Horizontal polarization two-dimensional directional diagram reconfigurable antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a horizontal polarization two-dimensional directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the antenna comprises a high dielectric constant dielectric resonator, a nylon column used for supporting and fixing, an excitation gap, a metal floor, a T-shaped microstrip feeder of a terminal open circuit, a low-loss dielectric substrate, an electronic switch, a direct current bias circuit and a metal short circuit column. By combining various slot shapes, electric field regulation and control can be effectively realized, a reconfigurable implementation scheme of a horizontal polarization directional diagram is further explored, and a low-cost multifunctional antenna is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of communication technology, and in particular relates to a horizontally polarized two-dimensional directional pattern reconfigurable antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the requirements for antennas are becoming increasingly complex. Reconfigurable antennas can increase the beam coverage of antennas by changing the radiation pattern while keeping the operating frequency basically unchanged, thereby expanding the capacity of the communication system. This type of antenna has broad application prospects, especially in wireless communication systems that require high data rates, low latency and wide coverage. Horizontally polarized antennas are less affected by ground reflections during propagation, so they can reduce the impact of multipath effects on communication quality, and therefore have strong anti-interference capabilities. At the same time, they are widely used due to their small mechanical constraints and easy installation.

[0003] Therefore, in recent years, horizontally polarized reconfigurable antennas have been widely studied and discussed. The main implementation methods are as follows: electric field control based on liquid medium; passive oscillators that introduce controllable reflectors / directors based on the Yagi principle to achieve reflection / direction of the directional pattern; reconfigurable equivalent electric / magnetic dipoles based on the Huygens principle to achieve mode superposition switching; and direction switching using reconfigurable feed excitation structures.

[0004] However, the control of the liquid medium in the above implementation method is relatively complex and the response speed is slow, so it is not suitable for low-latency modern wireless communications. The reflector required in the Yagi principle and the required placement space will inevitably lead to a larger overall size. The Huygens source principle scheme is often affected by the complexity of the structure and control mechanism or the limited reconfiguration capability. At the same time, reconfigurable antennas based on multiple feeding ports often require complex feeding switching or phase shifting networks.

[0005] More importantly, the current horizontally polarized reconfigurable antennas are often limited by the electric field distribution and the reconfiguration method, and can only achieve one-dimensional pattern switching, with limited beam states and beam coverage capabilities. Therefore, there is still a need to further develop horizontally polarized antennas with two-dimensional reconfigurable patterns.

[0006] In addition, the reconfigurable antenna still faces some challenges, such as large size, complex structure, high cost (complex control), limited bandwidth, and low efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a horizontally polarized two-dimensional directional pattern reconfigurable antenna, which solves the problem of limited scanning range of the horizontally polarized directional pattern reconfigurable antenna.

[0008] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a horizontally polarized two-dimensional directional pattern reconfigurable antenna, comprising a high dielectric constant dielectric resonator, a nylon column for supporting and fixing, an excitation slot, a metal floor, a T-shaped microstrip feed with an open terminal, a low-loss dielectric substrate, an electronic switch, a DC bias circuit and a metal short-circuit column;

[0009] The high dielectric constant dielectric resonator is placed at the center of a low-loss dielectric substrate, and nylon columns are used to support the high dielectric constant dielectric resonator and the low-loss dielectric substrate. The metal floor and T-shaped microstrip feeding are respectively located on the upper surface and lower surface of the low-loss dielectric substrate. The excitation gap is etched on the metal floor. The metal short-circuit column is located on both sides of the excitation gap and passes through the low-loss dielectric substrate to be connected to the metal floor. The DC bias circuit switches the on / off state of the electronic switch through a DC voltage, and the electronic switch is connected across the excitation gap.

[0010] Furthermore, there are four electronic switches, and the four electronic switches control the H-shaped excitation gap.

[0011] Furthermore, the high dielectric constant dielectric resonator is a radiation body.

[0012] Furthermore, the metal short-circuit column is grounded.

[0013] Furthermore, the DC bias circuit is provided with lumped electronic components.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0015] (1) The present invention proposes a novel implementation scheme for a tilted pattern of horizontal polarization, and further explores a dielectric resonator antenna scheme based on slot excitation of various shapes. The present invention implements a tilted beam scheme based on various slot shape excitations, including but not limited to the T / Π-shaped slot excitation form in the present invention. The present invention further explores a reconfigurable implementation scheme for a horizontal polarization pattern by combining a variety of slot shapes, thereby realizing a low-cost multifunctional antenna.

[0016] (2) The present invention controls the excitation slots through four electronic switch elements, realizes the switching of four directional beams of two-dimensional horizontal polarization, and effectively improves the diversity of the directivity pattern of the horizontal reconfigurable antenna. A two-dimensional horizontal polarization directivity pattern reconfigurable solution based on slot excitation structure control is provided.

[0017] (3) The present invention utilizes a dielectric resonator with a high dielectric constant as the radiating body, and its electric field is easy to control. At the same time, the antenna itself has a compact structure and high radiation efficiency, and has good application prospects in miniaturized modern wireless communications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A 3D view of the horizontally polarized reconfigurable antenna.

[0019] Figure 2 A top view of the horizontally polarized reconfigurable antenna.

[0020] Figure 3 The electric field distribution diagram of the horizontally polarized dielectric resonator antenna under excitation of slots of different shapes.

[0021] Figure 4 The radiation patterns corresponding to the four different states of the horizontally polarized reconfigurable antenna.

[0022] Figure 5 The electric field distribution corresponding to the four different states of the horizontally polarized reconfigurable antenna.

[0023] Among them, 1-high dielectric constant dielectric resonator, 2-nylon column, 3-excitation gap, 4-metal floor, 5-T-shaped microstrip feeding, 6-low loss dielectric substrate, 7-electronic switch, 8-DC bias circuit, 9-metal short-circuit column, 10-lumped electronic components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0025] Example

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a horizontally polarized two-dimensional directional pattern reconfigurable antenna, comprising a high dielectric constant dielectric resonator 1, a nylon column 2 for supporting and fixing, a controllable excitation slot 3, a metal floor 4, a T-shaped microstrip feed with an open terminal 5, a low-loss dielectric substrate 6, an electronic switch 7, a DC bias circuit 8, and a metal short-circuit column 9;

[0027] The high dielectric constant dielectric resonator 1 is placed at the center of the low loss dielectric substrate 6, and the high dielectric constant dielectric resonator 1 and the low loss dielectric substrate 6 are supported by a nylon column 2. The metal floor 4 and the T-shaped microstrip feed 5 are respectively located on the upper surface and the lower surface of the low loss dielectric substrate 6. The excitation slot 3 is etched on the metal floor 4. The metal short-circuit column 9 is located on both sides of the excitation slot 3 and passes through the low loss dielectric substrate 6 to connect with the metal floor 4. The DC bias circuit 8 switches the on / off state of the electronic switch 7 through a DC voltage, and the electronic switch 7 is bridged across the H-shaped excitation slot 3.

[0028] In this embodiment, there are four electronic switches 7, and the four electronic switches 7 control the H-shaped excitation gap 3. The high dielectric constant dielectric resonator 1 is a radiation body, the metal short-circuit column 9 is grounded, and the DC bias circuit 8 is provided with a lumped electronic component 10.

[0029] In this embodiment, the horizontally polarized directional pattern reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna provided by the present invention mainly includes a high dielectric constant dielectric resonator 1, a nylon column 2 for supporting and fixing, a controllable H-shaped excitation slot 3, a metal floor 4 etched with an H-shaped slot, and a T-shaped microstrip feed 5 with an open terminal; a low-loss dielectric substrate 6, wherein the high dielectric constant dielectric resonator 1 is placed at the center of the low-loss dielectric substrate 6, and the two-layer structure is fixedly supported by the nylon column 2, the metal floor 4 and the T-shaped microstrip feed 5 with an open terminal are respectively implemented on the upper surface and the lower surface of the low-loss dielectric substrate 6, and the controllable H-shaped excitation slot 3 is etched on the metal floor 4.

[0030] In this embodiment, the present invention utilizes the T-shaped microstrip feed 5 with an open terminal to excite the controllable H-shaped excitation slot 3, and further couples and excites the high dielectric constant dielectric resonator 1, that is, stable radiation with horizontal polarization can be generated. The T-shaped microstrip feed 5 can achieve good impedance matching by adjusting the open terminal branches and its own size structure. At the same time, since it can excite the slot resonance mode and the dielectric resonator resonance mode, it can achieve a wider impedance bandwidth (2.2GHz-2.6GHz), which can cover the 2.4GHz WI-FI frequency band requirements. At the same time, since it uses a high dielectric constant dielectric resonator as the main radiator, the present invention has a compact structure (0.48λ0×0.48λ0×0.13λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength of 2.4GHz) and good radiation efficiency.

[0031] In this embodiment, the present invention uses a controllable H-shaped excitation slot 3 to adjust the shape of the excitation slot, thereby regulating the electric field to achieve the deflection of the radiation pattern. In order to further explain the radiation characteristics of the rectangular dielectric resonator under the excitation of slots of different shapes, Figure 3 The electric field distribution under the excitation of the Π-shaped slot and the T-shaped slot is shown. For the Π-shaped slot, both ends of the slot extend in the -x direction. As the extended slot is extended, the excitation currents in the extended slot on the -x axis side cancel each other out; thus, the radiation in the +x direction of the dielectric resonator is enhanced, forming an inclined beam in the +x direction. For the T-shaped slot, the rectangular slot extends on the +y side. The existence of the +y side slot causes the current to concentrate on the floor on the +y side, further enhancing the radiation on the +y side, thus forming an inclined beam in the +y direction.

[0032] In this embodiment, in order to achieve the reconfiguration of the beam, the present invention combines the above two excitation slot structures that can achieve tilted beams, and four electronic switches 7 placed at corresponding positions across the excitation slots 3 cleverly realize the control of simple excitation structure switching, thereby achieving reconfiguration of the radiation pattern.

[0033] In this embodiment, for state one, when the electronic switch elements Pin 1 and Pin 2 are turned off and the other switches are turned on, the extended gap in the -x direction works normally and the Π-shaped slot in the -x direction is excited; the electric field is concentrated in the +x direction, thus generating a horizontally polarized tilted beam in the +x direction (Phi=0°).

[0034] For state 2, when the electronic switch elements Pin 2 and Pin 4 are turned off and the other switches are turned on, the extended gap in the +y direction works normally, that is, the T-shaped slot in the +y direction is excited, and the electric field is concentrated in the +y direction, thus generating a horizontally polarized tilted beam in the +y direction (Phi = 90°). Further, based on symmetry, states 3 and 4 corresponding to the Π-shaped slot in the +x direction and the T-shaped slot in the +y direction, that is, the switching of the tilted beams in the other two symmetrical directions, can be achieved.

[0035] In this embodiment, Figure 4 As shown in Figure 1, the switching of the two-dimensional horizontal polarization pattern is realized by using four electronic switch elements. The electric field distribution corresponding to the four states is shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 As shown, the feasibility of the invention to control the electric field to achieve reconfigurable directional pattern is verified.

[0036] In this embodiment, the on-off states of the four Pin diodes and the corresponding directional angles of the directional diagrams are shown in Table 1 below:

[0037] Table 1

[0038] state Pin One Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Radiation direction Status 1 Break Break Pass Pass Phi=0° Status 2 Pass Break Pass Break Phi=90° State three Pass Pass Break Break Phi=180° State 4 Break Pass Break Pass Phi=270°

[0039] In this embodiment, in order to realize the state control of the electronic switch 7 connected across the excitation gap 3, the DC bias circuit 8 corresponding to the electronic switch 7 is used to effectively switch the on / off state of the electronic switch through a DC voltage.

[0040] In this embodiment, the grounded metal short-circuit column 9 is implemented on both sides of the controllable H-shaped excitation gap 3, passes through the low-loss dielectric substrate 6, and is connected to the metal floor 4. In this way, the electronic switch 7 can control the working / grounding (cutoff) state of the excitation gap 3. The lumped electronic components 10 (resistance / inductance / capacitance) located on the DC bias circuit 8 can effectively avoid the influence of DC voltage control on radiation characteristics. The simple and efficient excitation control scheme designed by the present invention is suitable for future low-latency, low-cost wireless communication systems.

Claims

1. A horizontally polarized two-dimensional pattern reconfigurable antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a high dielectric constant dielectric resonator (1), a nylon column (2) for supporting and fixing, an excitation gap (3), a metal floor (4), a T-shaped microstrip feed with an open terminal (5), a low-loss dielectric substrate (6), an electronic switch (7), a DC bias circuit (8) and a metal short-circuit column (9); The high dielectric constant dielectric resonator (1) is placed at the center of a low-loss dielectric substrate (6), and a nylon column (2) is used to support the high dielectric constant dielectric resonator (1) and the low-loss dielectric substrate (6); the metal floor (4) and the T-shaped microstrip feed (5) are respectively located on the upper surface and the lower surface of the low-loss dielectric substrate (6); the excitation gap (3) is etched on the metal floor (4); the metal short-circuit column (9) is located on both sides of the excitation gap (3) and passes through the low-loss dielectric substrate (6) to be connected to the metal floor (4); the DC bias circuit (8) switches the on / off state of the electronic switch (7) through a DC voltage; and the electronic switch (7) is bridged across the excitation gap (3).

2. The horizontally polarized two-dimensional pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four electronic switches (7), and the four electronic switches (7) control the excitation gaps (3), wherein the shape of the excitation gaps (3) includes an H shape.

3. The horizontally polarized two-dimensional pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high dielectric constant dielectric resonator (1) is a radiation body.

4. The horizontally polarized two-dimensional pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal short-circuit column (9) is grounded.

5. The horizontally polarized two-dimensional pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DC bias circuit (8) is provided with a lumped electronic component (10).

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