A device and method for detecting full gradation of soil and stone materials based on graded imaging

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent detection of soil and rock grading, and specifically relates to a device and method for detecting the full gradation of soil and rock based on graded imaging. The device comprises a conveyor belt and a photoelectric detection system, a control and grading detection system, and a graded imaging system, and the three systems are placed on the upper part of a movable bottom plate; the conveyor belt and the photoelectric detection system comprise an end photoelectric sensor, a front photoelectric sensor, and a conveyor belt; an end photoelectric sensor and a front photoelectric sensor are arranged on one side of the conveyor belt; the present invention realizes the detection of the full gradation of soil and rock; the present invention screens and automatically weighs soil and rock particles with particle sizes of 500-800mm and 0-5mm, and at the same time uses a soil and rock grading device to optimize the imaging process of soil and rock particles with a particle size of 5-500mm, cooperates with a water sprinkling dust removal system to solve the problem of image acquisition affected by dust impurities, and finally solves the problem of large stones blocking small stones and dust impurities affecting image acquisition, thereby improving the accuracy of soil and rock full gradation detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent detection of soil and rock gradation, and in particular relates to a device and method for detecting the full gradation of soil and rock based on graded imaging. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of earth-rockfill dams, large volumes of fill are required, and compaction quality control is critical. The gradation of the fill material is one of the primary factors influencing its mechanical properties after compaction, making it extremely important in the project. Using properly graded fill materials ensures the quality of fill compaction and improves its anti-seepage and anti-deformation properties. Therefore, soil-rock gradation testing is a key step in rockfill dam quality control.

[0003] The particle size of the earth and rock required for dam filling ranges from 0 to 800 mm. Traditional methods for testing the gradation of earth and rock are primarily based on screening experiments, using manual or mechanical sieve shakers for grading. This method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and has limitations for handling small, large, and irregularly shaped earth and rock. It struggles to meet the demands of modern intelligent construction for speed and efficiency. With the rapid development of modern computer and photography technologies, image recognition technology has been widely applied and has made significant progress in the field of water conservancy engineering, providing a new approach for the rapid testing of the full gradation of rockfill materials in earth and rockfill dams.

[0004] Current intelligent soil and rock material detection devices based on image recognition technology are prone to problems such as large rocks obscuring smaller rocks and dust and impurities affecting image acquisition due to the large volume of soil and rock material to be detected, a wide range of particle size distribution, and dark color. This makes it difficult to meet the current requirements for efficient mechanized earth and rock dam construction. Therefore, a method for intelligent soil and rock material gradation detection suitable for complex construction sites is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to address the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a device and method for detecting the full gradation of soil and stone materials based on graded imaging, which realizes the detection of the full gradation of soil and stone materials. The present invention screens and automatically weighs soil and stone material particles with particle sizes of 500-800mm and 0-5mm, and at the same time utilizes a soil and stone material grading device to optimize the imaging process of soil and stone material particles with a particle size of 5-500mm, and cooperates with a water sprinkling and dust removal system to solve the problem of image acquisition affected by dust impurities, ultimately solving the problem of large stones blocking small stones and dust impurities affecting image acquisition, thereby improving the accuracy of soil and stone material full gradation detection.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging includes a conveyor belt and a photoelectric detection system, a control and gradation detection system, and a graded imaging system. The three systems are placed on the upper part of the movable bottom plate. The conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system include an end photoelectric sensor, a front photoelectric sensor, and a conveyor belt. The end photoelectric sensor and the front photoelectric sensor are set on one side of the conveyor belt.

[0008] The control and grading detection system includes a central control system and a rear monitoring system, which are respectively located on both sides of the grading imaging system; the central control system is equipped with a monitoring room, and a front 3D camera is installed on the left side of the monitoring room; the rear monitoring system includes a 3D camera protection box and a rear 3D camera inside the 3D camera protection box; the rear 3D camera and the front 3D camera jointly photograph the middle stone;

[0009] The grading imaging system is located at the conveyor belt discharge end of the conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system; the grading imaging system includes a water sprinkling and dust removal system, an opening and closing system, a 0-5mm dust particle collection and weighing system, and a 500-800mm particle size stone screening and weighing system; the grading imaging system can realize the rapid detection of the grading of earth and stone materials in the particle size range of 0-800mm required for the filling of the earth and rock dam body.

[0010] Furthermore, the water sprinkling and dust removal system is a spray mechanism, which includes four spray devices, a water tank, a water pipe, and a water pump; the four spray devices are installed around the graded imaging system to remove dust from the surrounding environment of the graded imaging system; the water pipe connects the four spray devices, the water inlet end of the water pump is connected to the water tank, and the water outlet end of the water pump is connected to the water pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the opening and closing system is an opening and closing mechanism, which includes a hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic oil pipe, a first hydraulic rod, a hydraulic oil pump, a hydraulic motor, a vibration motor, a screening slope, an isolation baffle, a buffer belt, and an opening and closing plate; the backs of the two opening and closing plates are hinged to the first hydraulic rod, and the two sides of the opening and closing plates are rotatably connected to the frame; the hydraulic motor drives the hydraulic pump to transport the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank to the first hydraulic rod through the hydraulic oil pipe, thereby controlling the opening and closing plate to rotate on the frame for opening and closing; a vibration motor is installed on the back of the opening and closing plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the isolation baffle is installed on the upper part of the opening and closing plate; a buffer belt is installed on the front side of the opening and closing plate, and the screening slope is arranged below the opening and closing plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the 0-5mm dust particle collection and weighing system is an air screening mechanism, which includes a fan, a protective shell, a 5mm screen, a small-particle stone storage bin, and a first gravity sensor; the fan is installed on the frame on the left side of the two opening and closing plates, and the protective shell is installed on the outside of the fan; the 5mm screen is installed on the frame on the left side of the two opening and closing plates, and the small-particle stone storage bin is installed on the frame and connected to the 5mm screen; the two first gravity sensors are arranged at the lower end inside the small-particle stone storage bin.

[0014] Furthermore, the 500-800mm particle size stone screening and weighing system is a mesh screen mechanism, which includes three second gravity sensors, a screen with a sieve hole size of 500mm×500mm×50mm (length×width×thickness), two second hydraulic rods, and a rotating shaft; one side of the screen is rotatably connected to the frame through a rotating shaft; one end of the two second hydraulic rods is hinged to the frame, and the other end is hinged to the bottom plate, the second gravity sensor is installed on the bottom plate, and the bottom plate abuts against the bottom of the screen.

[0015] Furthermore, the conveyor belt includes a motor, which drives the roller to rotate, so that the conveyor belt crawler rotates to transport soil and stone materials; the fixed end of the conveyor belt is supported by a bracket.

[0016] Furthermore, a display screen, a central control system, and a computer case are installed in the monitoring room for data analysis.

[0017] Furthermore, the end photoelectric sensor transmits the photoelectric signal to the monitoring room control system via wire, and the control system controls the operation of the water pump. The front-end photoelectric sensor transmits the photoelectric signal to the monitoring room control system via wire, and the control system controls the operation of the fan.

[0018] A detection method using the soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: When the soil and stone materials pass through the photoelectric sensor at the end of the transmission belt, the photoelectric signal is transmitted to the monitoring room control system via wired transmission. The control system starts the fan to blow the dust particles of 0-5mm into the small-size stone storage bin opposite, and automatically weighs them using the first gravity sensor;

[0020] Step 2: Synchronously, the control system starts the water pump of the sprinkler dust removal system to pump water, and the spray device reduces dust in the surrounding environment;

[0021] Step 3: Synchronously, the control system starts the vibration motor under the opening and closing plate, and uses high-frequency vibration to make small-sized stones in the large-sized soil and stone materials fall to the bottom of the closing plate in the closed state;

[0022] Step 4: The conveyor belt feeds the material to the grading imaging system. The top screen of the grading imaging system and the second gravity sensor realize 500-800mm soil and stone material screening and automatic weighing, and the second hydraulic rod flips the screen to complete the dumping of the screened material.

[0023] Step 5: The photoelectric sensor at the front end of the conveyor belt detects the end of the soil and stone material transmission, and transmits the signal to the monitoring room control system. The control system starts the first hydraulic rod under the opening and closing plate, and simultaneously controls the water spraying and dust removal system to be turned off.

[0024] Step 6: The first hydraulic rod is operated to control the angle between the opening and closing plate and the vertical direction from 53.13 degrees to 30 degrees, so that the soil and stone materials with a particle size of 5-500 mm fall in the order of small to large particle size;

[0025] Step 7: The front 3D camera and the rear 3D camera continuously capture the soil and rock particles falling in the imaging area. From all the frames, two frames of a certain specification of soil and rock particles are sequentially taken at a set optimal frame interval and saved as valid frames of the soil and rock particles of that specification.

[0026] Step 8: Transmitting the quality information of soil and rock materials with particle sizes of 0-5 mm and 500-800 mm and the image information of soil and rock materials with particle sizes of 5-500 mm in real time to the computer case in the monitoring room;

[0027] Step 9: Perform image processing on the valid frames of soil and stone particles of various specifications, perform image preprocessing, image segmentation, depth data acquisition, point cloud processing, particle size identification and quality calculation, and complete the full gradation detection of soil and stone materials by combining with other quality data in step 7.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The 500-800mm particle size stone screening and weighing system of the present invention screens 500-800mm particle size soil and stone materials and uses the second gravity sensor to complete the quality inspection, then uses the fan machine to screen 0-5mm particle size soil and stone materials and uses the first gravity sensor to complete the quality inspection, and finally the vibration motor of the V-shaped aggregate area formed by the opening and closing plate vibrates to make the small particle size stones in the 5-500mm particle size range fall to the bottom of the closing plate in the closed state, ensuring that the stones fall according to the particle size level. At the same time, the grading system controls the opening and closing device to gradually open from closed to achieve the 5-500mm particle size soil and stone materials falling in the order of small to large particle size, and completes the 5-500mm particle size classification based on 3D vision technology. The invention can identify the particle size and calculate the weight of soil and stone materials with a particle size of 0mm, thereby realizing the full gradation detection of soil and stone materials; the invention screens and automatically weighs soil and stone material particles with particle sizes of 500-800mm and 0-5mm, and uses a soil and stone grading device to optimize the imaging process of soil and stone material particles with a particle size of 5-500mm, and cooperates with a water sprinkling and dust removal system to solve the problem of image acquisition affected by dust impurities, and finally solves the problem of large stones blocking small stones and dust impurities affecting image acquisition, thereby improving the accuracy of full gradation detection of soil and stone materials, providing a feasible technical route for the comprehensive, efficient and high-precision detection of soil and stone material gradation, suitable for complex construction sites, and has important reference value and significance for engineering applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the control and grading detection system structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the built-in structure of the monitoring room of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rear-facing camera structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hierarchical imaging system of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the water sprinkling and dust removal system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the opening and closing system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the 0-5mm dust particle collection and weighing system of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the 500-800mm particle size stone screening and weighing system of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention.

[0041] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0042] Conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system-1, control and grading detection system-2, grading imaging system-3, water sprinkling and dust removal system-4, opening and closing system-5, 0-5mm dust particle collection and weighing system-6, 500-800mm particle size stone screening and weighing system-7, movable bottom plate-8, end photoelectric sensor-11, front photoelectric sensor-12, conveyor belt-13, bracket-131, conveyor belt crawler-132, roller-133, motor-14, central control system-21, monitoring room-211, front 3D camera-212, display screen-213, central control system-214, computer case-215, rear monitoring system-22, 3D camera protection box-221, rear 3D camera-222, Spray mechanism 31, spray device 311, water tank 312, water pipe 313, water pump 314, opening and closing mechanism 32, hydraulic oil tank 3201, hydraulic oil pipe 3202, first hydraulic rod 3203, hydraulic oil pump 3204, hydraulic motor 3205, vibration motor 3206, screening slope 3207, isolation baffle 3208, buffer belt 3209, opening and closing plate 3210, air screening mechanism 33, fan 331, protective housing 332, 5mm screen 333, small-particle stone storage bin 334, first gravity sensor 335, mesh screening mechanism 34, second gravity sensor 341, screen 342, second hydraulic rod 343, rotating shaft 344. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0044] Although the steps in the present invention are arranged with numbers, they are not intended to limit the order of the steps. Unless the order of the steps is clearly stated or the execution of a step requires other steps as a basis, the relative order of the steps can be adjusted. It is understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0045] Example

[0046] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, a soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging includes a conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system 1, a control and gradation detection system 2, and a graded imaging system 3. The three systems are placed on the upper part of a movable bottom plate 8; the conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system 1 includes an end photoelectric sensor 11, a front photoelectric sensor 12, and a conveyor belt 13; the end photoelectric sensor 11 and the front photoelectric sensor 12 are set on one side of the conveyor belt;

[0047] The control and grading detection system 2 includes a central control system 21 and a rear monitoring system 22, which are respectively located on both sides of the grading imaging system 3; the central control system 21 is provided with a monitoring room 211, and a front 3D camera 212 is provided on the left side of the monitoring room 211; the rear monitoring system 22 includes a 3D camera protection box 221 and a rear 3D camera 222 inside the 3D camera protection box 221; the rear 3D camera 222 and the front 3D camera 212 jointly photograph the middle stone;

[0048] The grading imaging system 3 is located at the discharge end of the conveyor belt 13 of the conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system 1; the grading imaging system 3 includes a water sprinkling and dust removal system 4, an opening and closing system 5, a 0-5mm dust particle collection and weighing system 6, and a 500-800mm particle size stone screening and weighing system 7; the grading imaging system 3 realizes rapid detection of the gradation of earth and stone materials in the particle size range of 0-800mm required for the filling of the earth-rock dam body.

[0049] Furthermore, the water sprinkling and dust removal system 4 comprises a spray mechanism 31, which includes four spray devices 311, a water tank 312, a water pipe 313, and a water pump 314. The four spray devices 311 are installed around the graded imaging system 3 to remove dust from the surrounding environment of the graded imaging system 3. The water pipe 313 connects the four spray devices 311, and the water inlet of the water pump 314 is connected to the water tank 312, while the water outlet of the water pump 314 is connected to the water pipe 313. This can solve the problem of dust and impurities affecting image acquisition.

[0050] Furthermore, the opening and closing system 5 is an opening and closing mechanism 32, which includes a hydraulic oil tank 3201, a hydraulic oil pipe 3202, a first hydraulic rod 3203, a hydraulic oil pump 3204, a hydraulic motor 3205, a vibration motor 3206, a screening slope 3207, an isolation baffle 3208, a buffer belt 3209, and an opening and closing plate 3210; the backs of the two opening and closing plates 3210 are hinged to the first hydraulic rod 3203, and the two sides of the opening and closing plates 3210 are rotatably connected to the frame; the hydraulic motor 3205 drives the hydraulic pump 3204 to transport the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank 3201 to the first hydraulic rod 3203 through the hydraulic oil pipe 3202, thereby controlling the opening and closing plate 3210 to rotate on the frame for opening and closing; a vibration motor 3206 is installed on the back of the opening and closing plate 3210. High-frequency vibration is used to make small-sized stones in a large-sized range fall to the bottom of the closed opening and closing plate 3210, thereby solving the problem of large-sized stones blocking small-sized stones and ensuring the free fall of stones from small to large.

[0051] Furthermore, the isolation baffle 3208 is installed on the upper part of the opening and closing plate 3210 ; a buffer belt 3209 is installed on the front of the opening and closing plate 3210 , and the screening slope 3207 is set below the opening and closing plate 3210 .

[0052] The isolation baffle 3208 can prevent small stones from getting stuck in the gap of the instrument during the falling process; the buffer belt 3209 can protect the opening and closing plate 3210 during the falling process of the stones; the screening slope 3207 can make the stones automatically roll to both sides after falling, and will not accumulate inside the system, allowing the system to operate continuously.

[0053] Furthermore, the 0-5mm dust particle collection and weighing system 6 is an air screening mechanism 33, which includes a fan 331, a protective shell 332, a 5mm screen 333, a small-particle stone storage bin 334, and a first gravity sensor 335; the fan 331 is installed on the frame on the left side of the two opening and closing plates 3210, and the protective shell 332 is installed on the outside of the fan 331; the 5mm screen 333 is installed on the frame on the left side of the two opening and closing plates 3210, and the small-particle stone storage bin 334 is installed on the frame and connected to the 5mm screen 333; the two first gravity sensors 335 are set at the lower end of the interior of the small-particle stone storage bin 334. Fan 331 blows small-sized rocks into the system, where they are blown onto the 5mm screen 333 on the right. Particles smaller than 5mm enter the small-sized rock storage bin 334 to the right, where they fall onto two first gravity sensors 335 located below. Rocks with a size of 0-5mm are stored in the storage bin; the first gravity sensors 335 weigh and analyze the rock.

[0054] Furthermore, the 500-800 mm particle size stone screening and weighing system 7 comprises a mesh screen mechanism 34, which includes three second gravity sensors 341, a screen 342 with mesh dimensions of 500 mm × 500 mm × 50 mm (length × width × thickness), two second hydraulic rods 343, and a rotating shaft 344. One side of the screen 342 is rotatably connected to the frame via the rotating shaft 344. One end of the two second hydraulic rods 343 is hinged to the frame, and the other end is hinged to the bottom plate. The second gravity sensors 341 are mounted on the bottom plate, which abuts the bottom of the screen 342. The two second hydraulic rods 343 and the rotating shaft 344 enable the screen 342 to be flipped.

[0055] Furthermore, the conveyor belt includes a motor 14, which drives the roller 133 to rotate, so that the conveyor belt crawler 132 rotates to transport soil and stone materials; the fixed end of the conveyor belt 13 is supported by the bracket 131. The conveyor belt crawler 132 is driven by the motor 14 to transport soil and stone materials.

[0056] Furthermore, the monitoring room 211 is equipped with a display screen 213, a central control system 214, and a computer case 215 for data analysis. Two 3D cameras take pictures of the soil and rock materials and transmit them to the central control system 214 for data analysis.

[0057] Furthermore, the end photoelectric sensor 11 transmits the photoelectric signal to the monitoring room 211 control system via wire, and the control system controls the operation of the water pump 314. The front-end photoelectric sensor 12 transmits the photoelectric signal to the monitoring room 211 control system via wire, and the control system controls the operation of the fan 331.

[0058] A detection method using the soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging comprises the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: When soil and stone materials pass through the end photoelectric sensor 11 on the transmission belt 13, the photoelectric signal is transmitted via wire to the control system in the monitoring room 211. The control system starts the fan 331 to blow the 0-5mm dust particles into the small-size stone storage bin 334 opposite. The first gravity sensor 335 automatically weighs the dust particles.

[0060] Step 2: Synchronously, the control system starts the water pump 314 of the water sprinkling and dust removal system 4 to pump water, and the spray device 311 to reduce dust in the surrounding environment;

[0061] Step 3: Synchronously, the control system starts the vibration motor 3206 under the opening and closing plate 3210, and uses high-frequency vibration to make the small-sized stones in the large-sized soil and stone materials fall to the bottom of the closed opening and closing plate 3210;

[0062] Step 4: The conveyor belt 13 delivers the material to the grading imaging system 3. The top screen 342 of the grading imaging system 3 and the second gravity sensor 341 realize 500-800mm soil and stone material screening and automatic weighing. The second hydraulic rod 343 flips and dumps the screen 342 to complete the dumping of the screened material.

[0063] Step 5: The photoelectric sensor 12 at the front end of the conveyor belt 13 detects the end of the soil and stone material transmission, and transmits the signal to the control system in the monitoring room 211. The control system starts the first hydraulic rod 3203 under the opening and closing plate 3210, and simultaneously controls the water spraying and dust removal system 4 to be turned off.

[0064] Step 6: The first hydraulic rod 3203 operates to control the angle between the opening and closing plate 3210 and the vertical direction from 53.13 degrees to 30 degrees, so that the soil and stone materials with a particle size of 5-500 mm fall in the order of small to large particle size;

[0065] Step 7: The front 3D camera 212 and the rear 3D camera 222 continuously capture the soil and rock particles falling in the imaging area. From all the frames, two frames of a certain size of soil and rock particles are sequentially taken at a set optimal frame interval and saved as valid frames of the soil and rock particles of that size.

[0066] Step 8: Transmitting the quality information of the soil and rock materials with particle sizes of 0-5 mm and 500-800 mm and the image information of the soil and rock materials with particle sizes of 5-500 mm in real time to the computer case 215 of the monitoring room 211;

[0067] Step 9: Perform image processing on the valid frames of soil and stone particles of various specifications, perform image preprocessing, image segmentation, depth data acquisition, point cloud processing, particle size identification and quality calculation, and complete the full gradation detection of soil and stone materials by combining with other quality data in step 7.

[0068] The 500-800mm particle size stone screening and weighing system 7 of the present invention screens 500-800mm particle size soil and stone materials and uses the second gravity sensor 341 to complete the quality inspection. Then, the fan 331 is used to screen 0-5mm particle size soil and stone materials and uses the first gravity sensor 335 to complete the quality inspection. Finally, the V-shaped aggregate area formed by the opening and closing plate 3210 and the vibration motor 3206 vibrate to achieve the small particle size stone in the 5-500mm particle size range soil and stone materials falling to the bottom of the closed opening and closing plate 3210, ensuring that the stone materials fall according to the particle size level. At the same time, the grading system controls the opening and closing device to gradually open from closed, so that the 5-500mm particle size soil and stone materials fall in the order of small to large particle size. Based on 3 3D vision technology completes the particle size identification and weight calculation of soil and stone materials with a particle size of 5-500mm, thereby realizing the detection of the full gradation of soil and stone materials. The present invention screens and automatically weighs soil and stone particles with particle sizes of 500-800mm and 0-5mm, and uses a soil and stone grading device to optimize the imaging process of soil and stone particles with a particle size of 5-500mm. In conjunction with the water sprinkling and dust removal system 4, the problem of dust and impurities affecting image acquisition is solved. Ultimately, the problem of large stones blocking small stones and dust and impurities affecting image acquisition is solved, thereby improving the accuracy of the detection of the full gradation of soil and stone materials. This provides a feasible technical route for the comprehensive, efficient and high-precision detection of soil and stone gradation, is suitable for complex construction sites, and has important reference value and significance for engineering applications.

[0069] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several improvements and changes can be made without departing from the creative concept of the present invention, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging, characterized in that: The invention comprises a conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system (1), a control and grading detection system (2) and a grading imaging system (3), wherein the three systems are placed on the upper part of a movable bottom plate (8); the conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system (1) comprises an end photoelectric sensor (11), a front photoelectric sensor (12) and a conveyor belt (13); the end photoelectric sensor (11) and the front photoelectric sensor (12) are arranged on one side of the conveyor belt (13); The control and grading detection system (2) includes a central control system (21) and a rear monitoring system (22), and the central control system (21) and the rear monitoring system (22) are respectively located on both sides of the grading imaging system (3); the central control system (21) is provided with a monitoring room (211), and a front 3D camera (212) is provided on the left side of the monitoring room (211); the rear monitoring system (22) includes a 3D camera protection box (221) and a rear 3D camera (222) inside the 3D camera protection box (221); the rear 3D camera (222) and the front 3D camera (212) jointly shoot the middle stone, and the front 3D camera (212) and the rear 3D camera (222) continuously shoot the soil and stone particles falling in the imaging area; The grading imaging system (3) is located at the discharge end of the conveyor belt (13) of the conveyor belt and photoelectric detection system (1); the grading imaging system (3) includes a water sprinkling and dust removal system (4), an opening and closing system (5), a 0-5 mm dust particle collection and weighing system (6), and a 500-800 mm particle size stone screening and weighing system (7); the grading imaging system (3) realizes rapid detection of the gradation of earth and stone materials in the particle size range of 0-800 mm required for the filling of the earth and rock dam body; The opening and closing system (5) is an opening and closing mechanism (32), which includes a hydraulic oil tank (3201), a hydraulic oil pipe (3202), a first hydraulic rod (3203), a hydraulic oil pump (3204), a hydraulic motor (3205), a vibration motor (3206), a screening slope (3207), an isolation baffle (3208), a buffer belt (3209), and an opening and closing plate (3210); the backs of the two opening and closing plates (3210) are The opening and closing plate (3210) is hinged to the first hydraulic rod (3203), and both sides of the opening and closing plate (3210) are rotatably connected to the frame; the hydraulic motor (3205) drives the hydraulic pump (3204) to transport the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank (3201) to the first hydraulic rod (3203) through the hydraulic oil pipe (3202), thereby controlling the opening and closing plate (3210) to rotate on the frame for opening and closing; a vibration motor (3206) is installed on the back of the opening and closing plate (3210); The first hydraulic rod (3203) operates to control the angle between the opening and closing plate (3210) and the vertical direction from 53.13 degrees to 30 degrees, so that soil and stone materials with a particle size of 5-500 mm fall in order of particle size from small to large, and the particle size recognition and weight calculation of the soil and stone materials with a particle size of 5-500 mm are completed based on 3D vision technology; The isolation baffle (3208) is installed on the upper part of the opening and closing plate (3210); a buffer belt (3209) is installed on the front of the opening and closing plate (3210), and the screening slope (3207) is arranged below the opening and closing plate (3210).

2. The soil and rock material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water sprinkling and dust removal system (4) is a spray mechanism (31), and the spray mechanism (31) includes four spray devices (311), a water tank (312), a water pipe (313), and a water pump (314); the four spray devices (311) are installed around the graded imaging system (3) to remove dust from the surrounding environment of the graded imaging system (3); the water pipe (313) connects the four spray devices (311), the water inlet end of the water pump (314) is connected to the water tank (312), and the water outlet end of the water pump (314) is connected to the water pipe (313).

3. The soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging according to claim 2, characterized in that: The 0-5 mm dust particle collection and weighing system (6) is an air screening mechanism (33), which includes a fan (331), a protective shell (332), a 5 mm screen (333), a small-size stone storage bin (334), and a first gravity sensor (335); the fan (331) is mounted on a frame on the left side of the two opening and closing plates (3210), and the protective shell (332) is mounted on the outside of the fan (331); the 5 mm screen (333) is mounted on the frame on the left side of the two opening and closing plates (3210), and the small-size stone storage bin (334) is mounted on the frame and communicated with the 5 mm screen (333); and the two first gravity sensors (335) are arranged at the lower end of the small-size stone storage bin (334).

4. The soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging according to claim 3, characterized in that: The 500-800 mm particle size stone screening and weighing system (7) is a mesh screen mechanism (34), which includes three second gravity sensors (341), a screen (342) with a screen hole size of 500 mm × 500 mm × 50 mm in length × width × thickness, two second hydraulic rods (343), and a rotating shaft (344); one side of the screen (342) is rotatably connected to the frame via the rotating shaft (344); one end of the two second hydraulic rods (343) is hinged to the frame, and the other end is hinged to the bottom plate; the second gravity sensor (341) is mounted on the bottom plate, and the bottom plate abuts against the bottom of the screen (342).

5. The soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conveyor belt (13) includes a motor (14), and the motor (14) drives the roller (133) to rotate, so that the conveyor belt crawler (132) rotates to transport soil and stone materials; the fixed end of the conveyor belt (13) is supported by a bracket (131).

6. The soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging according to claim 5, characterized in that: The monitoring room (211) is equipped with a display screen (213), a central control system (214), and a computer case (215) for data analysis.

7. The soil and rock material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end photoelectric sensor (11) transmits the photoelectric signal to the control system of the monitoring room (211) via a wired transmission, and the control system controls the operation of the water pump (314). The front photoelectric sensor (12) transmits the photoelectric signal to the control system of the monitoring room (211) via a wired transmission, and the control system controls the operation of the fan (331).

8. A detection method using the soil and stone material full gradation detection device based on graded imaging according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: When the soil and stone materials pass through the end photoelectric sensor (11) on the transmission belt (13), the photoelectric signal is transmitted to the control system of the monitoring room (211) via a wired connection. The control system starts the fan (331) to blow the dust particles of 0-5 mm into the small-size stone storage bin (334) opposite, and automatically weighs them using the first gravity sensor (335); Step 2: Synchronously, the control system controls the water pump (314) of the water sprinkling and dust removal system (4) to start pumping water, and the spray device (311) to reduce dust in the surrounding environment; Step 3: Synchronously, the control system starts the vibration motor (3206) under the opening and closing plate (3210), and uses high-frequency vibration to make small-sized stones in the large-sized soil and stone materials fall to the bottom of the closing plate (3210) in the closed state; Step 4: The conveyor belt (13) delivers the material to the grading imaging system (3); the uppermost screen (342) of the grading imaging system (3) and the second gravity sensor (341) realize 500-800 mm soil and stone material screening and automatic weighing; and the second hydraulic rod (343) flips and dumps the screen (342) to complete the dumping of the screened material; Step 5: The front-end photoelectric sensor (12) of the conveyor belt (13) detects that the soil and stone material transmission has ended, and transmits the signal to the control system of the monitoring room (211). The control system starts the first hydraulic rod (3203) under the opening and closing plate (3210). Simultaneously, the control system controls the water spraying and dust removal system (4) to be turned off. Step 6: The first hydraulic rod (3203) operates to control the angle between the opening and closing plate (3210) and the vertical direction from 53.13 degrees to 30 degrees, so that the soil and stone materials with a particle size of 5-500 mm fall in the order of small to large particle size; Step 7: The front 3D camera (212) and the rear 3D camera (222) continuously photograph the soil and rock particles falling in the imaging area, and from all the frames, two frames of soil and rock particles of a certain specification are taken at a set optimal frame interval in sequence and saved as valid frames of the soil and rock particles of the specification; Step 8: Transmitting the soil and rock material quality information of 0-5 mm and 500-800 mm particle sizes and the soil and rock material image information of 5-500 mm particle size in real time to the computer case (215) of the monitoring room (211); Step 9: Perform image processing on the valid frames of soil and stone particles of various specifications, perform image preprocessing, image segmentation, depth data acquisition, point cloud processing, particle size identification and quality calculation, and complete the full gradation detection of soil and stone materials by combining with other quality data in step 7.

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