Universal assembly and welding tool and method for large end of locomotive chassis

Abstract

The application provides a universal type assembly and welding tool and method for a large end part of a locomotive chassis, which comprises a lifting positioner, a modular tool and a leveling screw rod; the modular tool comprises a rectangular frame, a small end part assembly support beam, a moving beam, a side beam clamp and a side beam support; two long beams of the rectangular frame are frame side beams, and two short beams of the rectangular frame are end beams; the upper surface, the lower surface and the inner surface of the frame side beam are respectively provided with a T-shaped groove; the moving beam has a plurality of moving beams, the two ends of one moving beam are respectively connected with the frame side beams on the two sides, and the upper surfaces of the outermost two moving beams among the plurality of moving beams are provided with center line vertical rods; the assembly and welding of all large end part products on the tool can be realized by replacing a small number of components, the cost is greatly saved, the production efficiency is improved, the welding deformation is reduced in the clamping state of the clamp, the product quality is improved, and the tool form has a wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of locomotive underframes, and in particular to a universal assembly welding tool and an assembly welding method for a large end portion of a locomotive underframe. Background Art

[0002] The carbon steel locomotive underframe can be manufactured in three sections, namely the front end, the middle part and the rear end. The front end and the rear end are collectively referred to as the big end. The big end is generally divided into side beam type big end and center beam type big end. The side beam type big end is mainly composed of the big end side beam, the small end assembly, the side bearing assembly, the connecting beam, etc. The center beam type big end is mainly composed of the center beam, the small end assembly, the side bearing seat, the cross beam 9, etc. Among them, the position of the side bearing hole after the big end is welded, the flatness of the two side bearing seats 10, the horizontal distance between the transverse center line 7 of the side bearing seat and the transverse center line 11 of the traction rod seat on the end, and the external dimensions formed after the left and right side beams are welded are particularly important and directly affect the welding quality of the underframe.

[0003] At present, the large end assembly can be installed in the forward or reverse direction, such as Figure 1 、 2As shown, the manufacturing steps for the side beam type large end are generally as follows: (1) Preparation: (1.1) Design and manufacture a special assembly tool fixed on the ground according to the vehicle model (before assembling the large end, level the side bearing seat support on the special tool in advance, and adjust the height difference and level between the support surface of other components and the side bearing seat support); (1.2) Design and manufacture a welding flip tool according to the vehicle model; adjust the distance between the two lifting flip positioners according to the length of the flip tool; install the welding flip tool on the positioner; (2) Assemble each component on the special assembly tool according to the assembly process and apply positioning welding: (2.1) Place the welded side bearing assembly seat on the side bearing seat support (two positioning pins are designed on each of the side bearing seat supports on the left and right sides of the tool to position the two circular holes on each of the side bearing seats on the left and right sides of the side bearing assembly 5); (2.2) Place the end on the end support; (2.3) Use the vertical poles at the front and rear ends of the tooling to pull out the longitudinal centerline powder line; (2.4) Adjust the assembly level of the small end, adjust the longitudinal center of the small end assembly to be aligned with the powder line, and adjust the horizontal distance between the front end plate of the small end assembly and the transverse centerline of the side support seat; (2.5) Install the side beams. The left and right outer ends of the large end side beams on the tooling are respectively designed with a number of sliders and slide rails. The sliders are equipped with side beam molds. The molds can slide in the transverse direction and finally fit tightly with the outer skin surface of the large end side beam to ensure that the outer skin of the left and right side beams is symmetrical with the longitudinal centerline and the width of the large end; (2.6) Install other components and apply positioning welding; (3) The large end after assembly and positioning welding is lifted from the special assembly tooling to the special welding flip tooling and tighten the clamp; (4) Perform all-round welding according to the process; (5) Lift the large end out of the flip tooling, lift it into the leveling device, and level the large end; (6) Check and repair.

[0004] The shortcomings of the current large end assembly method are as follows: (1) The length range of large end models is 4500-9000mm, the width range is 2800-3340mm, the height is 1200-1800mm, the side beam height is 200-550mm, the lateral center distance of the side bearing holes is 2000-2200mm, and the weight is 5 tons-10 tons; the structural dimensions of various models vary greatly, and each model needs to be designed and manufactured with a dedicated assembly tool and flip tool. Each tool is 6 to 10 meters long and more than 3 meters wide, which is costly and occupies a large area; (2) There are many lifting times. After the side beam type large end is assembled, it needs to be hoisted again on the flip tool for welding, and then hoisted down after completion. After the center beam type large end is welded on the flip tool, it needs to be placed in the reverse state (such as Figure 3) is lifted out and placed on the leveling device, and after re-leveling, the four side bearing seats are assembled and welded. After completion, it is lifted again on the turning tooling and lifted out in the front state for subsequent chassis assembly operations. (Note: Because the front of the main components of the large end are basically in the same plane, even if there is a height difference, it is not large, so the large end basically adopts the straight installation process, especially the center beam type large end. Since the welding deformation of the center beam 8 is large and it is easy to cause distortion, all of them are in the straight installation form to facilitate the use of a level to adjust the level of the upper plane); (3) The longitudinal spacing of the positioner needs to be adjusted for each new model manufactured; (4) The side beam assembly adopts the mobile mold form, and a large amount of machining is required to ensure that the left and right side beams are symmetrical with the longitudinal center line and meet the size. The manufacturing cost is high, the specialization is strong and the versatility is low; (5) Figure 4 , the horizontal distance between the transverse center line of the side bearing seat of some special models and the transverse center line of the traction rod seat on the end needs to be guaranteed, because the height difference between the two seats is about 1200mm, which is difficult to guarantee; (adopting the reverse installation process, the upper plane of the large end is reversely installed on the cast iron platform, and the plane of the cast iron platform is machined and horizontally adjusted to ensure that the upper plane of the large end is horizontal. Design and manufacture special three-dimensional hoisting tooling for its positioning and installation. The disadvantages are high cost and poor adaptability; the height difference of the reverse side is large, and the height difference between the center line and the reverse side is large, so a large number of auxiliary devices manufactured by machining are required to ensure the size, which is relatively complicated; the more complex the tooling, the more difficult it is to design a universal tooling; the flatness requirements of a single component are high, because the side bearing seat reference surface 6 is reversed, it cannot be adjusted and tested during assembly, especially the large end of the center beam is not suitable for reverse installation) (6) After the side bearing assembly parts are welded, the side bearing There is a welding shrinkage deviation in the transverse center distance of the side bearing holes on the seat. At the same time, in order to facilitate the side bearing assembly to fall into the four locating pins and to facilitate the lifting of the large end after assembly, the diameter of the four locating pins on the large end tooling should be smaller than the diameter of the side bearing hole (for example, the hole is Φ60, and the locating pin is Φ58.5). However, this also affects the positioning accuracy of the assembly tooling for the side bearing assembly; the large end is assembled on the assembly tooling, and after positioning welding, it needs to be hoisted on the flip tooling to carry out the welding of all welds. The welding of the long welds between the side bearing assembly and the left and right side beams will cause the entire side bearing assembly to shrink laterally again, thereby causing the deviation of the transverse center distance of the side bearing holes to increase again. At the same time, most other components are no longer constrained by the fixture. This process is not conducive to the dimensional control of the transverse center distance of the side bearing holes, and is also not conducive to the dimensional control of other components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical issues surrounding the limited versatility of current big-end assembly methods, a universal welding fixture and welding method for locomotive underframe big-ends are provided. This invention primarily provides a welding fixture whose modular design ensures that all big-end products can be assembled and welded on the fixture, thereby increasing the versatility of the big-end assembly method.

[0006] The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A universal welding fixture for the large end of a locomotive underframe, comprising a lifting positioner, a modular fixture and a leveling screw;

[0008] The modular tooling includes a rectangular frame, a small end assembly support beam, a movable beam, a side beam clamp, a side beam support, a center line upright, a side bearing positioning seat, a first crossbeam assembly, and a second crossbeam assembly; the two long beams of the rectangular frame are frame side beams, and the two short beams of the rectangular frame are end beams; the upper surface, lower surface, and inner surface of the frame side beams are respectively provided with T-shaped grooves, and there are several movable beams, and the two ends of a movable beam are respectively connected to the frame side beams on both sides, and among the several movable beams, the upper surfaces of the two outermost movable beams are provided with center line uprights; several side beam supports and side beam clamps are provided on the frame side beams, and the side bearing positioning seat is provided on two adjacent movable beams, and the base of the side bearing positioning seat is parallel to the movable beam; the first crossbeam assembly is provided on two adjacent movable beams on one side of the side bearing positioning seat, and the second crossbeam assembly is provided on two adjacent movable beams on the other side of the side bearing positioning seat; the first crossbeam assembly and the second crossbeam assembly are arranged perpendicular to the movable beam;

[0009] The extension direction of the frame side beam is the left-right direction, and the extension direction of the end beam is the front-back direction; the left and right ends of the modular tooling are flexibly connected to a lifting positioner respectively, and the modular tooling is arranged on a leveling screw, and the lifting positioner and the leveling screw are seated on the ground.

[0010] Furthermore, the lifting positioner is provided with a first connecting device at one end close to the modular tooling, and the modular tooling is provided with a second connecting device at one end close to the lifting positioner, and the lifting positioner and the modular tooling are flexibly connected via the first connecting device and the second connecting device;

[0011] The first connecting device includes two identical rectangular interfaces provided on the rotary disk of the lifting positioner, the rectangular interfaces including an upper cover plate and a lower groove, an upper screw is provided through the upper cover plate, and a lower screw is provided through the lower plate of the lower groove;

[0012] The second connecting device includes two adjustment seats connected to the outer sides of the end beams, the adjustment seats are provided with two rows of holes with the same row spacing, the outer surface of the adjustment seat is provided with a connecting seat, the connecting seat includes a connecting seat bottom plate, the connecting seat bottom plate is provided with two rows of holes with the same row spacing, the row spacing of holes on the adjustment seat is the same as the row spacing of holes on the connecting seat bottom plate, the connecting seat can be vertically moved arbitrarily on the adjustment seat by n row spacings, the outer surface of the connecting seat bottom plate is provided with an insertion part, the insertion part includes a support part provided on the connecting seat bottom plate for support and an insertion part provided between the support parts for insertion, the position of the insertion part is opposite to the position of the rectangular interface.

[0013] Furthermore, the inserting portion is inserted into the gap between the upper screw and the lower screw;

[0014] When the modular tooling is in the front flat position, the lower screw supports the insertion part, and there is a gap between the insertion part and the upper screw and the left and right walls of the groove;

[0015] When the modular tooling is in a reverse flat position, the upper screw supports the insertion portion, and there is a gap between the insertion portion and the lower screw and the left and right walls of the groove respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, L-shaped plates are provided at both ends of the movable beam, and the L-shaped plates are connected to the inner surfaces and upper T-shaped grooves of the front and rear frame side beams; a full-length T-shaped groove is provided on the upper surface of the movable beam;

[0017] The side beam support is an L-shaped structure, and the side beam support includes a connected first vertical plate and a first horizontal plate, the first vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam, the first horizontal plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the lower surface of the frame side beam, the first horizontal plate is processed with two long holes running through its surface in the length direction, a screw fixing part is provided on the inner surface of the first vertical plate, and a first screw is longitudinally passed through the screw fixing part; the first vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam through a first pad, and the two surfaces of the first pad that contact the first vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam are designed at a certain angle, and the angle and distance between the surface of the first vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam can be changed by replacing the first pad;

[0018] The cam is connected to the second end of the frame side beam by a second screw thread, and the cam is connected to the first end of the frame side beam by a second screw thread, and the cam is connected to the second end of the frame side beam by a second screw thread.

[0019] Furthermore, the center line pole is provided with a plurality of inverted triangular holes from top to bottom, and the inverted triangular holes are used to insert the powder line.

[0020] Furthermore, the side bearing positioning seat includes a base, a long hole is opened on the base, a hollow structure is respectively provided on the upper surface of the front and rear ends of the base, a positioning pin is provided through the upper part of the hollow structure, and the lower end of the positioning pin is conical.

[0021] Furthermore, both ends of the small end assembly support beam are connected to the T-slots of the two frame side beams, the small end assembly support beam is provided with a T-slot, and two lead screws are provided on the T-slot of the small end assembly support beam.

[0022] The present invention further provides a universal assembly welding method for a locomotive underframe big end, which is implemented based on any one of the above-mentioned universal assembly welding tooling for a locomotive underframe big end, and comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1. Preparation:

[0024] S11. Calculate whether the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end of the target vehicle model is within the allowable range of the lifting positioner. If it is out of tolerance, adjust the upper and lower positions of the connecting seat and the adjusting seat to make the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end within the allowable range. Adjust the upper screw on the upper cover plate to move upward so that a gap is created between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insert. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the frame side beam of the modular tooling is in full contact with the leveling screw. At this time, there is a certain gap between the lower screw in the lower groove and the insert, and the lower screw no longer plays a supporting role. Adjust the leveling screw so that The upper plane of the rectangular frame is horizontal. The side bearing locating seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first cushion block, the second cushion block, and the traction rod seat locating beam are designed and manufactured according to the target vehicle model. The movable beam, the side beam support, the side beam fixture, the small end assembly support beam, the side bearing locating seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first cushion block, the second cushion block, and the traction rod seat locating beam are fixed on the rectangular frame according to the target vehicle model. All side bearing support surfaces are adjusted to the same horizontal plane. All other support surfaces are adjusted to be horizontal and the height difference with the side bearing support surface meets the technical requirements.

[0025] S12. The side bearing assembly is welded together by two side bearing seats and a side bearing beam. A 3D marking instrument is used to carve a transverse reference line on each side bearing seat to form a marking line. A transverse reference line and a longitudinal reference line are also carved on the upper plane of the side bearing beam.

[0026] S13, using a three-dimensional marking instrument, mark the transverse centerline of the traction rod seat 12 on the upper plane of the small end assembly 2 to form a projection line 14 of the transverse centerline of the traction rod seat, and mark the longitudinal reference line 49 of the small end assembly;

[0027] S14. Design and manufacture a large end template using a laser cutting machine, with a longitudinal reference engraved on the large end template;

[0028] S2. Assemble the large end components on the modular tooling according to the assembly process and apply tack welding:

[0029] S21. Hoist the side bearing beam onto the supports of the first and second crossbeam assemblies and level them. Hoist the left and right side bearings onto the modular tooling, inserting the two holes of each side bearing into the locating pins of the side bearing locating seat, and compacting the side bearings with a pressure plate. Use the centerline vertical pole to draw a longitudinal chalk line, and adjust the longitudinal reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the longitudinal chalk line. Adjust the transverse reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the engraved lines of the left and right side bearings, secure and compact the side bearing, and weld tie bars between the two side bearings to reduce lateral shrinkage caused by welding the side bearings.

[0030] S22. Hoist the small end assembly of the large end onto the modular tooling support and level it. Adjust the small end assembly so that the positioning surface on the small end assembly aligns with the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam. Adjust the small end assembly so that the longitudinal reference line coincides with the longitudinal chalk line. Check whether the distance between the projection of the transverse centerline of the traction rod seat and the engraved line of the side bearing seat is out of tolerance. If not, recalibrate the small end assembly level. Secure and tighten the small end assembly.

[0031] S23. Hoist the large end side beam 3 of the large end portion respectively on the side beam support, adjust the large end side beam so that its longitudinal left end contacts and is close to the left end of the small end assembly, preliminarily adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to tighten the large end side beam, lay the large end template on the upper plane of the large end portion and adjust the large end template so that its longitudinal reference coincides with the longitudinal powder line of the modular tooling, align the left end of the large end template with the left end surface of the large end portion, and fix the large end template; adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to make the outer curved part of the upper end of the large end side beam coincide with the large end template; move the second screw on the side beam fixture toward the inside of the modular tooling along the length direction of the second cross plate, and lock the second screw on the side beam fixture to press the large end side beam;

[0032] S24. Apply tack welds to the connections between the small end assembly, the large end side beam, and the side support beam. Install the remaining components on the front of the large end and apply tack welds. Turn the large end 180 degrees, lower the lifting positioner to a convenient operating height, adjust the lower screw on the lower groove and move it upward so that a gap is created between the lower end of the lower screw and the upper plane of the insertion portion. Continue lowering the lifting positioner until the lower plane of the modular tooling frame side beam is fully in contact with the leveling screw. The back of the large end is now horizontal. A certain gap is now left between the upper screw of the upper cover and the insertion portion, and the upper screw no longer provides support. Install the remaining components on the back of the large end. For a center beam type large end, the side support seat needs to be installed at this time.

[0033] S3. Perform 360-degree lifting and flip welding on the large end portion. First, weld the connecting weld between the side bolster and the large end side beam, then weld the other welds. After the connecting weld between the side bolster and the large end side beam cools and shrinks, weld the front weld between the side bolster and the side bolster to reduce lateral shrinkage of the side bolster. The back weld between the side bolster and the side bolster will be postponed until the chassis is flipped over.

[0034] S4. Adjust the screw on the lifting positioner interface upward to create a gap between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insertion part. Lower the lifting positioner until the lower plane of the frame side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, the front side of the tooling and the large end are level. Check and repair the large end. If the reverse side needs to be checked, adjust the tooling and the large end to the reverse side according to the above method.

[0035] S5. Loosen all clamps, remove the pressure plate, loosen the bolts on the positioning pin, and lift out the large end.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0037] The present invention can realize the horizontal adjustment of the front and back sides of the tooling, and realize the integration of large end assembly and flip welding;

[0038] The present invention can realize the assembly and welding of all large-end products on this tooling by replacing a small number of parts, which greatly saves costs and improves production efficiency. Welding in the clamping state of the fixture can also reduce welding deformation and improve product quality. This tooling form has a wide range of applications.

[0039] The present invention moves the assembly welding between the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam to the assembly welding of the large end product (the side bearing seat and the side bearing beam are originally welded into one piece in advance to form a side bearing assembly and then assembled on the large end assembly tooling), thereby improving the assembly accuracy, reducing welding shrinkage deformation, and reducing the resistance to lifting out of the large end.

[0040] The present invention can greatly improve the position manufacturing accuracy between the holes of porous welding products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a front view of the large end of the side beam type.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a front view of the large end of the center beam.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the reverse side of the large end of the center beam.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the reverse side of the large end of the side beam type.

[0046] Figure 5 This is the general assembly drawing of the welding tooling of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 6 This is the interface diagram of the lifting positioner of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the modular tooling interface of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 8This is the interface assembly diagram of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 9 This is the general diagram of the modular tooling of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 10 This is a framework diagram of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 11 This is the center line pole diagram of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 12 Detailed drawing of the side beam support and fixture of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 13 This is a diagram of the side bearing positioning seat of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 14 This is a detailed diagram of the positioning pin connection of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 15 This is a diagram of the side support seat.

[0057] Figure 16 This is a diagram of a side-supporting beam.

[0058] Figure 17 This is the small end assembly drawing.

[0059] Figure 18 For the large end sample.

[0060] In the figure: 1. Upper plane of the large end portion; 2. Assembly of the small end portion; 3. Side beam of the large end portion; 4. Longitudinal centerline of the large end portion; 5. Assembly of the side bearing; 6. Reference plane of the side bearing seat; 7. Transverse centerline of the side bearing seat; 8. Center beam; 9. Cross beam; 10. Side bearing seat; 11. Transverse centerline of the traction rod seat; 12. Traction rod seat; 13. Positioning surface; 14. Projected marking of the transverse centerline of the traction rod seat; 15. Lifting positioner; 16. Modular tooling; 17. Leveling screw; 18. Large end portion with side beam; 19. Upper screw; 20. Lower screw; 21. Rectangular interface; 22. Connecting seat; 23. Adjusting seat; 24. Upper cover plate; 25. Lower groove; 26. Insertion part; 27. Rectangular frame; 28. Center line vertical pole; 29. ​​Moving beam; 30. Side beam support; 31. First crossbeam assembly; 32. Second crossbeam assembly; 33. Side bearing positioning seat; 34. Side beam clamp; 35. Small end assembly support beam; 36. Traction rod seat positioning beam; 37. Frame end beam; 38. Frame side beam; 39. First pad; 40. Second pad; 41. Side bearing seat support surface; 42. Locating pin; 43. Base; 44. Pressure plate; 45. Side bearing seat transverse datum; 46. Marking line; 47. Side bearing beam transverse datum; 48. Side bearing beam longitudinal datum; 49. Small end assembly longitudinal datum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0062] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0064] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The techniques, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant fields may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the techniques, methods and equipment should be considered as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0065] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0066] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below their position devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0067] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention provides a universal assembly welding fixture for the large end of a locomotive underframe, which is mainly composed of two left and right lifting positioners 15, a modular fixture 16, and four leveling screws 17; the left and right lifting positioners and the four leveling screws are all seated on the ground, the modular fixture and the lifting positioner are flexibly connected, the modular fixture can be seated on the four leveling screws, and the four leveling screws can be used to level the modular fixture;

[0069] like Figure 6 The interface diagram of the lifting positioner is shown. Each lifting positioner rotary disk is designed to be equipped with two rectangular interfaces 21 on the left and right. Each interface consists of an upper cover 24 and a lower groove 25. The upper cover and the lower groove can be assembled into one piece by screws, or separated from the lower groove. The upper cover and the lower groove are each equipped with a screw. Figure 7This is a diagram of the modular tooling interface. Two adjustment seats 23 are welded at both ends of the modular tooling in the longitudinal direction. The adjustment seats are provided with two columns of 16 rows of holes with the same row spacing. A connecting seat 22 is installed on each adjustment seat by bolts. The connecting seat is provided with two columns of 8 rows of holes with the same row spacing. Each connecting seat can be adjusted up and down for several row spacings as needed. Each connecting seat is in an inverted T-shape, and the insertion portion is an insertion portion 26. The two insertion portions 26 can be respectively seated in the two grooves of each lifting positioner. The upper and lower screws of the rectangular interface of the positioner and the left and right walls of the rectangular interface can play a limiting support role when the modular tooling is in different flipping positions; Figure 8 The figure shows the interface assembly diagram. When the modular tooling is in the front flat position, the lower screw plays a supporting role. The insertion part 26 of the connecting seat has a gap with the upper screw 19 and the left and right walls of the rectangular interface respectively. The gap is used to prevent the positioner from being damaged due to the asynchronous lifting and rotation of the two positioners. When the modular tooling is in the front flat position, the upper screw can be adjusted upward to leave enough space with the insertion part 26 of the connecting seat. At this time, the leveling screw can be used to level the modular tooling from the front. In batch production, the modular tooling must be leveled after being lifted, flipped and turned over. In order to ensure efficiency, the leveling screw is generally no longer adjusted. It is difficult to ensure the repeatability of the two lifting positioners. This also results in the modular tooling being unable to easily re-contact the four leveling screws after it has been lowered. The upper screws can be adjusted upward to create a large amount of clearance, and a certain amount of sequential downward displacement can occur between the four rectangular interfaces and the four inserts 26 until the modular tooling is in full contact with the four leveling screws and is level again. At this time, the lower screws no longer support the connecting seat inserts 26, and the weight of the modular tooling is entirely borne by the four leveling screws. Similarly, when the modular tooling is in the reverse flat position, the lower screws can also be adjusted upward to create sufficient space between them and the connecting seat inserts 26. In this way, the levelness of the large end portion can be ensured regardless of whether the front or back of the tooling falls on the leveling screws. Figure 5 That is, the modular tooling is placed in the front side. After the modular tooling is rotated 180 degrees by the turntable, the modular tooling will be on the back side.

[0070] like Figure 9 The figure shows the general diagram of modular tooling, which mainly consists of a frame 27, five movable beams 29, ten side beam fixtures 34, ten side beam supports 30, two centerline uprights 28, side bearing positioning seats 33, a first crossbeam assembly 31, and a second crossbeam assembly 32. The two ends of the frame are flexibly connected to two lifting positioners, and can be lifted and turned along with the positioners. Figure 10As shown, it is rectangular, with the long sides being the left and right frame side beams 38, the frame side beams being about 10 meters long and having a rectangular cross-section, and the frame side beams having two full-length T-slots on three sides; the short sides being the two frame end beams 37, and two adjustment seats being welded on the two end beams, each adjustment seat having two columns of 16 rows of holes with the same row spacing, and a connecting seat being installed on each adjustment seat by bolts, and the connecting seat having two columns of 8 rows of holes with the same row spacing, and each connecting seat can be adjusted up and down for several row spacings as needed, and the center of gravity of the flip can be adjusted by this adjustment; an L-shaped plate is welded at each end of the movable beam, which is respectively connected to the T-slots on both sides of the frame side beams, and the five movable beams can be adjusted longitudinally at any position according to the needs of the vehicle model, and each movable beam has two full-length T-slots on it; a centerline upright is installed on each of the two longitudinal movable beams, such as Figure 11 As shown, each centerline pole has several inverted triangle holes from top to bottom. Each triangle hole can be inserted with a powder line. The centerline powder line can be pulled out using the two inverted triangle holes of the two centerline poles according to the height requirements of the vehicle model.

[0071] like Figure 12 The figure shows the detailed drawing of the side beam support and the clamp. The side beam support is L-shaped, with two long holes processed on the bottom surface of the L-shape and four holes processed on the vertical surface, which are connected to the T-slots on both sides of the frame side beam by bolts respectively. The side beam support can be fixed after moving longitudinally and transversely along the frame side beam to ensure support for the side beam of any width vehicle model. The support is provided with a first lead screw, which can be moved up and down to support the side beam and adjust the height; the first pad 39 is connected to the frame side beam on one side and to the vertical surface of the side beam support on the other side. The two surfaces of the first pad can be designed at a certain angle to ensure installation after the support moves transversely and can be at a certain angle to the frame side beam; the lower end of the side beam clamp is L-shaped, with two long holes processed on the bottom surface of the L-shape and two holes processed on the vertical surface, which are connected to the T-slots on both sides of the frame side beam by bolts respectively. The side beam clamp can be fixed after moving longitudinally and transversely along the frame side beam, and the side beam The uppermost end of the clamp is provided with a second screw which can be pressed down vertically, and the second screw can be moved along the length direction of the side beam clamp. The dual movement of the side beam clamp and the second screw which presses down vertically can ensure that the side beams of vehicles of any width are vertically pressed. The middle part of the side beam clamp is designed with four side top screws along its height direction, and the side top screws can be moved along the length direction of the clamp. Two of the four side top screws can be used to tighten the side beams of vehicles of different heights. The second pad 40 is connected to the side beam on one side and to the L-shaped vertical surface at the lower end of the side beam clamp on the other side. The two sides of the second pad can be designed at a certain angle, so that the side beam clamp also forms a certain angle with the side beam after installation to meet the side tightening requirements of curved side beam products. By using side beam supports and side beam clamps, and combining them with specific templates of different vehicle models, the external dimensions of the left and right large end side beams after assembly can be guaranteed.

[0072] like Figure 13The figure shows a side bearing positioning seat, which is mainly composed of a base 43 and four positioning pins 42. The side of the positioning pin is provided with a side bearing seat support surface 41. The base is provided with a long hole, which can be connected to the two moving beams. Two positioning pins are installed above each end of the base to position and support the two side bearing seats of the side bearing assembly. Figure 14 As shown, the locating pin is connected to the base through a locating pin bolt. The lower end of the locating pin is tapered and cooperates with the tapered hole on the base to ensure positioning accuracy. At the same time, when the large end needs to be lifted out, the locating pin bolt can be loosened a certain distance in advance to allow the locating pin to move slightly upward with the large end. At this time, a certain gap can be left between the tapered column and the tapered hole to unload the welding shrinkage stress, and the large end can be lifted out smoothly. A threaded hole is machined on the locating pin bolt, and the pressure plate 44 can tighten the side bearing seat through the bolt. When the hole distances of the side bearing seats of different large ends are different, it is only necessary to redesign and replace the side bearing locating seat.

[0073] The first and second crossbeam assemblies are each attached to two movable beams, each equipped with supports and fixtures. These can be designed to accommodate different vehicle models, allowing only the two crossbeams to be replaced when changing vehicle models. The small end assembly support beam 35 is machined with two T-slots underneath the left and right frame side beams, allowing for longitudinal movement and fixation depending on the vehicle model. The small end assembly support beam is machined with two T-slots and equipped with two lead screws, which support the small end assembly and allow for lateral movement and fixation depending on the vehicle model. The traction rod seat positioning beam 36 is connected to two T-slots underneath the left and right frame side beams, allowing for longitudinal movement and fixation depending on the vehicle model. It is equipped with two positioning blocks to position the traction rod seat. The small end assembly is located at the extreme ends of the locomotive underframe and primarily consists of a traction beam, a traction rod seat, a traction crossbeam, and an impact seat. The traction beam contains a coupler box, which houses the traction buffer and coupler. The traction rod seat is welded to the lower end of the traction beam, the traction crossbeam is welded to the rear end of the traction beam, and the impact seat is welded to the front end of the traction beam.

[0074] In addition to changing the position of the workpiece on the fixture, it is only necessary to replace the side bearing positioning seat, the first beam assembly, the second beam assembly, the first pad, the second pad, and the traction rod seat positioning beam to complete the universal assembly and flip welding of the side beam type large end 18.

[0075] The present invention also provides a universal assembly welding method for the large end of a locomotive underframe, comprising the following steps:

[0076] S1. Preparation:

[0077] S11. Calculate whether the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end of the target vehicle model is within the allowable range of the lifting positioner. If it is out of tolerance, adjust the upper and lower positions of the connecting seat and the adjusting seat so that the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end is within the allowable range, adjust the upper screw of the upper cover plate of the lifting positioner interface to move upward so that the lower end of the screw is at a certain distance from the upper plane of the connecting seat insertion part, and the lifting positioner is lowered until the lower plane of the modular tooling side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, there is a certain gap between the lower screw and the insertion part of the lower groove, and the lower screw no longer plays a supporting role. Adjust the leveling screw to make the upper plane of the rectangular frame horizontal. Design and manufacture the side bearing positioning seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first pad, the second pad, etc. according to the vehicle model. Fix all tooling components on the rectangular frame as needed according to the vehicle model. Adjust all side bearing seat support surfaces to be on the same horizontal plane. Adjust the level of all support surfaces and the height difference with the side bearing seat support surface.

[0078] S12, the side bearing assembly is welded together by two side bearing seats and a side bearing beam, and a three-dimensional marking instrument is used to mark the side bearing seat transverse reference 45 and the marking line 46 of each side bearing seat on the side bearing seat. Figure 15 As shown on both sides, Figure 16 , carve the side support beam transverse reference line 47 and the side support beam longitudinal reference line 48 on the upper plane of the side support beam; the side support beam is enlarged by about 2mm on both sides to compensate for the dimensional deviation caused by welding shrinkage;

[0079] S13, such as Figure 17 As shown, use a three-dimensional marking instrument to carve the center of the traction rod seat horizontally on the upper plane of the small end assembly and mark the longitudinal reference line; the left and right ends are enlarged by about 2mm to compensate for the dimensional deviation caused by welding shrinkage;

[0080] S14, such as Figure 18 , design and use laser cutting machine to make large end template, the template is engraved with longitudinal reference;

[0081] S2. Assemble each component on the modular tooling according to the assembly process and apply tack welding:

[0082] S21. Hoist the side support beam onto the modular fixture support and level it. Hoist the left and right side support seats onto the modular fixture and insert the two holes of each side support seat into the locating pins (the diameter of the locating pins should be slightly smaller than the holes by approximately 0.1-0.2 mm). Compress the side support seats with a pressure plate. Use the centerline vertical pole to draw a longitudinal chalk line and adjust the longitudinal reference line of the side support beam to coincide with the longitudinal chalk line. Adjust the transverse reference line of the side support beam to coincide with the engraved lines of the left and right side support seats. Secure and compress the side support beam. Weld tie bars between the two side support seats to reduce lateral shrinkage caused by welding the side support seats.

[0083] S22. Hoist the small end assembly onto the modular tooling support and level it. Adjust the end so that the positioning surface on the small end assembly aligns with the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam. Adjust the small end assembly so that the longitudinal reference line coincides with the longitudinal chalk line. Check whether the distance between the projection of the transverse centerline of the traction rod seat and the marking line of the side bearing seat is out of tolerance. If not, recalibrate the level of the small end assembly. If appropriate, leave a small gap between the positioning surface on the small end assembly and the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam. Secure and tighten the small end assembly.

[0084] S23. Hoist the left and right side beams of the large end respectively on the side beam supports, adjust the left and right side beams of the large end so that their longitudinal left ends contact and are close to the left end of the small end assembly, preliminarily adjust the side top screws on the side beam fixture to tighten the left and right side beams of the large end, lay the large end template on the upper plane of the large end and adjust the large end template so that its longitudinal reference coincides with the longitudinal powder line of the tooling, so that the left end of the large end template is aligned with the left end face of the small end assembly, and fix the large end template; adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to make the outer curved part of the upper end of the side beam coincide with the large end template; select 2 to 3 points in the longitudinal direction to pull the width direction dimension of the curved part of the lower end of the side beam to meet the tolerance requirements; pull the width direction dimension of the other straight side parts of the side beam to meet the tolerance requirements; move the second screw on the side beam fixture along the length direction of the second cross plate toward the inside of the modular tooling, lock the vertical downward pressing screw on the side beam fixture to press the large end side beam;

[0085] S24. Apply tack welds to the connections between the small end assembly, the large end side beam, and the side support beam. Install the remaining components on the front of the large end and apply tack welds. Turn the large end 180 degrees, lower the lifting positioner to a convenient operating height, adjust the lower screw on the lower groove and move it upward so that a gap is created between the lower end of the lower screw and the upper plane of the insertion portion. Continue lowering the lifting positioner until the lower plane of the modular tooling frame side beam is fully in contact with the leveling screw. The back of the large end is now horizontal. A certain gap is now left between the upper screw of the upper cover and the insertion portion, and the upper screw no longer provides support. Install the remaining components on the back of the large end. For a center beam type large end, the side support seat needs to be installed at this time.

[0086] S3. Perform 360-degree lift and flip welding on the large end. First, weld the welds connecting the side bolster and the left and right side beams, then weld the other welds. After the welds connecting the side bolster and the left and right side beams cool and shrink, weld the front welds connecting the side bolster and the side bolster to minimize lateral shrinkage of the side bolster. Delay welding the rear welds connecting the side bolster and the side bolster until the chassis is flipped over.

[0087] S4. After all the large end workpieces are welded, adjust the screws on the lifting positioner interface to move upward so that there is a gap between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insert. The lifting positioner is lowered until the lower plane of the frame side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, the front of the tooling and the large end are level. Check and repair the large end. If the reverse side needs to be checked, adjust the tooling and the large end to the reverse side according to the above method.

[0088] S5. Loosen all clamps, remove the pressure plate, loosen the positioning pin bolts, and lift out the large end.

[0089] Example

[0090] A universal assembly welding method for the large end of a locomotive underframe comprises the following steps:

[0091] S1. Preparation:

[0092] S11. Calculate whether the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end of the target vehicle model is within the allowable range of the lifting positioner. If it is out of tolerance, adjust the upper and lower positions of the connecting seat and the adjusting seat to make the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end within the allowable range. Adjust the screws of the upper cover plate of the lifting positioner interface upward so that the lower end of the screw is 50mm away from the upper plane of the connecting seat insertion part. The lifting positioner is lowered until the lower plane of the tooling side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, there is a certain gap between the lower screw and the insertion part in the lower groove, and the lower screw no longer plays a supporting role. Adjust the leveling screws to make the upper plane of the frame horizontal. Design and manufacture the side bearing locating seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first pad, the second pad, etc. according to the 200 km vehicle model. Fix all tooling components on the frame as needed according to the 200 km vehicle model. Adjust all side bearing seat support surfaces to be on the same horizontal plane. Adjust all other support surfaces to be horizontal and the height difference with the side bearing seat support surface to meet the technical requirements.

[0093] S12, the side bearing assembly is welded together by two side bearing seats and a side bearing beam. Use a three-dimensional marking instrument to mark the horizontal reference of each side bearing seat on the Figure 15 As shown on both sides, Figure 16 , carve out horizontal and vertical reference lines on the upper plane of the side support beam; enlarge the side support beam by about 2mm on both sides to compensate for the dimensional deviation caused by welding shrinkage;

[0094] S13. Use a three-dimensional marking instrument to carve the center of the traction rod seat into the upper plane of the end and mark the longitudinal reference line. The small end is assembled with an allowance of about 2mm on each side to compensate for dimensional deviation caused by welding shrinkage.

[0095] S14, such as Figure 18 , design and use laser cutting machine to make large end template, the template is engraved with longitudinal reference;

[0096] S2. Assemble each component on the modular tooling according to the assembly process and apply tack welding:

[0097] S21. Hoist the side support beam onto the modular fixture support and level it. Hoist the left and right side support seats onto the modular fixture and insert the two holes of each side support seat into the locating pins (the locating pin diameter is 0.1-0.2 mm smaller than the hole diameter, and the distance between the two side support seats is 2 mm larger). Compress the side support seats with a pressure plate. Use the centerline vertical pole to draw a longitudinal chalk line and adjust the longitudinal reference line of the side support beam to coincide with the longitudinal chalk line. Adjust the transverse reference line of the side support beam to coincide with the engraved lines of the left and right side support seats. Secure and compress the side support beam. Weld a tie bar between the two side support seats to reduce lateral shrinkage caused by welding the side support seats.

[0098] S22. Hoist the small end assembly onto the modular tooling support and level it. Adjust the small end assembly so that the positioning surface of the small end assembly aligns with the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam. Adjust the small end assembly so that the longitudinal reference line coincides with the longitudinal chalk line. Check whether the distance between the transverse centerline of the traction rod seat and the engraved line of the side bearing seat is out of tolerance. If not, recalibrate the end level. If appropriate, ensure that the positioning surface of the small end assembly and the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam are within 2 mm. Secure and tighten the small end assembly.

[0099] S23. Hoist the left and right side beams of the large end respectively on the side beam supports, adjust the left and right side beams of the large end so that their longitudinal left ends contact and are close to the left end of the small end assembly, preliminarily adjust the side top screws on the side beam fixture to tighten the left and right side beams of the large end, lay the large end template on the upper plane of the large end and adjust the large end template so that its longitudinal reference coincides with the longitudinal powder line of the tooling, so that the left end of the large end template is aligned with the left end face of the small end assembly, and fix the large end template; adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to make the outer curved part of the upper end of the side beam coincide with the large end template; select 2 to 3 points in the longitudinal direction to pull the width direction dimension of the curved part of the lower end of the side beam to meet the tolerance requirements; pull the width direction dimension of the other straight side parts of the side beam to meet the tolerance requirements; move the second screw on the side beam fixture along the length direction of the second cross plate toward the inside of the modular tooling, lock the vertical downward pressing screw on the side beam fixture to press the large end side beam;

[0100] S24. Apply tack welds to the connections between the small end assembly, the large end side beam, and the side support beam. Install the remaining components on the front of the large end and apply tack welds. Turn the large end 180 degrees, lower the lifting positioner to a convenient operating height, adjust the lower screw on the lower groove and move it upward so that a gap is created between the lower end of the lower screw and the upper plane of the insertion portion. Continue lowering the lifting positioner until the lower plane of the modular tooling frame side beam is fully in contact with the leveling screw. The back of the large end is now horizontal. A certain gap is now left between the upper screw of the upper cover and the insertion portion, and the upper screw no longer provides support. Install the remaining components on the back of the large end. For a center beam type large end, the side support seat needs to be installed at this time.

[0101] S3. Perform 360-degree lift and flip welding on the large end. First, weld the welds connecting the side bolster and the left and right side beams, then weld the other welds. After the welds connecting the side bolster and the left and right side beams cool and shrink, weld the front welds connecting the side bolster and the side bolster to minimize lateral shrinkage of the side bolster. Delay welding the rear welds connecting the side bolster and the side bolster until the chassis is flipped over.

[0102] S4. After all the large end workpieces are welded, adjust the screws on the upper cover plate of the lifting positioner interface and move it upward so that the lower end of the screw is 50 mm away from the upper plane of the connector insert. Lower the lifting positioner until the lower plane of the tooling side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this point, the tooling and the large end are level on the front side. Check and repair the large end. If the reverse side needs to be checked, adjust the tooling and the large end on the reverse side according to the above method.

[0103] S5. Loosen all clamps, remove the pressure plate, loosen the positioning pin bolts, and lift out the large end.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe, characterized by: It includes a lifting positioner (15), a modular tooling (16) and a leveling screw (17); The modular tooling (16) includes a rectangular frame (27), a small end assembly support beam (35), a movable beam (29), a side beam fixture (34), a side beam support (30), a center line vertical pole (28), a side bearing positioning seat (33), a first crossbeam assembly (31), and a second crossbeam assembly (32); the two long beams of the rectangular frame (27) are frame side beams (38), and the two short beams of the rectangular frame (27) are frame end beams (37); the upper surface, the lower surface, and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) are respectively provided with T-shaped grooves, and there are a plurality of movable beams (29), and the two ends of a movable beam (29) are respectively connected to the frame side beams (38) on both sides; among the plurality of movable beams (29), the most A centerline vertical rod (28) is provided on the upper surface of the two outer movable beams (29); a plurality of side beam supports (30) and side beam clamps (34) are provided on the frame side beam (38); the side bearing positioning seat (33) is provided on two adjacent movable beams (29); the base (43) of the side bearing positioning seat (33) is parallel to the movable beam (29); the first crossbeam assembly (31) is provided on two adjacent movable beams (29) on one side of the side bearing positioning seat (33), and the second crossbeam assembly (32) is provided on two adjacent movable beams (29) on the other side of the side bearing positioning seat (33); the first crossbeam assembly (31) and the second crossbeam assembly (32) are provided perpendicularly to the movable beam (29); The extension direction of the frame side beam (38) is the left-right direction, and the extension direction of the frame end beam (37) is the front-back direction; the left and right ends of the modular tooling (16) are flexibly connected to a lifting positioner (15), respectively, and the lifting positioner (15) rotates the modular tooling (16) 180 degrees through a rotary disk, and the modular tooling (16) is set on a leveling screw (17), and the lifting positioner (15) and the leveling screw (17) are seated on the ground; The lifting positioner (15) is provided with a first connecting device at one end close to the modular tooling (16), and the modular tooling (16) is provided with a second connecting device at one end close to the lifting positioner (15). The lifting positioner (15) and the modular tooling (16) are flexibly connected via the first connecting device and the second connecting device. The first connecting device comprises two identical rectangular interfaces (21) provided on the rotary disk of the lifting positioner (15), the rectangular interface (21) comprising an upper cover plate (24) and a lower groove (25), an upper screw (19) being provided through the upper cover plate (24), and a lower screw (20) being provided through the lower plate of the lower groove (25); The second connecting device comprises two adjustment seats (23) connected to the outside of the frame end beam (37); The insertion portion (26) of the connecting seat (22) is inserted into the gap between the upper screw (19) and the lower screw (20); When the modular tooling (16) is in a front-facing flat position, the lower screw (20) supports the inserting portion (26), and the inserting portion (26) has gaps with the upper screw (19) and the left and right walls of the groove respectively; When the modular tooling (16) is in a reverse flat position, the upper screw (19) supports the inserting portion (26), and the inserting portion (26) has gaps with the lower screw (20) and the left and right walls of the groove respectively; Whether the modular tooling (16) falls on the leveling screw with its front side or its back side, the level of the large end portion can be ensured.

2. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting seat (23) is provided with two rows of holes with the same row spacing, and a connecting seat (22) is provided on the outer surface of the adjusting seat (23). The connecting seat (22) includes a connecting seat bottom plate, and two rows of holes with the same row spacing are provided on the connecting seat bottom plate. The row spacing of the holes on the adjusting seat (23) is the same as the row spacing of the holes on the connecting seat bottom plate. The connecting seat (22) can be vertically moved on the adjusting seat (23) by any n row spacing distances. An insertion portion is provided on the outer surface of the connecting seat bottom plate, and the insertion portion includes a support portion provided on the connecting seat bottom plate for supporting and an insertion portion (26) provided between the support portions for inserting. The position of the insertion portion (26) is opposite to the position of the rectangular interface (21).

3. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1, characterized in that: L-shaped plates are provided at both ends of the movable beam (29), and the L-shaped plates are connected to the inner surfaces and upper T-shaped grooves of the front and rear frame side beams (38); a full-length T-shaped groove is provided on the upper surface of the movable beam (29); The side beam support (30) is an L-shaped structure, and the side beam support (30) includes a first vertical plate and a first horizontal plate connected to each other, the first vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam (38), the first horizontal plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the lower surface of the frame side beam (38), and the first horizontal plate is processed with two long holes running through its surface in the length direction, and a screw fixing member is provided on the inner surface of the first vertical plate, and a first screw is longitudinally passed through the screw fixing member; the first vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) through a first pad (39), and the two surfaces of the first pad contacting the first vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) are designed to be at a certain angle, and the angle and distance between the surface of the first vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) can be changed by replacing the first pad (39); The lower end of the side beam fixture (34) is an L-shaped structure, and the lower end of the side beam fixture (34) includes a second vertical plate and a second horizontal plate connected to each other, the second vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam (38), the second horizontal plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the upper surface of the frame side beam (38), and the second horizontal plate is processed with two long holes running through its surface in the length direction; the upper surface of the second horizontal plate is connected to the lower surfaces of the two third vertical plates, and the inner surfaces of the two third vertical plates are connected by a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is perpendicular to the third vertical plate. The upper end of the third vertical plate is provided with a second The second screw is vertically arranged and can move along the length direction of the second horizontal plate. A plurality of side screws are sequentially arranged through the middle of the connecting plate along its height direction. The direction of the side screw is perpendicular to the surface of the third vertical plate. The second vertical plate is connected to the T-shaped groove on the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) through the second pad (40). The two surfaces of the second pad in contact with the second vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) are designed to be at a certain angle. By replacing the second pad (40), the angle and distance between the surface of the second vertical plate and the inner surface of the frame side beam (38) can be changed.

4. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center line upright pole (28) is provided with a plurality of inverted triangular holes from top to bottom, and the inverted triangular holes are used to pass the powder line.

5. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side bearing positioning seat (33) includes a base (43), a long hole is opened on the base (43), and a hollow structure is respectively provided on the upper surface of the front and rear ends of the base (43), and a positioning pin (42) is provided through the upper part of the hollow structure, and the lower end of the positioning pin (42) is tapered.

6. The universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the small end assembly support beam (35) are connected to the T-slots of the two frame side beams (38). The small end assembly support beam (35) is provided with a T-slot, and two lead screws are provided on the T-slot of the small end assembly support beam (35).

7. A universal welding method for the large end of a locomotive underframe, implemented based on the universal welding tool for the large end of a locomotive underframe according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Preparation: S11. Calculate whether the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end of the target vehicle model is within the allowable range of the lifting positioner. If it is out of tolerance, adjust the upper and lower positions of the connecting seat and the adjusting seat to make the overall rotational eccentric moment of the modular tooling and the large end within the allowable range. Adjust the upper screw on the upper cover plate to move upward so that a gap is created between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insert. The lifting positioner descends until the lower plane of the frame side beam of the modular tooling is in full contact with the leveling screw. At this time, a certain gap is left between the lower screw of the lower groove and the insert, and the lower screw no longer plays a supporting role. Adjust the leveling screw to make the rectangular frame The upper plane is horizontal, and the side bearing locating seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first pad, the second pad, and the traction rod seat locating beam are designed and manufactured according to the target vehicle model. The moving beam, the side beam support, the side beam fixture, the small end assembly support beam, the side bearing locating seat, the first crossbeam assembly, the second crossbeam assembly, the first pad, the second pad, and the traction rod seat locating beam are fixed on the rectangular frame according to the target vehicle model. All the side bearing seat support surfaces (41) are adjusted to be on the same horizontal plane, and all other support surfaces are adjusted to be on the horizontal plane and the height difference with the side bearing seat support surface (41) meets the technical requirements; S12, the side bearing assembly is formed by welding two side bearing seats and a side bearing beam, and a lateral reference of each side bearing seat is engraved on both sides of the side bearing seat to form a line (46) using a three-dimensional marking instrument, and a lateral reference line and a longitudinal reference line are engraved on the upper plane of the side bearing beam; S13, using a three-dimensional marking instrument to mark the transverse center line of the traction rod seat on the upper plane of the small end assembly to form a projection line (14) of the transverse center line of the traction rod seat, and mark the longitudinal reference line; S14. Design and manufacture a large end template using a laser cutting machine, with a longitudinal reference engraved on the large end template; S2. Assemble the large end components on the modular tooling according to the assembly process and apply tack welding: S21. Hoist the side bearing beam onto the supports of the first and second crossbeam assemblies and level them. Hoist the left and right side bearings onto the modular tooling, inserting the two holes of each side bearing into the locating pins of the side bearing locating seat, and compacting the side bearings with a pressure plate. Use the centerline vertical pole to draw a longitudinal chalk line, and adjust the longitudinal reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the longitudinal chalk line. Adjust the transverse reference line of the side bearing beam to coincide with the engraved lines of the left and right side bearings, secure and compact the side bearing, and weld tie bars between the two side bearings to reduce lateral shrinkage caused by welding the side bearings. S22. Hoist the small end assembly of the large end onto the modular tooling support and level it. Adjust the small end assembly so that the positioning surface on the small end assembly aligns with the positioning block of the traction rod seat positioning beam. Adjust the small end assembly so that the longitudinal reference line coincides with the longitudinal chalk line. Check whether the distance between the projection of the transverse centerline of the traction rod seat and the engraved line of the side bearing seat is out of tolerance. If not, recalibrate the small end assembly level. Secure and tighten the small end assembly. S23. Hoist the large end side beams of the large end portion respectively on the side beam supports, adjust the large end side beam so that its longitudinal left end contacts and is close to the left end of the small end assembly, preliminarily adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture to tighten the large end side beam, lay the large end template on the upper plane of the large end portion and adjust the large end template so that its longitudinal reference coincides with the longitudinal powder line of the modular tooling, align the left end of the large end template with the left end surface of the small end assembly, and fix the large end template; adjust the side top screw on the side beam fixture so that the outer curved portion of the upper end of the large end side beam coincides with the large end template; move the second screw on the side beam fixture toward the inside of the modular tooling along the length direction of the second cross plate, and lock the second screw to press the large end side beam; S24. Apply tack welds to the connections between the small end assembly, the large end side beam, and the side support beam. Install the remaining components on the front of the large end and apply tack welds. Turn the large end 180 degrees, lower the lifting positioner to a convenient operating height, adjust the lower screw on the lower groove and move it upward so that a gap is created between the lower end of the lower screw and the upper plane of the insertion portion. Continue lowering the lifting positioner until the lower plane of the modular tooling frame side beam is fully in contact with the leveling screw. The back of the large end is now horizontal. A certain gap is now left between the upper screw of the upper cover and the insertion portion, and the upper screw no longer provides support. Install the remaining components on the back of the large end. For a center beam type large end, the side support seat needs to be installed at this time. S3. Perform 360-degree lifting and flip welding on the large end portion. First, weld the connecting weld between the side bolster and the large end side beam, then weld the other welds. After the connecting weld between the side bolster and the large end side beam cools and shrinks, weld the front weld between the side bolster and the side bolster to reduce lateral shrinkage of the side bolster. The back weld between the side bolster and the side bolster will be postponed until the chassis is flipped over. S4. Adjust the screw on the lifting positioner interface upward to create a gap between the lower end of the upper screw and the upper plane of the insertion part. Lower the lifting positioner until the lower plane of the frame side beam is in contact with all four leveling screws. At this time, the front side of the tooling and the large end are level. Check and repair the large end. If the reverse side needs to be checked, adjust the tooling and the large end to the reverse side according to the above method. S5. Loosen all clamps, remove the pressure plate, loosen the bolts on the positioning pin, and lift out the large end.

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