Structure and method for achieving gear shifting by sliding of shaft core to drive sliding of idle gear on shaft

Abstract

The present invention relates to a structure and method for achieving gear shifting by driving an idle gear on a shaft to slide when a shaft core slides; it replaces the traditional shift fork shifting structure, so that there is no need to reserve a position for a shift fork inside a speed change gear box, and thus the structure is more compact, the transmission efficiency is high, and the operation is reliable; there is no need for an external oil cylinder, so that a vacant space can be left, thereby reducing the weight; in addition, the vacant space can be used to add special parts or special designs, etc., to improve the practicality of the speed change gear box and meet a wider range of application requirements; since there is no shift fork, the problem of wear of the shift fork due to long-term friction with the gear ring groove is avoided, thereby improving the reliability of the speed change gear box during operation; it also overcomes the vibration and friction caused by the sliding of the traditional speed change gear spline, and effectively reduces the generation of noise and vibration; a locking device is also provided, which can limit and lock the axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft, thereby improving the stability of the gear transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of speed change gear boxes, and in particular to a structure and method for achieving gear shifting by sliding an idle gear on a shaft through sliding of a shaft core. Background Art

[0002] A gearbox is a mechanical device that primarily performs various functions through the meshing of gears. Its primary functions include acceleration and deceleration, changing transmission direction, altering torque, clutching, and power distribution.

[0003] However, the shift mechanism of traditional transmissions relies on a shift fork, which moves the shift gear up and down to engage different gears, thereby switching gears and ultimately achieving the transmission's speed change. However, existing shift fork shifting mechanisms have the following shortcomings: 1. A space for the shift fork must be reserved inside the transmission, and shifting with the shift fork requires an external hydraulic cylinder, which increases the size of the transmission. 2. The shift fork is susceptible to wear from prolonged friction with the gear ring groove, which can cause gears to not engage correctly or even drop out of gear. In severe cases, the shift fork may even break. 3. The transmission gear is connected to the shaft core via a spline. As the transmission gear slides within the spline groove, the friction contact surface is large, causing faster wear. Iron powder released from wear can also contaminate the bearings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the problems existing in the existing related technologies to a certain extent. To this end, the present invention proposes a structure and method for achieving gear shifting by sliding an idle gear on the shaft with the sliding of a shaft core.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The sliding of the shaft core drives the sliding of the idle gear on the shaft to realize gear shifting, which includes a box body, in which an input shaft, an output shaft and a sliding shaft are respectively arranged, an input double gear is arranged on the input shaft, and an output double gear is arranged on the output shaft. An upper cylinder body with an opening at the lower end is arranged at the upper end of the box body, an upper medium interface is arranged on the upper cylinder body, a lower cylinder body with an opening at the upper end is arranged in the box body, and a lower medium interface is arranged on the lower cylinder body. The two ends of the sliding shaft are respectively movable up and down in the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body, and a speed change gear set is rotatably sleeved on the sliding shaft. A locking device is also provided on the box body, and the locking device can limit and lock the axial sliding and axial rotation of the sliding shaft.

[0007] The present invention also provides a shifting method, which adopts the above-mentioned structure in which the sliding of the shaft core drives the sliding of the idle gear on the shaft to realize the shifting. The shifting structure includes a first speed change state and a second speed change state.

[0008] Shifting from the first speed state to the second speed state:

[0009] a1: The front end of the positioning pin is driven by the cylinder to be placed in the vertical slide groove;

[0010] a2: The upper medium interface is for air intake, and the lower medium interface is for exhaust. The sliding shaft drives the speed change gear set to slide downward, and the first speed change gear is disengaged from the first input gear and the first output gear respectively, while the second input gear is engaged with the second speed change gear, and the third speed change gear is engaged with the second output gear;

[0011] a3: The cylinder drives the front end of the positioning pin to extend into the first positioning groove.

[0012] Shifting from the second speed state to the first speed state:

[0013] b1: The front end of the positioning pin is driven by the cylinder to be placed in the vertical slide groove;

[0014] b2: The lower medium interface is inlet and the upper medium interface is exhaust. The sliding shaft drives the speed change gear set to slide upward, the second input gear is disengaged from the second speed change gear, the third speed change gear is disengaged from the second output gear, and the first speed change gear is engaged with the first input gear and the first output gear respectively;

[0015] b3: The cylinder drives the front end of the positioning pin to extend into the second positioning groove.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. It replaces the traditional shift fork shifting structure, so there is no need to reserve space for the shift fork inside the speed change gearbox, resulting in a more compact structure, high transmission efficiency and reliable operation.

[0018] 2. There is no need for an external oil cylinder, which frees up a space and reduces weight. In addition, the space can be used to add special parts or special designs, etc., to improve the practicality of the speed change gearbox and meet a wider range of application requirements.

[0019] 3. Since there is no shift fork, the problem of wear of the shift fork due to long-term friction with the gear ring groove is avoided, thereby improving the reliability of the speed change gearbox during operation.

[0020] 4. In addition, it also overcomes the vibration and friction caused by the slip of the traditional speed change gear spline, effectively reducing the generation of noise and vibration.

[0021] 5. A locking device is also provided, which can limit and lock the axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft, thereby improving the stability of the gear transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is one of the cross-sectional schematic diagrams of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a second cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 In the first embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of .

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention in the first speed change state.

[0027] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic top view of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 In the second embodiment of the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross-section at AA.

[0030] Figure 9 In the second embodiment of the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross-section at BB.

[0031] Figure 10 In the second embodiment of the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of point B.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention in the first speed change state.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention when the insertion rod is inserted into the insertion hole.

[0034] Figure 13 Schematic cross-sectional view of the main shaft and piston member according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention when the locking rod extends into the steering locking through hole.

[0036] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention when the locking rod is retracted into the steering locking through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following detailed description provides various embodiments or examples for implementing the present invention. Of course, these are merely examples or embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. Furthermore, repeated reference numerals, such as repeated numbers and / or letters, may be used in different embodiments. Such repetition is for simplicity and clarity in describing the present invention and does not imply a specific relationship between the different embodiments and / or configurations discussed.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the structure in which the sliding of the shaft core drives the sliding of the idle gear on the shaft to realize gear shifting includes a housing 1, in which an input shaft 2, an output shaft 3 and a sliding shaft 8 are respectively arranged, an input double gear 4 is arranged on the input shaft 2, and an output double gear 5 is arranged on the output shaft 3, an upper cylinder body 6 with an opening at the lower end is arranged at the upper end of the housing 1, an upper medium interface 9 is arranged on the upper cylinder body 6, a lower cylinder body 7 with an opening at the upper end is arranged in the housing 1, and a lower medium interface 10 is arranged on the lower cylinder body 7, the two ends of the sliding shaft 8 are respectively movable up and down in the upper cylinder body 6 and the lower cylinder body 7, a speed change gear set is rotatably sleeved on the sliding shaft 8, and a locking device is also provided on the housing 1, which can limit and lock the axial sliding and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8.

[0040] During gear shifting, air or liquid is introduced through the upper medium interface 9, and air or liquid is discharged through the lower medium interface 10, so that the sliding shaft 8 drives the speed change gear set to move downward to achieve speed shifting; similarly, air or liquid is discharged through the upper medium interface 9, and air or liquid is introduced through the lower medium interface 10, so that the sliding shaft 8 drives the speed change gear set to move upward to achieve speed shifting.

[0041] It should be noted that the upper medium interface 9 and the lower medium interface 10 can be connected to gas or liquid, that is, they can be driven by pneumatic transmission or hydraulic oil.

[0042] According to the above structure, the traditional shift fork shifting structure is abandoned, so that there is no need to reserve space for the shift fork inside the speed change gear box, thereby making the structure more compact, the transmission efficiency higher, and the operation more reliable.

[0043] There is no need for an external oil cylinder, which frees up a space and reduces weight. In addition, the space can be used to add special parts or special designs, etc., to improve the practicality of the speed change gearbox and meet a wider range of application requirements.

[0044] Since there is no shift fork, the problem of wear of the shift fork due to long-term friction with the gear ring groove is avoided, thereby improving the reliability of the speed change gearbox during operation.

[0045] In addition, it also overcomes the vibration and friction caused by the slip of the traditional speed change gear spline, effectively reducing the generation of noise and vibration.

[0046] Moreover, the locking device can limit and lock the axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8, thereby improving the stability of the gear transmission.

[0047] See also Figure 5 As shown, the input double gear 4 includes a first input gear 21 and a second input gear 22 spaced apart from each other, and the output double gear 5 includes a first output gear 23 and a second output gear 24 spaced apart from each other.

[0048] See also Figure 3 As shown, a bearing 31 is sleeved on the sliding shaft 8, and the speed change gear set includes a gear sleeve 32 sleeved on the bearing 31, and a first speed change gear 33, a second speed change gear 34 and a third speed change gear 35 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the gear sleeve 32.

[0049] The shift structure has two speed change states, the first speed change state is 1:1 transmission, and the second speed change state is 1:4 transmission.

[0050] Of course, the above two transmission ratios are only preferred implementations of this embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementations. As long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by any same or similar means, they should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] In the first speed-changing state, the sliding shaft 8 is located at the upper position, and at this time, the first input gear 21, the first speed-changing gear 33 and the first output gear 23 can be meshed in sequence.

[0052] In the second speed change state, the sliding shaft 8 is located at the lower position. At this time, the second input gear 22 is engaged with the second speed change gear 34 , and the third speed change gear 35 is engaged with the second output gear 24 .

[0053] See also Figure 3-Figure 6 As shown, the locking device includes a cylinder mounting base 100 arranged at the upper end of the box body 1, a cylinder 11 is installed on the cylinder mounting base 100, a through hole 12 is provided on one side of the upper cylinder body 6, a vertical slide groove 13 is provided on one side of the upper end of the sliding shaft 8, a first positioning groove 14 is provided at the upper end of the vertical slide groove 13, and a second positioning groove 15 is provided at the lower end of the vertical slide groove 13. A magnetic piston 16 is provided in the cylinder 11, and a positioning pin 17 is provided on the magnetic piston 16. One end of the positioning pin 17 can be movably extended into the vertical slide groove 13 or the first positioning groove 14 or the second positioning groove 15.

[0054] When the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the vertical slide groove 13, the sliding shaft 8 can slide axially; when the front end of the positioning pin 17 extends into the first positioning groove 14, it is in the second speed change state, that is, the second input gear 22 is engaged with the second speed gear 34, and the third speed gear 35 is engaged with the second output gear 24; and when the front end of the positioning pin 17 extends into the second positioning groove 15, it is in the first speed change state, that is, the first input gear 21, the first speed gear 33 and the first output gear 23 can be engaged in sequence.

[0055] Furthermore, the rear end of the positioning pin 17 passes through the outside of the cylinder 11, and a sensor 101 is provided on the rear side of the cylinder mounting seat 100. The sensor 101 is used to detect the position of the positioning pin 17, and when the sensor 101 detects the positioning pin 17, the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the vertical slide groove 13; thus, when the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the vertical slide groove 13, at this time, the rear end of the positioning pin 17 is detected by the sensor 101, and the detection information is fed back, so that the operator can know that the sliding shaft 8 is capable of axial sliding.

[0056] Furthermore, a first magnetic sensor 102 for detecting the position of the magnetic piston 16 is provided on one side of the cylinder 11 , and when the first magnetic sensor 102 detects the magnetic piston 16 , the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the first positioning groove 14 .

[0057] A second magnetic sensor 103 for detecting the position of the magnetic piston 16 is further provided on one side of the cylinder 11 , and when the second magnetic sensor 103 detects the magnetic piston 16 , the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the second positioning groove 15 .

[0058] It should be noted that the depths of the first positioning groove 14 and the second positioning groove 15 are different, so when the positioning pin 17 extends into the first positioning groove 14 or the second positioning groove 15, the depth of its extension is different, so that the two positions of the positioning pin 17 can be detected by the first magnetic sensor 102 or the second magnetic sensor 103, and it can be clearly known that the positioning pin 17 is in the first positioning groove 14 or the second positioning groove 15, and then it can be known whether the sliding shaft 8 is in the correct position after sliding, and at the same time it can be known whether it is in the first speed change state or the second speed change state.

[0059] In the present invention, sealing rings 91 are provided at both ends of the sliding shaft 8 to avoid air or liquid leakage. In addition, the vibration generated by the sliding shaft 8 can be eliminated, thereby improving the stability of the speed change gear set when the sliding shaft 8 rotates.

[0060] According to the shifting structure of the first embodiment, a shifting method is also provided. The shifting structure includes a first speed shifting state and a second speed shifting state. Specifically:

[0061] Shifting from the first speed state to the second speed state:

[0062] a1: The cylinder 11 drives the front end of the positioning pin 17 to be placed in the vertical slide groove 13;

[0063] a2: The upper medium interface 9 is for air intake, and the lower medium interface 10 is for exhaust. The sliding shaft 8 drives the speed change gear set to slide downward. The first speed change gear 33 is disengaged from the first input gear 21 and the first output gear 23 respectively, while the second input gear 22 is engaged with the second speed change gear 34, and the third speed change gear 35 is engaged with the second output gear 24;

[0064] a3: The cylinder 11 works to drive the front end of the positioning pin 17 into the first positioning groove 14.

[0065] Shifting from the second speed state to the first speed state:

[0066] b1: The cylinder 11 drives the front end of the positioning pin 17 to be placed in the vertical slide groove 13;

[0067] b2: The lower medium interface 10 is used for air intake, and the upper medium interface 9 is used for exhaust. The sliding shaft 8 drives the speed change gear set to slide upward, the second input gear 22 is disengaged from the second speed change gear 34, the third speed change gear 35 is disengaged from the second output gear 24, and the first speed change gear 33 is engaged with the first input gear 21 and the first output gear 23 respectively;

[0068] b3: The cylinder 11 works to drive the front end of the positioning pin 17 into the second positioning groove 15.

[0069] Of course, after the gear shift is completed, the position of the positioning pin 17 can be detected by the sensor 101, the first magnetic sensor 102 and the second magnetic sensor 103, so as to clearly know whether the gear shift is successful.

[0070] Example 2:

[0071] The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the different structures of the sliding shaft 8 and the locking device.

[0072] like Figure 7-Figure 15The structure shown in which the shaft core slides and the idle gear on the shaft slides to achieve gear shifting includes a housing 1, in which an input shaft 2, an output shaft 3 and a sliding shaft 8 are respectively arranged, an input double gear 4 is arranged on the input shaft 2, and an output double gear 5 is arranged on the output shaft 3, an upper cylinder body 6 with an open lower end is arranged at the upper end of the housing 1, an upper medium interface 9 is arranged on the upper cylinder body 6, a lower cylinder body 7 with an open upper end is arranged in the housing 1, and a lower medium interface 10 is arranged on the lower cylinder body 7, the two ends of the sliding shaft 8 are respectively movable up and down in the upper cylinder body 6 and the lower cylinder body 7, a speed change gear set is rotatably sleeved on the sliding shaft 8, and a locking device is also provided on the housing 1, which can limit and lock the axial sliding and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8.

[0073] See also Figure 10 、 Figure 13-15 As shown, the sliding shaft 8 includes a main shaft body 41 and a piston member 42 axially telescopically arranged at the upper end of the main shaft body 41, the lower end of the piston member 42 is separated by a guide column 43, and the upper end of the main shaft body 41 is separated by a guide groove 44, an inner ring 45 is provided in the guide groove 44, the guide column 43 is inserted into the inner ring 45 up and down, and a stop flange 46 is provided at the lower end of the guide column 43, and a first spring 47 is also provided in the guide groove 44, the first spring 47 is sleeved on the guide column 43, and the upper end abuts on the piston member 42, and the lower end abuts on the inner ring 45; thereby, the piston member 42 can realize telescopic movement under the cooperation of the guide column 43 and the inner ring 45, and when there is no external force, under the action of the first spring 47 and the stop flange 46, the piston member 42 can be kept separated from the main shaft body 41.

[0074] It should be noted that the piston 42 and the main shaft body 41 can be switched between the separation state and the contact state through the cooperation of the air inlet and outlet of the upper medium interface 9 and the lower medium interface 10 .

[0075] The locking device includes a vertical cavity 48 provided at the upper end of the main shaft body 41, and a transverse cavity 49 is connected to the lower end of the vertical cavity 48. A driving member 410 slides up and down in the vertical cavity 48, and a driving inclined surface 411 is provided at the lower end of the driving member 410. A locking rod 412 slides transversely in the transverse cavity 49. The outer end of the locking rod 412 can be movably extended out of the main shaft body 41, and a transmission member 413 is provided at the inner end. A transmission inclined surface 414 is provided on the transmission member 413, and the driving inclined surface 411 abuts against the transmission inclined surface 414. A second spring 413 is connected between the transmission member 413 and the inner wall of the transverse cavity 49. 18. A limiting slot is provided on the inner side wall of the upper cylinder body 6, and the outer end of the locking rod 412 is provided in the limiting slot, wherein the limiting slot includes a vertical limiting slot 416 and a steering locking through hole 417 provided at the upper and lower ends of the vertical limiting slot 416. When the piston member 42 is separated from the main shaft body 41, the upper end of the driving member 410 extends out of the vertical cavity 48, and the outer end of the locking rod 412 is located in the vertical limiting slot 416. When the piston member 42 abuts against the main shaft body 41, the driving member 410 moves inward and presses the transmission member 413, so that the locking rod 412 extends into the steering locking through hole 417.

[0076] When the piston member 42 and the main shaft body 41 remain in a separated state, under the action of the second spring 418, the transmission member 413 and the locking rod 412 are pushed inward, so that the locking rod 412 is retracted into the steering locking through hole 417 and is located in the vertical limit groove 416. At the same time, the transmission inclined surface 414 of the transmission member 413 pushes the driving inclined surface 411 of the driving member 410, so that the driving member 410 moves upward along the vertical cavity 48; at this time, the piston member 42 and the main shaft body 41 can slide up and down in the upper cylinder body 6, and the locking rod 412 can be limited by the vertical limit groove 416, so that the up and down movement of the piston member 42 and the main shaft body 41 can be guided and limited, thereby improving the stability during gear shifting.

[0077] Since the sliding shaft 8 in the speed change gearbox of the present invention does not rotate, the speed change transmission is performed by the rotation of the speed change gear set. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability of the speed change gear set during rotation, the inventors limit and lock the axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8. The specific principle is as follows:

[0078] The piston member 42 moves toward the main shaft body 41 and maintains a contact and fitting state. At this time, the piston member 42 moves downward and presses the driving member 410, and the driving member 410 pushes the transmission member 413 downward, so that the locking rod 412 moves outward and extends into the steering locking through hole 417, thereby limiting the axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8, thereby improving the stability of the gear transmission.

[0079] See also Figure 10 As shown, a support box body is further provided outside the upper cylinder body 6, and detection switches 52 are spaced apart above and below the support box body. The two detection switches 52 are respectively provided on the outsides of the two steering lock through holes 417, and when the locking rod 412 extends into the steering lock through hole 417, the corresponding detection switch 52 is pushed; by pushing and triggering the detection switch 52 by the locking rod 412, it can detect whether the locking rod 412 is in a locked state, thereby ensuring the stability of the gear transmission.

[0080] Further, see Figure 10 、 Figure 12 As shown, a micro motor 61 is further provided in the support box body, and a micro gear 62 is provided on the output shaft of the micro motor 61. A rack 63 capable of engaging with the micro gear 62 is provided on one side of the upper cylinder body 6 and located in the support box body and sliding up and down. The rack 63 is located between the two steering locking through holes 417, and an insertion rod 64 is provided at the upper and lower ends of the rack 63. A vertical through-hole 65 is provided at the outer end of the locking rod 412. When the locking rod 412 extends into the steering locking through hole 417, the insertion rod 64 can be inserted into the insertion hole 65.

[0081] When the locking rod 412 pushes and triggers the detection switch 52, ensuring that the locking rod 412 is in a locked state in the steering lock through hole 417, the micro motor 61 works to drive the micro gear 62 to rotate, the micro gear 62 engages with the rack 63, and the rack 63 drives the insertion rod 64 to move and insert the insertion rod 64 into the socket 65 of the locking rod 412, further improving the stability of the locking rod 412 when locked.

[0082] The input double gear 4 includes a first input gear 21 and a second input gear 22 spaced apart from each other, and the output double gear 5 includes a first output gear 23 and a second output gear 24 spaced apart from each other.

[0083] Furthermore, a bearing 31 is sleeved on the main shaft body 41, and the speed change gear set includes a gear sleeve 32 sleeved on the bearing 31, and a first speed change gear 33, a second speed change gear 34 and a third speed change gear 35 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the gear sleeve 32.

[0084] The speed change gearbox has two speed change states, the first speed change state is 1:1 transmission, and the second speed change state is 1:4 transmission.

[0085] In the first speed-changing state, the sliding shaft 8 is located at the upper position, and at this time, the first input gear 21, the first speed-changing gear 33 and the first output gear 23 can be meshed in sequence.

[0086] In the second speed change state, the sliding shaft 8 is located at the lower position. At this time, the second input gear 22 is engaged with the second speed change gear 34 , and the third speed change gear 35 is engaged with the second output gear 24 .

[0087] Of course, the above two transmission ratios are only preferred implementations of this embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementations. As long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by any same or similar means, they should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0088] In the present invention, a sealing ring 91 is provided on the lower end of the main shaft 41 and the piston 42 .

[0089] According to the shifting structure of the second embodiment, the present invention further provides a shifting method, which adopts the above-mentioned shifting structure. The shifting structure includes a first speed change state and a second speed change state, and is characterized in that:

[0090] Shifting from the first speed state to the second speed state:

[0091] a1: The upper medium interface 9 is exhausted first, and the lower medium interface 10 is inoperative. Under the action of the first spring 47, the piston member 42 moves upward and separates from the main shaft body 41. Then, under the action of the second spring 418, the locking rod 412 retracts into the steering lock through hole 417, and the outer end of the locking rod 412 is located in the vertical limit groove 416. The transmission inclined surface 414 on the transmission member 413 pushes the driving inclined surface 411 on the driving member 410, causing the upper end of the driving member 410 to extend out of the vertical cavity 48.

[0092] a2: Air is taken in from the upper medium interface 9 and exhausted from the lower medium interface 10 at the same time. The piston 42 and the main shaft body 41 slide downward simultaneously. The first speed gear 33 disengages from the first input gear 21 and the first output gear 23 respectively. The second input gear 22 engages with the second speed gear 34, and the third speed gear 35 engages with the second output gear 24.

[0093] a3: The upper medium interface 9 continues to take in air, while the lower medium interface 10 stops exhausting air. The piston member 42 moves downward and presses the driving member 410. The driving member 410 pushes the transmission member 413, causing the locking rod 412 to move outward and extend into the steering locking through hole 417.

[0094] Shifting from the second speed state to the first speed state:

[0095] b1: The upper medium interface 9 is exhausted first, and the lower medium interface 10 is inoperative. Under the action of the first spring 47, the piston member 42 moves upward and separates from the main shaft body 41. Then, under the action of the second spring 418, the locking rod 412 retracts into the steering lock through hole 417, and the outer end of the locking rod 412 is located in the vertical limit groove 416. The transmission inclined surface 414 on the transmission member 413 pushes the driving inclined surface 411 on the driving member 410, causing the upper end of the driving member 410 to extend out of the vertical cavity 48.

[0096] b2: The upper medium interface 9 continues to exhaust, while the lower medium interface 10 takes in air. The piston 42 and the main shaft body 41 slide upward simultaneously, the second input gear 22 disengages from the second speed gear 34, the third speed gear 35 disengages from the second output gear 24, and the first speed gear 33 engages with the first input gear 21 and the first output gear 23 respectively.

[0097] b3: The lower medium interface 10 stops intake of air, while the upper medium interface 9 intakes air, the piston member 42 moves downward and presses the driving member 410, and the driving member 410 pushes the transmission member 413, thereby causing the locking rod 412 to move outward and extend into the steering locking through hole 417.

[0098] In addition, in order to improve the stability of the locking rod 412 when it extends into the steering locking through hole 417, steps a4 and b4 can be added after steps a3 and b3.

[0099] a4: The micro motor 61 works, driving the micro gear 62 to rotate counterclockwise and engage with the rack 63 , and the rack 63 drives the insertion rod 64 to move downward and insert the insertion rod 64 into the insertion hole 65 .

[0100] In step b4 , the micro motor 61 works to drive the micro gear 62 to rotate clockwise and engage with the rack 63 . The rack 63 drives the insertion rod 64 to move upward and insert the insertion rod 64 into the insertion hole 65 .

[0101] Of course, when performing a speed change, the insertion rod 64 needs to be operated by the micro motor 61 first and separated from the socket 65 before the speed change can be performed, which improves the accuracy and safety of the shifting.

[0102] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A structure for shifting gears by sliding an idle gear on a shaft through the sliding movement of a shaft core, comprising a housing (1), an input shaft (2), an output shaft (3) and a sliding shaft (8) respectively arranged in the housing (1), an input duplex gear (4) arranged on the input shaft (2), and an output duplex gear (5) arranged on the output shaft (3), characterized in that: An upper cylinder (6) with an opening at the lower end is provided at the upper end of the housing (1), and an upper medium interface (9) is provided on the upper cylinder (6). A lower cylinder (7) with an opening at the upper end is provided in the housing (1), and a lower medium interface (10) is provided on the lower cylinder (7). The two ends of the sliding shaft (8) are movable up and down in the upper cylinder (6) and the lower cylinder (7), respectively. A speed change gear set is rotatably sleeved on the sliding shaft (8). A locking device is also provided on the housing (1), and the locking device can limit and lock the axial sliding and axial rotation of the sliding shaft (8). The sliding shaft (8) includes a main shaft (41) and a piston member axially retracted at the upper end of the main shaft (41). (42), the lower end of the piston (42) is separated by a guide column (43), the upper end of the main shaft (41) is separated by a guide groove (44), an inner ring (45) is provided in the guide groove (44), the guide column (43) is inserted into the inner ring (45) up and down, and a stop flange (46) is provided at the lower end of the guide column (43), and a first spring (47) is further provided in the guide groove (44), the first spring (47) is sleeved on the guide column (43), and the upper end abuts on the piston (42), and the lower end abuts on the inner ring (45), the locking device includes a vertical cavity (48) provided at the upper end of the main shaft (41), in the vertical cavity (48) The lower end is connected to a transverse cavity (49), a driving member (410) is slid up and down in the vertical cavity (48), a driving inclined surface (411) is provided at the lower end of the driving member (410), a locking rod (412) is slid transversely in the transverse cavity (49), the outer end of the locking rod (412) can be movably extended out of the main shaft (41), and a transmission member (413) is provided at the inner end, a transmission inclined surface (414) is provided on the transmission member (413), the driving inclined surface (411) is against the transmission inclined surface (414), a second spring (418) is connected between the transmission member (413) and the inner wall of the transverse cavity (49), and a spring (418) is provided on the inner wall of the upper cylinder body (6). A limiting slot is provided, and the outer end of the locking rod (412) is arranged in the limiting slot, wherein the limiting slot includes a vertical limiting slot (416) and a steering locking through hole (417) arranged at the upper and lower ends of the vertical limiting slot (416); when the piston member (42) is separated from the main shaft body (41), the upper end of the driving member (410) extends out of the vertical cavity (48), and the outer end of the locking rod (412) is located in the vertical limiting slot (416); and when the piston member (42) abuts against the main shaft body (41), the driving member (410) moves inward and presses the transmission member (413), thereby causing the locking rod (412) to extend into the steering locking through hole (417).

2. The structure of shifting by sliding the idle gear on the shaft by sliding the shaft core according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support box body is further provided outside the upper cylinder body (6), and detection switches (52) are spaced apart at upper and lower portions of the support box body. The two detection switches (52) are respectively provided on the outer sides of the two steering lock through holes (417), and when the locking rod (412) extends into the steering lock through hole (417), the corresponding detection switch (52) is actuated.

3. The structure of shifting by sliding the idle gear on the shaft by sliding the shaft core according to claim 2, characterized in that: A micro motor (61) is further provided in the support box body, a micro gear (62) is provided on the output shaft of the micro motor (61), a rack (63) capable of engaging with the micro gear (62) is provided on one side of the upper cylinder body (6) and is located in the support box body and slides up and down, the rack (63) is located between the two steering lock through holes (417), and an insertion rod (64) is provided at both the upper and lower ends of the rack (63), and an insertion hole (65) is provided at the outer end of the locking rod (412), which is passed through from top to bottom. When the locking rod (412) extends into the steering lock through hole (417), the insertion rod (64) can be inserted into the insertion hole (65).

4. The structure of shifting by sliding the idle gear on the shaft by sliding the shaft core according to claim 3, characterized in that: The input double gear (4) includes a first input gear (21) and a second input gear (22) spaced apart from each other, and the output double gear (5) includes a first output gear (23) and a second output gear (24) spaced apart from each other.

5. The structure of shifting by sliding the idle gear on the shaft by sliding the shaft core according to claim 4, characterized in that: A bearing (31) is sleeved on the main shaft (41), and the speed change gear set includes a gear sleeve (32) sleeved on the bearing (31). A first speed change gear (33), a second speed change gear (34) and a third speed change gear (35) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the gear sleeve (32). In a first speed change state, the first input gear (21), the first speed change gear (33) and the first output gear (23) can be meshed in sequence. In a second speed change state, the second input gear (22) is meshed with the second speed change gear (34), and the third speed change gear (35) is meshed with the second output gear (24).

6. The structure of shifting by sliding the idle gear on the shaft by sliding the shaft core according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring (91) is provided on the lower end of the main shaft body (41) and the piston member (42).

7. A method for shifting gears, using the structure of claim 5 wherein the shaft core slides to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide to achieve shifting, the shifting structure including a first shifting state and a second shifting state, characterized in that: Shifting from the first speed state to the second speed state: a1: The upper medium interface (9) is exhausted first, and the lower medium interface (10) is not in operation. Under the action of the first spring (47), the piston member (42) moves upward and separates from the main shaft body (41). Then, under the action of the second spring (418), the locking rod (412) retracts into the steering locking through hole (417), and the outer end of the locking rod (412) is located in the vertical limiting groove (416). The transmission inclined surface (414) on the transmission member (413) pushes the driving inclined surface (411) on the driving member (410), so that the upper end of the driving member (410) extends out of the vertical cavity (48); a2: The upper medium interface (9) is inlet, and the lower medium interface (10) is exhausted. The piston (42) and the main shaft (41) slide downward simultaneously. The first speed gear (33) is disengaged from the first input gear (21) and the first output gear (23), while the second input gear (22) is engaged with the second speed gear (34), and the third speed gear (35) is engaged with the second output gear (24). a3: The upper medium interface (9) continues to take in air, while the lower medium interface (10) stops exhausting air, the piston member (42) moves downward and presses the driving member (410), and the driving member (410) pushes the transmission member (413), thereby causing the locking rod (412) to move outward and extend into the steering locking through hole (417); Shifting from the second speed state to the first speed state: b1: The upper medium interface (9) is exhausted first, and the lower medium interface (10) is not in operation. Under the action of the first spring (47), the piston member (42) moves upward and separates from the main shaft body (41). Then, under the action of the second spring (418), the locking rod (412) retracts into the steering locking through hole (417), and the outer end of the locking rod (412) is located in the vertical limiting groove (416). The transmission inclined surface (414) on the transmission member (413) pushes the driving inclined surface (411) on the driving member (410), so that the upper end of the driving member (410) extends out of the vertical cavity (48); b2: The upper medium interface (9) continues to exhaust, while the lower medium interface (10) takes in air, the piston (42) and the main shaft (41) slide upward simultaneously, the second input gear (22) disengages from the second speed gear (34), the third speed gear (35) disengages from the second output gear (24), and the first speed gear (33) engages with the first input gear (21) and the first output gear (23) respectively; b3: The lower medium interface (10) stops supplying air, while the upper medium interface (9) starts supplying air. The piston member (42) moves downward and presses the driving member (410). The driving member (410) pushes the transmission member (413), thereby causing the locking rod (412) to move outward and extend into the steering locking through hole (417).

8. The gear shifting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method further includes step a4: the micro motor (61) operates to drive the micro gear (62) to rotate counterclockwise and engage with the rack (63), the rack (63) drives the insertion rod (64) to move downward, and the insertion rod (64) is inserted into the insertion hole (65).

9. The gear shifting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method further includes step b4: the micro motor (61) operates to drive the micro gear (62) to rotate clockwise and engage with the rack (63), the rack (63) drives the insertion rod (64) to move upward, and the insertion rod (64) is inserted into the insertion hole (65).

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