Flame retardant heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of coatings, and specifically discloses a flame retardant heat-insulating sound-insulating coating and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following components by weight: 80-100 parts of styrene-acrylic emulsion, 30-40 parts of deionized water, 10-15 parts of modified heat-insulating particles, 20-25 parts of sound-insulating particles, 2-5 parts of flame retardant; 15-20 parts of filler, 2-3 parts of dispersant; 1-1.5 parts of defoamer, 1-2 parts of thickener, 4-5 parts of film-forming agent; wherein the modified heat-insulating particles are modified silica aerogel. The present invention can solve the problem of reduced thermal insulation performance of water-based coatings caused by agglomeration and collapse of aerogel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coatings, and in particular to a flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Building materials have higher and higher requirements for environmental protection. Therefore, the base materials used in current coatings are basically water-based emulsions, and then corresponding functional additives are added according to the performance requirements of the coatings. For flame-retardant, thermal insulation and sound insulation coatings, flame retardants, thermal insulation materials and sound insulation materials need to be added to the coating base materials.

[0003] Aerogel has excellent thermal insulation performance due to its special nanoporous structure; therefore, it can be used as a thermal insulation material for coatings. However, aerogel has the following problems in water-based coatings:

[0004] 1) It easily absorbs water, causing the collapse of the network structure; 2) The high specific surface area and surface free energy make it easy to agglomerate in aqueous emulsions.

[0005] The agglomeration and collapse of aerogel will lead to the reduction of thermal insulation performance. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a flame retardant heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem of reduced heat-insulating performance of water-based coatings caused by agglomeration and collapse of aerogels.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0009] 80-100 parts of styrene acrylic emulsion, 30-40 parts of deionized water, 10-15 parts of modified thermal insulation particles, 20-25 parts of sound insulation particles, 2-5 parts of flame retardant; 15-20 parts of filler, 2-3 parts of dispersant; 1-1.5 parts of defoamer, 1-2 parts of thickener, 4-5 parts of film-forming agent;

[0010] Among them, the modified thermal insulation particles are modified silica aerogels, and the preparation process of the modified silica aerogels is as follows:

[0011] S1, preparing a modified solution: adding vinyl triethoxysilane and trifluoropropylmethyldichlorosilane to a vinyl resin to form a mixed solution, and then adding nano-metal particles to the mixed solution to obtain a modified solution;

[0012] S2, preparing silica sol;

[0013] S3, adding the modified solution to the silica sol; stirring and mixing for 2-3 hours to obtain a modified silica sol;

[0014] S4. Spray-drying the modified silica sol to obtain modified thermal insulation particles.

[0015] The styrene acrylic emulsion of the invention is an environmentally friendly water-based emulsion, and the flame-retardant heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating prepared by using the styrene acrylic emulsion as a base material can be used for indoor decoration.

[0016] The modified thermal insulation particles of the present invention are modifications of existing silica aerogels. The modification is carried out by adding a modification solution to the silica sol during the preparation of the silica aerogel particles. The modified thermal insulation particles prepared by the modification not only have the thermal insulation effect of the silica aerogel, but also can reduce the risk of collapse and agglomeration of the silica aerogel in the styrene-acrylic emulsion, thereby improving the thermal insulation effect of the flame retardant, thermal insulation and sound insulation coating.

[0017] The sound-insulating particles of the present invention are used to achieve the sound-insulating effect of the coating, and the flame retardant is used to achieve the flame-retardant effect of the coating.

[0018] In summary, the present invention can not only achieve the thermal insulation, sound insulation and flame retardant effects of the coating, but also solve the problem of reduced thermal insulation performance of the water-based coating caused by agglomeration and collapse of the aerogel.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the total amount of vinyl triethoxysilane and trifluoropropylmethyldichlorosilane is 50% by weight of the vinyl resin.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the weight ratio of trifluoropropylmethyldichlorosilane to vinyltriethoxysilane is 1:(2-3).

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the amount of the nano metal particles added is 25-30% by weight of the vinyl resin.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the nano metal particles include at least one of nano titanium oxide, nano aluminum oxide, and nano zinc oxide.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, when adding the nano metal particles, carbon black or carbon nanotubes are also added; the weight ratio of carbon black or carbon nanotubes to the nano metal particles is 1:(4-5).

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the preparation process of silica sol is:

[0025] The silicon source is dissolved in a solvent, and then an acid or base catalyst is added to promote hydrolysis and polycondensation of the silicon source to form a silicon-oxygen network structure to obtain a silica sol.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the amount of the modified solution added is 20-30% based on the weight of the silica sol.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the sound insulation particles are modified vitrified microspheres; the preparation process of the modified vitrified microspheres is as follows:

[0028] Nano-silicon dioxide is dissolved in styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion and stirred evenly to obtain nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, and then glass microspheres are immersed in the nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, slowly stirred, immersed at -5°C and then dried to obtain the modified glass microspheres; wherein the weight ratio of styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, glass microspheres and nano-silicon dioxide is 1:0.3:0.1.

[0029] A method for preparing a flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step 1), add styrene acrylic emulsion into a stirring tank and stir, then add dispersant, defoamer and film-forming agent in sequence and stir to make each additive evenly dispersed in the styrene acrylic emulsion;

[0031] Step 2), add filler, flame retardant, modified heat insulation particles and sound insulation particles, increase the stirring speed and continue stirring to make the components evenly dispersed;

[0032] Step 3), add deionized water and thickener to adjust the consistency, and then pass through a colloid mill to obtain a flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0034] The present invention simultaneously adds modified heat-insulating particles, sound-insulating particles and a flame retardant into an aqueous base material styrene-acrylic emulsion; the heat-insulating, sound-insulating and flame-retardant effects of the coating can be achieved; and the modified heat-insulating particles of the present invention are modified by adding a modified solution into a silica sol during the preparation of the silica aerogel particles, and the prepared modified heat-insulating particles not only have the heat-insulating and heat-insulating effects of the silica aerogel, but also can reduce the risks of collapse and agglomeration of the silica aerogel in the styrene-acrylic emulsion, thereby improving the heat-insulating effect of the flame-retardant heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. The schematic implementation mode of the present invention and its description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The embodiments described below are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details do not have to be employed to practice the present invention. In other embodiments, in order to avoid confusing the present invention, known structures, materials or methods are not specifically described. The materials, instruments and reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial sources. The technical means used in the examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0037] In order to solve the problem of reduced thermal insulation performance of water-based coatings due to agglomeration and collapse of aerogels, this embodiment provides a flame-retardant thermal insulation and sound insulation coating, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0038] 80-100 parts of styrene acrylic emulsion, 30-40 parts of deionized water, 10-15 parts of modified thermal insulation particles, 20-25 parts of sound insulation particles, 2-5 parts of flame retardant; 15-20 parts of filler, 2-3 parts of dispersant; 1-1.5 parts of defoamer, 1-2 parts of thickener, 4-5 parts of film-forming agent.

[0039] Among them, the modified thermal insulation particles are modified silica aerogels, and the preparation process of the modified silica aerogels is as follows:

[0040] S1. Prepare a modified solution: add vinyl triethoxysilane and trifluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane to a vinyl resin; form a mixed solution, and then add nano metal particles to the mixed solution; obtain a modified solution; the total amount of vinyl triethoxysilane and trifluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane is 50% by weight of the vinyl resin; wherein the weight ratio of trifluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane to vinyl triethoxysilane is 1:(2-3); the amount of nano metal particles added is 25-30% by weight of the vinyl resin; the nano metal particles include at least one of nano titanium oxide, nano aluminum oxide, and nano zinc oxide.

[0041] In the above-mentioned modified solution, vinyl resin is used as a binding material to improve the binding force between vinyl triethoxysilane, trifluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane and nano-metal particles and silica sol; triethoxysilane, trifluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane and nano-metal particles are attached to the surface of the modified thermal insulation particles finally prepared; vinyl triethoxysilane and fluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane can improve the hydrophobicity of the modified thermal insulation particles, and fluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane and nano-metal particles act to improve the surface roughness of the modified thermal insulation particles and reduce the surface energy. Therefore, the modified thermal insulation particles prepared in this embodiment can reduce the risk of collapse and agglomeration of aerogel in water-based coatings, thereby improving the thermal insulation effect of flame-retardant, thermal insulation and sound insulation coatings.

[0042] In a preferred case, when adding nano-metal particles, carbon black or carbon nanotubes are also added; the weight ratio of carbon black or carbon nanotubes to nano-metal particles is 1: (4-5), so that the surface of the prepared modified thermal insulation particles is simultaneously attached with nano-metal particles and carbon black or carbon nanotubes; the roughness of the surface of the modified thermal insulation particles can be significantly increased, and the mechanical strength and adsorption capacity of the aerogel can be improved by carbon black and carbon nanotubes. The improvement of mechanical strength can further reduce the risk of collapse, and the improvement of adsorption capacity can make the modified thermal insulation particles interact more strongly with other components in the coating, and the stability of the coating is better.

[0043] S2. Preparation of silica sol: dissolve the silicon source in a solvent, then add an acid or base catalyst to promote the hydrolysis and polycondensation of the silicon source to form a silicon-oxygen network structure to obtain silica sol. In a specific case, the silicon source is tetraethyl silicate and the solvent is ethanol. The preparation process is: add 80 mL of ethanol (96%) to the reaction bottle; add 20 mL of tetraethyl silicate, stir evenly, add 4 mL of hydrochloric acid (0.01 mol / L), stir at room temperature for 12 hours; promote the hydrolysis and polycondensation of the silicon source to form a silicon-oxygen network structure to obtain silica sol.

[0044] S3. Add the modified solution to the silica sol; stir and mix for 2-3 hours to obtain a modified silica sol; the amount of the modified solution added is 20-30% based on the weight of the silica sol.

[0045] S4. Spray-drying the modified silica sol to obtain modified thermal insulation particles.

[0046] Wherein, the flame retardant is diammonium phosphate.

[0047] Among them, the filler is a mixture of aluminum silicate and rubber particles. Aluminum silicate is an inorganic mineral filler, which not only has a sound insulation effect, but also has a certain flame retardant effect; rubber particles are organic fillers that can enhance the sound absorption effect of the coating.

[0048] Wherein, the dispersant is Allnex6208 dispersant.

[0049] The defoamer is any one of BYK-A555 defoamer and GP330 defoamer.

[0050] The thickener is any one of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose.

[0051] Wherein, the film-forming agent is any one of dodecyl alcohol ester and hexanediol butyl ether acetate.

[0052] The sound insulation particles may be gel particles or vitrified microspheres. In a preferred embodiment, the sound insulation particles are modified vitrified microspheres. The preparation process of the modified vitrified microspheres is as follows:

[0053] Nano-silicon dioxide with a particle size of 50 nm is dissolved in styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion and stirred evenly to obtain nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, and then glass microspheres are immersed in the nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, slowly stirred, immersed at -5°C for 24 hours and then dried to obtain the modified glass microspheres; wherein the weight ratio of styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, glass microspheres and nano-silicon dioxide is 1:0.3:0.1.

[0054] Compared with unmodified glass microspheres, the modified glass microspheres prepared by the above method have better dispersibility in water-based paints and can improve the sound insulation effect of water-based paints.

[0055] The preparation method of the flame retardant heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating comprises the following steps:

[0056] Step 1), add styrene acrylic emulsion into the stirring tank, then add dispersant, defoamer and film-forming agent, and stir at 600 r.min. -1 Stir at a speed of 20 minutes to evenly disperse the additives in the styrene-acrylic emulsion;

[0057] Step 2), add filler, flame retardant, modified thermal insulation particles and sound insulation particles, at 1500r.min -1 Continue stirring at a speed of 20 minutes to make all components disperse evenly;

[0058] Step 3), add deionized water and thickener to adjust the consistency to about 10cm, and then pass through a colloid mill to obtain a flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating.

[0059] In order to better illustrate the technical effect of this embodiment, the following specific cases are used for illustration.

[0060] Embodiment 1:

[0061] A flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0062] 80 parts of styrene acrylic emulsion, 30 parts of deionized water, 10 parts of modified thermal insulation particles, 20 parts of sound insulation particles, 3 parts of flame retardant; 15 parts of filler, 2 parts of dispersant; 1 part of defoamer, 1 part of thickener, and 4 parts of film-forming agent.

[0063] Among them, the modified thermal insulation particles are modified silica aerogels, and the preparation process of the modified silica aerogels is as follows:

[0064] S1. preparing a modified solution: adding vinyl triethoxysilane and trifluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane to a vinyl resin; forming a mixed solution, and then adding nano metal particles to the mixed solution; obtaining a modified solution; the total amount of vinyl triethoxysilane and trifluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane is 50% based on the weight of the vinyl resin; wherein the weight ratio of trifluoropropyl methyl dichlorosilane to vinyl triethoxysilane is 1:2; the amount of the nano metal particles added is 25% based on the weight of the vinyl resin; the nano metal particles are nano titanium oxide;

[0065] S2, preparing silica sol;

[0066] S3. Add the modified solution to the silica sol; stir and mix for 3 hours to obtain a modified silica sol; the amount of the modified solution added is 25% based on the weight of the silica sol.

[0067] S4. Spray-drying the modified silica sol to obtain modified thermal insulation particles.

[0068] The sound insulation particles are modified vitrified microspheres; the preparation process of the modified vitrified microspheres is as follows:

[0069] Nano-silicon dioxide with a particle size of 50 nm is dissolved in styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion and stirred evenly to obtain nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, and then glass microspheres are immersed in the nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, slowly stirred, immersed at -5°C for 24 hours and then dried to obtain the modified glass microspheres; wherein the weight ratio of styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, glass microspheres and nano-silicon dioxide is 1:0.3:0.1.

[0070] Among them, the flame retardant is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the filler is a mixture of aluminum silicate and rubber particles in a weight ratio of 2:1, the dispersant is Allnex6208 dispersant, the defoamer is BYK-A555 defoamer, the thickener is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and the film-forming agent is dodecyl alcohol ester.

[0071] Embodiment 2:

[0072] This embodiment is based on embodiment 1, and the difference from embodiment 1 is that the amount of each component in the formula is different, specifically:

[0073] A flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0074] 100 parts of styrene acrylic emulsion, 35 parts of deionized water, 15 parts of modified thermal insulation particles, 25 parts of sound insulation particles, 5 parts of flame retardant; 20 parts of filler, 3 parts of dispersant; 1.5 parts of defoamer, 2 parts of thickener, and 5 parts of film-forming agent.

[0075] Embodiment 3:

[0076] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that: in the process of preparing the modified silica aerogel, carbon black is added when the nano metal particles are added; the weight ratio of the carbon black to the nano metal particles is 1:4.

[0077] Embodiment 4:

[0078] This embodiment is based on the embodiment 1, and differs from the embodiment 1 in that: in the process of preparing the modified silica aerogel, carbon nanotubes are added when the nano metal particles are added; the weight ratio of the carbon nanotubes to the nano metal particles is 1:4.

[0079] Embodiment 5:

[0080] This embodiment is based on Example 1, and differs from Example 1 in that: in the process of preparing modified silica aerogel, carbon nanotubes and carbon black are also added when nano metal particles are added; the weight ratio of the sum of carbon nanotubes and carbon black to nano metal particles is 1:5; the weight ratio of carbon nanotubes and carbon black is 1:1.

[0081] Comparative Example 1:

[0082] This comparative example is based on Example 1, and the difference from Example 1 is that:

[0083] An equal amount of unmodified silica aerogel particles are used to replace the modified thermal insulation particles. The silica aerogel particles are prepared by spray drying the prepared silica sol.

[0084] Comparative Example 2:

[0085] This comparative example is based on Example 1, and the difference from Example 1 is that:

[0086] The sound insulation particles are replaced with an equal amount of unmodified glass microspheres.

[0087] Comparative Example 3:

[0088] This comparative example is based on Example 1, and differs from Example 1 in that trifluoropropylmethyldichlorosilane is not introduced during the preparation of the modified silica aerogel.

[0089] Comparative Example 4:

[0090] This comparative example is based on Example 1, and differs from Example 1 in that: in the process of preparing the modified silica aerogel, no nano metal particles are introduced.

[0091] Comparative Example 5:

[0092] This comparative example is based on Example 1, and the difference from Example 1 is that:

[0093] In the process of preparing the modified vitrified microspheres, no low temperature treatment is performed. The preparation process of the modified vitrified microspheres is as follows:

[0094] Nano-silicon dioxide with a particle size of 50 nm is dissolved in styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion and stirred evenly to obtain nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, and then vitrified microspheres are immersed in the nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, slowly stirred, immersed at 25° C. for 24 hours and then dried to obtain the modified vitrified microspheres.

[0095] Comparative Example 6:

[0096] This comparative example is based on Example 1, and differs from Example 1 in that the filler is aluminum silicate.

[0097] Comparative Example 7:

[0098] This comparative example is based on Example 1, and differs from Example 1 in that the filler is rubber particles.

[0099] The flame retardant, thermal insulation and sound insulation coatings prepared in the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were subjected to performance tests, and the composite loss factor of the samples at 30° C. was detected with reference to the standard GB / T 16406-1996. A layer of the flame retardant, thermal insulation and sound insulation coating was coated on a metal copper plate to obtain a dry film with a thickness of 2 mm, and the dry film was used as a sample; according to GB / T 10295-2008 "Determination of Steady-State Thermal Resistance and Related Properties of Insulating Materials - Heat Flow Meter Method" determines the thermal conductivity, and refers to the national standard GB / T19889.8-2006 "Acoustic Buildings and Building Components Sound Insulation Measurement Part 8: Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Improvement of Heavy Standard Floor Coverings" for the coating thickness of 3mm and 100mm floor weighted standardized impact sound insulation; fire resistance test, select a specific gas source that can reach 1200℃ to carry out fire resistance test. During the combustion test, adhere the thermocouple to the back of the substrate, test and record the non-coating surface temperature during the 30min combustion process; the whole package test must meet GB 38031-2020, and the specific test results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

[0100] Table 1

[0101]

[0102] Table 2

[0103]

[0104] From the data in Table 1 and Table 2, we can see that:

[0105] 1) Modified silica aerogel particles not only affect the thermal insulation effect of the coating, but also affect the sound insulation and flame retardant effects of the coating. Compared with unmodified silica aerogel particles, they greatly improve the thermal insulation effect of the coating, and can also improve the sound insulation and flame retardant effects of the coating to a certain extent.

[0106] 2) Modified glass microspheres have a greater impact on the sound insulation of coatings than unmodified glass microspheres, and their impact is greater than the impact of modified silica aerogel particles on the sound insulation performance of coatings.

[0107] 3) Low-temperature modification is beneficial to improving the effect of modified glass microspheres on the sound insulation effect of coatings.

[0108] 4) In the process of preparing modified silica aerogel particles, adding carbon black or carbon nanotubes can improve the performance of the modified silica aerogel particles.

[0109] 5) Fillers have a certain influence on the sound insulation effect of coatings. The combined use of aluminum silicate and rubber particles has a greater impact than the use of aluminum silicate or rubber particles alone.

[0110] The above specific implementation methods further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating, characterized in that: It includes the following components by weight: 80-100 parts of styrene acrylic emulsion, 30-40 parts of deionized water, 10-15 parts of modified thermal insulation particles, 20-25 parts of sound insulation particles, 2-5 parts of flame retardant; 15-20 parts of filler, 2-3 parts of dispersant; 1-1.5 parts of defoamer, 1-2 parts of thickener, 4-5 parts of film-forming agent; The modified thermal insulation particles are modified silica aerogels, and the preparation process of the modified silica aerogels is as follows: S1, preparing a modified solution: adding vinyl triethoxysilane and trifluoropropylmethyldichlorosilane to a vinyl resin to form a mixed solution, and then adding nano-metal particles to the mixed solution to obtain a modified solution; The nano-metal particles include at least one of nano-titanium oxide, nano-aluminum oxide and nano-zinc oxide; S2, preparing silica sol; S3, adding the modified solution to the silica sol; stirring and mixing for 2-3 hours to obtain a modified silica sol; S4, spray drying the modified silica sol to obtain the modified thermal insulation particles; The sound insulation particles are modified vitrified microspheres; the preparation process of the modified vitrified microspheres is as follows: Dissolving nano-silicon dioxide in styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion and stirring evenly to obtain nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, then immersing vitrified microspheres in the nano-silicon dioxide emulsion, stirring slowly, soaking at -5°C and then drying; the weight ratio of styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, vitrified microspheres and nano-silicon dioxide is 1:0.3:0.1; The filler is a mixture of aluminum silicate and rubber particles.

2. The flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the total amount of the vinyl triethoxysilane and the trifluoropropylmethyldichlorosilane is 50% by weight of the vinyl resin.

3. The flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the weight ratio of the trifluoropropylmethyldichlorosilane to the vinyltriethoxysilane is 1:(2-3).

4. The flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the amount of the nano metal particles added is 25-30% based on the weight of the vinyl resin.

5. The flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, when the nano metal particles are added, carbon black or carbon nanotubes are also added; the weight ratio of the carbon black or the carbon nanotubes to the nano metal particles is 1:(4-5).

6. The flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the preparation process of the silica sol is: The silicon source is dissolved in a solvent, and then an acid or base catalyst is added to promote hydrolysis and polycondensation of the silicon source to form a silicon-oxygen network structure, thereby obtaining the silica sol.

7. The flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of the modified solution added is 20-30% based on the weight of the silica sol.

8. The method for preparing the flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1), adding the styrene acrylic emulsion into a stirring tank and stirring, then sequentially adding the dispersant, the defoamer, and the film-forming agent, stirring, so that each auxiliary agent is evenly dispersed in the styrene acrylic emulsion; Step 2), adding the filler, the flame retardant, the modified heat insulation particles and the sound insulation particles, increasing the stirring speed and continuing stirring to make the components evenly dispersed; Step 3), adding the deionized water and the thickener to adjust the consistency, and then passing through a colloid mill to obtain the flame retardant, heat-insulating and sound-insulating coating.

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