Multi-section anchoring energy-releasing anchor rod device and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-section anchoring energy-releasing anchor rod device and a using method thereof, and belongs to the field of underground rock engineering support of roadways, tunnels and the like. Comprising a threaded rod body, a mechanical anchoring device and a movable rod, the device utilizes the combined action of anchoring agent anchoring and mechanical anchoring in a normal state, and the static drawing force of the anchor rod is higher than that of a common anchor rod; under the action of power impact load, when the axial impact load borne by the anchoring area is larger than the bonding force between the rod body and the anchoring agent, the rod body generates certain tensile deformation to release kinetic energy accumulated in the rock mass, and meanwhile a supporting frame in the hydraulic cylinder expands outwards to restrain the anchor rod from continuously sliding; and when the surrounding rock stops deformation, the mechanical anchoring effect of the anchor rod is enhanced, and the high static drawing force is continuously kept. The device can release kinetic energy accumulated in the rock mass and enhance the anchoring capacity of the anchor rod, and has the advantages of being diversified in function, reasonable in structure, economical, applicable and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rock underground engineering support such as lanes, tunnels and tunnels, and is a multi-section anchoring energy-releasing anchor rod device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As shallow underground mineral resources become increasingly depleted, deep mining has become an important part of the world's mining industry. Rockburst is a special engineering-induced disaster that is prone to occur in deep high-altitude stress areas. With the increase in mining depth, rockburst disasters in hard and brittle rock masses under high stress conditions intensify and occur frequently, which is a bottleneck problem in the future development of deep mineral resources. Anchor rods (cables) and their combined support methods are commonly used support methods in mines around the world today, but traditional anchor rod (cable) support technology is difficult to effectively resist dynamic impact damage such as rockbursts. In order to effectively prevent and control dynamic disasters such as rockbursts induced by deep mining, energy-releasing anchor rods have become an important support form for deep well mining mines in countries around the world.

[0003] The energy-releasing anchor has both high static pull-out force and the ability to resist multiple impacts of dynamic loads. It also produces a certain amount of overall slippage or large deformation during each dynamic impact process, thereby releasing the kinetic energy accumulated at the impact end and ensuring the overall stability of the energy-releasing support rock mass. However, some of the current energy-releasing anchor products have the disadvantages of small deformation, small support force, and small kinetic energy release. For example, the Swellex anchor is susceptible to corrosion, has small static pull-out displacement, and small kinetic energy release; when the impact tensile displacement of the Durabar anchor is greater than 600mm, the bearing capacity of the anchor significantly decreases. Based on the above problems, it is urgent to develop an anchor that has both high static anchoring force and can produce large tensile deformation in the surrounding rock body under the action of dynamic impact, release the kinetic energy accumulated in the surrounding rock body, and keep the surrounding rock of the tunnel (mine) stable under the action of dynamic impacts such as high stress and rock burst (impact ground pressure), and the structure of the anchor is stable and not easy to be destroyed. Summary of the invention

[0004] Technical problem: The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a multi-section anchoring energy-releasing anchor device and a method of using the same, which not only has a high static anchoring force, but can also produce a large tensile deformation in the surrounding rock body under the action of dynamic impact, thereby releasing the kinetic energy accumulated in the surrounding rock body, so that the anchor can maintain the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock under the action of dynamic impact such as high stress and rock burst.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention discloses a multi-stage anchoring energy-release anchor device, which is characterized by comprising a threaded rod body, a tray and anti-slip four-nut are provided at the tail of the threaded rod body, and the end of the threaded rod body is connected to a movable rod through a mechanical anchoring device;

[0006] The movable rod is a variable diameter rod body with a thick front and a thin rear. The side wall of the thick diameter rod body at the front end is provided with a plurality of metal spikes for anchoring, and the tail of the thin diameter rod body at the rear end is provided with a small piston.

[0007] The mechanical anchoring device includes a pump body, the tail of which is connected to the end of the threaded rod body by a thread; a piston cylinder is provided on the inner side of the end of the pump body, a small piston at the tail of the movable rod is provided in the piston cylinder, and a sealing tightening structure is provided at the opening of the piston cylinder to prevent the small piston from falling out; high-pressure hydraulic oil is provided in the rod cavity in the piston cylinder, so that the small piston is pressed to the bottom of the piston cylinder; a plurality of hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures connected to the piston cylinder are provided on the outside of the pump body, the hydraulic telescopic anchoring structure includes a hydraulic cylinder vertically arranged on the outside of the pump body, a large piston is provided in the hydraulic cylinder, and a plurality of support frames that can be extended from the deep of the hydraulic cylinder are provided on the large piston, and all the hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures are connected to the oil outlet near the opening of the piston cylinder through an adapter; when the small piston overcomes the pressure of the hydraulic oil and moves, the hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder through the brick structure along the oil outlet, and the hydraulic oil entering the hydraulic cylinder pushes the large piston to move, thereby driving the support frame to extend out of the hydraulic cylinder and squeeze the rock.

[0008] Furthermore, a grouting plug I is provided in the middle of the middle threaded rod body, and a grouting plug II is provided in the middle of the movable rod; the tray, grouting plug I and the inner wall of the surrounding rock form an anchoring area I. After the anchor rod is installed, grouting is required in the anchoring area I; the anchoring area II is formed by an anchoring agent in the front section of the grouting plug II.

[0009] Furthermore, the adapter and the oil filling hole of the hydraulic cylinder are sealed and connected via an oil pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the end of the support frame is provided with a metal spike which can penetrate into the rock mass to strengthen the anchoring.

[0011] Furthermore, a grouting hole and an exhaust hole connected to the anchor hole are provided on the tray. After the anchor rod is installed, cement slurry is injected into the anchor area I through the grouting hole, and a safety valve is installed at the port of the exhaust hole facing outside the anchor hole. The safety valve is used to check whether the slurry fills the anchor area I.

[0012] Furthermore, the safety valve includes a metal valve body, in which a truncated cone-shaped extrusion valve disc is supported by a spring to achieve sealing; when the slurry fills the anchoring area I, the extrusion valve disc in the metal valve body pushes the spring, thereby allowing the safety valve to be opened and the slurry to seep out; when installing the pallet, ensure that the exhaust hole is located at a high horizontal position and the grouting hole is located at the bottom to prevent the grouting slurry from failing to fill the anchoring area I.

[0013] A method for using a multi-stage anchoring energy-releasing anchor device, the steps are as follows:

[0014] Connect the threaded rod body, mechanical anchor device and movable rod together, and install stop plugs I and II at the same time; then check the sealing of the hydraulic oil in the mechanical anchor device to ensure that there is no "oil leakage"; adjust the support frame on the hydraulic cylinder to ensure that the support frame just touches the surrounding rock in the borehole in the initial state;

[0015] After drilling and anchoring holes at pre-marked positions in the surrounding rock, the anchoring agent is sent into the anchoring holes, and then the energy-releasing anchor rod device is sent in so that the anchoring agent is located in the anchoring area II; the agitator is started to stir until it is fully stirred; after waiting for the anchoring agent to solidify, a tray and an anti-slip wire nut are installed outside the hole in sequence, and the tray is brought into contact with the rock surface in the drilled and anchored hole and is tightly attached to the rock surface by pre-tightening the anti-slip wire nut.

[0016] After the energy release anchor device is installed, low-pressure grouting is carried out to the anchoring area I through the grouting hole. As the grout flows in, the entire area is filled. When the spring in the safety valve is squeezed and the grout flows out, the grouting is stopped immediately and the safety valve and grouting hole are blocked to prevent the grout from leaking out.

[0017] Under normal conditions, under the joint action of anchoring area I and anchoring area II and the mechanical anchoring device, the static pull-out force of the anchor is higher than that of the ordinary anchor; under the action of dynamic impact loads such as rock bursts, due to the large impact load, the axial impact load on the anchoring area is greater than the bonding force between the energy-releasing anchor device and the anchoring agent, causing the movable rod to move toward the opening of the pump body, and the movable rod overcomes the pressure of the hydraulic oil to produce tensile deformation to release the kinetic energy accumulated in the rock mass; under the action of the small piston, when the hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder, the force generated by the extrusion of the hydraulic oil entering the hydraulic cylinder pushes the large piston to rise, causing the support frame to expand outward, and the metal spikes on the support frame penetrate into the rock mass, and the slip of the energy-releasing anchor device is adjusted by the action of the support frame and further movement is curbed; when the surrounding rock stops deforming, the energy-releasing anchor device continues to maintain a high static pull-out force under the expansion action of the support frame.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the present invention makes the anchor rod have a higher static anchoring force by performing multi-stage anchoring; and under dynamic impact, not only can the anchor rod body produce tensile deformation to release the kinetic energy accumulated in the rock body, but also the deformation of the rod body can be used to make the mechanical anchoring device work to enhance the anchoring ability of the anchor rod so that the device can always provide high-strength anchoring force; at the same time, the device also uses a safety valve device to check the grouting condition. It makes up for the shortcomings of the existing energy-releasing anchor rods, such as low pull-out force, small static load pull-out displacement, small kinetic energy release and easy damage. The anchor rod device uses the combined action of anchoring agent anchoring and mechanical anchoring in a normal state, and the static anchoring force of the anchor rod is enhanced; under the action of dynamic impact loads such as rock bursts, when the axial impact load on the anchoring area is greater than the bonding force between the rod body and the anchoring agent, the rod body produces a certain tensile deformation to release the kinetic energy accumulated in the rock body, and at the same time, the support frame in the hydraulic cylinder expands outward, and the slippage of the rod body is adjusted and further movement is curbed by the action of the support frame. When the surrounding rock stops deforming, the anchor rod continues to maintain a high static pull-out force under the action of the support frame that expands out of the anchor hole. It has the advantages of diverse functions, reasonable structure, economical and applicable, and can effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents and ensure the life safety of workers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an anchor hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage anchoring energy-releasing anchor device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of a multi-stage anchoring energy-releasing anchor device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mechanical anchoring device in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the transfer joint and the safety valve of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the threaded rod body and the pump body of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1-surrounding rock, 2-anchor hole, 3-anti-slip wire nut, 4-threaded rod, 5-tray, 6-mechanical anchoring device, 7-anchoring area I, 8-anchoring area II, 9-slurry stop plug I, 10-slurry stop plug II, 11-grouting hole, 12-exhaust hole, 13-safety valve, 14-movable rod, 15-support frame, 16-large piston, 17-hydraulic oil, 18-adapter, 19-small piston, 20-hydraulic cylinder, 21-oil pipe, 22-oil filling hole, 23-metal valve body, 24-extrusion valve disc, 25-spring, 26-special pump body, 27-oil outlet hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0028] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, a multi-section anchoring energy release anchor device of the present invention comprises a threaded rod body 4, a mechanical anchoring device 6 and a movable rod 14. The mechanical anchoring device 6 is composed of a pump body 26, a hydraulic cylinder 20 and a support frame 15; the tail of the mechanical anchoring device 6 is connected to the threaded rod body 4 through a thread; and the other side is a piston cylinder, and a matching small piston 19 is provided inside the piston cylinder, and the opening of the piston cylinder is connected to the movable rod 14 and the movable rod 14 needs to be fixedly connected to the small piston 19. The movable rod 16 is a variable diameter rod body, the small diameter section of the rod body is consistent with the size of the piston rod opening, and the large diameter section of the rod body is provided with a metal thorn and serves as an anchoring end, and the presence of the metal thorn can enhance the anchoring effect; and a grouting plug II10 consistent with the size of the anchor hole is installed at the variable diameter; the grouting plug II10 and the inner wall of the surrounding rock 1 form an anchoring area II8. When the movable rod 14 drives the small piston 19 to move in the pump body 26, so that the hydraulic oil 17 enters the hydraulic cylinder 20, so that the support frame 15 expands outward to squeeze the surrounding rock 1, the mechanical anchoring device 6 plays a role.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, after drilling the anchor hole 2 at the pre-marked position of the surrounding rock 1, first send the anchoring agent (mud roll, curing agent roll) into the anchor hole 2, and then send the anchor rod in so that the anchoring agent is located in the anchoring area II8; then start the agitator to stir until it is fully stirred; finally, after waiting for the anchoring agent to solidify, install the tray 5 and the anti-slip wire nut 3 outside the hole in sequence. The tray 5 is in contact with the rock surface and is tightly attached to the rock surface by pre-tightening the anti-slip wire nut 3. After the anchor rod is installed, low-pressure grouting is performed to the anchoring area I7 through the grouting hole 11, and the slurry flows in until the entire area is filled; after the spring 25 in the safety valve 13 is squeezed and the slurry flows out, the grouting is stopped immediately and the safety valve 13 and the grouting hole 11 are blocked to prevent the slurry from seeping out.

[0030] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device, characterized in that: It comprises a threaded rod body (4), the tail of which is provided with a tray (5) and a non-slip four-nut (3), and the end of the threaded rod body (4) is connected to a movable rod (4) via a mechanical anchoring device (6); The movable rod (16) is a variable diameter rod body with a thick front and a thin rear, a plurality of metal spikes for anchoring are arranged on the side wall of the thick diameter rod body at the front end, and a small piston (19) is arranged at the tail of the thin diameter rod body at the rear end; The mechanical anchoring device (6) comprises a pump body (26), the tail of the pump body (26) is connected to the end of the threaded rod body (4) through a thread; a piston cylinder is arranged on the inner side of the end of the pump body (26), a small piston (19) at the tail of the movable rod (4) is arranged in the piston cylinder, and a sealing tightening structure is arranged at the opening of the piston cylinder to prevent the small piston (19) from falling out; a high-pressure hydraulic oil (17) is arranged in the rod cavity in the piston cylinder, so that the small piston (19) is pressed to the bottom of the piston cylinder; a plurality of hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures connected to the piston cylinder are arranged on the outer side of the pump body (26), and the hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures include hydraulic A hydraulic cylinder (20) is provided with a large piston (16) in the hydraulic cylinder (20), and a plurality of support frames (15) are provided on the large piston (16) which can be extended from the depth of the hydraulic cylinder (20), and all hydraulic telescopic anchoring structures are connected to an oil outlet (27) near the opening of the piston cylinder through an adapter (18); when the small piston (16) overcomes the pressure of the hydraulic oil (17) and moves, the hydraulic oil (17) enters the hydraulic cylinder (20) along the oil outlet (27) through the brick structure (18), and the hydraulic oil (17) entering the hydraulic cylinder (20) pushes the large piston (16) to move, thereby driving the support frame (15) to extend out of the hydraulic cylinder (20) and squeeze the rock (1).

2. A multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A grout stopper I (9) is provided in the middle of the middle threaded rod body (4), and a grout stopper II (10) is provided in the middle of the movable rod (4); the tray (5), the grout stopper I (9) and the inner wall of the surrounding rock (1) form an anchoring area I (7); after the anchor rod is installed, grouting is required in the anchoring area I (7); an anchoring agent is used to form an anchoring area II (8) in front of the grout stopper II (10).

3. The multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adapter (18) and the oil filling hole (22) of the hydraulic cylinder (20) are sealed and connected via an oil pipe (21).

4. The multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the support frame (15) is provided with a metal spike which can penetrate into the rock mass to strengthen the anchoring.

5. The multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tray (5) is provided with a grouting hole (11) and an exhaust hole (12) which are connected to the anchor hole. After the anchor rod is installed, cement slurry is injected into the anchor area I (7) through the grouting hole (11). A safety valve (13) is installed at the exhaust hole (12) at the port facing the outside of the anchor hole. The safety valve (13) is used to check whether the slurry fills the anchor area I (7).

6. The multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The safety valve (13) comprises a metal valve body (23), wherein a spring (25) is used inside the metal valve body (23) to press against a truncated cone-shaped extrusion valve flap (24) to achieve blocking. When the slurry fills the anchoring area I (7), the extrusion valve flap (24) inside the metal valve body (23) pushes the spring (25), thereby opening the safety valve (13) and allowing the slurry to seep out. When installing the tray (5), ensure that the exhaust hole (12) is located at a high horizontal position and the grouting hole (11) is located at the bottom to prevent the grouting slurry from failing to fill the anchoring area I (7).

7. A method for using a multi-stage anchoring energy release anchor device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that Here are the steps: The threaded rod body (4), the mechanical anchor device (6) and the movable rod (14) are connected together, and the grout stopper I (9) and the grout stopper II (10) are installed at the same time; then the sealing condition of the hydraulic oil (17) in the mechanical anchor device (6) is checked to ensure that there is no "oil leakage" phenomenon; the support frame (15) on the hydraulic cylinder (20) is adjusted to ensure that the support frame (15) just touches the surrounding rock (1) in the borehole in the initial state; After drilling an anchor hole (2) at a pre-marked position of the surrounding rock (1), an anchoring agent is introduced into the anchor hole (2), and then an energy-releasing anchor rod device is introduced so that the anchoring agent is located in the anchoring area II (8); the agitator is started to stir until the agitation is sufficient; after the anchoring agent is solidified, a tray (5) and an anti-slip thread nut (3) are sequentially installed outside the hole, and the tray (5) is brought into contact with the rock surface in the drilled anchor hole and is tightly attached to the rock surface by pre-tightening the anti-slip thread nut (3). After the energy release anchor device is installed, low-pressure grouting is performed through the grouting hole (11) into the anchoring area I (7), and the grouting liquid flows into the entire area; after the spring (25) in the safety valve (13) is squeezed and the grouting liquid flows out, the grouting is immediately stopped and the safety valve (13) and the grouting hole (11) are blocked to prevent the grouting liquid from leaking out; Under normal conditions, under the joint action of the anchoring area I (7) and the anchoring area II (8) and the mechanical anchoring device (6), the static pulling force of the anchor rod is higher than that of an ordinary anchor rod; under the action of dynamic impact loads such as rock bursts, due to the large impact load, the axial impact load on the anchoring area is greater than the bonding force between the energy-releasing anchor rod device and the anchoring agent, causing the movable rod (14) to move toward the opening of the pump body (26), and the movable rod (14) overcomes the pressure of the hydraulic oil (17) to produce tensile deformation to release the kinetic energy accumulated in the rock body; under the action of the small piston Under the action of (19), when the hydraulic oil (17) enters the hydraulic cylinder (20), the hydraulic oil (17) entering the hydraulic cylinder (20) is squeezed and the force generated pushes the large piston (16) to rise, so that the support frame (15) expands outward, and the metal spikes on the support frame (15) penetrate into the rock mass. Through the action of the support frame (15), the slippage of the energy-releasing anchor device is regulated and further movement is prevented; when the surrounding rock (1) stops deforming, under the expansion action of the support frame (15), the energy-releasing anchor device continues to maintain a high static pulling force.

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