Electrolyte, battery and electric device

Abstract

The present application provides an electrolyte, a battery and a power utilization device, the electrolyte comprises a solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the solvent, the solvent comprises a first solvent, the first solvent comprises an ether solvent, and in the molecular structure of the ether solvent, the molecular weight of the ether solvent is greater than that of the electrolyte salt. And the alpha-carbon atoms E directly connected with the oxygen atoms on the ether oxygen bond functional groups do not have hydrogen atoms directly connected with the alpha-carbon atoms.

Description

Electrolyte, battery and electrical device Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to an electrolyte, a battery and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, batteries have been widely used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, as well as in multiple fields such as power tools, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, military equipment, aerospace, etc. With the application and promotion of batteries, the energy density of traditional batteries with carbon-based materials as negative electrodes can no longer meet the demand, so there is a need for battery systems with higher energy density. Batteries with materials such as lithium metal as negative electrodes have high energy density, but the cycle life of the battery is short. The above statements are only used to provide background technical information related to this application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides an electrolyte, a battery, and an electrical device, which can effectively improve the cycle life of the battery, especially the cycle life of the battery under high voltage.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides an electrolyte solution comprising a solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the solvent, wherein the solvent comprises a first solvent, the first solvent comprises an ether solvent, and in the molecular structure of the ether solvent, none of the α-carbon atoms directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group has a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom.

[0006] The first solvent includes an ether solvent, and in the molecular structure of the ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the ether solvent and reducing the generation of free radicals after oxidation and dehydrogenation of the α-carbon atom. In addition, the first solvent includes an ether solvent, and in the molecular structure of the ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, thereby the group connected to the α-carbon atom can also play a role in reducing the solvation energy, thereby promoting the decomposition of the anion part of the electrolyte salt and participating in the formation of the solid electrolyte interface film. Therefore, the electrolyte provided by the embodiment of the present application can effectively improve the cycle life of the battery, especially the cycle life of the battery under high voltage.

[0007] In any embodiment of the present application, the ether solvent includes 1-5 ether oxygen bond functional groups.

[0008] In any embodiment of the present application, the ether solvent has a chain structure or a ring structure.

[0009] In any embodiment of the present application, the ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by Formula I and Formula II.

[0010] In Formula I, m is an integer within the range of 1-5, R1 includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, and R2 includes a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group. one or more of C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl; R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of halogen atoms, C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl.

[0011] L1 independently includes a single bond, a group as shown in 1a or 1b, # indicates the connection position, wherein R7, R8, R9, R 10 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and C6-C10 haloarylene, and when L1 is a single bond, R2 is not a hydrogen atom.

[0012] In formula II, n is an integer between 1 and 5, and R 12 、R 13Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group.

[0013] L2 each independently includes a single bond, a group such as 2a or 2b, # represents the connection position, wherein R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and C6-C10 haloarylene.

[0014] In any embodiment of the present application, the ether solvent includes a first ether solvent, and the first ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by Formula I and Formula II. In Formula I, R1 includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl; R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl; R7, R8, R9, and R 10 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, and when L1 is a single bond, R2 is not a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. In Formula II, R 12 、R13 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl.

[0015] In the molecular structure of the first ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group (-O-) does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, nor does it have a halogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom. This can improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte while improving the solubility and dissociation degree of the electrolyte salt in the electrolyte, and improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, thereby effectively improving the cycle life of the battery.

[0016] In any embodiment of the present application, the first ether solvent satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (11):

[0017] (1) R1 includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, and halomethylphenyl. Optionally, R1 includes C1-C3 alkyl;

[0018] (2) R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Alternatively, R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom and a C1-C3 alkyl group;

[0019] (3) R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, and halomethylphenyl. Optionally, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include C1-C3 alkyl;

[0020] (4) R7, R8, R9, R 10 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, halomethylphenyl, optionally, R7, R8, R9, R 10 Each independently includes a C1-C3 alkyl group;

[0021] (5)R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, optionally, R 11 Each independently includes C1-C3 alkylene;

[0022] (6)R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, halomethylphenyl, optionally, R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes a C1-C3 alkyl group;

[0023] (7)R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, halomethylphenyl, optionally, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes a C1-C3 alkyl group;

[0024] (8)R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, optionally, R 18 Each independently includes C1-C3 alkylene;

[0025] (9) m is 1, 2 or 3, optionally, m is 1 or 2;

[0026] (10) n is 1, 2 or 3, optionally, n is 1 or 2;

[0027] (11) The first ether solvent does not contain halogen atoms.

[0028] In any embodiment of the present application, the ether solvent includes a second ether solvent, and the second ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by Formula I and Formula II. In Formula I, R1, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R 10 At least one of them is a fluorine atom. In Formula II, R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 At least one of them is a fluorine atom.

[0029] In the molecular structure of the second ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group (-O-) does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, but has at least one fluorine atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, thereby reducing the viscosity of the electrolyte and promoting the formation of a fluorine-rich solid electrolyte interface film, thereby helping the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0030] In any embodiment of the present application, the second ether solvent satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (13):

[0031] (1) R1 includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Alternatively, R1 includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group;

[0032] (2) R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Alternatively, R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group;

[0033] (3) R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Alternatively, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group;

[0034] (4) R7, R8, R9, R 10Each independently comprises one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Optionally, R7, R8, R9, R 10 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group;

[0035] (5)R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, optionally, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene and C1-C3 haloalkylene;

[0036] (6)R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Optionally, R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group;

[0037] (7)R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Optionally, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group;

[0038] (8)R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, optionally, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene and C1-C3 haloalkylene;

[0039] (9)R1, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R 10 All are fluorine atoms;

[0040] (10)R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 All are fluorine atoms;

[0041] (11) m is 1, 2 or 3, optionally, m is 1 or 2;

[0042] (12) n is 1, 2 or 3, optionally, n is 1 or 2;

[0043] (13) The second ether solvent is a perfluoroether structure.

[0044] In any embodiment of the present application, the ether solvent includes the first ether solvent and the second ether solvent.

[0045] In the molecular structure of the first ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group (-O-) does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, nor does it have a halogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom. In the molecular structure of the second ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group (-O-) does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, but has at least one fluorine atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom. The first ether solvent helps to improve the solubility and dissociation degree of the electrolyte salt in the electrolyte, and the second ether solvent helps to reduce the viscosity of the electrolyte, thereby further improving the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and promoting the formation of a fluorine-rich solid electrolyte interface film, thereby enabling the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0046] In any embodiment of the present application, the ether solvent includes the first ether solvent and the second ether solvent, the mass of the first ether solvent is denoted as a, and the mass of the second ether solvent is denoted as b, then 0.1:1≤a:b≤10:1, optionally, 0.3:1≤a:b≤3:1, and further optionally, 0.5:1≤a:b≤1.5:1. By adjusting the mass ratio of the first ether solvent to the second ether solvent within the above range, the electrolyte can have both good ionic conductivity and low viscosity, thereby enabling the battery to have a longer cycle life and higher high-voltage stability.

[0047] In any embodiment of the present application, the first ether solvent includes one or more of the following compounds:

[0048] In any embodiment of the present application, the first ether solvent optionally includes one or more of A-1, A-4, and A-7. These first ether solvents have a relatively short branched structure and do not contain halogen atoms. This allows the first ether solvent to maintain good solubility and dissociation capabilities for the electrolyte salt without undergoing oxidative decomposition, thereby effectively improving the cycle life of the battery.

[0049] In any embodiment of the present application, the second ether solvent includes one or more of the following compounds:

[0050] In any embodiment of the present application, the second ether solvent optionally includes one or more of B-3, B-8, and B-13. These second ether solvents have shorter branched structures and thus have lower viscosity, which can improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte while further reducing the viscosity of the electrolyte, thereby helping the battery have a longer cycle life.

[0051] In any embodiment of the present application, the mass percentage of the first solvent is recorded as W1, and based on the total mass of the solvent, 70%≤W1≤100%, optionally, 85%≤W1≤100%.

[0052] In any embodiment of the present application, W1 is 100%.

[0053] The content of the first solvent is within the above range, which can promote the dissolution of the electrolyte salt and make the electrolyte have suitable ionic conductivity. At the same time, it can also make the electrolyte have good stability to the positive and negative electrodes, improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte, and reduce the generation of free radicals, thereby effectively improving the cycle life of the battery, especially the cycle life of the battery under high voltage.

[0054] In any embodiment of the present application, the solvent further includes a second solvent, and the second solvent includes one or more of esters and halogenated ester solvents, sulfone solvents, nitrile solvents, ethers and fluoroether solvents, hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; optionally, the second solvent includes ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, methyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, ethyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, di(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, Methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, propyl butyl ether, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, dimethoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3- Tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ethyl ether, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl trifluoromethyl ether, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl ether, heptafluoropropyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, difluoromethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, ethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, One or more of 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, bis(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ethyl methyl sulfone, tetramethylene sulfoxide, ethyl methyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfoxide, methyl phenyl sulfone, methyl phenyl sulfoxide, ethyl phenyl sulfone, ethyl phenyl sulfoxide, vinyl phenyl sulfone, vinyl phenyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, succinonitrile, 2-butenenitrile, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, fluorobenzene, p-difluorobenzene, m-difluorobenzene, o-difluorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, decafluoropentane, and perfluoropentanone.

[0055] In any embodiment of the present application, the mass percentage of the second solvent is recorded as W2, based on the total mass of the solvent, then 0<W2≤30%, optionally, 0<W2≤15%.

[0056] When the content of the second solvent is within the above range, the viscosity of the electrolyte can be reduced and / or the ion conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved.

[0057] In any embodiment of the present application, the electrolyte further includes an additive, and the additive includes one or more of propane sultone, vinyl sulfate, vinyl sulfite, tris(trimethylsilane) phosphate, tris(trimethylsilane) phosphite, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphate, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphite, tris(trimethylsilane) borate, dimethylmaleic anhydride, and 1,4-diisocyanate.

[0058] In any embodiment of the present application, the electrolyte salt includes a first metal cation and a first anion.

[0059] In any embodiment of the present application, the first metal cation includes one or more of alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions, and can optionally include one or more of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions.

[0060] In any embodiment of the present application, the first anion comprises a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion (FSI - ), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI - ), dioxalatoborate anion (BOB - ), difluorooxalatoborate anion (DFOB - ), difluorobis(oxaloyl)phosphate anion (DFOP - ), tetrafluorooxalophosphate anion (TFOP - ), difluorophosphate anion (PO2F2 - ), hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6 - ), tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4 - ), hexafluoroarsenate anion (AsF6 - ), trifluoromethanesulfonate anion (CF3SO3 - )

[0061] In any embodiment of the present application, the first anion comprises a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion (FSI - ), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI - ), dioxalatoborate anion (BOB - ), difluorooxalatoborate anion (DFOB - ), difluorobis(oxaloyl)phosphate anion (DFOP - ), tetrafluorooxalophosphate anion (TFOP -). These first anions can decompose on the negative electrode surface to form an inorganic solid electrolyte interface film rich in inorganic fluorine components, promoting dense metal deposition, thereby helping the battery to have a longer cycle life. At the same time, these first anions can also make the inorganic solid electrolyte interface film have high oxidative stability, which can support the battery's cycling under high voltage.

[0062] In any embodiment of the present application, the concentration of the electrolyte salt is 0.5-4 mol / L, and can be optionally 1.5-2.5 mol / L. By adjusting the concentration of the electrolyte salt within the above range, the ion transport performance of the electrolyte is not affected, and the stability of the electrolyte to the positive and negative electrodes is not affected, thereby helping the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0063] A second aspect of the present application provides a battery, comprising a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and the electrolyte of the first aspect of the present application.

[0064] In any embodiment of the present application, the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector and a first metal layer arranged on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the metal elements in the first metal layer include one or more of alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, zinc, and aluminum.

[0065] In any embodiment of the present application, the metal material in the first metal layer includes one or more of lithium element, lithium alloy, sodium element, sodium alloy, potassium element, potassium alloy, magnesium element, magnesium alloy, zinc element, zinc alloy, aluminum element, and aluminum alloy.

[0066] In any embodiment of the present application, the negative electrode plate only includes a negative electrode current collector.

[0067] In any embodiment of the present application, the negative electrode current collector includes a metal foil, a three-dimensional porous current collector, or a composite current collector.

[0068] A third aspect of the present application provides an electrical device comprising the battery of the second aspect of the present application.

[0069] The electric device of the present application includes the battery provided by the present application, and thus has at least the same advantages as the battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without inventive effort.

[0071] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a battery of the present application.

[0072] FIG2 is an exploded schematic diagram of an embodiment of a battery of the present application.

[0073] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a battery module of the present application.

[0074] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a battery pack of the present application.

[0075] FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of the embodiment of the battery pack shown in FIG. 4 .

[0076] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an electric device including the battery of the present application as a power source.

[0077] In the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, reference numerals are as follows: 1 battery pack, 2 upper housing, 3 lower housing, 4 battery module, 5 battery, 51 housing, 52 electrode assembly, 53 cover plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] Below, the embodiments of the electrolyte, battery, and electrical device of the present application are described in detail with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings. However, there may be cases where unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted. For example, there may be cases where detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of actually the same structures are omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. In addition, the drawings and the following description are provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0079] " range " disclosed in the present application is limited in the form of lower limit and upper limit, and given range is limited by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of special range. The scope limited in this way can be to include end value or not include end value, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can form a range with any upper limit combination. For example, if the scope of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed for specific parameters, it is understood that the scope of 60-110 and 80-120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range value 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range value 3,4 and 5 are listed, then the following range can all be expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In this application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range " ab " represents the abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, wherein a and b are all real numbers. For example, a numerical range of "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed herein, and "0-5" is simply an abbreviation for these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, this is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0080] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions, and such technical solutions should be considered to be included in the disclosure of the present application.

[0081] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions, and such technical solutions should be deemed to be included in the disclosure of this application.

[0082] Unless otherwise specified, all steps of the present application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may further include step (c), indicating that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0083] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "include" and "comprising" used in this application may be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, "include" and "comprising" may mean that other components not listed may also be included or that only the listed components are included.

[0084] Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" is used in this application to be inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B." More specifically, the condition "A or B" is satisfied if any of the following conditions are met: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0085] Unless otherwise specified, in this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order or a primary-secondary relationship.

[0086] Unless otherwise specified, the terms used in this application have the common meanings that are commonly understood by those skilled in the art.

[0087] Unless otherwise stated, the numerical values ​​of the parameters mentioned in this application can be measured using various test methods commonly used in the art, for example, they can be measured according to the test methods given in the examples of this application.

[0088] The term "alkyl" encompasses both straight and branched chain alkyl groups. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, and the like.

[0089] The term "cycloalkyl" refers to a closed alicyclic ring system. Examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.

[0090] The term "aryl" refers to a closed aromatic ring or ring system. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, and the like.

[0091] The term "hydrogen atom" refers to 1H (protium, H), 2H (deuterium, D), or 3H (tritium, T). In various embodiments, the "hydrogen atom" may be 1H (protium, H).

[0092] The term "halogen atom" refers to a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or the like.

[0093] The term "haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom. The number of halogen atoms in the haloalkyl group may be one or more. When the number of halogen atoms in the haloalkyl group is multiple, the multiple halogen atoms may be the same or different.

[0094] The term "halogenated cycloalkyl" refers to a cycloalkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom. The number of halogen atoms in the halocycloalkyl group may be one or more. When the number of halogen atoms in the halocycloalkyl group is multiple, the multiple halogen atoms may be the same or different.

[0095] The term "halogenated aryl" refers to an aryl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom. The number of halogen atoms in the halogenated aryl group may be one or more. When the number of halogen atoms in the halogenated aryl group is multiple, the multiple halogen atoms may be the same or different.

[0096] Throughout this specification, substituents of compounds are disclosed in groups or ranges. It is expressly intended that such descriptions include each individual subcombination of members of these groups and ranges. For example, it is expressly intended that the term "C1-C5 alkyl" individually disclose C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C1-C5, C1-C4, C1-C3, C1-C2, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C3-C5, C3-C4, C4-C5 alkyl. As another example, integers ranging from 1 to 5 are expressly intended to individually disclose 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and accordingly, other groups or ranges may be expressly intended.

[0097] The batteries provided in the embodiments of the present application include batteries using alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminum and alloys thereof as negative electrode active materials. For example, the batteries provided in the embodiments of the present application include metal batteries, metal-air batteries, metal-sulfur batteries and negative electrode-free metal batteries. As an example, the battery can be a lithium metal battery, a negative electrode-free lithium metal battery, a lithium-air battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium metal battery, a negative electrode-free sodium metal battery, a sodium-air battery, a sodium-sulfur battery, a potassium metal battery, a negative electrode-free potassium metal battery, a potassium-air battery, a potassium-sulfur battery, a magnesium metal battery, a negative electrode-free magnesium metal battery, a magnesium-air battery, a magnesium-sulfur battery, a zinc metal battery, a negative electrode-free zinc metal battery, a zinc-air battery, a zinc-sulfur battery, an aluminum metal battery, a negative electrode-free aluminum metal battery, an aluminum-air battery, an aluminum-sulfur battery, etc. The embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0098] Batteries using alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminum, and their alloys as negative electrode active materials have attracted widespread attention due to their high energy density. However, large-scale application of these batteries faces numerous challenges. For example, problems such as uneven metal deposition at the negative electrode, poor negative electrode-electrolyte interface stability, and the susceptibility of negative electrode dendrite growth lead to low coulombic efficiency and insufficient cycle life.

[0099] In order to improve the coulombic efficiency and cycle life of batteries, the current strategy is mainly to improve the composition of the electrolyte. Researchers have found that when ether solvents such as diethyl ether and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether are used as the main solvent in the electrolyte, the growth of dendrites can be alleviated, and the coulombic efficiency and cycle life of the battery can be improved. However, the inventors found in further research that the oxidation resistance of the above-mentioned ether solvents is lower than that of ester solvents. After long-term circulation, the ether solvents will oxidize and decompose, and even cause battery failure, resulting in limited effect on improving the battery cycle life.

[0100] In view of this, the inventors further improved the electrolyte of the battery.

[0101] The electrolyte provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the solvent, the solvent includes a first solvent, the first solvent includes an ether solvent, and in the molecular structure of the ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group (-O-) does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom.

[0102] The inventors discovered in further research that the positive electrode active material is often accompanied by the release of trace amounts of oxygen or reactive oxygen species during charging, and that the transition metal on the surface of the positive electrode active material also has a catalytic effect. The core reason why conventional ether solvents cannot support a long cycle life of the battery under high voltage is that in conventional ether solvents, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group undergoes oxidative dehydrogenation to generate a large number of free radicals, as shown in the following reaction formula (using the oxidative decomposition of diethyl ether as an example). After the free radicals are generated, a chain reaction will further occur, causing a large amount of oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte, thereby destroying the structure of the positive electrode active material, increasing the battery's gas production, and thus resulting in a poor battery cycle life.

[0103] Currently, researchers are using fluoroether solvents to improve battery electrolytes. However, researchers have not paid attention to the mechanism of oxidative decomposition of ether solvents. Therefore, although fluoroether solvents have an increased oxidation potential compared to conventional ether solvents, their actual improvement in battery cycle life is limited. At the same time, fluoroether solvents cannot support long cycle life under high voltage conditions.

[0104] In the electrolyte provided by the embodiment of the present application, the first solvent includes an ether solvent, and in the molecular structure of the ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the ether solvent and reducing the generation of free radicals after oxidation and dehydrogenation of the α-carbon atom. In addition, the first solvent includes an ether solvent, and in the molecular structure of the ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, thereby the group connected to the α-carbon atom can also play a role in reducing the solvation energy, thereby promoting the decomposition of the anion part of the electrolyte salt and participating in the formation of the solid electrolyte interface film. Therefore, the electrolyte provided by the embodiment of the present application can effectively improve the cycle life of the battery, especially the cycle life of the battery under high voltage.

[0105] In some embodiments, the ether solvent comprises 1-5 ether oxygen bond functional groups.

[0106] In some embodiments, the ether solvent has a chain structure or a ring structure.

[0107] In some embodiments, the ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by Formula I and Formula II.

[0108] In Formula I, m is an integer between 1 and 5. When m is an integer between 2 and 5, the groups in the m brackets may be the same or different. For example, when m is 2, -OC(R5)(R6)-L1- near R1 is recorded as the first group, and -OC(R5)(R6)-L1- near R2 is recorded as the second group. R5 in the first group may be the same as or different from R5 in the second group; R6 in the first group may be the same as or different from R6 in the second group; L1 in the first group may be the same as or different from L1 in the second group; or, the first group (or the second group) has L1, while the second group (or the first group) does not have L1.

[0109] R1 includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group.

[0110] Optionally, R1 includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further optionally, R1 includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group. This can reduce the steric hindrance of the ether solvent and reduce the adverse effect of excessive steric hindrance on the binding of oxygen atoms to active ions, thereby helping the electrolyte to have a higher ionic conductivity and helping the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0111] R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group.

[0112] Alternatively, R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further optionally, R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group. This can reduce the steric hindrance of the ether solvent and reduce the adverse effect of excessive steric hindrance on the binding of oxygen atoms to active ions, thereby contributing to the electrolyte having a higher ionic conductivity and the battery having a longer cycle life.

[0113] R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group.

[0114] Alternatively, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further optionally, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group. This can reduce the steric hindrance of the ether solvent, reduce the adverse effect of excessive steric hindrance on the combination of oxygen atoms and active ions, thereby helping the electrolyte to have a higher ionic conductivity and helping the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0115] L1 independently includes a single bond, a group such as 1a or 1b, and # indicates the connection position. When L1 represents a single bond, it means that the carbon atom adjacent to L1 is directly connected to the oxygen atom in -OC(R5)(R6)-L1- or R2.

[0116] R7, R8, R9, R 10 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group.

[0117] Optionally, R7, R8, R9, R 10Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. 10 Each independently comprises one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group. This can reduce the steric hindrance of the ether solvent and reduce the adverse effect of excessive steric hindrance on the binding of oxygen atoms and active ions, thereby helping the electrolyte to have higher ionic conductivity and helping the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0118] R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and C6-C10 haloarylene. 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene. Further optionally, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene and C1-C3 haloalkylene.

[0119] When L1 is a single bond, R2 is not a hydrogen atom.

[0120] In Formula II, n is an integer between 1 and 5. When n is an integer between 2 and 5, the groups in the n brackets may be the same or different. For example, when n is 2, one of the -OC(R 12 )(R 13 )-L2- is recorded as the first group, and the other -OC(R 12 )(R 13 )-L2- is recorded as the second group. R in the first group 12 With R in the second group 12 Can be the same or different; R in the first group 13 With R in the second group 13 They may be the same or different; L2 in the first group and L2 in the second group may be the same or different; or, the first group has L2, while the second group does not have L2.

[0121] R 12 、R 13Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group.

[0122] Optionally, R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further optionally, R 12 、R 13 Each independently comprises one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group. This can reduce the steric hindrance of the ether solvent and reduce the adverse effect of excessive steric hindrance on the binding of oxygen atoms and active ions, thereby helping the electrolyte to have higher ionic conductivity and helping the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0123] L2 each independently comprises a single bond, a group such as 2a or 2b, and # represents the connection position. When L2 represents a single bond, it means that the carbon atom adjacent to L2 is directly connected to the oxygen atom.

[0124] R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group.

[0125] Optionally, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further optionally, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17Each independently comprises one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group. This can reduce the steric hindrance of the ether solvent and reduce the adverse effect of excessive steric hindrance on the binding of oxygen atoms and active ions, thereby helping the electrolyte to have higher ionic conductivity and helping the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0126] R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and C6-C10 haloarylene. 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene. Further optionally, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene and C1-C3 haloalkylene.

[0127] In some embodiments, the ether solvent may include a first ether solvent, and the first ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by Formula I and Formula II.

[0128] In formula I, m is an integer within the range of 1-5, R1 includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, and R2 includes a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7- One or more of C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, C7-C10 haloalkylaryl; R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl; L1 each independently includes a single bond, a group as shown in 1a or 1b, # indicates a connection position, wherein R7, R8, R9, R 10Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and C6-C10 haloarylene, and when L1 is a single bond, R2 is not a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.

[0129] Optionally, m is 1, 2 or 3. Further optionally, m is 1 or 2.

[0130] Alternatively, R1 includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, and halomethylphenyl. Further alternatively, R1 includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl and C1-C3 haloalkyl. Still further alternatively, R1 includes C1-C3 alkyl.

[0131] Alternatively, R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further alternatively, R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group. Still further alternatively, R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom and a C1-C3 alkyl group.

[0132] Alternatively, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further alternatively, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of a C1-C3 alkyl group and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group. Still further alternatively, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include a C1-C3 alkyl group.

[0133] Optionally, R7, R8, R9, R 10Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, and halomethylphenyl. Further optionally, R7, R8, R9, R 10 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl. Further optionally, R7, R8, R9, R 10 Each independently includes a C1-C3 alkyl group.

[0134] Optionally, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene. Further optionally, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene, C1-C3 haloalkylene. Further optionally, R 11 Each independently includes C1-C3 alkylene.

[0135] In formula II, n is an integer between 1 and 5, and R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, L2 each independently includes a single bond, a group as shown in 2a or 2b, # indicates a connection position, wherein R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and C6-C10 haloarylene.

[0136] Optionally, n is 1, 2 or 3. Further optionally, n is 1 or 2.

[0137] Optionally, R 12 、R 13Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, and halomethylphenyl. Further optionally, R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl. Further optionally, R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes a C1-C3 alkyl group.

[0138] Optionally, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, and halomethylphenyl. Further optionally, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl. Further optionally, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes a C1-C3 alkyl group.

[0139] Optionally, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene. Further optionally, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene, C1-C3 haloalkylene. Further optionally, R 18 Each independently includes C1-C3 alkylene.

[0140] In the molecular structure of the first ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group (-O-) does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, nor does it have a halogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom. This can improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte while improving the solubility and dissociation degree of the electrolyte salt in the electrolyte, and improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, thereby effectively improving the cycle life of the battery.

[0141] In some embodiments, the halogen atoms in the aforementioned halogenated groups (e.g., haloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, and haloaryl) may be fluorine atoms. This is because fluorine atoms significantly improve the oxidation resistance of the first ether solvent and can form a fluorine-rich solid electrolyte interface film, thereby promoting dense metal deposition.

[0142] In some embodiments, the first ether solvent may not contain halogen atoms. 18 It is neither a halogen atom nor a halogenated group.

[0143] In some embodiments, the first ether solvent comprises one or more of the following compounds:

[0144] Optionally, the first ether solvent includes one or more of A-1, A-4, and A-7. These first ether solvents have short side chains and do not contain halogen atoms. These first ether solvents can maintain good solubility and dissociation capabilities for electrolyte salts without undergoing oxidative decomposition, thereby effectively improving the cycle life of the battery.

[0145] In some embodiments, the ether solvent may include a second ether solvent, and the second ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by Formula I and Formula II.

[0146] In Formula I, m is an integer between 1 and 5, R1 includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, and R2 includes a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group. One or more of C10 aryl, C6-C10 halogenated aryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 halogenated arylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, C7-C10 halogenated alkylaryl; R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of halogen atoms, C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 halogenated alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halogenated cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 halogenated aryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 halogenated arylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 halogenated alkylaryl; L1 each independently includes a single bond or a group as shown in 1a or 1b; # indicates a connection position; wherein R7, R8, R9, and R 10Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, C6-C10 haloarylene, when L1 is a single bond, R2 is not a hydrogen atom, and R1, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R 10 At least one of them is a fluorine atom.

[0147] Optionally, m is 1, 2 or 3. Further optionally, m is 1 or 2.

[0148] Alternatively, R1 includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further optionally, R1 includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group.

[0149] Alternatively, R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further optionally, R2 includes one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group.

[0150] Alternatively, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further alternatively, R3, R4, R5, and R6 each independently include one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group.

[0151] Optionally, R7, R8, R9, R 10 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group.10 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group.

[0152] Optionally, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene. Further optionally, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene and C1-C3 haloalkylene.

[0153] Optionally, R1, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R 10 All are fluorine atoms.

[0154] In formula II, n is an integer between 1 and 5, and R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, L2 each independently includes a single bond, a group as shown in 2a or 2b, # indicates a connection position, wherein R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, C6-C10 haloarylene, and R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 At least one of them is a fluorine atom.

[0155] Optionally, n is 1, 2 or 3. Further optionally, n is 1 or 2.

[0156] Optionally, R 12 、R 13Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further optionally, R 12 、R 13 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group.

[0157] Optionally, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Further optionally, R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group.

[0158] Optionally, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene. Further optionally, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene and C1-C3 haloalkylene.

[0159] Optionally, R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 、R 17 All are fluorine atoms.

[0160] In the molecular structure of the second ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group (-O-) does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, but has at least one fluorine atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, thereby reducing the viscosity of the electrolyte and promoting the formation of a fluorine-rich solid electrolyte interface film, thereby helping the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0161] In some embodiments, the halogen atom in the aforementioned halogenated group (e.g., a haloalkyl group, a halocycloalkyl group, or a haloaryl group) may be a fluorine atom. This is because fluorine atoms significantly improve the oxidation resistance of the second ether solvent and can form a fluorine-rich solid electrolyte interface film, thereby promoting dense metal deposition.

[0162] In some embodiments, the second ether solvent may be a perfluoroether structure.

[0163] In some embodiments, the second ether solvent may include one or more of the following compounds:

[0164] In some embodiments, the second ether solvent optionally includes one or more of B-3, B-8, and B-13. These second ether solvents have shorter side chains and thus have lower viscosity, which can improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte while further reducing the viscosity of the electrolyte, thereby helping the battery have a longer cycle life.

[0165] In some embodiments, the ether solvent may include both the first ether solvent and the second ether solvent.

[0166] In the molecular structure of the first ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group (-O-) does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, nor does it have a halogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom. In the molecular structure of the second ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group (-O-) does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom, but has at least one fluorine atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom. The first ether solvent helps to improve the solubility and dissociation degree of the electrolyte salt in the electrolyte, and the second ether solvent helps to reduce the viscosity of the electrolyte, thereby further improving the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and promoting the formation of a fluorine-rich solid electrolyte interface film, thereby enabling the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0167] In some embodiments, the ether solvent may include the above-mentioned first ether solvent and the second ether solvent at the same time, the mass of the first ether solvent is recorded as a, and the mass of the second ether solvent is recorded as b, then 0.1:1≤a:b≤10:1, optionally, 0.3:1≤a:b≤3:1, further optionally, 0.5:1≤a:b≤1.5:1. By adjusting the mass ratio of the first ether solvent and the second ether solvent within the above range, the electrolyte can have good ionic conductivity and low viscosity at the same time, thereby enabling the battery to have a longer cycle life and higher high-voltage stability. As an example, a:b can be 0.1:1, 0.3:1, 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, or a range consisting of any of the above values.

[0168] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the first solvent is recorded as W1, and based on the total mass of the solvent, 70%≤W1≤100%, optionally, 75%≤W1≤100%, 80%≤W1≤100%, 85%≤W1≤100%, and 90%≤W1≤100%. The content of the first solvent within the above range can promote the dissolution of the electrolyte salt, and can also make the electrolyte have suitable ionic conductivity. At the same time, it can also make the electrolyte have good stability to the positive and negative electrodes, improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte, and reduce the generation of free radicals, thereby effectively improving the cycle life of the battery, especially the cycle life of the battery under high voltage.

[0169] In some embodiments, W1 may be 100%.

[0170] In some embodiments, the solvent may further include a second solvent.

[0171] The second solvent may include one or more of ester and halogenated ester solvents, sulfone solvents, nitrile solvents, ether and fluoroether solvents, hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents.

[0172] As an example, the second solvent may include ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, methyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, ethyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, Methyl propyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, propyl butyl ether, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, dimethoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethane) fluoroethyl) ether, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ethyl ether, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl trifluoromethyl ether, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl ether, heptafluoropropyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, difluoromethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, ethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, bis(1 , 2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ethyl methyl sulfone, tetramethylene sulfoxide, ethyl methyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfoxide, methyl phenyl sulfone, methyl phenyl sulfoxide, ethyl phenyl sulfone, ethyl phenyl sulfoxide, vinyl phenyl sulfone, vinyl phenyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, succinonitrile, 2-butenenitrile, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, fluorobenzene, p-difluorobenzene, m-difluorobenzene, o-difluorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, decafluoropentane, and perfluoropentanone.

[0173] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the second solvent is recorded as W2, and based on the total mass of the solvent, 0 < W2 ≤ 30%, optionally 0 < W2 ≤ 25%, 0 < W2 ≤ 20%, 0 < W2 ≤ 15%, 0 < W2 ≤ 10%. When the content of the second solvent is within the above range, the viscosity of the electrolyte can be reduced and / or the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved. In addition, the content of the second solvent should not be too high. If its content is too high, the oxidation resistance of the first solvent cannot be fully exerted.

[0174] In some embodiments, the electrolyte may further include an additive. The present application does not particularly limit the type of additive, as long as it does not undermine the purpose of the present application. As an example, the additive may include propane sultone, vinyl sulfate, vinyl sulfite, tris(trimethylsilane) phosphate, tris(trimethylsilane) phosphite, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphate, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphite, tris(trimethylsilane) borate, dimethyl maleic anhydride, and one or more of 1,4-diisocyanate.

[0175] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt includes a first metal cation and a first anion.

[0176] In some embodiments, the first metal cation may include one or more of alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions, and may optionally include one or more of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions.

[0177] In some embodiments, the first anion may include a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion (FSI - ), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI - ), dioxalatoborate anion (BOB - ), difluorooxalatoborate anion (DFOB - ), difluorobis(oxaloyl)phosphate anion (DFOP - ), tetrafluorooxalophosphate anion (TFOP - ), difluorophosphate anion (PO2F2 - ), hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6 - ), tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4 - ), hexafluoroarsenate anion (AsF6 - ), trifluoromethanesulfonate anion (CF3SO3 - )

[0178] In some embodiments, the first anion may optionally include a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion (FSI - ), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI - ), dioxalatoborate anion (BOB - ), difluorooxalatoborate anion (DFOB - ), difluorobis(oxaloyl)phosphate anion (DFOP - ), tetrafluorooxalophosphate anion (TFOP -). These first anions can decompose on the negative electrode surface to form an inorganic solid electrolyte interface film rich in inorganic fluorine components, promoting dense metal deposition, thereby helping the battery to have a longer cycle life. At the same time, these first anions can also make the inorganic solid electrolyte interface film have high oxidative stability, which can support the battery's cycling under high voltage.

[0179] In some embodiments, the concentration of the electrolyte salt may be 0.5-4 mol / L, optionally 1-3 mol / L or 1.5-2.5 mol / L. By adjusting the concentration of the electrolyte salt within the above range, the ion transport performance of the electrolyte and the stability of the electrolyte to the positive and negative electrodes will not be affected, thereby helping the battery to have a longer cycle life.

[0180] Battery

[0181] The present invention also provides a battery comprising the electrolyte. The battery provided in the present invention can have a longer cycle life, and in particular, the battery provided in the present invention can also have a longer cycle life under high voltage.

[0182] The battery also includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet. The specific structure and composition of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet can be selected according to the type of battery, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0183] In some embodiments, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, wherein the positive electrode film layer includes a positive electrode active material. For example, the positive electrode current collector has two opposing surfaces in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode film layer is disposed on either or both of the two opposing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.

[0184] The type of positive electrode active material can be selected according to the type of battery, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0185] For example, when the battery is a lithium metal battery or a negative electrode-free lithium metal battery, the positive electrode active material may include, but is not limited to, one or more of lithium transition metal oxides, lithium-containing phosphates, and their respective modified compounds. Examples of lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, one or more of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and their respective modified compounds. Examples of lithium-containing phosphates may include, but are not limited to, one or more of lithium iron phosphate, a composite material of lithium iron phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese phosphate, a composite material of lithium manganese phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese iron phosphate, a composite material of lithium manganese iron phosphate and carbon, and their respective modified compounds. In some embodiments, in order to further improve the energy density of the battery, the positive electrode active material may include a general formula of Lia Ni b Co c M d O e A f One or more lithium transition metal oxides and modified compounds thereof. 0.8≤a≤1.2, 0.5≤b<1, 0<c<1, 0<d<1, 1≤e≤2, 0≤f≤1, M includes one or more of Mn, Al, Zr, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mg, Fe, V, Ti and B, and A includes one or more of N, F, S and Cl.

[0186] As an example, the positive electrode active material may include LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, LiNi 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2 (abbreviated as NCM333), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O2 (abbreviated as NCM523), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 O2 (abbreviated as NCM211), LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O2 (abbreviated as NCM622), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O2 (abbreviated as NCM811), LiNi 0.96 Co 0.02 Mn 0.02 O2 (abbreviated as Ni96), LiNi 0.85 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 One or more of O2, LiFePO4, LiMnPO4.

[0187] When the battery is a sodium metal battery or a sodium metal battery without a negative electrode, the positive electrode active material may include but is not limited to one or more of sodium-containing transition metal oxides, polyanion materials (such as phosphates, fluorophosphates, pyrophosphates, sulfates, etc.), and Prussian blue materials. As an example, the positive electrode active material may include NaFeO2, NaCoO2, NaCrO2, NaMnO2, NaNiO2, NaNi 1 / 2 Ti 1 / 2 O2、NaNi 1 / 2 Mn 1 / 2 O2、Na 2 / 3 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 2 / 3 O2、NaNi1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2, NaFePO4, NaMnPO4, NaCoPO4, Prussian blue materials, general formula X p M' q (PO4) r O x Y 3-x One or more materials. p M' q (PO4) r O x Y 3-x , 0<p≤4, 0<q≤2, 1≤r≤3, 0≤x≤2, X includes H + 、Li + 、Na + , K + and NH4 + One or more of, M' comprises a transition metal, optionally comprising one or more of V, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, and Y comprises a halogen atom, optionally comprising one or more of F, Cl and Br.

[0188] The modified compounds of the above-mentioned positive electrode active materials may be used to perform doping modification and / or surface coating modification on the positive electrode active materials.

[0189] When the battery is a lithium-sulfur battery or a sodium-sulfur battery, the positive electrode active material may include, but is not limited to, one or more of elemental sulfur, sulfur-carbon composite materials, sulfur-conductive polymer composite materials, and sulfur-metal oxide composite materials.

[0190] In some embodiments, the positive electrode film layer may further include a positive electrode conductive agent. The present application does not particularly limit the type of the positive electrode conductive agent. For example, the positive electrode conductive agent may include one or more of superconducting carbon, conductive graphite, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.

[0191] In some embodiments, the positive electrode film layer may further optionally include a positive electrode binder. This application does not particularly limit the type of positive electrode binder. As an example, the positive electrode binder may include one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and fluorine-containing acrylic resin.

[0192] In some embodiments, the positive electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector. As an example of a metal foil, aluminum foil may be used. The composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal material layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base layer. As an example, the metal material may include one or more of aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy. As an example, the polymer material base layer may include one or more of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE).

[0193] The positive electrode film layer can be formed by coating a positive electrode slurry onto a positive electrode current collector, drying it, and cold pressing it. The positive electrode slurry is typically formed by dispersing the positive electrode active material, an optional conductive agent, an optional binder, and any other components in a solvent and stirring them uniformly. The solvent can be, but is not limited to, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).

[0194] In some embodiments, the negative electrode plate may include a negative electrode current collector and a first metal layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector. The metal element in the first metal layer includes one or more of an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, zinc, and aluminum. Alternatively, the metal material in the first metal layer includes one or more of lithium, a lithium alloy, sodium, a sodium alloy, potassium, a potassium alloy, magnesium, a magnesium alloy, zinc, a zinc alloy, aluminum, and an aluminum alloy.

[0195] A lithium alloy may be an alloy of metallic lithium and other metallic elements or non-metallic elements. For example, the other metallic elements in the lithium alloy may include one or more of tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum, and the non-metallic elements in the lithium alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0196] The sodium alloy may be an alloy of metallic sodium and other metallic elements or non-metallic elements. For example, the other metallic elements in the sodium alloy may include one or more of tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum, and the non-metallic elements in the sodium alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0197] A magnesium alloy may be an alloy of magnesium with other metal elements or non-metal elements. For example, the other metal elements in the magnesium alloy may include one or more of tin, zinc, aluminum, sodium, lithium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum. The non-metal elements in the magnesium alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0198] A zinc alloy may be an alloy of metallic zinc and other metallic elements or non-metallic elements. For example, the other metallic elements in the zinc alloy may include one or more of tin, lithium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum, and the non-metallic elements in the zinc alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0199] An aluminum alloy may be an alloy of aluminum with other metal elements or non-metal elements. For example, the other metal elements in the aluminum alloy may include one or more of tin, zinc, lithium, sodium, magnesium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum. The non-metal elements in the aluminum alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0200] In some embodiments, the negative electrode sheet may include only the negative electrode current collector.

[0201] In some embodiments, the negative electrode current collector may include a metal foil, a three-dimensional porous current collector, or a composite current collector. As examples of metal foils, copper foil, copper alloy foil, nickel foil, and nickel alloy foil may be used. As examples of three-dimensional porous current collectors, copper mesh, nickel mesh, copper foam, and nickel foam may be used. The composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal material layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base layer. As an example, the metal material may include one or more of copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy. As an example, the polymer material base layer may include one or more of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE).

[0202] In some embodiments, the surface of the negative electrode current collector may further have a modification layer.

[0203] In some embodiments, the battery further includes a separator, which may be disposed between the positive and negative electrode sheets to primarily prevent internal short circuits. This application does not specifically limit the type of separator; any known porous membrane with good chemical and mechanical stability may be used.

[0204] In some embodiments, the material of the isolation membrane can include one or more of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyimide. The isolation membrane can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film. When the isolation membrane is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different.

[0205] In some embodiments, the positive electrode sheet, the separator, and the negative electrode sheet can be made into an electrode assembly through a winding process and / or a lamination process.

[0206] In some embodiments, the battery may include an outer packaging that can be used to encapsulate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.

[0207] In some embodiments, the outer packaging of the battery can be a hard shell, such as a hard plastic shell, an aluminum shell, a steel shell, etc. The outer packaging of the battery can also be a soft package, such as a bag-type soft package. The material of the soft package can be an aluminum-plastic film or a plastic, such as one or more of polypropylene (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polybutylene succinate (PBS).

[0208] The present application has no particular limitation on the shape of the battery, which can be cylindrical, square or any other shape. FIG1 shows a square battery 5 as an example.

[0209] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2 , the outer packaging may include a shell 51 and a cover plate 53. The shell 51 may include a bottom plate and a side plate connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plate enclose a receiving cavity. The shell 51 has an opening connected to the receiving cavity, and the cover plate 53 is used to cover the opening to close the receiving cavity. The positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet and the separator may be formed into an electrode assembly 52 through a winding process and / or a lamination process. The electrode assembly 52 is encapsulated in the receiving cavity. The electrolyte is impregnated in the electrode assembly 52. ​​The number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the battery 5 may be one or more, which can be adjusted according to demand.

[0210] Battery preparation methods are well known. In some embodiments, a positive electrode sheet, a separator, a negative electrode sheet, and an electrolyte can be assembled to form a battery. For example, the positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet can be wound and / or laminated to form an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly is then placed in an outer package, dried, and then injected with electrolyte. The battery is then packaged, allowed to stand, formed, and shaped to obtain the battery.

[0211] In some embodiments, the batteries provided in the embodiments of the present application can be assembled into a battery module. The number of batteries contained in the battery module can be multiple, and the specific number can be adjusted according to the application and capacity of the battery module.

[0212] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary battery module 4. As shown in Figure 3 , within the battery module 4, multiple batteries 5 may be arranged sequentially along the length of the module 4. Of course, any other arrangement is also possible. Furthermore, the multiple batteries 5 may be secured using fasteners.

[0213] Optionally, the battery module 4 may further include a housing having a receiving space, and the plurality of batteries 5 are received in the receiving space.

[0214] In some embodiments, the battery modules described above may also be assembled into a battery pack, and the number of battery modules contained in the battery pack may be adjusted according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.

[0215] Figures 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of an exemplary battery pack 1. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and multiple battery modules 4 disposed within the battery box. The battery box comprises an upper case 2 and a lower case 3. The upper case 2 covers the lower case 3 and forms an enclosed space for accommodating the battery modules 4. The multiple battery modules 4 can be arranged in any manner within the battery box.

[0216] Electrical devices

[0217] The embodiments of the present application also provide an electrical device, which includes one or more of the batteries, battery modules, or battery packs provided in the embodiments of the present application. The battery, battery module, or battery pack can be used as a power source for the electrical device, or as an energy storage unit for the electrical device. The electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile device (such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, etc.), an electric vehicle (such as a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric scooter, an electric golf cart, an electric truck, etc.), an electric train, a ship, a satellite, an energy storage system, etc.

[0218] The electrical device can select batteries, battery modules or battery packs according to its usage requirements.

[0219] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary electric device. This device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. To meet the high power and high energy density requirements of this device, a battery pack or battery module may be used.

[0220] As another example, the electric device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, etc. Such an electric device is usually required to be light and thin, and may use a battery as a power source.

[0221] Example

[0222] The following examples describe the present disclosure in more detail. These examples are intended to be illustrative only, as various modifications and variations within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are by mass, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing. The instruments used in the examples are commercially available.

[0223] Synthesis of the first ether solvent and the second ether solvent

[0224] The present application illustratively provides several methods for preparing the first ether solvent and the second ether solvent. Other first ether solvents and second ether solvents can be prepared with reference to this illustrative method. According to the illustrative compound preparation method, those skilled in the art can easily obtain the specific method for implementing each synthesis step from relevant scientific literature or standard textbooks in this field. Unless otherwise specified, commercially available or known compounds in the literature are used as raw materials for synthesis. Those skilled in the art of organic synthesis will recognize that the nature and order of the proposed synthesis steps can be changed for the purpose of optimizing the generation of the compounds described herein.

[0225] The processes described herein can be monitored by any suitable method known in the art. For example, product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR, e.g., 1 H or 13 C or 19 F), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), etc.

[0226] Synthesis of compound A-4

[0227] Take tert-butanol (20 g, 0.270 mol), 2,2-dimethoxypropane (14.05 g, 0.135 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH, 23.23 g, 0.135 mol) into a 250 mL single-necked bottle, dissolve in 100 mL of acetone and stir at room temperature (25°C) for 18 h. After the reaction is complete, concentrate under reduced pressure to remove acetone, and finally distill under reduced pressure to obtain 17.62 g of compound A-4 with a yield of 69.36%.

[0228] 1 H NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz), δ (ppm): 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.22 (s, 18H).

[0229] 13 C NMR (CDCl3, 100MHz), δ (ppm): 85.3, 60.5, 30.9, 29.8.

[0230] HRMS: C 11 H 24 O2,found:Exact Mass,calcd:188.1776.

[0231] Synthesis of compound A-7

[0232] 2,3-Dibromo-2,3-dimethylbutane (24.4 g, 0.10 mol) and potassium tert-butoxide (23.56 g, 0.21 mol) were added to a 250 mL single-necked bottle, dissolved in 100 mL of dichloromethane (DCM) and stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove dichloromethane, and finally distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 17.57 g of compound A-7 with a yield of 76.25%.

[0233] 1 H NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz), δ (ppm): 1.26 (s, 12H), 1.22 (s, 18H).

[0234] 13 C NMR (CDCl3, 100MHz), δ (ppm): 79.7, 64.3, 30.7, 19.8.

[0235] HRMS: C 14 H 30 O2,found:Exact Mass,calcd:230.2246.

[0236] Synthesis of compound B-3

[0237] 20 mL of dimethyl ether and 30 mL of 40% HF were added to a 100 mL autoclave. After nitrogen replacement, fluorine gas was introduced and stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 12 h until no hydrogen chemical shift was observed in the hydrogen spectrum. After completion of the reaction, the pH was adjusted to neutral with aluminum sulfate and an appropriate amount of lime. The mixture was separated and distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 95.36 g of compound B-3 with a yield of 88.21%.

[0238] 13 C NMR (CDCl3, 100MHz), δ (ppm): 102.3.

[0239] 19 F NMR (CDCl3, 100MHz), δ (ppm): -65.4.

[0240] HRMS: C2F6O, found: Exact Mass, calcd: 153.9853.

[0241] Example 1

[0242] (1) Preparation of electrolyte

[0243] A first ether solvent A-1 and a second ether solvent B-3 were thoroughly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 to form a solvent. 1.87 g of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide was added to 5 ml of the solvent and stirred thoroughly to form an electrolyte solution with a concentration of 2 mol / L.

[0244] (2) Preparation of positive electrode sheet

[0245] The positive electrode active material NCM811, the conductive agent acetylene black, and the binder PVDF were mixed in a mass ratio of 98:1:1, added to the solvent NMP and stirred until the system became uniform to obtain a positive electrode slurry with a solid content of 70%; the positive electrode slurry was evenly coated on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector aluminum foil, dried, and then transferred to an oven for further drying, and then cut into 40mm×50mm rectangles as positive electrode sheets for later use.

[0246] (3) Preparation of negative electrode sheet

[0247] A 50 μm thick lithium foil was laminated to a 12 μm thick copper foil by roller pressing, and then cut into a 41 mm × 51 mm rectangle as a negative electrode sheet for later use.

[0248] (4) Preparation of isolation membrane

[0249] The polyethylene porous film was cut into a rectangle of 45 mm × 55 mm and used as a separator for later use.

[0250] (5) Preparation of batteries

[0251] A pre-cut positive electrode sheet and two pre-cut negative electrode sheets were stacked, separated by a separator, to form an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly was placed in an aluminum-plastic film bag, and 0.3 g of the prepared electrolyte was injected. After vacuum hot-pressing and allowing to rest for at least 6 hours, a battery with a rated capacity of 140 mAh was obtained.

[0252] Example 2-39

[0253] The preparation method of the battery is similar to that of Example 1, except that the composition of the electrolyte is different, as shown in Table 1 for details.

[0254] Example 40

[0255] The preparation method of the battery is similar to that of Example 1, except that the composition of the electrolyte is different.

[0256] 1.87 g of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide was added to 5 ml of the first ether solvent A-1 and stirred thoroughly to form an electrolyte solution with a concentration of 2 mol / L.

[0257] Comparative Example 1

[0258] The preparation method of the battery is similar to that of Example 1, except that the composition of the electrolyte is different.

[0259] Take 1.87 g of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt, add it to 5 ml of ether solvent, stir thoroughly, and form an electrolyte with a concentration of 2 mol / L.

[0260] Comparative Example 2

[0261] The preparation method of the battery is similar to that of Example 1, except that the composition of the electrolyte is different.

[0262] Take 1.87 g of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt, add it to 5 ml of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether solvent, stir thoroughly, and form an electrolyte with a concentration of 2 mol / L.

[0263] Comparative Example 3

[0264] The preparation method of the battery is similar to that of Example 1, except that the composition of the electrolyte is different.

[0265] Thoroughly mix ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether in a 1:1 mass ratio to form a solvent. Add 1.87g of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide to 5ml of the solvent and stir thoroughly to form an electrolyte solution with a concentration of 2mol / L.

[0266] Test section

[0267] At 25°C, the prepared battery was charged at a constant current of 0.2C (28mA) to 4.5V. The battery was then charged at a constant voltage of 0.1C (14mA). At this point, the battery was fully charged. The charge capacity at this point was recorded as the first cycle charge capacity. After the battery rested for 5 minutes, it was discharged at a constant current of 1C (140mA) to 2.8V. This constituted one cycle of charge and discharge. The discharge capacity at this point was recorded as the first cycle discharge capacity. The battery was then subjected to cyclic charge and discharge testing according to the above method, and the discharge capacity after each cycle was recorded until the battery's discharge capacity decayed to 80% of the first cycle discharge capacity. The number of cycles at this point was used to characterize the battery's cycling performance. The higher the number of cycles, the better the cycling performance.

[0268] Table 1

[0269] Based on the test results of Examples 1-40 and Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be seen that the electrolyte provided by Examples 1-40 can effectively improve the cycle life of the battery, especially the cycle life of the battery under high voltage.

[0270] Based on the test results of Examples 1-11, it can be seen that when the first ether solvent is A-1, A-4, or A-7, the cycle life of the battery can be further improved.

[0271] Based on the test results of Examples 1 and 12-21, it can be seen that when the second ether solvent is B-3, B-8, or B-13, the cycle life of the battery can be further improved.

[0272] It can be seen from the test results of Examples 1, 22-23 that when the anion of the electrolyte salt includes a bistrifluoromethanesulfonyl imide anion (TFSI - ), difluorooxalatoborate anion (DFOB - ), the cycle life of the battery can be further improved.

[0273] It can be seen from the test results of Examples 1-39 and Example 40 that when the solvent includes both the first ether solvent and the second ether solvent, the cycle life of the battery can be further improved.

[0274] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and within the scope of the technical solution of the present application, embodiments having substantially the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effects are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, within the scope of the subject matter of the present application, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other methods constructed by combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrolyte solution comprising a solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the solvent, in, The solvent includes a first solvent, the first solvent includes an ether solvent, and in the molecular structure of the ether solvent, the α-carbon atom directly connected to the oxygen atom on the ether oxygen bond functional group does not have a hydrogen atom directly connected to the α-carbon atom.

2. The electrolyte according to claim 1, in, The ether solvent comprises 1 to 5 ether oxygen bond functional groups; and / or, The ether solvent has a chain structure or a ring structure.

3. The electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, in, The ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by formula I and formula II, In Formula I, m is an integer between 1 and 5, R 1 Including one or more of halogen atoms, C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, R 2 Including one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, L 1 Each independently includes a single bond, a group as shown in 1a or 1b, # indicates the connection position, wherein R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, C6-C10 haloarylene, and when L 1 When it is a single bond, R 2 Not a hydrogen atom; In formula II, n is an integer between 1 and 5, R 12 , R 13 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, L 2 Each independently includes a single bond, a group as shown in 2a or 2b, wherein R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C1-C5 haloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 halocycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, a C6-C10 haloaryl group, a C7-C10 arylalkyl group, a C7-C10 haloarylalkyl group, a C7-C10 alkylaryl group, and a C7-C10 haloalkylaryl group, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, C3-C7 cycloalkylene, C3-C7 halocycloalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and C6-C10 haloarylene; 4. The electrolyte according to claim 3, in, The ether solvent includes a first ether solvent, and the first ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by Formula I and Formula II, In Formula I, R 1 Including one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, and when L 1 When it is a single bond, R 2 Not a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; In Formula II, R 12 , R 13 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, C7-C10 haloalkylaryl, R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 halocycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 haloaryl, C7-C10 arylalkyl, C7-C10 haloarylalkyl, C7-C10 alkylaryl, and C7-C10 haloalkylaryl.

5. The electrolyte according to claim 4, in, The first ether solvent satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (11): (1)R 1 Including one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, halomethylphenyl, optionally, R 1 including C1-C3 alkyl; (2)R 2 Including one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group, and optionally, R 2 Including one or more of hydrogen atom, C1-C3 alkyl group; (3)R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, halomethylphenyl, and optionally, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 Each independently comprises a C1-C3 alkyl group; (4)R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, halomethylphenyl, and optionally, R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 Each independently comprises a C1-C3 alkyl group; (5)R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, optionally, R 11 Each independently includes C1-C3 alkylene; (6)R 12 , R 13 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, halomethylphenyl, and optionally, R 12 , R 13 Each independently comprises a C1-C3 alkyl group; (7)R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halophenyl, phenylmethyl, halophenylmethyl, methylphenyl, halomethylphenyl, and optionally, R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 Each independently comprises a C1-C3 alkyl group; (8)R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, optionally, R 18 Each independently includes C1-C3 alkylene; (9) m is 1, 2 or 3, optionally, m is 1 or 2; (10) n is 1, 2 or 3, optionally, n is 1 or 2; (11) The first ether solvent does not contain a halogen atom.

6. The electrolyte according to claim 3, in, The ether solvent includes a second ether solvent, and the second ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by Formula I and Formula II, In Formula I, R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 At least one of is a fluorine atom; In Formula II, R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 At least one of them is a fluorine atom.

7. The electrolyte according to claim 4 or 5, in, The ether solvent includes a first ether solvent and a second ether solvent, and the second ether solvent includes one or more compounds represented by Formula I and Formula II, In Formula I, R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 At least one of is a fluorine atom; In Formula II, R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 At least one of them is a fluorine atom.

8. The electrolyte according to claim 6 or 7, in, The second ether solvent satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (13): (1)R 1 Including one or more of halogen atoms, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, phenyl, halogenated phenyl, phenylmethyl, halogenated phenylmethyl, methylphenyl, halogenated methylphenyl, optionally, R 1 Including one or more of halogen atoms, C1-C3 alkyl groups, and C1-C3 haloalkyl groups; (2)R 2 Including one or more of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group, and optionally, R 2 Including one or more of hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, C1-C3 alkyl groups, and C1-C3 haloalkyl groups; (3)R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Optionally, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group; (4)R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Optionally, R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group; (5)R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, optionally, R 11 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene and C1-C3 haloalkylene; (6)R 12 , R 13 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Optionally, R 12 , R 13 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group; (7)R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, a C1-C3 haloalkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C6 halocycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, a phenylmethyl group, a halophenylmethyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a halomethylphenyl group. Optionally, R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 Each independently includes one or more of a halogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, and a C1-C3 haloalkyl group; (8)R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C5 alkylene, C1-C5 haloalkylene, optionally, R 18 Each independently includes one or more of C1-C3 alkylene and C1-C3 haloalkylene; (9)R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 All are fluorine atoms; (10)R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 All are fluorine atoms; (11) m is 1, 2 or 3, optionally, m is 1 or 2; (12) n is 1, 2 or 3, optionally, n is 1 or 2; (13) The second ether solvent is a perfluoroether structure.

9. The electrolyte according to claim 7 or 8, in, The mass of the first ether solvent is denoted as a, and the mass of the second ether solvent is denoted as b, then 0.1:1≤a:b≤10:1, optionally, 0.3:1≤a:b≤3:1, further optionally, 0.5:1≤a:b≤1.5:

1.

10. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 4-5, 7-9, in, The first ether solvent includes one or more of the following compounds: Optionally, the first ether solvent includes one or more of A-1, A-4, and A-7.

11. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 6 to 9, in, The second ether solvent includes one or more of the following compounds: Optionally, the second ether solvent includes one or more of B-3, B-8, and B-13.

12. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in, The mass percentage of the first solvent is recorded as W 1 , based on the total mass of the solvent, then 70%≤W 1 ≤100%, optionally, 85%≤W 1 ≤100%.

13. The electrolyte according to claim 12, in, W 1 is 100%.

14. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 12, in, The solvent further includes a second solvent, and the second solvent includes one or more of ester and halogenated ester solvents, sulfone solvents, nitrile solvents, ether and fluoroether solvents, hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; Optionally, the second solvent includes ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, methyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, ethyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, di(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl Propyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, propyl butyl ether, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, dimethoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, bis(2,2,2-trifluoro 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl trifluoromethyl ether, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl ether, heptafluoropropyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, difluoromethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, ethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, bis(1 , 2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, cyclobutane, ethyl methyl sulfone, tetramethylene sulfoxide, ethyl methyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfoxide, methyl phenyl sulfone, methyl phenyl sulfoxide, ethyl phenyl sulfone, ethyl phenyl sulfoxide, vinyl phenyl sulfone, vinyl phenyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, succinonitrile, 2-butenenitrile, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, fluorobenzene, p-difluorobenzene, m-difluorobenzene, o-difluorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, decafluoropentane, perfluoropentanone or more.

15. The electrolyte according to claim 14, in, The mass percentage of the second solvent is recorded as W 2 , based on the total mass of the solvent, then 0<W 2 ≤30%, optionally, 0<W 2 ≤15%.

16. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in, The electrolyte also includes additives, which include one or more of propane sultone, vinyl sulfate, vinyl sulfite, tris(trimethylsilane) phosphate, tris(trimethylsilane) phosphite, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphate, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphite, tris(trimethylsilane) borate, dimethyl maleic anhydride, and 1,4-diisocyanate.

17. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 16, in, The electrolyte salt includes a first metal cation and a first anion, The first metal cation includes one or more of alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions, and may be selected from one or more of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions; and / or, The first anion includes one or more of a bisfluorosulfonyl imide anion, a bistrifluoromethanesulfonyl imide anion, a dioxalate borate anion, a difluorooxalate borate anion, a difluorodioxalate phosphate anion, a tetrafluorooxalate phosphate anion, a difluorophosphate anion, a hexafluorophosphate anion, a tetrafluoroborate anion, a hexafluoroarsenate anion, and a trifluoromethanesulfonate anion, and can be optionally one or more of a bisfluorosulfonyl imide anion, a bistrifluoromethanesulfonyl imide anion, a dioxalate borate anion, a difluorooxalate borate anion, a difluorodioxalate phosphate anion, and a tetrafluorooxalate phosphate anion.

18. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 17, in, The concentration of the electrolyte salt is 0.5-4 mol / L, and can be optionally 1.5-2.5 mol / L.

19. A battery comprising a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and the electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. The battery according to claim 19, in, The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector and a first metal layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, wherein the metal element in the first metal layer includes one or more of an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, zinc, and aluminum; Optionally, the metal material in the first metal layer includes one or more of lithium, lithium alloy, sodium, sodium alloy, potassium, potassium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, aluminum, and aluminum alloy.

21. The battery according to claim 19 or 20, in, The negative electrode plate only includes a negative electrode current collector.

22. The battery according to claim 20 or 21, in, The negative electrode current collector includes a metal foil, a three-dimensional porous current collector or a composite current collector.

23. An electrical device comprising the battery according to any one of claims 19 to 22.

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