A secondary grouting-capable anti-detachment anchor bolt device and its application method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of underground engineering support technology, specifically disclosing a secondary grouting anti-detachment anchor bolt device and its usage method. The anti-detachment anchor bolt device includes an anchor bolt, anchoring auxiliary components, an anchoring assembly, a tray component, and a pressure-relief assembly. The anchor bolt has a hollow structure for insertion into the anchor hole. The anchor bolt includes a grouting section, an anchoring section, and a pressure-relief section connected sequentially. The anchoring auxiliary components include an extension rod and two grout-stopping plugs. The extension rod is positioned at the end of the grouting section along the length of the anchor bolt; the two grout-stopping plugs are respectively positioned at the ends of the grouting sections. The grout-stopping plug near the extension rod is used to seal the anchor hole as an initial anchoring area, and the two grout-stopping plugs are used to seal the anchor hole between the grout-stopping plugs as a secondary anchoring area. This invention, through the anchor bolt and anchoring auxiliary components, achieves the division of the anchor hole into an initial anchoring area and a secondary anchoring area, enabling secondary reinforcement through two anchoring operations during use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground engineering support technology, and specifically relates to a secondary grouting-capable anti-detachment anchor bolt device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, as resource extraction and infrastructure construction have continued to penetrate deeper into the Earth, characteristics such as high ground stress, high ground temperature, and high osmotic pressure have become apparent. Due to the surrounding environment, deep soft rock is prone to deformation, which is difficult to predict and has strong destructive power, causing significant damage once it occurs. Therefore, the support problem for deep, high-stress soft rock has become a crucial task in deep mining and tunnel construction.

[0003] Rock bolt support can significantly improve the bearing capacity and stability of the surrounding rock in tunnels, and is a widely and efficiently used support method in underground engineering. Rock bolts come in various forms to suit different geological conditions. However, deep tunnels or shafts are affected by high ground stress, weak rock masses, and other factors, making the surrounding rock prone to large deformations, which can lead to detachment of the anchoring agent from the rock bolt. This can cause significant damage. Therefore, rock bolts must not only provide constant support force but also exhibit large elongation deformation to meet the requirements of large surrounding rock deformations and to allow for re-grouting reinforcement in case of detachment. Furthermore, ordinary rock bolts have poor compressive deformation performance, making them unsuitable for the support requirements of high ground stress or large surrounding rock deformation in deep mining environments. Ordinary rock bolts are also prone to detachment before the anchoring agent has cured.

[0004] Based on the above problems, there is an urgent need to develop an anchor bolt device that can generate large elongation deformation to meet the requirements of large deformation of surrounding rock, and can also perform secondary reinforcement when anchor bolts detach and prevent anchor bolt movement before the anchoring agent has cured. In other words, it is a device that integrates anti-detachment, deformation relief and active support functions to solve the existing engineering and technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a secondary grouting anti-anchorage pressure relief anchor bolt device and its usage method. This device not only provides secondary reinforcement when the anchor bolt detaches and prevents the anchor bolt from moving before the anchoring agent has cured, but also provides constant support force and generates large elongation deformation to meet the requirements of large deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: a secondary grouting-capable anti-detachment anchor bolt device, comprising:

[0007] An anchor rod is a hollow structure used to be inserted into an anchor hole. The anchor rod includes a grouting section, an anchoring section, and a pressure-relief section connected in sequence from the inside of the anchor hole to the outside of the anchor hole. The grouting section and the anchoring section are located inside the anchor hole, and the pressure-relief section is located outside the anchor hole. The side wall of the grouting section is provided with grouting holes, which are connected to the hollow structure.

[0008] An anchoring auxiliary component, comprising: an extension rod, which is disposed at the end of the grouting section along the length of the anchor rod; and two grout stop plugs, which are respectively disposed on the grouting section and located near the ends of the grouting section. The grout stop plug near the extension rod is used to close the anchor hole space where the extension rod is located as the initial anchoring area, and the two grout stop plugs are used to close the anchor hole between the grout stop plugs as the secondary anchoring area.

[0009] An anchoring assembly, located in the anchoring section, is used to connect with the inner wall of the anchor hole to anchor the anchor rod;

[0010] The pallet component is installed in the pressure relief section;

[0011] The pressure relief component is a deformable structure located in the pressure relief section on the side of the pallet component away from the anchor hole, closely attached to the side of the pallet component away from the anchor hole. The pressure relief component uses its own deformation to offset the pressure generated by the pallet component after large deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0012] Furthermore, a connecting sleeve is provided at the end of the grouting section, and the extension rod is disposed on the connecting sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, the anchoring assembly includes:

[0014] A fixing sleeve is fitted onto the outer wall of the anchoring section;

[0015] A sliding sleeve is slidably mounted on the outer wall of a fixed sleeve, and the length of the fixed sleeve is longer than the length of the sliding sleeve.

[0016] The cutter bar, at least one, has one end hinged to the side of the fixed sleeve near the grouting section, and the other end is used to insert into the inner wall of the anchor hole;

[0017] There is at least one push-pull rod, which corresponds one-to-one with the cutter rod. One end of the push-pull rod is hinged to the side of the sliding sleeve near the grouting section, and the other end is hinged to the cutter rod. When the sliding sleeve moves, the push-pull rod drives the cutter rod to insert into the inner wall of the anchor hole to achieve opening and closing.

[0018] The first elastic element has one end located on the side of the fixed sleeve away from the grouting section, and the other end located on the side of the sliding sleeve away from the grouting section.

[0019] Furthermore, the anchoring assembly also includes a limiting member, which is disposed on the fixed sleeve and connected to the sliding sleeve, for compressing the first elastic member.

[0020] Furthermore, a groove is provided on the side wall of the fixed sleeve, and the sliding sleeve is fitted into the groove.

[0021] Furthermore, the pressure relief assembly includes:

[0022] The first plate is inserted into the pressure relief section, and one side of the first plate is in close contact with the pallet component.

[0023] The second elastic element is disposed on the first plate and located on the opposite side of the first plate that is in close contact with the pallet component;

[0024] The second plate is inserted through the pressure relief section, and one side is connected to the other end of the second elastic member.

[0025] The fastener is located on the pressure relief section and is tightly attached to the side opposite to the second elastic element that connects to the second plate.

[0026] Further, the pallet component includes:

[0027] The disc body is installed on the pressure relief section, closely attached to the rock surrounding the anchor hole;

[0028] The high-strength pad is installed on the pressure relief section, with one side tightly attached to the disc body and the opposite side tightly attached to the first plate body.

[0029] Furthermore, the method of using the aforementioned anti-detachment anchor bolt device includes the following steps:

[0030] Wrap the anchoring agent and curing agent rolls around the extension rod, then insert the anchor rod, anchoring auxiliary parts, and anchoring assembly into the anchor hole. Rotate the anchor rod to cause the anchoring agent and curing agent rolls to rotate and stir. Then, use the anchoring assembly to connect with the inner wall of the anchor hole to anchor the anchor rod. After the anchoring agent has completely cured, the anchoring of the initial anchoring area is completed.

[0031] The pallet component and the pressure relief assembly are sequentially installed in the pressure relief section so that the side of the pallet component near the anchor hole is tightly attached to the anchor hole.

[0032] If the surrounding rock deformation during use causes the anchoring agent in the initial anchoring area to detach from the extension rod, grouting is performed on the secondary anchoring area using the anchor rod to complete the secondary anchoring.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] This invention, through the use of anchor bolts and anchoring auxiliary components, divides the anchor hole into an initial anchoring zone and a secondary anchoring zone, allowing for secondary reinforcement through two anchoring operations. Furthermore, while preventing anchor bolt movement before the anchoring agent has cured, the anchoring device also generates significant elongation deformation to meet the requirements of large surrounding rock deformation. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing pressure-relief anchor bolts, which cannot prevent anchor bolt movement before the anchoring agent has cured or provide secondary reinforcement through hollow anchor bolts in case of anchor detachment. Further, by adding a pressure-relief component to the pressure-relief section, the anchor bolt can deform along with the surrounding rock within permissible limits to meet the requirements of large surrounding rock deformation, ensuring that the anchor bolt and anchoring structure do not fail. This invention has advantages such as versatility, reasonable structure, and economic applicability, and the deformation-relief function of the anchor bolt can effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anchoring component of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the pressure relief component of the present invention.

[0038] Among them, 1-anchor rod, 11-grouting section, 110-connecting sleeve, 12-anchoring section, 13-pressure relief section, 2-anchoring auxiliary component, 21-extension rod, 22-grout stop plug, 3-anchoring assembly, 31-fixing sleeve, 310-sliding groove, 32-sliding sleeve, 33-knife rod, 34-push-pull rod, 35-first elastic element, 36-limiting element, 4-pallet component, 41-disc body, 42-high-strength pad, 5-pressure relief assembly, 51-first plate body, 52-second elastic element, 53-second plate body, 54-fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To the attached Figure 3 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0040] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0041] Example

[0042] like Figure 1 The illustrated anti-detachment anchor bolt device with secondary grouting capability includes an anchor bolt 1, an anchoring auxiliary component 2, an anchoring assembly 3, a tray component 4, and a pressure relief assembly 5.

[0043] Anchor rod 1 is a hollow structure used for insertion into anchor hole. Anchor rod 1 includes a grouting section 11, an anchoring section 12, and a pressure relief section 13 connected in sequence from the inside of anchor hole to the outside of anchor hole. Grouting section 11 and anchoring section 12 are located inside anchor hole, and pressure relief section 13 is located outside anchor hole. Grouting hole is provided on the side wall of grouting section 11, and grouting hole is connected to hollow structure.

[0044] The anchoring auxiliary component 2 includes an extension rod 21 and two grout-stopping plugs 22. The extension rod 21 is disposed at the end of the grouting section 11 along the length direction of the anchor rod 1; the two grout-stopping plugs 22 are respectively disposed on the grouting section 11 and located near the two ends of the grouting section 11. The grout-stopping plug 22 near the extension rod 21 is used to close the anchor hole space where the extension rod 21 is located as the initial anchoring area, and the two grout-stopping plugs 22 are used to close the anchor hole between the grout-stopping plugs 22 as the secondary anchoring area.

[0045] Anchoring component 3 is installed in anchoring section 12 and is used to connect with the inner wall of anchor hole to anchor anchor rod 1. Pallet component 4 is installed in relief section 13. Relief component 5 is a deformable structure and is installed in relief section 13. It is located on the side of pallet component 4 away from anchor hole and is close to the side of pallet component 4 away from anchor hole. Relief component 5 uses its own deformation to offset the pressure generated by the pallet component 4 after large deformation of surrounding rock.

[0046] Preferably, a connecting sleeve 110 is provided at the end of the grouting section 11, and the extension rod 21 is provided on the connecting sleeve 110.

[0047] Preferred, such as Figure 2 As shown, the anchoring assembly 3 includes a fixed sleeve 31, a sliding sleeve 32, a knife bar 33, a push-pull rod 34, and a first elastic element 35.

[0048] A fixed sleeve 31 is fitted onto the outer wall of the anchoring section 12, and a sliding sleeve 32 is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the fixed sleeve 31. The length of the fixed sleeve 31 is longer than that of the sliding sleeve 32. There is at least one cutter bar 33, one end of which is hinged to the side of the fixed sleeve 31 near the grouting section 11, and the other end is used to insert into the inner wall of the anchor hole. There is at least one push-pull rod 34, which corresponds to the cutter bar 33. One end of the push-pull rod 34 is hinged to the side of the sliding sleeve 32 near the grouting section 11, and the other end is hinged to the cutter bar 33. When the sliding sleeve 32 moves, the push-pull rod 34 drives the cutter bar 33 to insert into the inner wall of the anchor hole to achieve opening and closing. One end of the first elastic element 35 is located on the side of the fixed sleeve 31 away from the grouting section 11, and the other end is located on the side of the sliding sleeve 32 away from the grouting section 11.

[0049] Preferably, the anchoring assembly 3 further includes a limiting member 36, which is disposed on the fixed sleeve 31 and connected to the sliding sleeve 32, for compressing the first elastic member 35.

[0050] Preferably, a groove 310 is provided on the side wall of the fixed sleeve 31, and the sliding sleeve 32 is fitted into the groove 310.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the fixed sleeve 31 is fitted onto the anchoring section 12, and has a groove 310. The sliding sleeve 32 is slidably fitted inside the groove 310. The tail of each cutter bar 33 is hinged to the fixed sleeve 31 and is mounted on the sliding sleeve 32 via a push-pull rod 34, forming an umbrella-shaped frame structure. The cutter bar 33 opens and closes as the sliding sleeve 32 slides in the groove 310. When the sliding sleeve 32 slides close to the cutter bar 33, the cutter bar 33 opens and its end inserts into the inner wall of the anchor hole. When the sliding sleeve 32 slides away from the cutter bar 33, the cutter bar 33 retracts to avoid contact with the inner wall of the anchor hole. The limiting member 36 is used to limit the sliding position of the sliding sleeve 32. During installation, the knife bar 33 needs to be in the retracted state. After being inserted into the preset position in the anchor hole, the limiting member 36 is disconnected from the sliding sleeve 32. The sliding sleeve 32 will move towards the side closer to the knife bar 33 due to the rebound effect of the first elastic member 35, thereby driving the knife bar 33 to open so that its end is inserted into the inner wall of the anchor hole.

[0052] It should be noted that: such as Figure 2As shown, the first elastic element 35 is a commercially available spring. The limiting element 36 is a connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to the sliding sleeve 32, and the other end is bent. The fixed sleeve 31 is provided with a pin for hanging the bent end. In the initial state, the bent end of the limiting element 36 is hung on the pin, and the first elastic element 35 is in a compressed state. After the anchor rod 1, the anchoring auxiliary element 2, and the anchoring assembly 3 are inserted into the preset position in the anchor hole, the bent end of the limiting element 36 is removed from the pin. At this time, the sliding sleeve 32 will move towards the side closer to the cutter bar 33 due to the rebound of the first elastic element 35.

[0053] Preferred, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the pressure assembly 5 includes a first plate 51, a second elastic member 52, a second plate 53, and a fastener 54.

[0054] The first plate 51 is inserted through the relief section 13, with one side of the first plate 51 in close contact with the pallet component 4. The second elastic member 52 is disposed on the first plate 51, located on the opposite side of the first plate 51 that is in close contact with the pallet component 4. The second plate 53 is inserted through the relief section 13, with one side connected to the other end of the second elastic member 52. The fastener 54 is disposed on the relief section 13, in close contact with the opposite side of the second plate 53 that is connected to the second elastic member 52. The outer wall of the relief section 13 is threaded, and the fastener 54 is a commercially available nut.

[0055] Preferably, the pallet component 4 includes a disc body 41 and a high-strength pad 42. The disc body 41 is inserted through the pressure relief section 13 and closely adheres to the rock surrounding the anchor hole. The high-strength pad 42 is inserted through the pressure relief section 13, with one side closely adhering to the disc body 41 and the opposite side closely adhering to the first plate 51.

[0056] The method of using the anti-detachment anchor bolt device proposed in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0057] Drill anchor holes at the pre-marked locations in the surrounding rock, and install the anchoring auxiliary component 2 and anchoring assembly 3 onto the anchor rod 1 respectively. Check whether the limiting component 36 keeps the first elastic element 35 in a compressed state. If not, adjust the first elastic element 35 to a compressed state using the limiting component 36. That is, ensure that each cutter rod 33 is in a closed state tightly against the fixing sleeve 31.

[0058] Wrap the anchoring agent and curing agent rolls around the extension rod 21, and then insert the anchor rod 1, anchoring auxiliary component 2, and anchoring assembly 3 into the anchor hole.

[0059] The agitator is connected to the end of the pressure relief section 13 exposed outside the anchor hole. The agitator drives the anchor rod 1 to rotate, which in turn drives the extension rod 21 to rotate, mixing the anchoring agent and curing agent cartridges. After thorough mixing, the limiting member 36 is opened, and the first elastic member 35, which was in a compressed state, returns to its original position and pushes the sliding sleeve 32 to slide on the fixed sleeve 31. This causes the cutter bar 33 to open and penetrate into the surrounding rock inside the anchor hole. At this time, the anchoring assembly 3 can effectively prevent the anchor rod 1 from moving outward from the anchor hole, thus effectively avoiding the problem of anchor detachment before the anchoring agent has completely solidified. After the anchoring agent has completely solidified, the anchoring of the initial anchoring area is completed.

[0060] The disc body 41, high-strength pad 42, first plate 51, and second elastic element 52 are sequentially fitted onto the pressure relief section 13. The second elastic element 52 is then installed between the first plate 51 and the second elastic element 52. Fasteners 54 are installed on the pressure relief section 13. By adjusting the actual position of the fasteners 54 on the pressure relief section 13, the first plate 51 is made to fit tightly against the surrounding rock around the anchor hole. Furthermore, the compression state of the second elastic element 52 can be adjusted by adjusting the actual position of the fasteners 54 on the pressure relief section 13.

[0061] If the surrounding rock deformation during use causes the anchoring agent in the initial anchoring area to detach from the extension rod 21, grouting is performed on the secondary anchoring area through the anchor rod 1 to complete the secondary anchoring.

[0062] When the surrounding rock deforms and compresses the first plate 51, the first plate 51 further transmits the force to the second elastic element 52. The second elastic element 52 compresses and deforms to adapt to the high ground pressure environment and fully utilize the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock. Furthermore, the actual degree of deformation of the surrounding rock 1 can be judged by observing the compression difference of the second elastic element 52.

[0063] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for using a secondary grouting-capable anti-detachment anchor bolt device, characterized in that, The anti-falling anchor and pressure releasing anchor rod device comprises an anchor rod (1) in a hollow structure for being inserted into an anchor hole, the anchor rod (1) comprising a grouting section (11), an anchoring section (12) and a pressure releasing section (13) connected in sequence, the grouting section (11) being provided with a grouting hole on the side wall, the grouting hole being communicated with the hollow structure; an anchor assisting part (2) comprising an extension rod (21) arranged at the end of the grouting section (11) along the length direction of the anchor rod (1), two stop grouting plugs (22) arranged on the grouting section (11) and located close to the two ends of the grouting section (11), the stop grouting plug (22) close to the extension rod (21) being used for closing the space of the anchor hole where the extension rod (21) is located as an initial anchoring area, the two stop grouting plugs (22) being used for closing the anchor hole between the two stop grouting plugs (22) as a secondary anchoring area; an anchor assembly (3) arranged on the anchoring section (12) and used for connecting with the inner wall of the anchor hole to realize the anchoring of the anchor rod (1); a tray part (4) arranged in the pressure releasing section (13); and a pressure releasing assembly (5) in a deformable structure arranged in the pressure releasing section (13), the pressure releasing assembly (5) being used for offsetting the pressure generated by the extrusion of the tray part (4) after the large deformation of the surrounding rock by itself deformation. The anchor assembly (3) comprises a fixed sleeve (31) sleeved on the outer wall of the anchoring section (12), a sliding sleeve (32) slidingly arranged on the outer wall of the fixed sleeve (31), the length of the fixed sleeve (31) being longer than the length of the sliding sleeve (32), a cutter bar (33) having at least one end hinged on one side of the fixed sleeve (31) close to the grouting section (11), a push-pull rod (34) corresponding to the cutter bar (33), one end of the push-pull rod (34) being hinged on one side of the sliding sleeve (32) close to the grouting section (11) and the other end being hinged on the cutter bar (33), the cutter bar (33) being driven to open and close by the push-pull rod (34) when the sliding sleeve (32) moves, and a first elastic member (35) having one end arranged on one side of the fixed sleeve (31) away from the grouting section (11) and the other end arranged on one side of the sliding sleeve (32) away from the grouting section (11). The anchor assembly (3) further comprises a limiting part (36) arranged on the fixed sleeve (31) and connected with the sliding sleeve (32) for keeping the first elastic member (35) in a compressed state. The pressure releasing assembly (5) comprises a first plate body (51) arranged in the pressure releasing section (13), one side of the first plate body (51) being tightly attached to the tray part (4), a second elastic member (52) arranged on the first plate body (51) and located on the opposite side of the first plate body (51) tightly attached to the tray part (4), a second plate body (53) arranged in the pressure releasing section (13) and connected with the other end of the second elastic member (52) on one side, and a fastener (54) arranged on the pressure releasing section (13) and connected with the second plate body (53) and the opposite side of the second elastic member (52). The use method of the anti-falling anchor and pressure releasing anchor rod device comprises the following steps: The anchor agent mortar cartridge and the curing agent cartridge are wound on the extension rod (21), then the anchor rod (1), the anchoring auxiliary part (2) and the anchoring assembly (3) are inserted into the anchor hole, the anchor rod (1) is rotated to rotate and stir the anchor agent mortar cartridge and the curing agent cartridge, then the anchoring assembly (3) is connected with the inner wall of the anchor hole to realize anchoring of the anchor rod (1), and after the anchor agent is completely cured, the anchoring of the initial anchoring area is completed; The let-pressure section (13) is sequentially sleeved with the tray part (4) and the let-pressure assembly (5), so that the side of the tray part (4) close to the anchor hole is tightly attached to the anchor hole; If the initial anchoring area anchor agent cementing body is disengaged from the extension rod (21) due to deformation of surrounding rock during use, then the secondary anchoring area is grouted through the anchor rod (1) to complete secondary anchoring.

2. The method of using a secondary groutable anti-pullout yieldable anchor rod apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The end of the grouting section (11) is provided with a connecting sleeve (110), and the extension rod (21) is arranged on the connecting sleeve (110).

3. The method of using a secondary groutable anti-pullout yieldable anchor rod apparatus of claim 1, wherein, A sliding groove (310) is arranged on the side wall of the fixing sleeve (31), and the sliding sleeve (32) is sleeved in the sliding groove (310).

4. The method of using a secondary groutable anti-pullout yield- pressure anchor rod apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The tray part (4) comprises: A disc body (41) is arranged on the let-pressure section (13); A high-strength cushion layer (42) is arranged on the let-pressure section (13), one side of the high-strength cushion layer (42) is tightly attached to the disc body (41), and the opposite side is tightly attached to the first plate body (51).

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