Fertilizer produced from agriculture, forestry and breeding wastes and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilizer produced from agriculture, forestry and breeding wastes and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting the agriculture and forestry wastes, removing impurities, disinfecting and sterilizing, soaking in alkali liquor, filtering after enzymolysis, concentrating filtrate for later use, and reserving filter residues for later use; 2, collecting livestock manure and breeding wastewater, mixing all the livestock manure and the breeding wastewater, sterilizing, filtering, fermenting filtrate, and mixing the fermented filtrate with the filtrate in the step 1 to obtain a liquid fertilizer; step 3, mixing the filter residues with the filter residues in the step 1, drying to constant weight, crushing, sieving, and fermenting to obtain an organic fertilizer; the fertilizer is prepared from agriculture and forestry and breeding waste, the purpose of waste recovery is achieved, the resource utilization rate is increased, and the preparation method is simple, convenient to operate, low in treatment cost and friendly to areas with weak economic bases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and in particular to a fertilizer produced from agricultural, forestry and breeding wastes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production and the increase in population, organic waste has increased year by year. Traditional treatment methods such as straw burning and direct discharge of aquaculture wastewater have been gradually eliminated because they seriously pollute the air and water environment and do not conform to the concept of green environmental protection.

[0003] At present, the harmless treatment methods for agricultural and forestry waste and aquaculture waste include biogasification, biodegradation, feed treatment and combination of planting and breeding. However, the above methods all have certain defects. Biogasification can convert organic waste into biogas, which can be used as energy to reduce the consumption of fossil energy. However, the temperature and pH value need to be strictly controlled during the fermentation process, the operation is relatively complicated, and the generated biogas needs to have certain safety hazards. Biodegradation can effectively remove organic substances such as ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, and the treated water can be reused or discharged to reduce environmental pollution. However, the required equipment is expensive, and has high requirements for operation and management, and the subsequent maintenance cost is high, which is difficult to afford in some areas with weak economic foundations. Feed treatment can convert agricultural and forestry waste into animal feed, reduce environmental pollution and reduce feed costs, but the treatment effect on aquaculture waste is limited. The fertilization period of combination of planting and breeding is relatively concentrated, and the storage cost is high, which is not suitable for real-time treatment.

[0004] Composting can effectively convert agricultural waste and livestock waste into organic fertilizer, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, facilitate storage and transportation, and has low processing costs, which is more friendly to rural areas. Therefore, providing a method for preparing fertilizer using agricultural, forestry and livestock waste has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a fertilizer produced from agricultural, forestry and breeding wastes and a preparation method thereof, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, collecting agricultural and forestry waste and removing impurities, rinsing the surface with clean water, and then steam sterilizing at 110-130°C for 1-1.5 hours, drying the surface moisture after taking out, and mixing with alkali solution at a mass ratio of 1:5 and soaking for 10-12 hours, washing the residual alkali solution on the surface with clean water after taking out, and then mixing with enzymatic solution at a mass ratio of 1:4 for enzymatic hydrolysis for 3-4 hours, taking out and filtering to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1, the filtrate 1 is concentrated to 15-20% of the original volume and set aside, and the filter residue 1 is set aside;

[0007] Preferably, the agricultural and forestry waste includes straw, rice husks, bark, dead branches and leaves, etc., and impurities such as stones, soil and plastic films are removed, and the soil, sand and dust remaining on the surface are cleaned with clean water.

[0008] Preferably, the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 1.5-2.0%; the enzymatic solution includes a composite enzyme and water in a mass ratio of (1-3): 100. Most preferably, the composite enzyme includes cellulase, hemicellulase, β-glucosidase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 10:8:3:5.

[0009] Step 2, collecting livestock manure and aquaculture wastewater and mixing them all, disinfecting and filtering to obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2, adding composite bacteria 1 to filtrate 2 and fermenting them alternately aerobically and anaerobicly at 30-40° C. for a total of 8-12 hours, and mixing them with filtrate 1 after the fermentation is completed to obtain liquid fertilizer;

[0010] Step three, mixing the filter residue one and the filter residue two and drying them at 70-80° C. to constant weight, crushing and sieving to obtain powder, adding water to the powder until the moisture content is 70-80%, and then adding composite bacteria to aerobic fermentation for 6-8 hours to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0011] Preferably, the disinfection treatment in step 2 is to introduce a disinfectant gas at a dosage of 1-2 g / m3 / h for a time of 1-1.5 h. Most preferably, the disinfectant gas is chlorine dioxide or ozone.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the filtrate 2 to the composite bacterial agent 1 is 1000:(1-2). Most preferably, the composite bacteria 1 includes nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus and yeast in a mass ratio of 5:5:2:3.

[0013] Preferably, in step 2, the aerobic fermentation is performed for 1-2 hours followed by anaerobic fermentation for 0.5-1 hour.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of the powder to the composite bacteria 2 in step 3 is 1000:(1-2). Most preferably, the composite bacteria 2 includes nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and yeast in a mass ratio of 4:5:2.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] (1) Soaking can separate the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the straw, destroy the ester bonds or ether bonds, swell the cellulose molecules, dissolve part of the hemicellulose and lignin, and improve the efficiency of subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis.

[0017] (2) Enzymatic hydrolysis of straw can decompose macromolecular organic matter such as lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose in straw into small molecular organic matter. The liquid after enzymatic hydrolysis can be used as organic liquid fertilizer, which is easy for plants to absorb. The residue after enzymatic hydrolysis still contains a large amount of organic matter and can be used as organic fertilizer after composting and fermentation.

[0018] (3) Poultry and livestock manure and aquaculture wastewater contain large amounts of ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, bacteria and viruses. After disinfection, solid-liquid separation and fermentation, bacteria and viruses and other microorganisms are removed, which improves the efficiency of subsequent fermentation. After solid-liquid fermentation, the macromolecular organic matter in the manure can be degraded, and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater can be removed, and liquid fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be produced respectively, thereby improving resource utilization.

[0019] (4) The present invention utilizes agricultural, forestry and breeding waste to produce fertilizer, thereby achieving the purpose of waste recycling and improving resource utilization. In addition, the preparation method is simple, the operation is convenient, the processing cost is low, and it is friendly to areas with weak economic foundations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] Step 1, collect straw, rice husk, bark and dead branches and leaves, etc., remove impurities such as stones, soil and plastic film, clean the soil, sand and dust remaining on the surface with clean water, then steam sterilize at 120°C for 1.5h, dry the surface moisture after taking it out, and mix it with a mass fraction of 2.0% sodium hydroxide solution at a mass ratio of 1:5 and soak it for 12h at a temperature of 85°C, and then clean the surface sodium hydroxide solution with clean water after taking it out, and then mix it with the enzymolysis solution at a mass ratio of 1:4 for enzymolysis for 4h at a temperature of 55°C, and filter it after taking it out to obtain a filtrate and a residue, and the filtrate is concentrated to 20% of the original volume and set aside, and the residue is set aside. The enzymolysis solution includes a composite enzyme and water in a mass ratio of 1:100. The composite enzyme includes cellulase, hemicellulase, β-glucosidase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 10:8:3:5.

[0023] Step 2: Collect livestock manure and aquaculture wastewater, mix them all, and introduce ozone at a dosage of 1-2g / m 3 / h, time 1.5h, after filtering, obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2, add composite bacteria 1 to filtrate 2 and perform aerobic and anaerobic alternating fermentation at 35°C for a total of 12h, wherein aerobic fermentation is 1-2h and anaerobic fermentation is 0.5-1h, after fermentation, mix with filtrate 1 to obtain liquid fertilizer; the mass ratio of filtrate 2 to composite bacterial agent 1 is 1000:1. The composite bacteria 1 includes nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and yeast, and the mass ratio is 5:5:2:3.

[0024] Step 3, the filter residue 1 and the filter residue 2 are mixed and dried at 75°C to constant weight, crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain powder, water is added to the powder until the moisture content is 75%, and then the composite bacteria 2 is added for aerobic fermentation for 8 hours to obtain organic fertilizer. The mass ratio of the powder to the composite bacteria 2 is 1000:1. The composite bacteria 2 includes nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and yeast in a mass ratio of 4:5:2.

[0025] Test Example 1

[0026] Some field soil was taken and sent to a local testing center to test the nutrient content of the field soil. The results are shown in Table 1. The field soil was evenly divided into two groups, each group weighing 1 kg. 16 g of the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 and 4 g of the organic liquid fertilizer prepared in Example 1 were applied to each group of soil every 7 days, and the process was repeated 3 times. After 30 days, each group of soil was sent to a local testing center to test the nutrient content of the soil. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0027] Table 1

[0028] Nutrient content before fertilization Nutrient content after fertilization Total nitrogen (g / kg) 4.37 6.91 Alkaline nitrogen (mg / kg) 213.07 688.19 Available potassium (mg / kg) 116.33 341.62 Available phosphorus (mg / kg) 16.79 129.08 Organic matter (g / kg) 107.92 139.55

[0029] As can be seen from Table 1, the fertilizer prepared by the present invention can effectively increase the content of organic matter in the soil, and can significantly increase the content of total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in the soil. It can be seen that the fertilizer prepared by the present invention can effectively improve soil fertility and have a positive effect on the growth of crops.

[0030] Test Example 2

[0031] Take some field soil and divide it into two groups, 1000 kg in each group, and sow 1000 rice seeds. The control group manages rice in full accordance with the method described in "Green High-yield and High-efficiency Technology for Rice" (Edited by Zhang Yu and Hu Zhigang). In the experimental group, except that the type of organic fertilizer used was the fertilizer prepared in Example 1, the rest of the methods (including the amount of organic fertilizer) were used to manage rice in full accordance with the method described in "Green High-yield and High-efficiency Technology for Rice" (Edited by Zhang Yu and Hu Zhigang). When the fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was applied, the mass ratio of organic fertilizer to organic liquid fertilizer was 4:1. The plant height was measured every 20 days until 100d, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0032] Table 2

[0033] Plant height of control group (cm) Plant height of experimental group (cm) 20d 22.19 34.09 40d 56.46 73.33 60d 67.12 88.20 80d 80.21 100.03 100d 87.33 109.41

[0034] It can be seen from Table 2 that the fertilizer prepared by the present invention can effectively promote the growth of crops and improve the quality of crops compared with existing organic fertilizers.

[0035] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing fertilizer from agricultural, forestry and breeding waste, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, collect agricultural and forestry waste and remove impurities, rinse the surface with clean water, then steam sterilize at 110-130°C for 1-1.5h, take out and dry the surface moisture, mix with alkali solution at a mass ratio of 1:5 and soak for 10-12h, take out and wash the residual alkali solution on the surface with clean water, then mix with enzymatic solution at a mass ratio of 1:4 and perform enzymolysis for 3-4h at a temperature of 80-90°C, take out and filter to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1, filtrate 1 is concentrated to 15-20% of the original volume and set aside, and filter residue 1 is set aside; Step 2, collecting livestock manure and aquaculture wastewater and mixing them all, disinfecting and filtering to obtain filtrate 2 and filter residue 2, adding composite bacteria 1 to filtrate 2 and fermenting them alternately aerobically and anaerobicly at 30-40° C. for a total of 8-12 hours, and mixing them with filtrate 1 after the fermentation is completed to obtain liquid fertilizer; Step three, mixing the filter residue one and the filter residue two and drying them at 70-80° C. to constant weight, crushing and sieving to obtain powder, adding water to the powder until the moisture content is 70-80%, and then adding composite bacteria to aerobic fermentation for 6-8 hours to obtain organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing fertilizer from agricultural, forestry and breeding waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agricultural and forestry wastes in step 1 are one or more of straw, rice husk, bark and dead branches and leaves.

3. The method for preparing fertilizer from agricultural, forestry and breeding waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkali solution in step 1 is a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 1.5-2.0%.

4. The method for preparing agricultural, forestry and aquaculture waste fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzymatic hydrolysis solution in step 1 includes complex enzyme and water, and the mass ratio is (1-3):

100.

5. The method for preparing agricultural, forestry and breeding waste fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The complex enzyme comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, beta-glucosidase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 10:8:3:

5.

6. The method for preparing fertilizer from agricultural, forestry and breeding waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the filtrate 2 to the composite bacterial agent 1 in step 2 is 1000:(1-2); the mass ratio of the powder to the composite bacteria 2 in step 3 is 1000:(1-2).

7. The method for preparing fertilizer from agricultural, forestry and breeding waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite bacteria 1 includes nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and yeast in a mass ratio of 5:5:2:3; the composite bacteria 2 includes nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and yeast in a mass ratio of 4:5:

2.

8. The method for preparing fertilizer from agricultural, forestry and breeding waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection treatment in step 2 is to pass disinfectant gas at a dosage of 1-2 g / m 3 / h, time 1-1.5h.

9. The method for preparing fertilizer from agricultural, forestry and breeding waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, aerobic fermentation is performed for 1-2 hours followed by anaerobic fermentation for 0.5-1 hour.

10. A fertilizer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.