A kind of black skin Alpinia fasciata strain suitable for under-forest cultivation and its application

Abstract

The invention discloses a black-skinned Alpinia solani strain suitable for understory cultivation, which is deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with a deposit address of No. 3, Yard No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, a deposit number of CGMCC No. 41581, and a deposit date of October 24, 2024. Compared with the existing black-skinned Alpinia solani strain, the strain provided by the invention has strong resistance to bacteria and pests, high yield, high nutrient content, good taste, and is suitable for promotion and cultivation under the forest.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungi, and in particular relates to a black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain suitable for under-forest cultivation and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Black-skinned Alpinia ternata is a rare edible mushroom that is rich in nutrients. It is rich in various amino acids and is one of the edible mushrooms that can be used as both food and medicine. From the perspective of biological characteristics, the cap of black-skinned Alpinia ternata is black or dark brown, the surface is relatively smooth, the stem is thick and solid, and it likes to grow in warm, humid soil rich in organic matter. In terms of nutritional value, black-skinned Alpinia ternata is rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, and has many benefits for human health. Black-skinned Alpinia ternata was originally a wild mushroom. With the development of science and technology, it has been cultivated in artificial greenhouse bags.

[0003] However, with the development of forest economy and the increasing demand for high-quality edible mushroom products, the technical requirements for cultivating high-quality black-skinned Alpinia fasciata under forests are increasing. However, since most of the strains on the market are only suitable for artificial log or bag cultivation in greenhouses, they will have problems such as poor resistance to pests and diseases, low yield, poor quality, and poor environmental adaptability when used for under-forest cultivation. Therefore, screening black-skinned Alpinia fasciata suitable for under-forest cultivation is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0004] Castanopsis sclerophylla is an evergreen tree, a precious broad-leaved tree species in China, and a major timber species in southern China, with fewer diseases and insect pests. Castanopsis sclerophylla seed kernels are the raw materials for preparing vermicelli and tofu, and the tofu made is called Castanopsis sclerophylla tofu. At the same time, the nuts of Castanopsis sclerophylla contain starch, and after soaking in water to remove astringency, they can be made into a variety of original ecological foods such as Castanopsis sclerophylla tofu, Castanopsis sclerophylla powder skin, Castanopsis sclerophylla vermicelli, Castanopsis sclerophylla cake, etc. Castanopsis sclerophylla can ventilate and relieve heat, remove stagnation and resolve blood stasis, and has a unique therapeutic effect on dysentery and diarrhea. The branches, trunks and fruits of Castanopsis sclerophylla are all good substrates for cultivating edible fungi, which can provide a suitable environment and nutrients for the growth of edible fungi. However, the prior art does not develop edible fungi cultivated under the forest using Castanopsis sclerophylla trees and fruits as raw materials. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems of unstable quality, low yield, poor quality and susceptibility to diseases and insect pests in existing black-skinned Alpinia chorii varieties during under-forest cultivation, the present invention screens a new black-skinned Alpinia chorii strain suitable for under-forest cultivation under a Castanopsis scleroderma forest, and uses the trunks, branches and fruits of the Castanopsis scleroderma trees as strain culture materials, thereby achieving high-yield and high-quality under-forest cultivation of black-skinned Alpinia chorii.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a stress-resistant black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain and a method for cultivating it under forests. According to the fact that green mold pollution is prone to break out in the wild due to wind and rain in summer with high temperature and high humidity, the present invention uses high temperature, high humidity and green mold pollution as adverse conditions, screens out strains with certain stress resistance and performs stress acclimation, and obtains a black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain with strong comprehensive stress resistance through under-forest cultivation and stress acclimation strain adversity screening, and integrates several advantageous resistances, thereby effectively solving the problem of large-scale cultivation of black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii under forests at present.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A black-skinned Alpinia solani strain suitable for understory cultivation, deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the deposit address at No. 3, Yard No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with the deposit number CGMCC No. 41581, and the deposit date is October 24, 2024. The strain is classified and named as: Black-skinned Alpinia solani Oudemansiella raphanipies .

[0009] The invention also provides mycelium or spores obtained by culturing the black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain with a preservation number of CGMCC No.41581.

[0010] The invention also provides a fruiting body obtained by cultivating the black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain with a preservation number of CGMCC No.41581.

[0011] The present invention also provides application of the fruiting bodies obtained by cultivating the black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain in preparing food or medicine.

[0012] The black-skinned Alpinia albuminosa with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 41581 is found and screened from dead Castanopsis sclerophylla trees under Castanopsis sclerophylla trees in Pearl Peninsula, Pingshan Forest Area, Qiandao Lake Forest Farm, Chun'an County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for cultivating the black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain suitable for understory cultivation under forests, the method comprising the following steps:

[0014] (1) The black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain is inoculated into the cultivation bag and cultured until brown nodules appear on the surface of the material, and then it can be transferred to the forest for cultivation;

[0015] The cultivation medium in the cultivation bag includes the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of cottonseed hulls, 38-43 parts of Castanopsis sclerophylla sawdust, 8-12 parts of bran, 4-6 parts of corn flour, 8-12 parts of Castanopsis sclerophylla fruit, 0.9-1.2 parts of gypsum powder, 0.9-1.2 parts of lime powder, and 0.9-1.2 parts of sucrose; water is added to the above dry materials to adjust the moisture content of the materials to 63-65%;

[0016] The culture is generally carried out at a temperature of 24±2° C. in the dark for 40 to 50 days, and then transferred to a scattered light environment and cultured at room temperature for 150 to 180 days, and brown nodules are produced on the surface of the culture medium.

[0017] (2) The cultivation bags prepared in step (1) are transported to forest land and covered with soil for cultivation under the forest. The fruiting bodies are harvested when they grow to maturity, the length of the top of the mushroom is not less than 4 cm, the diameter of the cap is not less than 1.5 cm, and the mushroom cap does not open.

[0018] The forest land described is non-first-class national public welfare forest land, it is pollution-free and free of pests and diseases, the soil in the forest land is sandy, the forest stand density is 0.5-0.7, and there is sufficient water source in the forest land.

[0019] Furthermore, priority is given to selecting forest land with a soil humus layer thickness of 15-20 cm, pH 7-8, an altitude of 100-800 m, a forest slope of 30-45°, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, a canopy density of 0.5-0.7, good ventilation and drainage, and clean water sources around.

[0020] The method of under-forest soil covering cultivation is specifically as follows: dead branches, fallen leaves and humus under the forest are cleaned up, a drainage ditch 10cm-25cm deep and 40cm wide is dug in the open space of the forest, the excavated soil is dried and crushed into sandy particles, the soil particles are small, fine and uniform, the cultivation bags are taken out of the bags, connected end to end and tightly arranged on the bed, placed horizontally, and the mushroom sticks are covered with the previously dried soil until they are completely covered.

[0021] The general management of mushroom production after cultivation is as follows: 7-10 days after covering the soil, the mushroom bags will turn into reddish-brown fungal films. Thereafter, water should be sprayed in the morning and evening to increase humidity and keep the covering soil moist.

[0022] The black-skinned Alpinia fasciata of the present invention is suitable for cultivation under forests, fully utilizes forest resources, reduces cultivation costs, does not need to build greenhouses, and the cultivation growth of the strain forms a circular ecological chain with the forest land, which has ecological and economic benefits.

[0023] The black-skinned Alpinia chorii mushroom of the present invention has strong ability of resisting foreign bacteria, pollution and diseases and insect pests, is resistant to high temperature and humidity, has high yield and high nutrient content, and the yield per mu can reach more than 6,400 kilograms. The cultivated black-skinned Alpinia chorii mushroom has high nutritional value, and the protein content and soluble sugar content are increased by more than 30% compared with the strains in the prior art, and the amino acid content, total phenol content and the like are significantly improved, and the contents of various trace elements are also significantly improved, wherein the selenium content is more than twice that of the control CK.

[0024] The black-skinned Alpinia terrestris of the invention grows in a natural environment under a forest, has a taste, fragrance and shape very similar to those of the Alpinia terrestris naturally grown in a termite nest, and has great market potential. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a photo of the fruiting body of the black-skinned Alpinia solani CGMCC No.41581 strain cultivated under the forest. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention more clear, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding by technicians.

[0027] Example 1: Relying on the rich wild mushroom resources in Qiandao Lake, the inventor began to collect and evaluate wild strains of black-skinned albuminus in 2022. After stress resistance screening, separation and identification of the strains, wild black-skinned albuminus strains with good mushroom quality, high yield and high nutritional value were obtained.

[0028] The strain was deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 24, 2024, with the deposit address at No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with the deposit number CGMCC No.41581. The taxonomic name of the strain is Oudemansiella raphanipies.

[0029] The selected strains were identified by the genetic testing laboratory of Zhejiang Tianke High-tech Development Co., Ltd. using the fungal LSUD1D2 region gene sequencing identification method (TK / LAB-002-2022). Hymenopellis sp. The fruiting body of this strain is medium to slightly large, with a cap that is hemispherical to gradually flattened, convex in the middle or umbilical with dark radial stripes, light brown or dark brown to dark brown, smooth, moist, and sticky. The flesh is white, and the gills are white. The spore print is white. This strain should be merged into Oudemansiella (Odea spp.), trade name: Alpinia ternata.

[0030] The strains screened by the present invention and the control strains were used for understory cultivation tests and fruiting body quality comparison tests, wherein the control strains were derived from the Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Zhejiang Province and are currently the main varieties of the same type cultivated in China. The specific information is shown in Table 1 below:

[0031] Table 1 Information of tested strains

[0032]

[0033] 1. Restore the black-skinned Alpinia solani strain from the storage state to the room temperature state, inoculate it into the PDA medium for cultivation, rejuvenate, and re-cultivate 2-3 times to obtain a well-growing colony. Then prepare the black-skinned Alpinia solani cultivation bag (by weight percentage): 32% cottonseed hulls, 40% Castanopsis sclerotium sawdust, 10% bran, 5% corn flour, 10% Castanopsis sclerotium fruit, 1% gypsum powder, 1% lime powder, and 1% sucrose. Adjust the moisture content of the material to 63-65%, put it into a polyethylene plastic bag (15cm×30cm), sterilize, cool, and inoculate the black-skinned Alpinia solani strain. Cultivate at 24±2℃ in the dark for about 45 days, transfer to a scattered light environment, and cultivate at room temperature for 160 days. After brown tumors appear on the surface of the material, it can be cultivated under the forest.

[0034] 2. Forest land selection: Select forest land with soil humus layer thickness of 18~20cm, pH 7.5~8, altitude of 100-800m, forest land slope of 30~45°, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, canopy density of 0.7, good ventilation and drainage, and clean water sources around the forest land.

[0035] 3. Under-forest cultivation: Clean up the dead branches, fallen leaves and humus under the forest. Yellow mud and sandy soil are the best. Dig a 10cm-25cm deep and 40cm wide drainage ditch in the open space of the forest. Dry the excavated soil and crush it into sandy particles. The soil particles are small, fine and uniform. Remove the plastic bag from the cultivation bag, and the obtained mushroom sticks are closely arranged on the bed, placed horizontally, and the previously dried soil is used to cover the mushroom sticks until they are completely covered.

[0036] 4. Mushroom management: 7-10 days after covering the soil, the mushroom bags will turn into reddish-brown mushroom films. After that, spray water in the morning and evening to increase humidity and keep the covering soil moist.

[0037] 5. Harvesting: Harvest when the length of the mushroom top is not less than 4cm, the diameter of the mushroom cap is not less than 1.5cm, and the mushroom cap does not open.

[0038] 6. A two-year regional trial was conducted to compare the strain morphology, resistance and quality.

[0039] The results of resistance identification test are shown in Table 2. The results show that the new strain of wild black-skinned Alpinia terrestris has a low contamination rate of foreign bacteria during the entire cultivation and production period, including the period of cultivating mycelium of mushroom sticks and opening bags, covering soil and fruiting, and has stronger resistance to foreign bacteria than the control; during the fruiting management period, the incidence rate is low and has good disease resistance.

[0040] Table 2 Resistance identification results of two strains

[0041]

[0042] Characteristics of strains

[0043] The comparison of the properties of the new strain of Alternaria japonica strain and the control CK group is shown in Table 3.

[0044] Table 3 Comparison of the new strain of Alternaria japonica and CK

[0045]

[0046] The results in Table 3 show that the properties of the new strain of Alternaria japonica strain are significantly different from those of the control CK group. The mycelium of the new strain of Alternaria japonica strain grows rapidly, and the time used for primordium formation is reduced by more than 4 days compared with the CK group, and the mushroom fruiting period is reduced by about 20 days, which greatly improves the production efficiency and increases the yield per mu by about 10%.

[0047] The fruiting bodies are more uniform and the flesh is thicker than that of the CK group. The biological efficiency of the black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain of the present invention is also increased by more than 10% compared with the control group, and the yield is higher.

[0048] The mycelium of the new strain of Black-skinned Acanthopanax albuminus is white and fluffy, with lock-like joints and branch separations, neat colony surface, well-developed aerial mycelium, slender stipes, smooth and round caps, crisp and tender flesh. Its color and quality are very popular with consumers, and it has good commercial quality.

[0049] The main quality components of the harvested black-skinned Alpinia cerana strains and CK fresh fruiting body samples were tested, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0050] Table 4 Comparison of nutrients in Acanthopanax fasciata

[0051]

[0052] The results in Table 4 show that all the detection indicators of the black-skinned Alpinia terrestris strain are in line with the national standard for edible fungi, and the main component indicators are better than those of the control group CK, the protein content is increased by about 30%, the ash content is reduced by more than 30% compared with the control, the soluble sugar is increased by more than 30%, and the contents of various trace elements are significantly improved, among which the selenium content is more than twice that of the control CK, and the nutritional value is significantly improved compared with the existing strains.

[0053] In summary, the present invention provides a black-skinned Alpinia terrestris strain cultivated in forests in a simulated wild manner. The strain has stronger disease and insect resistance, higher nutritional value, and high yield, meets market demand, and has good application prospects in the fields of edible fungi, functional foods, etc.

[0054] The above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A black-skinned Alpinia solani strain suitable for understory cultivation, deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the deposit address at No. 3, Yard No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with the deposit number CGMCC No. 41581, the deposit date October 24, 2024, and the classification name of the strain: Black-skinned Alpinia solani ( Oudemansiella raphanipies ).

2. Mycelium or spore obtained from the black skinned Alpinia albuminosa strain as claimed in claim 1.

3. The fruiting body obtained by cultivating the black skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain as claimed in claim 1.

4. Use of the fruiting body obtained by cultivating the black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain as claimed in claim 3 in preparing food or medicine.

5. The method for cultivating the black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain suitable for cultivation under forests as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: (1) The black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain is inoculated into a cultivation bag and cultured until brown nodules appear on the surface of the material, and then transferred to understory cultivation; (2) The cultivation bags prepared in step (1) are transported to forest land and covered with soil for cultivation under the forest. The fruiting bodies are harvested when they grow to maturity, the length of the top of the fungus is not less than 4 cm, the diameter of the cap is not less than 1.5 cm, and the fungus cap does not open.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In the step (1), the cultivation medium in the cultivation bag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of cottonseed hulls, 38-43 parts of Castanopsis sclerophylla sawdust, 8-12 parts of bran, 4-6 parts of corn flour, 8-12 parts of Castanopsis sclerophylla fruits, 0.9-1.2 parts of gypsum powder, 0.9-1.2 parts of lime powder, and 0.9-1.2 parts of sucrose; water is added to the above dry materials to adjust the moisture content of the materials to 63-65%.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The culture in step (1) is carried out at 24±2°C in the dark for 40-50 days, and then transferred to a scattered light environment and cultured at room temperature for 150-180 days, and brown nodules are produced on the surface of the culture medium.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In the step (2), the forest land is not a first-class national public welfare forest land, the forest land is pollution-free and free of pests and diseases, the soil of the forest land is sandy soil, the forest stand density is 0.5-0.7, and the forest land has sufficient water resources.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In the step (2), the method of soil covering cultivation under the forest is as follows: the dead branches, fallen leaves and humus under the forest are cleaned up, a drainage ditch with a depth of 10 cm to 25 cm and a width of 40 cm is dug in the open space of the forest, the excavated soil is dried and crushed into sandy particles, the soil particles are small, fine and uniform, the cultivation bags are closely arranged end to end on the ridge, placed horizontally, and the previously dried soil is used to cover the mushroom stick cultivation bags until they are completely covered.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The management of mushroom production after cultivation is as follows: 7-10 days after covering with soil, the mushroom bags will turn into reddish-brown fungal films. Thereafter, water should be sprayed in the morning and evening to increase humidity and keep the covering soil moist.

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