Vegetable seedling substrate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of vegetable seedling raising substrates, and discloses a vegetable seedling raising substrate, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 200 parts of mushroom residue, 50 to 100 parts of straw mixture, 10 to 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 to 50 parts of animal manure and 20 to 50 parts of plant ash liquid. According to the vegetable seedling raising substrate and the preparation method thereof, the mushroom residues, the straw mixture and other raw materials are used, so that the vegetable seedling raising substrate is low in cost in the production process, the production steps are simple and easy to operate, and the seedling raising effect is good under the nutritional performance of the animal manure, the organic fertilizer and the plant ash liquid. Enough nutrients can be provided in the vegetable seedling raising process, so that the emergence rate in the vegetable seedling raising process is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable seedling raising substrate preparation, in particular to a vegetable seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Vegetables have a short growth period from sowing to the maturity of their nutritional organs, high nutritional value and considerable economic benefits. Therefore, they are widely planted in my country, with a large area and huge consumption of seedling substrates each year. Matrix seedling cultivation refers to a seedling cultivation method that provides a place for crop seeds to germinate and seedlings to grow in a certain container. Seedling substrate refers to a carrier that can fix the root system of crops and promote their growth, and provide them with sufficient water, oxygen, nutrition and heat.

[0003] Substrate production and application: There are many companies producing and selling seedling substrates in China. Although the selling price of substrates is slightly lower than that of imported substrates, pathogen residues, nutrient deficiencies, poor adsorption and air permeability are prone to occur in the substrates. Imported substrates are of relatively good quality, but the selling price is also relatively high, which significantly increases the cost of seedlings. The burning of straw and the accumulation of crops in the fields in northern my country have been repeatedly banned, resulting in a huge waste of resources and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop a vegetable seedling substrate that can reduce production costs and save non-renewable resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a vegetable seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problems of straw burning and field accumulation in northern my country.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A vegetable seedling substrate comprises mushroom residue, straw mixture, organic fertilizer, livestock manure and plant ash liquid, wherein the mushroom residue accounts for 100-200 parts, the straw mixture accounts for 50-100 parts, the organic fertilizer accounts for 10-30 parts, the livestock manure accounts for 30-50 parts, and the plant ash liquid accounts for 20-50 parts, the straw mixture includes wheat straw, corn straw, sorghum straw and rice straw, the mushroom residue includes oyster mushroom residue and shiitake mushroom residue, the livestock manure includes cattle and sheep manure and chicken manure, the organic fertilizer includes cake fertilizer, compost and biogas fertilizer, and the plant ash liquid is obtained by soaking the ashes of burned plants.

[0009] A method for preparing a vegetable seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1. Raw material preparation: mushroom residue, straw mixture, organic fertilizer, livestock manure, and plant ash liquid;

[0011] S2. Preparation: crushing the straw mixture, mixing the crushed straw mixture with mushroom residue, and adding a corresponding amount of livestock manure to mix together to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0012] S3, fermentation: adding organic fertilizer to the prefabricated substrate obtained in S2 for fermentation, wherein wood ash liquid is added during the fermentation process;

[0013] S4, turning and pushing: During the fermentation process of S3, when the temperature of the prefabricated substrate is higher than 40°C, turning and pushing is performed once until the mature material is obtained;

[0014] S5, crushing: crushing the decomposed material obtained in S4, and filling it after the crushing is completed to obtain the vegetable seedling medium.

[0015] Preferably, the number of turning and pushing described in S4 is greater than 2 times per day.

[0016] Preferably, the moisture content of the prefabricated substrate in S3 is controlled at 30%-50%. When the moisture content is lower, corresponding wood ash liquid and water spraying can be added.

[0017] Preferably, the fermentation time in S3 is 10-20 days.

[0018] Preferably, in said S5, after the filling is completed, holes can be pierced in the substrate carrying the vegetable seedlings, and then the seeds are placed in the holes to complete the vegetable seedling cultivation.

[0019] (III) Beneficial effects

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a vegetable seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The vegetable seedling substrate preparation method uses raw materials such as mushroom residues and straw mixtures, so that the vegetable seedling substrate has low cost in the production process, and the production steps are simple and easy to operate. In addition, with the nutritional properties of livestock manure, organic fertilizer and wood ash liquid itself, sufficient nutrients can be provided for the vegetable seedling process, thereby improving the emergence rate and seedling rate of the vegetable seedling process.

[0022] 2. The method for preparing the vegetable seedling matrix comprises the following steps: after filling, holes can be pierced in the vegetable seedling matrix, and then the vegetable seeds are placed in the holes to complete the vegetable seedling cultivation. At the same time, the piercing method ensures the air permeability of the vegetable seedling matrix, which can effectively prevent the vegetable roots from rotting and improve the survival rate of the vegetables. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] A vegetable seedling substrate, comprising mushroom residue, straw mixture, organic fertilizer, livestock manure, and plant ash liquid;

[0025] Among them, mushroom residue accounts for 100-200 parts, straw mixture accounts for 50-100 parts, organic fertilizer accounts for 10-30 parts, livestock manure accounts for 30-50 parts, and wood ash liquid accounts for 20-50 parts;

[0026] The straw mixture includes wheat straw, corn straw, sorghum straw and rice straw;

[0027] Livestock manure includes cow, sheep and chicken manure;

[0028] Organic fertilizers include cake fertilizer, compost, and biogas fertilizer;

[0029] Wood ash liquid is obtained by soaking the ashes from burning wood.

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] A method for preparing a vegetable seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0032] S1. Raw material preparation: 200 parts of mushroom residue, 100 parts of straw mixture, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 50 parts of livestock manure, and 50 parts of plant ash liquid;

[0033] S2. Preparation: crushing the straw mixture, mixing the crushed straw mixture with mushroom residue, and adding a corresponding amount of livestock manure to mix together to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0034] S3, fermentation: adding organic fertilizer to the prefabricated substrate obtained in S2 for fermentation, wherein wood ash liquid is added during the fermentation process to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0035] Among them, the fermentation time is 20 days;

[0036] The humidity of the prefabricated substrate is controlled at about 50%. When the humidity is low, corresponding wood ash liquid or water spraying can be added to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate.

[0037] S4, turning and pushing: During the fermentation process of S3, when the temperature of the prefabricated substrate is higher than 40°C, turning and pushing is performed once until the mature material is obtained;

[0038] Among them, the number of turning and pushing is no less than 2 times a day, so as to ensure that the prefabricated substrate can be thoroughly decomposed;

[0039] S5, crushing: crushing the decomposed material obtained in S4, and filling it after the crushing is completed, so as to obtain a vegetable seedling medium;

[0040] Among them, after filling, the vegetable seedling matrix can be pierced with holes, and then the vegetable seeds are placed in the holes to complete the vegetable seedlings. At the same time, the piercing method ensures the air permeability of the vegetable seedling matrix, which can effectively prevent the vegetable roots from rotting and improve the survival rate of the vegetables.

[0041] The vegetable seedling medium obtained through the above steps uses raw materials such as mushroom residues and straw mixture, so that the vegetable seedling medium has low cost in the production process, and the production steps are simple and easy to operate. In addition, with the nutritional properties of livestock manure, organic fertilizer and wood ash liquid itself, it can provide sufficient nutrients for the vegetable seedling process, thereby improving the emergence rate of the vegetable seedling process.

[0042] Embodiment 2:

[0043] A method for preparing a vegetable seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0044] S1. Raw material preparation: 100 parts of mushroom residue, 50 parts of straw mixture, 10 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 parts of livestock manure, and 20 parts of plant ash liquid;

[0045] S2. Preparation: crushing the straw mixture, mixing the crushed straw mixture with mushroom residue, and adding a corresponding amount of livestock manure to mix together to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0046] S3, fermentation: adding organic fertilizer to the prefabricated substrate obtained in S2 for fermentation, wherein wood ash liquid is added during the fermentation process to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0047] Among them, the fermentation time is 15 days;

[0048] The humidity of the prefabricated substrate is controlled at about 30%. When the humidity is low, corresponding wood ash liquid or water spraying can be added to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate.

[0049] S4, turning and pushing: During the fermentation process of S3, when the temperature of the prefabricated substrate is higher than 40°C, turning and pushing is performed once until the mature material is obtained;

[0050] Among them, the number of turning and pushing is no less than 2 times a day, so as to ensure that the prefabricated substrate can be thoroughly decomposed;

[0051] S5, crushing: crushing the decomposed material obtained in S4, and filling it after the crushing is completed, so as to obtain a vegetable seedling medium;

[0052] Among them, after filling, the vegetable seedling matrix can be pierced with holes, and then the vegetable seeds can be placed in the holes to complete the vegetable seedling cultivation. At the same time, the piercing method ensures the air permeability of the vegetable seedling matrix, which can effectively prevent the vegetable roots from rotting and improve the vegetable germination rate.

[0053] The vegetable seedling-raising matrix obtained through the above steps uses raw materials such as mushroom residues and straw mixture, so that the vegetable seedling-raising matrix has low cost in the production process and the production steps are simple and easy to operate.

[0054] Embodiment three:

[0055] A method for preparing a vegetable seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1. Raw material preparation: 150 parts of mushroom residue, 75 parts of straw mixture, 20 parts of organic fertilizer, 40 parts of livestock manure, and 35 parts of plant ash liquid;

[0057] S2. Preparation: crushing the straw mixture, mixing the crushed straw mixture with mushroom residue, and adding a corresponding amount of livestock manure to mix together to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0058] S3, fermentation: adding organic fertilizer to the prefabricated substrate obtained in S2 for fermentation, wherein wood ash liquid is added during the fermentation process to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0059] Among them, the fermentation time is 16 days;

[0060] The humidity of the prefabricated substrate is controlled at about 40%. When the humidity is low, corresponding wood ash liquid or water spraying can be added to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate.

[0061] S4, turning and pushing: During the fermentation process of S3, when the temperature of the prefabricated substrate is higher than 40°C, turning and pushing is performed once until the mature material is obtained;

[0062] Among them, the number of turning and pushing is no less than 2 times a day, so as to ensure that the prefabricated substrate can be thoroughly decomposed;

[0063] S5, crushing: crushing the decomposed material obtained in S4, and filling it after the crushing is completed, so as to obtain a vegetable seedling medium;

[0064] Among them, after filling, the vegetable seedling matrix can be pierced with holes, and then the vegetable seeds are placed in the holes to complete the vegetable seedlings. At the same time, the piercing method ensures the air permeability of the vegetable seedling matrix, which can effectively prevent the vegetable roots from rotting and improve the survival rate of the vegetables.

[0065] The vegetable seedling-raising matrix obtained through the above steps uses raw materials such as mushroom residues and straw mixture, so that the vegetable seedling-raising matrix has low cost in the production process and the production steps are simple and easy to operate.

[0066] Embodiment 4:

[0067] A method for preparing a vegetable seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0068] S1. Raw material preparation: 200 parts of mushroom residue, 50 parts of straw mixture, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 50 parts of livestock manure, and 20 parts of plant ash liquid;

[0069] S2. Preparation: crushing the straw mixture, mixing the crushed straw mixture with mushroom residue, and adding a corresponding amount of livestock manure to mix together to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0070] S3, fermentation: adding organic fertilizer to the prefabricated substrate obtained in S2 for fermentation, wherein wood ash liquid is added during the fermentation process to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0071] Among them, the fermentation time is 18 days;

[0072] The humidity of the prefabricated substrate is controlled at about 45%. When the humidity is low, corresponding wood ash liquid or water spraying can be added to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate.

[0073] S4, turning and pushing: During the fermentation process of S3, when the temperature of the prefabricated substrate is higher than 45°C, turning and pushing is performed once until the mature material is obtained;

[0074] Among them, the number of turning and pushing is no less than 2 times a day, so as to ensure that the prefabricated substrate can be thoroughly decomposed;

[0075] S5, crushing: crushing the decomposed material obtained in S4, and filling it after the crushing is completed, so as to obtain a vegetable seedling medium;

[0076] Among them, after filling, the vegetable seedling matrix can be pierced with holes, and then the vegetable seeds can be placed in the holes to complete the vegetable seedling cultivation. At the same time, the piercing method ensures the air permeability of the vegetable seedling matrix, which can effectively prevent the vegetable roots from rotting and improve the vegetable germination rate.

[0077] The vegetable seedling-raising matrix obtained through the above steps uses raw materials such as mushroom residues and straw mixture, so that the vegetable seedling-raising matrix has low cost in the production process and the production steps are simple and easy to operate.

[0078] Embodiment five:

[0079] A method for preparing a vegetable seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0080] S1. Raw material preparation: 100 parts of mushroom residue, 100 parts of straw mixture, 20 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 parts of livestock manure, and 50 parts of plant ash liquid;

[0081] S2. Preparation: crushing the straw mixture, mixing the crushed straw mixture with mushroom residue, and adding a corresponding amount of livestock manure to mix together to obtain a prefabricated matrix;

[0082] S3, fermentation: adding organic fertilizer to the prefabricated substrate obtained in S2 for fermentation, wherein wood ash liquid is added during the fermentation process to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate;

[0083] Among them, the fermentation time is 20 days;

[0084] The humidity of the prefabricated substrate is controlled at about 45%. When the humidity is low, corresponding wood ash liquid or water spraying can be added to ensure the humidity of the prefabricated substrate.

[0085] S4, turning and pushing: During the fermentation process of S3, when the temperature of the prefabricated substrate is higher than 50°C, turning and pushing is performed once until the mature material is obtained;

[0086] Among them, the number of turning and pushing is no less than 2 times a day, so as to ensure that the prefabricated substrate can be thoroughly decomposed;

[0087] S5, crushing: crushing the decomposed material obtained in S4, and filling it after the crushing is completed, so as to obtain a vegetable seedling medium;

[0088] Among them, after filling, the vegetable seedling matrix can be pierced with holes, and then the vegetable seeds are placed in the holes to complete the vegetable seedlings. At the same time, the piercing method ensures the air permeability of the vegetable seedling matrix, which can effectively prevent the vegetable roots from rotting and improve the survival rate of the vegetables.

[0089] The vegetable seedling-raising matrix obtained through the above steps uses raw materials such as mushroom residues and straw mixture, so that the vegetable seedling-raising matrix has low cost in the production process and the production steps are simple and easy to operate.

[0090] The following table shows the raw material ratios used in the actual experiment of the vegetable seedling culture matrix:

[0091]

[0092] The following table shows the seedling raising rate data in the actual seedling raising process after the preparation of the vegetable seedling raising substrate of the present invention is completed: wherein the seedling raising object is Chinese cabbage, the variety is Zaofeng 01, and the seedling raising area is the vegetable planting base in Qingdao City, Shandong Province, my country;

[0093] The substrate of the present invention and the conventional substrate are both laid for 0.5 mu, and after laying, they are irrigated and fertilized, and holes are opened by a hole-opening device, cabbage seeds are sown and covered with a ground film. During the cabbage seedling raising process, the seedling raising temperature is 15° C.-25° C., the moisture content of the substrate is between 10%-20%, and the relative humidity of the air is 50%-60%;

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] It can be concluded from the above-mentioned seedling raising rate that in the actual seedling raising process, the present invention has much higher seedling raising rate and transplanting seedling raising rate than conventional substrates. At the same time, the substrate preparation cost is low and the preparation steps are relatively simple.

[0097] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vegetable seedling substrate, characterized in that: It includes mushroom residue, straw mixture, organic fertilizer, livestock manure, and wood ash liquid. The mushroom residue accounts for 100-200 parts, the straw mixture accounts for 50-100 parts, the organic fertilizer accounts for 10-30 parts, the livestock manure accounts for 30-50 parts, and the wood ash liquid accounts for 20-50 parts. The straw mixture includes wheat straw, corn straw, sorghum straw, and rice straw. The mushroom residue includes oyster mushroom residue and shiitake mushroom residue. The livestock manure includes cattle and sheep manure and chicken manure. The organic fertilizer includes cake fertilizer, composting fertilizer, and biogas fertilizer. The wood ash liquid is obtained by soaking the ashes from burning wood.

2. A method for preparing a vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material preparation: mushroom residue, straw mixture, organic fertilizer, livestock manure, and plant ash liquid; S2. Preparation: crushing the straw mixture, mixing the crushed straw mixture with mushroom residue, and adding a corresponding amount of livestock manure to mix together to obtain a prefabricated matrix; S3, fermentation: adding organic fertilizer to the prefabricated substrate obtained in S2 for fermentation, wherein wood ash liquid is added during the fermentation process; S4, turning and pushing: During the fermentation process of S3, when the temperature of the prefabricated substrate is higher than 40°C, turning and pushing is performed once until the mature material is obtained; S5, crushing: crushing the decomposed material obtained in S4, and filling it after the crushing is completed to obtain the vegetable seedling medium.

3. The method for preparing a vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of flipping and pushing described in S4 is >2 times per day.

4. A vegetable seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof according to claim 2, characterized in that: The moisture content of the prefabricated substrate in S3 is controlled at 30%-50%. When the moisture content is low, corresponding wood ash liquid and water spraying can be added.

5. The method for preparing a vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fermentation time described in S3 is 10-20 days.

6. The method for preparing a vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S5, after the filling is completed, the substrate for growing vegetable seedlings can be pierced with holes, and then the seeds are placed in the holes to complete the vegetable seedling cultivation.

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