Antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an antenna comprising: a waveguide structure comprising a bottom plate defining a waveguide cavity and a side plate connected to the edge of the bottom plate; the dielectric substrate and the radiation electrode are sequentially arranged in the waveguide cavity in the direction away from the bottom plate; a first gap is formed between the dielectric substrate and the radiation electrode; at least one feed structure, wherein the feed structure comprises a coupling assembly and a feed assembly which are connected; the coupling assembly extends into the waveguide cavity through a first through hole penetrating through the bottom plate; the feed assembly is a microstrip transmission line; the feed assembly is arranged on the side, away from the dielectric substrate, of the bottom plate and at least partially overlaps the orthographic projection of the bottom plate on the dielectric substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of radio frequency technology, and in particular relates to an antenna and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] The radial line slot antenna (RLSA) is a flat slot array antenna. In order to improve the utilization rate of electromagnetic waves, the traditional radial line antenna adopts two methods: 1. Adding an absorbing structure on the periphery of the antenna; 2. Designing the slots on the radiating electrode layer on the waveguide to different sizes to meet different needs. This makes the antenna structure complicated and requires high processing accuracy. The present invention provides an antenna that can radiate most of the energy from the slot, so there is no need for an absorbing structure on the periphery, and the slots on the radiating electrode layer are of uniform size, which can reduce the complexity and difficulty of antenna assembly, achieve low-cost production of the antenna, and have good economic benefits. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides an antenna, comprising:

[0004] A waveguide structure, comprising a bottom plate defining a waveguide cavity and side plates connected to edges of the bottom plate;

[0005] A dielectric substrate and a radiation electrode are sequentially arranged in the waveguide cavity in a direction away from the bottom plate; a first gap is formed between the dielectric substrate and the radiation electrode;

[0006] At least one feeding structure, the feeding structure comprising a connected coupling component and a feeding component; the coupling component extends into the waveguide cavity through a first through hole penetrating the bottom plate; the feeding component is a microstrip transmission line; the feeding component is arranged on a side of the bottom plate away from the dielectric substrate, and at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the bottom plate on the dielectric substrate.

[0007] In some embodiments, the feeding assembly includes a main body and a first branch portion and a second branch portion connected at both ends of the extension direction of the main body, the first branch portion and the second branch portion are both different from the extension direction of the main body; and the first branch portion is connected to the coupling assembly.

[0008] In some embodiments, there are multiple feeding components; the second branch portion in each feeding component is farther away from the center of the bottom plate than the first branch portion.

[0009] In some embodiments, the feeding assembly includes a first extension portion and a second extension portion that are cross-arranged; the first extension portion is connected to the coupling assembly; and the midpoint of the first extension portion in its extension direction coincides with the midpoint of the second extension portion in its extension direction.

[0010] In some embodiments, the number of the feeding components is four; with the center of the base plate as the rotation center, any two adjacent feeding components are rotationally symmetrical.

[0011] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the feeding component on the substrate is a circle.

[0012] In some embodiments, the antenna also includes a retaining wall group arranged on the side of the base plate close to the dielectric substrate; the retaining wall group includes a plurality of coaxially arranged retaining walls; the distance between the one of the plurality of retaining walls closest to the center of the base plate and the center of the base plate is greater than the distance between the coupling component and the center of the base plate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the distances between any two adjacent retaining walls are equal.

[0014] In some embodiments, the radiating electrode includes a plurality of slot pairs; the slot pairs are arranged to form a plurality of nested groups, the slot pairs in each group are spaced in sequence, and the lines connecting the centers of the slot pairs in each group form a circle; the centers of the circles formed by the slot pairs in each group are the same, and form concentric circles; the centers of the concentric circles are the same as the center of the radiating electrode.

[0015] In some embodiments, the slit pair includes a first slit and a second slit having different extension directions, and the center of the slit pair is the intersection of the extension direction of the first slit and the extension direction of the second slit;

[0016] The angle between the line connecting the center of the first slit and the center of the concentric circle and the extension direction of the first slit is equal to the angle between the line connecting the center of the second slit and the center of the circle and the extension direction of the second slit, and the angle is θ1; the angle between the line connecting the center of the first slit and the center of the concentric circle and the line connecting the center of the second slit and the center of the circle is β1; the length of the first slit and the length of the second slit are both L; the extension direction of the first slit is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second slit, and the vertical distance between the first slit and the second slit is δ; the distance between the center of the first slit and the center of the concentric circle is ρ1, and the distance between the center of the second slit and the center of the concentric circle is ρ2; the above parameters satisfy:

[0017]

[0018] ρ2sinθ1-ρ1cosθ1=L+δ

[0019]

[0020] k = 2π / λg;

[0021] in, is the first kind Hankel function, is the second kind of Hankel function, and λg is the waveguide wavelength.

[0022] In some embodiments, the difference between the radii of two circles formed by two adjacent groups of the slot pairs is d, and d is less than λ0; λ0 is the wavelength of air.

[0023] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a plurality of radiation probes extending through the first slot and the second slot.

[0024] In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises an auxiliary electrode disposed between the radiation electrode and the bottom plate; the radiation electrode, the auxiliary electrode and the waveguide structure constitute a double-layer radial line waveguide structure.

[0025] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a first supporting layer disposed between the radiation electrode and the first gap, and a second supporting layer disposed on a side of the radiation electrode away from the dielectric substrate.

[0026] In some embodiments, the distance between the radiation electrode and the bottom plate is H, H is less than λg / 2; λg is the waveguide wavelength.

[0027] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a plurality of screws; the screws sequentially penetrate the dielectric substrate and the bottom plate and fix the two relatively; and the nuts of the screws define the first gap.

[0028] The present disclosure also provides an electronic device, comprising the antenna in the above embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the structure of a feeding assembly provided by the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 2b A schematic structural diagram of another feeding assembly provided by the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 2c A schematic structural diagram of another feeding assembly provided by the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 3a A bottom view of an antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 3b A bottom view of another antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 4a A top view of an antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 4b for Figure 4a Schematic diagram of the structure of the gap pair in ;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first supporting layer and a second supporting layer in the antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a retaining wall group in an antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a radiation probe in an antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an auxiliary electrode in the antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 9a for Figure 8 When the antenna is in rotation mode and the frequency is 12 GHz Normalized orientation map of the surface;

[0042] Figure 9b for Figure 8 When the antenna is operating in normal mode and the frequency is 12 GHz Normalized orientation map of the surface;

[0043] Fig.9c for Figure 8 The return loss S11 simulation result diagram of the middle antenna;

[0044] Figure 9d for Figure 8 Axial ratio diagram of the antenna. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms involved in this application should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the technical field to which this application belongs. The words "one", "a", "a", "the" and the like involved in this application do not indicate a quantitative limitation, and may represent the singular or plural. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and any of their variations involved in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units that are not listed, or may also include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The words "connect", "connected", "coupled" and the like involved in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The "multiple" involved in this application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. involved in this application are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0047] In the related art, the planar slot antenna uses probe feeding to feed the antenna. The probe transmits the signal to the feeding point of the antenna by inserting it into the antenna waveguide cavity. The performance of the antenna (such as the axial ratio diagram and the non-circularity of the radiation pattern) can be improved by adjusting the length and position of the probe. However, in actual use, due to the relatively fixed shape of the probe, it is difficult to achieve impedance matching between the probe and the antenna, resulting in low signal transmission efficiency and poor antenna performance.

[0048] In view of this, the present disclosure provides an antenna, referring to Figure 1The antenna comprises a waveguide structure 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a radiation electrode 3 and at least one feeding structure 4. The waveguide structure 1 comprises a bottom plate 11 defining a waveguide cavity of the antenna and a side plate 12 connected to the edge of the bottom plate 11. Both the bottom plate 11 and the side plate 12 comprise metal materials. The bottom plate 11 is used as a reflector and a reference ground of the antenna. The side plate 12 is used as a reflector of the antenna. The reference ground and the reflector can ensure that the signal is transmitted in the waveguide cavity, thereby improving the signal radiation efficiency. The dielectric substrate 2 is arranged in the waveguide cavity. The dielectric substrate 2 is used to support the entire antenna structure to ensure the physical stability and mechanical strength of the antenna. At the same time, the dielectric substrate 2 is also used to transmit electromagnetic waves. The dielectric constant and thickness of the dielectric substrate 2 determine the transmission speed of the electromagnetic waves and the resonant frequency and radiation efficiency of the antenna. The radiation electrode 3 is arranged in the waveguide cavity and is located on the side of the dielectric substrate 2 away from the bottom plate 11. A plurality of slot pairs 30 are arranged on the radiation electrode 3, and the slot pairs 30 are used to radiate electromagnetic waves. The feeding structure 4 includes a connected coupling component 41 and a feeding component 42. The coupling component 41 extends into the waveguide cavity through a first through hole VIA penetrating the bottom plate 11. The feeding component 42 is arranged on the side of the bottom plate 11 away from the dielectric substrate 2, and at least partially overlaps with the positive projection of the bottom plate 11 on the dielectric substrate 2. In other words, the bottom plate 11 is not only used as a reference ground for the antenna, but also forms a microstrip transmission structure with the feeding component 42. The signal is transmitted to the feeding point of the antenna through the microstrip transmission structure and the coupling component 41 in turn, and the antenna is stimulated to radiate electromagnetic waves. It should be noted that an insulating layer (not shown in the figure) is arranged between the feeding structure 4 and the bottom plate 11. The insulating layer is used to isolate the feeding structure 4 and the bottom plate 11, and as a dielectric layer, it forms a microstrip line transmission structure together with the feeding component 42 and the bottom plate 11. Among them, by adjusting the parameters such as the shape, length, and extension direction of the feeding component 42, the impedance of the feeding structure 4 and the antenna can be well matched, thereby improving the signal transmission efficiency and improving the performance of the antenna (such as the axial ratio diagram and the non-circularity of the radiation pattern).

[0049] In some examples, reference Figure 2a The feeding component 42 includes a main body 423 and a first branch 421 and a second branch 422 connected at both ends of the main body 423 in the extension direction. The first branch 421 is connected to the coupling component 41. The first branch 421 and the second branch 422 are both in different extension directions from the main body 423. Figure 2aIn the example shown, the first branch portion 421 and the second branch portion 422 have the same extension direction, and the extension direction of the two is perpendicular to the extension direction of the main body 423. The midpoint of the first branch portion 421 in its extension direction is the connection node between the first branch portion 421 and the main body 423, and the midpoint of the second branch portion 422 in its extension direction is the connection node between the second branch portion 422 and the main body 423. At this time, the feeding assembly 42 formed by the main body 423, the first branch portion 421 and the second branch portion 422 is an I-shaped assembly, and the I-shaped assembly has a symmetrical structure, which can well control the electromagnetic field distribution and is not easily disturbed by the surrounding environment, thereby ensuring stable signal transmission. In one example, the lengths of the first branch portion 421 and the second branch portion 422 are equal, and the midpoint of the first branch portion 421 in its extension direction is the connection node between the first branch portion 421 and the coupling assembly 41. Of course, the lengths and extension directions of the first branch portion 421, the second branch portion 422 and the main body 423 can be designed differently as needed to perform impedance matching with antennas of different working frequency bands.

[0050] In some examples, reference Figure 2b , the feeding assembly 42 includes a first extension portion 424 and a second extension portion 425 arranged crosswise, and one end of the first extension portion 424 is connected to the coupling assembly 41. At this time, the first extension portion 424 and the second extension portion 425 form an X-shaped assembly, and the X-shaped assembly divides the electromagnetic field into four regions. In one example, the extension direction of the first extension portion 424 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second extension portion 425, and the center of the first extension portion 424 in its extension direction is the same as the center of the second extension portion 425 in its extension direction. At this time, the feeding assembly 42 formed by the first extension portion 424 and the second extension portion 425 is a cross-shaped assembly, which is small in size, simple in structure, and suitable for large-scale production. Of course, the length of the first extension portion 424 and the second extension portion 425 and the angle between the two can be designed differently as needed to perform impedance matching with antennas of different operating frequency bands.

[0051] In some examples, the feeding component 42 may also be a component of some specific shapes, such as a circular component, a rectangular component, a triangular component, etc. Figure 2c As shown, the feeding component 42 is a circular component. In this case, the center of the feeding component 42 is the connection node between the feeding component 42 and the coupling component 41. The use of the above-mentioned specific shape of the component can simplify the process flow and reduce the process difficulty. By adjusting the size of the component, the impedance matching of the feeding component 42 and the antennas of different working frequency bands can be achieved.

[0052] In the above embodiment, only the case where the antenna includes one feeding structure 4 is described. When the antenna includes one feeding structure 4, the coupling component 41 in the feeding structure 4 is arranged at the center of the bottom plate 11, and the feeding component 42 is arranged on the side of the bottom plate 11 away from the dielectric substrate 2. Of course, the antenna can also include multiple feeding structures 4, and the provision of multiple feeding structures 4 can achieve better impedance matching and higher gain. In this case, the multiple coupling components 41 in the multiple feeding structures 4 are evenly distributed around the center of the bottom plate 11, and the multiple feeding components 42 in the multiple feeding structures 4 are arranged rotationally symmetrically in sequence.

[0053] For example, the antenna includes four feeding structures 4, and the feeding component 42 in the feeding structure 4 is an I-shaped component. Figure 3a As shown, the four coupling components 41 in the four feeding structures 4 are evenly arranged around the center of the bottom plate 11, and the connecting lines of the four coupling components 41 form a rhombus, and the center of the bottom plate 11 is located at the intersection of the two diagonals of the rhombus. For the four feeding components 42 respectively connected to the four coupling components 41, with the center of the bottom plate 11 as the rotation center, any two adjacent feeding components 42 rotate 90° symmetrically. When providing an excitation signal to the feeding structure 4, the phases of the excitation signals provided to the four feeding components 42 in the clockwise direction can be 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° respectively. At this time, the antenna works in a rotation mode, and the antenna generates a superposition state (and beam) in the side-shooting direction, and the antenna has a better return loss characteristic. Of course, it is also possible to provide excitation signals with the same phase and amplitude to each feeding component 42. At this time, the antenna works in a normal mode, and the radiation performance of the antenna is closer to isotropy. For each I-shaped feeding assembly 42, the second branch portion 422 is farther away from the center O1 of the bottom plate than the first branch portion 421, that is, the feeding assembly 42 is arranged outside the rhombus. Further, the extension direction of the main body 423 in the I-shaped feeding assembly 42 is on the same straight line as the line between the center of the bottom plate 11 and the coupling assembly 41 connected to the feeding assembly 42.

[0054] For example, the antenna includes three feeding structures 4, and the feeding structure 4 is a cross-shaped component. Figure 3bAs shown, the three coupling components 41 in the three feeding structures 4 are evenly arranged around the center O1 of the bottom plate, and the connecting line of the three coupling components 41 forms an equilateral triangle, and the center of the bottom plate 11 is located at the center of the equilateral triangle. For the three feeding components 42 respectively connected to the three coupling components 41, with the center O1 of the bottom plate as the rotation center, any two adjacent feeding components 42 rotate 120° symmetrically. Among them, for each cross-shaped feeding component 42, the extension direction of the first extension portion 424 is on the same straight line as the connecting line between the center of the bottom plate 11 and the coupling component 41 connected to the feeding component 42, and the extension direction of the second extension portion 425 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first extension portion 424.

[0055] Of course, the antenna may also include more feeding structures 4. For example, when the antenna includes six feeding structures 4, the six feeding components 42 of the six feeding structures 4 are rotated 60° in sequence and symmetrically arranged.

[0056] In some examples, a plurality of slot pairs 30 for radiating electromagnetic waves are provided on the radiation electrode 3. Figure 4a-4b The slot pair 30 includes a first slot 31 and a second slot 32 with different extension directions. In the present disclosure, the extension direction of the first slot 31 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second slot 32. It should be noted that the first slot 31 and the second slot 32 are both narrow slot openings, so the center of the first slot 31 is the center along its extension direction, and the center of the second slot 32 is the center along its extension direction. The extension direction here is the length direction of the slot opening. Figure 4a , each slot pair 30 is arranged to form a plurality of nested groups, the slot pairs 30 in each group are arranged in sequence, and the connecting line of the centers of each slot pair 30 in each group forms a circle, the centers of the circles formed by each group of slot pairs 30 are the same, forming a concentric circle, the center of the concentric circle is the same as the center of the radiation electrode 3, and for the convenience of description, the center of the concentric circle is referred to as the center O2 below. In some examples, the difference between the radii of two adjacent circles in the concentric circle is d, d is less than λ0; λ0 is the wavelength of air. It should be noted that the center of the slot pair 30 is the intersection of the extension direction of the first slot 31 and the extension direction of the second slot 32. Here, the extension direction of the first slot 31 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second slot 32, and the first slot 31 is on the perpendicular bisector of the second slot 32, so the center of the slot pair 30 is the center of the second slot 32.

[0057] Figure 4b FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a gap pair 30. Figure 4b, the angle between the line connecting the center and the center of the first slit 31 and the extension direction of the first slit 31 is equal to the angle between the line connecting the center and the center of the second slit 32 and the extension direction of the second slit 32, and the angle is θ1. The angle between the line connecting the center and the center of the first slit 31 and the line connecting the center and the center of the second slit 32 is β1. The length of the first slit 31 and the length of the second slit 32 are both L. The vertical distance between the first slit 31 and the second slit 32 is δ. The distance between the center of the first slit 31 and the center of the circle is ρ1, and the distance between the center of the second slit 32 and the center of the circle is ρ2. The above parameters satisfy:

[0058]

[0059] ρ2sinθ1-ρ1cosθ1=L+δ

[0060]

[0061] k = 2π / λg;

[0062] in, is the first kind Hankel function, is the second kind of Hankel function, and λg is the waveguide wavelength. With such a design, it can be ensured that the first slot 31 and the second slot 32 of the same slot pair 30 are excited with equal amplitude.

[0063] In some examples, reference Figure 5 The antenna also includes a retaining wall group arranged on the side of the bottom plate 11 close to the dielectric substrate 2, and the retaining wall group includes a plurality of retaining walls 6 arranged coaxially, and the material of the retaining walls 6 includes a conductive metal material, such as aluminum, copper, etc. The positive projection of each retaining wall 6 on the dielectric substrate 2 is a first figure, and the center of the first figure coincides with the center O1 of the bottom plate 11. Exemplarily, the first figure can be a rectangle or a circle. The distance between the one of the plurality of retaining walls 6 closest to the center of the bottom plate 11 and the center of the bottom plate 11 is greater than the distance between the coupling component 41 and the center of the bottom plate 11, that is, each retaining wall 6 is arranged around the feeding structure 4. In one example, the distance between any two adjacent retaining walls 6 is equal. Setting a retaining wall 6 group can turn the antenna into a slow-wave antenna, thereby exciting high-order harmonics that meet the radiation conditions and achieving effective radiation.

[0064] In other examples, a slow-wave medium may be filled between the bottom plate 11 and the radiation electrode 3 to achieve the effect of a slow-wave antenna. The slow-wave medium layer may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The slow-wave medium layer may include, for example, a polytetrafluoroethylene layer or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

[0065] In some examples, reference Figure 6The antenna further includes a first supporting layer 51 disposed between the radiation electrode 3 and the first gap GAP, and a second supporting layer 52 disposed on the side of the radiation electrode 3 away from the dielectric substrate 2. The first supporting layer 51 and the second supporting layer 52 are disposed on both sides of the radiation electrode 3 to protect the radiation electrode 3 and prevent the radiation electrode 3 from deforming and affecting the radiation efficiency. Optionally, the materials of the first supporting layer 51 and the second supporting layer 52 may include glass.

[0066] In some examples, reference Figure 7 The antenna further includes a plurality of radiation probes 7 penetrating the first slot 31 and the second slot 32. Figure 7 As shown, the radiation probe 7 is arranged at the center of each slot. The radiation probe 7 includes a main branch 71 and two branch nodes 72. The main branch 71 extends through the slot to the waveguide cavity to receive the signal. The branch node 72 is arranged on the side of the radiation electrode 3 away from the dielectric substrate 2, and radiates the signal received from the main branch to the outside. The radiation probe 7 can improve the radiation efficiency and signal transmission rate of the radiation electrode 3.

[0067] In some examples, reference Figure 8 The antenna further includes an auxiliary electrode 8 disposed between the radiation electrode 3 and the bottom plate 11. The radiation electrode 3, the auxiliary electrode 8 and the waveguide structure 1 together constitute a double-layer radial line waveguide structure. The double-layer radial line waveguide structure has high power capacity and high transmission rate, can transmit high-power microwave signals, evenly couple microwaves and radiate electromagnetic waves outward in the form of circular polarization. It should be noted that the specific position of the auxiliary electrode 8 is not limited in the present disclosure. Figure 8 In the example, the auxiliary electrode 8 is disposed between the dielectric substrate 2 and the first gap GAP. The specific position of the auxiliary electrode 8 can also be adjusted according to the working frequency band of the antenna and the impedance matching condition.

[0068] In some examples, continue to refer to Figure 8 , the distance between the radiation electrode 3 and the bottom plate 11 is recorded as H, and the waveguide wavelength of the antenna is recorded as λg, where H<λg / 2. Such a design can make the antenna structure single-mode transmission, thereby increasing the transmission distance and transmission bandwidth of the antenna, and improving the anti-interference ability and stability of the antenna.

[0069] In some examples, continue to refer to Figure 8The antenna further includes a plurality of screws 9, which sequentially penetrate the dielectric substrate 2 and the bottom plate 11 and fix the two relatively. The nut of the screw 9 is arranged between the dielectric substrate 2 and the radiation electrode 3, and defines a first gap GAP. The first gap GAP is filled with air. The provision of the air dielectric layer is equivalent to adding an additional "spring" effect to the antenna, which can improve the frequency response of the antenna and reduce signal loss and reflection. In addition, the air dielectric layer can also change the impedance characteristics of the antenna and optimize the performance and bandwidth of the antenna.

[0070] In some examples, continue to refer to Figure 8 The antenna further includes a plurality of switch units 10 disposed on the side of the second support layer 52 away from the bottom plate 11. The switch units 10 are disposed one-to-one corresponding to the first slots 31 and the second slots 32 on the radiation electrode 3, and the switch units 10 are configured to independently control the switch states of the corresponding slots. That is, the switch units 10 can control whether the slots can radiate electromagnetic wave signals to the outside world.

[0071] Exemplarily, the switch unit 10 in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a PIN diode or a variable reactance diode Varactor. In this case, the PIN diode or the variable reactance diode Varactor may be integrated with the gap to achieve dual-value amplitude or continuous amplitude control capability. For example: taking the switch unit 10 as an example of a PIN diode, the input bias voltage to the PIN diode is controlled to control the forward bias / reverse bias of the PIN diode. When the gap is required to be in the open state, at this time, the input bias voltage to the PIN diode is greater than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode is turned on; when the gap is required to be in the closed state, at this time, the input bias voltage to the PIN diode is less than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode is turned off.

[0072] Exemplarily, the switch unit 10 in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a liquid crystal switch. That is, another dielectric substrate is provided opposite to the dielectric substrate 2, a patch electrode is provided on the dielectric substrate, and an adjustable dielectric layer is provided between the layer where the patch electrode is located and the radiation electrode, for example, the adjustable dielectric layer is a liquid crystal layer. By changing the voltage applied to the patch electrode, the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is changed, thereby realizing continuous regulation of the amplitude of the radio frequency signal radiated from the gap.

[0073] Exemplarily, the switch unit 10 in the embodiment of the present disclosure may also be a MEMS switch. For example, another dielectric substrate is provided opposite to the dielectric substrate 10, and the dielectric substrate is a flexible substrate, on which patch electrodes are provided, and the patch electrodes are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the gaps. At this time, by applying a voltage to the patch electrodes, the distance between the patch electrodes and the gaps is adjusted under the action of the electric field force, so that the radiation amplitude of the radio frequency signal can be continuously controlled.

[0074] The present disclosure also provides Figure 8 It should be noted that the following only includes four I-shaped feeding components 42 (i.e. Figure 3a ) is used as an example to illustrate the performance of the antenna disclosed in the present invention. Moreover, since the antenna and the feeding structure 4 are very symmetrical, the directional patterns at other angles are relatively consistent, so only the directional patterns at other angles are shown. The direction diagram, is the azimuth angle of the antenna. In the simulation, some parameters of the antenna are: the size of the bottom plate 11 is 312mm*312mm; the height of the side plate 12 is 6.7mm; the distance between the bottom plate 11 and the radiation electrode 3 is 4.2mm; the thickness of the dielectric substrate PTFE is 2.5mm; the thickness of the air layer (i.e., the first gap) is 1.2mm; the thickness of the first support layer and the second support layer are both 0.5mm.

[0075] Figure 9a When the antenna is working in rotation mode and the frequency is 12GHz Normalized orientation map of a surface. Figure 9b When the antenna works in normal mode and the frequency is 12GHz In the normalized radiation pattern of the surface, in the conventional mode, the TEM mode wave is transmitted in the waveguide, which causes the antenna array to form a zero depth (difference beam) in the side-firing direction. Figure 9a The coordinates of several key points are m1(90.0000,0.0000), m2(75.0000,-25.6392), m3(81.0000,-23.6592), m4(70.0000,-26.2887), m5(111.0000,-27.7193), m6(121.0000,-28.6716), and m7(106.0000,-25.0753). Figure 9b The coordinates of several key points are m1 (90.0000, -31.2131), m2 (75.0000, -15.1427), m3 (81.0000, -13.6873), m4 (70.0000, -34.8032), m5 (111.0000, -29.6673), m6 (121.0000, -24.0222), m7 (105.0000, -15.8001). That is, when the antenna works in the rotation mode, the side lobe of the radiation pattern is less than -25dB, and when it works in the normal mode, the side lobe of the radiation pattern is less than -13dB, and a zero depth difference beam is generated in the side-firing direction. In both working modes, the main lobe energy of the antenna is concentrated, the anti-interference ability is strong, and the transmission distance is long.

[0076] Fig.9cThis is the return loss S11 result diagram of the above antenna working in the rotation mode, as shown in Fig.9c As shown, the four curves of different colors represent the return losses of the four feeding components. It can be seen from the figure that when the antenna works at 10GHz-14GHz, S11 is less than -10dB, indicating that there is less signal reflection and the signal transmission quality is good. Figure 9d is the axial ratio diagram of the above antenna, such as Figure 9d As shown, when the antenna works at 10GHz-14GHz, the axial ratio is less than 0.5dB. The simulation results show that the antenna has high circular polarization purity, good circular polarization performance, and good stability and reliability.

[0077] The present disclosure also provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna in the above embodiment and other circuit structures.

[0078] In some examples, the above-mentioned other circuit structures may specifically include: a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device can be used as a transmitting antenna or as a receiving antenna. Among them, the transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides a signal of at least one frequency band, such as a 2G signal, a 3G signal, a 4G signal, a 5G signal, etc., and sends a signal of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the antenna in the electronic device receives the signal, it can be processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver and then transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0079] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit, and is used to modulate the signal sent by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signal received by the antenna and transmit it to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband and then send them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, and the demodulation circuit demodulates the signal and transmits it to the receiving end.

[0080] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, and the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are connected to a filtering unit, and the filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. In the process of sending signals by the electronic device, the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the RF transceiver and then transmit it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the RF transceiver and then transmit it to the filtering unit; the filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit, and the filtering unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier and transmits them to the antenna after filtering out clutter, and the antenna radiates the signal. In the process of receiving signals by the electronic device, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit, and the filtering unit filters out clutter from the signal received by the antenna and transmits it to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, and the signal amplifier amplifies the signal received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the RF transceiver, and the RF transceiver transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0081] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.

[0082] In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, which is connected to a power amplifier to provide the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying a signal.

[0083] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising: A waveguide structure, comprising a bottom plate defining a waveguide cavity and side plates connected to edges of the bottom plate; A dielectric substrate and a radiation electrode are sequentially arranged in the waveguide cavity in a direction away from the bottom plate; There is a first gap between the dielectric substrate and the radiation electrode; at least one feed structure, the feed structure comprising a coupled coupling assembly and a feed assembly; The coupling component extends into the waveguide cavity through a first through hole penetrating the bottom plate; the feeding component is a microstrip transmission line; the feeding component is arranged on a side of the bottom plate away from the dielectric substrate, and at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the bottom plate on the dielectric substrate.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The feeding component includes a main body and a first branch portion and a second branch portion connected at both ends of the main body in an extending direction, wherein the first branch portion and the second branch portion are both in a different extending direction from the main body; and the first branch portion is connected to the coupling component.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein: There are multiple feeding components; the second branch portion in each feeding component is farther away from the center of the bottom plate than the first branch portion.

4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The feeding assembly comprises a first extension portion and a second extension portion which are arranged crosswise; the first extension portion is connected to the coupling assembly; and the midpoint of the first extension portion in its extension direction coincides with the midpoint of the second extension portion in its extension direction.

5. The antenna according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: The number of the feeding components is four; taking the center of the bottom plate as the rotation center, any two adjacent feeding components are rotationally symmetrical.

6. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The orthographic projection of the feeding component on the substrate is a circle.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna also includes a retaining wall group arranged on the side of the bottom plate close to the dielectric substrate; the retaining wall group includes a plurality of coaxially arranged retaining walls; the distance between the one of the plurality of retaining walls closest to the center of the bottom plate and the center of the bottom plate is greater than the distance between the coupling component and the center of the bottom plate.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein: The distances between any two adjacent retaining walls are equal.

9. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The radiation electrode includes a plurality of slot pairs; the slot pairs are arranged to form a plurality of nested groups, the slot pairs in each group are arranged in sequence and spaced apart, and the connecting lines of the centers of the slot pairs in each group form a circle; the centers of the circles formed by the slot pairs in each group are the same and form concentric circles; the centers of the concentric circles are the same as the center of the radiation electrode.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, wherein: The slot pair comprises a first slot and a second slot having different extension directions, and the center of the slot pair is the intersection of the extension direction of the first slot and the extension direction of the second slot; The angle between the line connecting the center of the first slit and the center of the concentric circle and the extension direction of the first slit is equal to the angle between the line connecting the center of the second slit and the center of the circle and the extension direction of the second slit, and the angle is θ1; the angle between the line connecting the center of the first slit and the center of the concentric circle and the line connecting the center of the second slit and the center of the circle is β1; the length of the first slit and the length of the second slit are both L; the extension direction of the first slit is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second slit, and the vertical distance between the first slit and the second slit is δ; the distance between the center of the first slit and the center of the concentric circle is ρ1, and the distance between the center of the second slit and the center of the concentric circle is ρ2; the above parameters satisfy: ρ2sinθ1ρ1cosθ=L+δ k = 2π / λg; Among them, H1 (1) is the first kind of Hankel function, H1 (2) is the second kind of Hankel function, and λg is the waveguide wavelength.

11. The antenna according to claim 10, wherein: The difference between the radii of the two circles formed by two adjacent groups of the slot pairs is d, and d is less than λ0; λ0 is the wavelength of air.

12. The antenna according to claim 10, wherein: The antenna also includes a plurality of radiation probes extending through the first slot and the second slot.

13. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna further comprises an auxiliary electrode arranged between the radiation electrode and the bottom plate; the radiation electrode, the auxiliary electrode and the waveguide structure constitute a double-layer radial line waveguide structure.

14. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna further includes a first supporting layer arranged between the radiation electrode and the first gap, and a second supporting layer arranged on a side of the radiation electrode away from the dielectric substrate.

15. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The distance between the radiation electrode and the bottom plate is H, which is less than λg / 2; λg is the waveguide wavelength.

16. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The antenna further includes a plurality of screws; the screws sequentially penetrate the dielectric substrate and the bottom plate and fix the two relatively; and the nuts of the screws define the first gap.

17. An electronic device comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

Images