and the Liaohe River Estuary, and is suitable for nationwide promotion and use.

[0035] Through practical sampling verification, the sampling device of the present invention automatically calculates and controls the drilling depth of the drilling rig according to the preset sediment column sample length and diameter, the water depth during sampling, and the weight of the counterweight, so that the length of the sediment column sample obtained is consistent with the preset value. The sampling device of the present invention can effectively and accurately control the length of the sediment column sample required for the experiment through pre-setting and calculation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a stabilizing frame for an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device provided in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a drilling rig for an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] The symbols in the figure are listed as follows: 1-stabilizing frame (external frame), 2-controller (internal instrument), 3-ring-shaped structure on top of drilling rig (upper fixed disc, upper ring), 4-ring-shaped structure on top of drilling rig lifting channel (middle fixed disc, middle ring), 5-linear structure B, 6-ring-shaped structure of base (bottom fixed ring), 7-base (bottom regular hexagonal base), 8-linear structure A (support column, stainless steel cylinder), 9-slanted bar (stainless steel bracket), 10-angle iron with circular hole, 11-positioning hole, 12-base frame (frame rectangular parallelepiped), 13-connecting rod (connecting rectangular parallelepiped), 14-bottom cylinder (center ring), 15-lifting ring, 16-counterweight component (counterweight block, cylindrical counterweight), 17-drilling rig (PVL electric acoustic sampling drill), 18-gravity ring, 19-lifting ring, 20-sampling tube, 21-drilling rig lifting channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following further describes the details of the present invention in conjunction with specific implementation methods and drawings, but does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The first group of embodiments, the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device of the present invention

[0042] This group of embodiments provides an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device. All embodiments of this group have the following common features: the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is provided with: a controller 2, a drill rig 17 and a stabilizing frame 1; the stabilizing frame 1 is provided with a traction component, a drill rig lifting channel 21, and a base 7; the traction component includes a linear structure A8, a linear structure B5 and annular structures 4, 6, and 3 respectively arranged at the top of the drill rig lifting channel 21, the base, and the top of the drill rig 17; the linear structure A8 passes through the annular structure 4 at the top of the drill rig lifting channel and the annular structure 6 of the base in sequence and is fixed to the base 7; the drill rig lifting channel 21 is provided at the upper part of the base 7 and can pass through the base 7; the linear structure B5 pulls the drill rig 17 up and down in the drill rig lifting channel 21; a counterweight component 16 is provided on the base 7; the controller 2 is connected to the drill rig 17; the controller 2 is provided with a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for calculating the drilling depth Y of the drill rig 17 is implemented; the calculation method is calculated according to the following formula I:

[0043] Y=1.0091X1+0.831X2-0.001X3-0.001X4+0.076 Formula I

[0044] In formula I, Y is the dimensionless value of the drilling depth in meters, X1 is the dimensionless value of the water depth during sampling in meters, X2 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample length in meters, X3 is the dimensionless value of the counterweight weight in kilograms, and X4 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample diameter in millimeters.

[0045] In some embodiments, there is no direct relationship between the water depth during sampling and the length of the sample taken. It is generally believed that the deeper the water, the more difficult it is to obtain the same sample length compared to shallow water.

[0046] In some embodiments, a bottom cylinder 14 with a through hole is provided on the base 7; a middle ring 4 is provided at the middle position corresponding to the bottom cylinder 14; an upper ring 3 is provided at the upper position corresponding to the middle ring 4; the through hole of the bottom cylinder, the hollow circular hole of the middle circular ring 4, and the hollow circular hole of the upper circular ring 3 correspond to each other in the vertical direction and form the drilling rig lifting channel 21.

[0047] The annular structure (middle fixed disc, middle ring) 4 at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel is equipped with two circular rings in the middle, and screw holes are provided on the circular rings, and the upper and lower circular ring parts can be fixed with screws.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the diameters of the hollow circular holes of the upper ring 3 and the middle ring 4 are larger than the width of the widest part of the drill; the diameter of the through hole of the bottom cylinder 14 is larger than the outer diameter of the sampling tube of the drill 17.

[0049] In other embodiments, a plurality of support columns 8 are provided on the top surface of the bottom cylinder 14; the bottom ends of the plurality of support columns 8 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the bottom cylinder 14; and the plurality of support columns 8 pass through the middle ring 4 and their top ends are connected to the bottom surface of the upper ring 3.

[0050] In a further embodiment, the base 7 is further provided with a plurality of connecting rods 13 extending axially and uniformly outward from the side wall of the bottom cylinder 14 ; the outer sides of the plurality of connecting rods 13 are connected to the base frame 12 .

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the connecting rod 13 is connected to the bottom cylinder 14 , and the other end is connected to the base frame 12 .

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the base frame 12 is selected from: a rectangular structure or a hexagonal structure;

[0053] In some embodiments, in other lakes or coastal wetlands where the water flow is not as turbulent as that in estuarine wetlands, the base frame 12 can adopt a rectangular structure, such as a square or rectangular structure, to complete sample collection; in estuarine wetlands where the water flow is turbulent, a more stable hexagonal base structure can be used.

[0054] Preferably, the number of the plurality of support columns 8 is 6-12;

[0055] Preferably, the number of the connecting rods 13 is 6;

[0056] Preferably, the connecting rod 13 is in the shape of a cuboid;

[0057] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three spaced connecting rods 13 are provided with counterweights;

[0058] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three spaced connecting rods 13 are provided with inclined braces 9; the bottom ends of the inclined braces 9 are connected to the connecting rods 13, and the top ends are connected to the support rods 8;

[0059] Preferably, the three connecting rods 13 provided with the counterweight blocks do not overlap with the three connecting rods 13 provided with the oblique braces 9 .

[0060] In some embodiments, three angle irons 10 with circular holes are evenly arranged on the periphery of the bottom surface of the upper circular ring 3 in the outward direction; the distances between the centers of the circular holes on the three angle irons and the center of the hollow circular hole of the upper circular ring are equal;

[0061] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three connecting rods 13 provided with the counterweights 16 are provided with upright lifting rings 15; each lifting ring 15 is equidistant from the center of the bottom cylinder 14;

[0062] One of the functions of the rack formed by the base 7, the drilling rig lifting channel 21, the support column 8, the connecting rod 13, the counterweight block 16, etc. is to stabilize the drilling rig instrument as a whole through the counterweight and the symmetrical structure adapted to the drilling rig instrument so that it will not fall in the turbulent water flow. However, the ability to successfully collect samples in the turbulent water flow is mainly related to the following factors: (1) The stable hexagonal base structure is not easy to tilt or asymmetric, which is also one of the important factors to ensure the vertical stability of the drilling rig instrument; (2) The height of the rack is also the key to ensure the smooth collection of samples: since it is necessary to collect 2m For sediment column samples, if the rack is too short, continuous samples at the desired depth cannot be collected. If the rack is too long, the crane arm must be high enough. If the crane arm is too short, the device cannot be lifted. Secondly, the lower end of the sampling tube cannot be stuck on the edge of the positioning hole, which will cause deviation. Therefore, the height of the rack and the length of the built-in equipment are fully matched, which is also the key to successfully collecting samples. (3) The overall weight is controlled at 155 kg, which can not only withstand the impact of the water flow in the complex environment of the estuary and ensure that the equipment is vertical; but also ensure that the weight before and after sampling is not too heavy, so that the crane arm cannot be lifted or it is difficult to transport. Reasonable control of the weight of the equipment is a key factor in both obtaining samples in turbulent water and facilitating practical operation.

[0063] If the shape of the base of this rack is changed to other shapes such as square or rectangle, and the number of support columns is increased or decreased to ensure the weight of the counterweight, it is still possible to successfully collect samples in lake wetlands or other coastal wetlands where the water flow is not as turbulent as that in estuarine wetlands. However, in the turbulent water flow environment of estuarine wetlands, it is recommended to use a more stable hexagonal base structure.

[0064] The sampling device provided by one embodiment of the present invention is used to collect samples within a water depth of 0-7.7m, which is a problem that can be solved by this set of equipment of the present invention and is also the limit of deep-sea sampling.

[0065] The sampling device of the present invention can collect samples within a water depth of 0-7.7 m. Sampling within a water depth of 0-7.7 m is achieved primarily by overcoming the following difficulties: (1) the entire device can be vertically lowered into the water in the turbulent environment of the estuarine wetland and collect intact and continuous samples; (2) the device is designed to be at a reasonable height and can be fully lifted and lowered by a crane arm, ensuring that sediment samples can be collected at a depth of 2 m.

[0066] The drilling instrument is raised and lowered in this rack. When the drilling instrument is working, the device is equipped with a gravity ring and a positioning hole. The diameter of the gravity ring is slightly smaller than the diameter of the rack, ensuring that the drilling instrument will not deviate too much and move out of the rack when it is raised and lowered; the positioning hole further strengthens the fixation. The lower end of the sampling tube can be stuck on the edge of the positioning hole to prevent the drilling instrument or its sampling tube from deviating outside the rack due to vibration during the lifting process.

[0067] Preferably, a lifting ring 19 is provided on the top of the drilling rig 17;

[0068] Preferably, the circular hole on the angle iron 10, the lifting ring 15 of the connecting rod and the lifting ring 19 on the top of the drilling rig are the annular structures;

[0069] Preferably, the lifting ring 19 on the top of the drilling rig is connected to a lifting device (not shown) via a linear structure B5;

[0070] Preferably, the linear structure A8 and the linear structure B5 are both steel ropes.

[0071] The linear structure A8 and the linear structure B5 are respectively used to lift the entire sampling device including the stabilizing frame 1 and the drilling rig 17 by means of lifting equipment and place them at a suitable sampling position.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, the drilling rig 17 is a PVL electric acoustic sampling drilling rig;

[0073] Preferably, a gravity ring 18 is provided at the lower portion of the drilling rig 17 ; a sampling tube 20 is connected to the lower portion of the gravity ring 18 .

[0074] Second Group of Examples: Estuarine Wetland Sediment Column Sampling Experimental Method of the Present Invention

[0075] This group of embodiments provides an experimental method for sampling sediment columns in estuarine wetlands. All embodiments in this group have the following common features: using an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device as described in any one of the first group of embodiments to perform sediment column sampling in an estuarine wetland.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is placed on the sediment surface of the wetland, the counterweight weight, water depth during sampling, and preset sediment column sample length and diameter are input into the controller, and the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is started to operate.

[0077] A specific embodiment of the present invention provides a sediment column sampling device suitable for estuarine wetland, which includes an outer frame 1 for fixing the instrument and an internal instrument 2; the outer frame 1 consists of four layers: an upper fixed disc 3, middle fixed discs 4 and 5, a bottom fixed ring 6 and a bottom regular hexagonal base 7, which are connected to twelve stainless steel cylinders 8 and three stainless steel brackets 9 in the middle to form an overall frame; the upper fixed ring 3 has three angle irons 10 with circular perforations for threading wire ropes; the bottom fixed disc 6 has a positioning hole 11 in the middle for threading a sampling tube. The regular hexagonal base 7 consists of a frame made up of six rectangular blocks 12, six bottom rectangular blocks 13 connected to a central ring 14, three lifting rings 15, and three cylindrical counterweights 16. The frame rectangular blocks 12, bottom connecting rectangular blocks 13, and central ring 14 are welded together, while the rectangular blocks 13 are connected to the bottom fixed ring 6. The three lifting rings 15 are fixed to the bottom connecting rectangular blocks 13 and are used to hook three steel wire ropes threaded through the circular holes 10 of the angle iron. The cylindrical counterweights 16 are connected to the regular hexagonal base 7 via fixing screws. The internal instrumentation 2 consists of a PVL electric acoustic sampling drill 17, a gravity ring 18 (a solid cylinder that serves as a counterweight), a connecting lifting ring 19, and a sampling tube 20 (the lifting ring is an integral component of the PVL drill; the gravity ring and sampling tube are additional components and are also necessary for PVL drilling sampling). The lifting ring 19 is used to hook the steel wire ropes. The above four steel ropes can be fixed on a crane arm or a crane hook with rollers for lifting the device after sampling.

[0078] Figure 2 The center ring 14 and the bottom fixed ring 6 are not the same parts. Being made into two parts is to transport after being convenient to dismantle.

[0079] To collect samples, the sediment column sampling device is slowly lowered using a crane arm. With a total weight of 155 kg, the device is able to withstand the impact of water currents in the complex estuary environment and maintain an upright position. When the device is lowered to the surface of the sediment, such as the bottom mud, the outer frame 1 remains stationary, securing the device while the internal instrument 2 continues to be lowered, continuously collecting sediment samples through electroacoustic vibrations. Once the sample is collected, the crane arm slowly rises to level ground, where the sampling tube 20 is removed and the sediment sample is retrieved.

[0080] The entire device is 3 meters tall. The upper fixed disc 3, middle fixed discs 4 and 5, and bottom fixed ring 6 all have a diameter of 60 cm. The stainless steel cylinder 8 has a diameter of 42 mm and a height of 1.5 meters. Each rectangular frame 12 of the regular hexagonal base 7 is 87 cm long, 100 mm wide, and 80 mm high. The bottom connecting rectangular block 13 is 45 cm long, 100 mm wide, and 80 mm high. The positioning hole 11 has a diameter of 110 mm. The center ring 14 has an outer diameter of 60 cm, a width of 100 mm, and a height of 80 mm. The cylindrical counterweight 16 has a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 350 mm, each weighing 25 kg. The gravity ring 18 is made of stainless steel, with an outer diameter of 400 mm, an inner diameter of 330 mm, and a height of 50 mm. Each weighs 20 kg. The device can be used in waters within a depth of 50 meters, with a sampling diameter of 90~100 mm and a sampling length of 2 meters.

[0081] The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device provided by the most specific embodiment of the present invention has the following characteristics: required materials: a stainless steel disc with a thickness of 2 cm and an outer diameter of 60 cm; a stainless steel disc with a thickness of 2 cm, an outer diameter of 60 cm and an inner diameter of 110 mm; a stainless steel cylinder with a diameter of 42 mm and a height of 1.5 meters; a stainless steel bracket with a length of 1.7 meters; a stainless steel cuboid with a length of 87 cm, a width of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm; a stainless steel cuboid with a length of 45 cm, a width of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm; a stainless steel ring with an outer diameter of 60 cm, a width of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm; a stainless steel cylindrical counterweight with a diameter of 150 mm, a height of 350 mm and a weight of 25 kg; a PVL electric acoustic sampling drill; a sampling tube with a length of 2 meters and a diameter of 90~100 mm.

[0082] Preparation and sampling steps:

[0083] 1. Make a regular hexagonal base: Weld together six stainless steel cuboids with a length of 87 cm, six stainless steel cuboids with a length of 45 cm, and a stainless steel ring with an outer diameter of 60 cm, a width of 100 mm, and a height of 80 mm to make the bottom regular hexagonal base of the sediment column sampling fixture.

[0084] 2. Cylinder Fabrication: Six stainless steel cylinders, each 42 mm in diameter and 1.5 m tall, were welded to a 2 cm thick, 60 cm outer diameter stainless steel disc at their tops and bottoms to form the upper cylinder of the device. Six other stainless steel cylinders, each 42 mm in diameter and 1.5 m tall, were welded to a 2 cm thick, 60 cm outer diameter stainless steel disc at their tops and to a 2 cm thick, 60 cm outer diameter, 110 mm inner diameter stainless steel disc at their bottoms to form the lower cylinder of the device.

[0085] 3. Device assembly: Fix the lower cylinder on the regular hexagonal base, and connect three stainless steel brackets between the lower cylinder and the regular hexagonal base to strengthen the fixation. Then install three stainless steel cylindrical counterweights on the regular hexagonal base. Connect and fix the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder together. Place the PVL electric acoustic sampling drill into the installed cylindrical device through the top stainless steel disc, put the gravity ring on the outer ring of the drill, and install the sampling tube at the bottom of the drill. Pass three steel wire ropes through the circular holes of the angle iron at the top of the cylindrical device and hook them to the three lifting rings on the regular hexagonal base. Use another steel wire rope to hook the lifting ring at the top of the PVL electric acoustic sampling drill. Fix these four steel wire ropes to the boom hook.

[0086] 4. Sampling Method: During sampling, the sediment column sampling device is slowly lowered using a crane. When the device is lowered to the surface of sediment, such as bottom mud, the outer frame 1 remains stationary, acting as a fixed fixture. The internal instrument 2 continues to be lowered, continuously acquiring sediment samples through electroacoustic vibration. Lowering stops when the sampling tube is completely immersed in the sediment. At this point, the crane is slowly raised, and the internal instrument 2 is first lifted into the outer frame 1. Both the internal instrument 2 and the outer frame 1 are then lifted out of the water and moved to level ground. The sampling tube is then removed and the sediment sample is retrieved. In other embodiments, the sampling method includes placing the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device on the surface of the wetland sediment, inputting the counterweight weight (pre-weighted and measured), the water depth at the time of sampling (measured by the vessel's onboard depth sounder), and a preset sediment column sample length into a controller, and activating the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device to operate.

[0087] Experimental example, verification of the accuracy of controllable sampling of the sampling device of the present invention

[0088] A sampling device provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention was used to collect 17 sediment column samples with a water depth of 0.1 to 7.7 meters, a length of 1.0 to 1.7 meters, and a diameter of 90 to 100 mm at the Liaohe River Estuary, the Yellow River Estuary, the Yangtze River Estuary, and the Pearl River Estuary. The sampling device was placed on the sediment surface below the water depth, and before operation, the length of the sample to be collected was preset, and the water depth data and the weight data of the pre-balanced weight were obtained from the ship's own water depth detector. After dimensionless processing, these three values ​​were input into the controller. The controller calculated and controlled the drilling depth of the drilling rig and drilled to collect sediment column samples. The length and diameter of these collected sediment column samples were then measured to obtain the measured values. The specific comparison is shown in Table 1 below:

[0089] Table 1

[0090]

[0091] The preset values ​​and measured values ​​of length and diameter in Table 1 above were input into SPSS for significant difference analysis. p <0.05, the difference is not significant, which is enough to prove that the sampling device of the present invention has high accuracy in controlling the length of the sample.

[0092] The words "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in this article to describe the directions are for the convenience of explanation based on the directions shown in the drawings. In actual devices, these directions may be different due to the placement of the device.

[0093] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not possible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any obvious variations or modifications arising from the technical solution of the present invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device, characterized in that: The apparatus is provided with: a controller, a drilling rig and a stabilizing frame; the stabilizing frame is provided with a traction component, a drilling rig lifting channel and a base; the traction component includes a linear structure A, a linear structure B and an annular structure respectively provided at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel, the base and the top of the drilling rig; the linear structure A sequentially passes through the annular structure at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel and the annular structure of the base and is fixed to the base; the drilling rig lifting channel is provided at the upper part of the base and passes through the base; the linear structure B pulls the drilling rig up and down in the drilling rig lifting channel; a counterweight component is provided on the base; the controller is connected to the drilling rig; the controller is provided with a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a method for calculating the drilling depth Y of the drilling rig; the calculation method is performed according to the following formula I: Y=1.0091X1+0.831X2-0.001X3-0.001X4+0.076 Formula I In formula I, Y is the dimensionless value of the drilling depth in meters, X1 is the dimensionless value of the water depth at the time of sampling in meters, X2 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample length in meters, X3 is the dimensionless value of the counterweight weight in kilograms, and X4 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample diameter in millimeters; the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device can collect sediment column samples with a water depth of 0 to 7.7 meters, a length of 1.0 to 1.7 meters, and a diameter of 90 to 100 mm.

2. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base is provided with a bottom cylinder with a through hole; a middle ring is provided at the middle position corresponding to the bottom cylinder; an upper ring is provided at the upper position corresponding to the middle ring; the through hole of the bottom cylinder, the hollow circular hole of the middle circular hole, and the hollow circular hole of the upper circular hole correspond to each other in the vertical direction and form the drilling rig lifting channel; And / or, the controller is connected to the drilling rig via a line.

3. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameters of the hollow circular holes of the upper circular ring and the middle circular ring are larger than the width of the widest part of the drilling rig; the diameter of the through hole of the bottom cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the sampling tube of the drilling rig.

4. An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A plurality of support columns are provided upward on the top surface of the bottom cylinder as a linear structure A; the bottom ends of the support columns are evenly distributed along the periphery of the bottom cylinder; the support columns pass through the middle ring and their top ends are connected to the bottom surface of the upper ring.

5. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The base is further provided with a plurality of connecting rods axially extending outwardly and evenly from the side wall of the bottom cylinder; the outer sides of the plurality of connecting rods are connected to the base frame.

6. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The base frame is selected from: a rectangular structure or a hexagonal structure; And / or, the number of the support columns is 6-12; And / or, the number of the connecting rods is 6; And / or, the connecting rod is in the shape of a cuboid; And / or, counterweights are provided on the top surfaces of the three spaced-apart connecting rods; And / or, the top surfaces of the three spaced connecting rods are provided with inclined braces; the bottom ends of the inclined braces are connected to the connecting rods, and the top ends are connected to the support rods; And / or, the three connecting rods provided with the counterweight blocks do not overlap with the three connecting rods provided with the diagonal braces.

7. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Three angle irons with circular holes are evenly arranged on the periphery of the bottom surface of the upper circular ring in the outward direction; the distances between the centers of the circular holes on the three angle irons and the center of the hollow circular hole of the upper circular ring are equal; And / or, the top surfaces of the three connecting rods provided with the counterweight blocks are provided with upright lifting rings; each lifting ring is equidistant from the center of the bottom cylinder; And / or, a lifting ring is provided on the top of the drilling rig; And / or, the circular hole on the angle iron, the lifting ring of the connecting rod and the lifting ring on the top of the drilling rig are the annular structure; and / or, the lifting ring on the top of the drilling rig is connected to the lifting equipment via the linear structure B; Alternatively, the linear structure A and the linear structure B are both steel ropes.

8. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling rig is a PVL electric acoustic sampling drilling rig; And / or, a gravity ring is provided at the lower part of the drilling rig; and a sampling tube is connected to the lower part of the gravity ring.

9. An experimental method for sampling sediment columns in estuarine wetlands, characterized in that: An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used to perform sediment column sampling in an estuarine wetland. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling experimental method comprises: placing the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device on the sediment surface of the wetland, inputting the counterweight weight, the water depth during sampling, and the preset sediment column sample length and diameter into a controller, and starting the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device to operate.

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