A multi-mode self-positioning tribological wear apparatus

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of friction and wear testing machines, in particular to a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear equipment, which comprises a main rotating shaft, the bottom end of the main rotating shaft is connected with an upper clamp, the upper clamp is in a cylindrical structure, the upper clamp is coaxially connected with the main rotating shaft, the bottom of the upper clamp can be installed with a plurality of upper friction pairs, the plurality of upper friction pairs are circumferentially distributed around the main rotating shaft; the upper clamp is detachably connected with brushes between adjacent upper friction pairs, and all the brushes are circumferentially distributed around the main rotating shaft; a lower clamp is arranged below the upper clamp and is horizontally slidably connected to a base, and the top of the lower clamp can clamp a lower friction pair. The application can improve the stability of the upper friction pairs under the conditions of large load and high rotating speed, and improve the accuracy of the test results by arranging a plurality of upper friction pairs; the brushes can sweep away the wear debris, reduce the friction between the upper friction pairs and the wear debris, and make the test results more accurate. The lower friction pair can realize two modes of fixation and horizontal reciprocating motion under the clamping of the lower clamp.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of friction and wear testing machine technology, and specifically to a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device. Background Technology

[0002] Wear-resistant parts are key components of construction machinery. As construction machinery develops towards larger, more advanced, and more diversified models, the working environment faced by wear-resistant parts is becoming increasingly harsh. High loads and high contact speeds lead to severe wear during service. Friction and wear testing can analyze the wear behavior of wear-resistant parts, providing a better understanding of their wear resistance and that of their materials. This is crucial for improving the performance of wear-resistant parts and materials and extending their service life.

[0003] In friction and wear tests, friction is achieved through the interaction of upper and lower friction pairs to obtain experimental data. Depending on the type of friction pair, there are typically ball-and-disc and pin-and-disc friction and wear patterns. Pin-and-disc friction and wear primarily simulates the wear conditions experienced during abrasive wear, better reflecting the actual working conditions faced by engineering machinery. During the friction and wear test, the upper and lower friction pairs generate wear debris through surface-to-surface friction. In the initial stage of the test, especially under low load and low speed conditions, due to fewer external interference factors, the contact surfaces between the upper and lower friction pairs can maintain a good fit, and the contact force distribution is uniform and stable. This helps reduce additional wear caused by uneven contact, making the test results closer to reality. At this time, the generation of wear debris also tends to be regular, facilitating the analysis of material wear mechanisms and wear rates.

[0004] However, under heavy loads and high speeds, the contact between a single pin and the pin disc is often unstable, resulting in poor surface-to-surface contact and a significant increase in torque between the upper and lower friction pairs, which reduces the service life of the equipment and affects the experimental results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem that in existing friction and wear tests, the upper friction pair is prone to instability under high load and high speed, leading to poor contact between the upper and lower friction pairs, reducing the lifespan of the friction and wear test equipment, and affecting the experimental results, this invention provides a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device includes a main rotating shaft, the bottom end of which is connected to an upper clamp. The upper clamp is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially connected to the main rotating shaft. Several upper friction pairs can be installed at the bottom of the upper clamp, and the upper friction pairs are distributed circumferentially around the main rotating shaft. Brushes are detachably connected between adjacent upper friction pairs of the upper clamp, and all brushes are distributed circumferentially around the main rotating shaft. A lower clamp is provided below the upper clamp, and the lower clamp is horizontally slidably connected to a base. The top of the lower clamp can hold the lower friction pairs.

[0008] By adopting the above structural design and setting multiple upper friction pairs, the stability of the upper friction pairs under high load and high speed conditions can be improved, thus increasing the accuracy of the test results. Simultaneously, a brush is installed to remove the wear debris generated by the friction between the upper and lower friction pairs, sweeping the debris off the contact surface and reducing the friction between the upper friction pairs and the wear debris, resulting in more accurate test results. The lower friction pair, held by the lower clamp, can achieve both fixed and horizontal reciprocating motion modes, enabling this application to perform both rotary friction and wear tests and reciprocating friction and wear tests.

[0009] As a preferred implementation method for a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, the upper friction pair is a pin, and the lower friction pair is a pin disc.

[0010] As a preferred implementation of a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, the top of the upper clamp has several clamping holes, and clamping bolts are threaded into the clamping holes. The axial direction of the clamping holes is parallel to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft. The clamping holes are distributed circumferentially around the main rotating shaft. The bottom of the upper clamp has several mounting holes, and each mounting hole is coaxially connected to a clamping hole. The inner diameter of the mounting hole is larger than the inner diameter of the clamping hole, and the mounting hole can be clearance-fitted with the upper friction pair. An elastic element is installed in the mounting hole. The bottom of the elastic element can abut against the top of the upper friction pair, and the top of the elastic element can abut against the bottom end of the clamping bolt.

[0011] Using the above structural design, the spring and upper friction pairs are sequentially installed into the mounting holes from the bottom of the upper clamp, allowing the main shaft to descend vertically until the upper and lower friction pairs contact each other. Through the action of the springs, all upper friction pairs automatically adjust their height difference, thus enabling them to abut against the top surface of the lower friction pairs. After all upper friction pairs are in complete contact with the lower friction pairs, a tightening bolt is screwed into the tightening hole from the top of the upper clamp. Tightening the tightening bolt restricts the vertical movement of the upper friction pairs.

[0012] As a preferred implementation of a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, the outer circumferential surface of the upper clamp has several radial holes, the axial direction of which is set along the radial direction of the upper clamp, each radial hole is connected to a mounting hole, and a positioning bolt is threaded into the radial hole.

[0013] Using the above structural scheme, a positioning bolt is screwed into the radial hole. After the positioning bolt is tightened, it can abut against the outer circumferential surface of the upper friction pair, restricting the movement of the upper friction pair in the radial direction and preventing the upper friction pair from shaking during the test.

[0014] As a preferred implementation of a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, the length of the brush is less than the length of the upper friction pair along the axial direction of the main rotating shaft.

[0015] With the above structural design, there is no contact between the brush and the lower friction pair, and only the wear debris on the running surface is cleaned, reducing the influence of the brush on the test results.

[0016] As a preferred implementation of a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, the intersection of the axis of the main rotating shaft and the bottom surface of the upper clamp is point O, the midpoint of the line connecting two adjacent upper friction pairs is point P, and the line connecting the brush between two adjacent upper friction pairs and point O passes through point P.

[0017] The above structural design allows the brush to more thoroughly clean up abrasive debris.

[0018] As a preferred implementation of a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, the distance between the brush and point P between two adjacent upper friction pairs is less than the distance between point O and point P.

[0019] The above structural design further enables the brush to clean up abrasive debris more comprehensively and in a more timely manner.

[0020] As a preferred implementation of a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, the lower clamp is provided with an air outlet on its exterior, which is connected to an air source and faces the top surface of the lower clamp. The airflow path of the air outlet is flush with the top surface of the lower clamp. A negative pressure collection device is provided on the exterior of the lower clamp, which is opposite to the air outlet.

[0021] With the above structural design, the air outlet can collect some of the wear debris generated by friction in the direction of the airflow from the air outlet, avoiding the high-temperature wear debris from sticking to the lower clamp and reducing the impact on the clamping accuracy of the lower clamp; the negative pressure collection device can collect the wear debris blown away by the air outlet, keeping the test site clean.

[0022] As a preferred implementation of a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, a sliding rail is provided on one side of the base, the lower clamp is slidably connected to the sliding rail, one side of the lower clamp is connected to one end of the push rod, the push rod is arranged parallel to the sliding rail, the other end of the push rod is connected to the drive structure, the drive mechanism can push the push rod to move in the axial direction, and the drive structure is connected to the base.

[0023] With the above structural design, the drive mechanism can drive the push rod to move left and right, thereby causing the lower clamp to move horizontally reciprocally along the sliding track, thus giving the lower friction pair a reciprocating motion mode. When the drive mechanism stops driving, the push rod is fixed in position, and under the constraint of the push rod, the lower clamp can be fixed on the sliding track, thereby fixing the position of the lower friction pair.

[0024] As a preferred implementation of a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, it also includes a main body of the device, with the top of the main shaft connected to a motor, which can drive the main shaft to rotate. Both the motor and the base are mounted on the main body of the device.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention include:

[0026] By setting multiple upper friction pairs, the stability of the upper friction pairs under high loads and high speeds can be improved, thus increasing the accuracy of test results. Simultaneously, brushes are installed to remove wear debris generated by the friction between the upper and lower friction pairs, sweeping the debris off the running-in surface and reducing friction between the upper friction pairs and the wear debris, resulting in more accurate test results. The lower friction pair, held by the lower clamp, can achieve both fixed and horizontal reciprocating motion modes. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main rotating shaft and the upper clamp in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a half-sectional view of the main rotating shaft and the upper clamp in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the upper clamp structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lower clamp and the base in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main rotating shaft, upper clamp, lower clamp, and base in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] List of components and reference numerals:

[0035] 1. Main shaft; 2. Upper clamp; 3. Tightening bolt; 4. Elastic element; 5. Upper friction pair; 6. Positioning bolt; 7. Brush; 8. Lower clamp; 9. Screw; 10. Lower friction pair; 11. Base; 12. Push rod; 13. Sliding rail; 14. Equipment body; 15. Display control panel; 16. Air outlet; 17. Negative pressure collection device; 18. Motor. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] Reference Figure 1-6 This embodiment proposes a multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, including a device body 14, a table, and a display control panel 15 above one side of the table. The display control panel 15 is electrically connected to a controller, which is located inside the device body 14.

[0038] The top of the main body 14 is connected to the motor 18, which is electrically connected to the controller. The motor 18 is also connected to the top of the main shaft 1, which is vertically positioned. The motor 18 can drive the main shaft 1 to rotate. The bottom of the main shaft 1 is connected to the upper clamp 2, which is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially connected to the main shaft 1. The upper clamp 2 has several tightening holes at its top, each threaded with a tightening bolt 3. The axial direction of the tightening holes is parallel to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 1. The tightening holes are circumferentially distributed around the main rotating shaft 1. The lower part of the upper clamp 2 has several mounting holes, each coaxially connected to a tightening hole. The inner diameter of the mounting hole is larger than that of the tightening hole, allowing for clearance fit with the upper friction pair 5, which is a pin. An elastic element 4 is installed in the mounting hole, its bottom abutting against the top of the upper friction pair 5, and its top abutting against the bottom of the tightening bolt 3. The outer circumferential surface of the upper clamp 2 has several radial holes, axially aligned with the radial direction of the upper clamp 2. Each radial hole is connected to a mounting hole, and a positioning bolt 6 is threaded into each radial hole. Thus, several upper friction pairs 5 can be mounted on the bottom of the upper clamp 2, and these upper friction pairs 5 are circumferentially distributed around the main rotating shaft 1.

[0039] The upper clamp 2 is detachably connected to brushes 7 between adjacent upper friction pairs 5, and all brushes 7 are circumferentially distributed around the main rotating shaft 1. Along the axial direction of the main rotating shaft 1, the length of each brush 7 is 0.1mm-1mm shorter than that of the upper friction pairs 5. The intersection of the axis of the main rotating shaft 1 and the bottom surface of the upper clamp 2 is point O. The midpoint of the line connecting two adjacent upper friction pairs 5 is point P, and the line connecting the brushes 7 between two adjacent upper friction pairs 5 and point O passes through point P. The distance between the brushes 7 between two adjacent upper friction pairs 5 and point P is less than the distance between point O and point P. The lower clamp 8 has an external air outlet 16 connected to an air source, facing the top surface of the lower clamp 8, and the airflow path from the outlet 16 is flush with the top surface of the lower clamp 8. The lower clamp 8 also has an external negative pressure collection device 17 opposite to the air outlet 16. Both the air outlet 16 and the negative pressure collection device 17 are installed on the main body of the equipment 14.

[0040] A lower clamp 8 is provided below the upper clamp 2. The top of the lower clamp 8 has a clamping groove, and the four sides of the lower clamp 8 have threaded holes that communicate with the clamping groove. The clamping groove is used to place the lower friction pair 10. A screw 9 is screwed into the threaded hole, and the screw 9 abuts against the side wall of the lower friction pair 10 inside the clamping groove, thereby clamping the lower friction pair 10. In this embodiment, the lower friction pair 10 is a pin plate.

[0041] The lower clamp 8 is horizontally slidably connected to the base 11, which is mounted on a table. A sliding rail 13 is provided on one side of the base 11. In this embodiment, the sliding rail 13 is in the form of a groove. A protruding slider is provided on the side of the lower clamp 8, which engages with the groove and can slide along it, allowing the lower clamp 8 to be slidably connected to the sliding rail 13. One side of the lower clamp 8 is connected to one end of a push rod 12, which is parallel to the sliding rail 13. The other end of the push rod 12 is connected to a drive mechanism, which can move the push rod 12. The drive mechanism is connected to the base 11 and can be located inside the base 11. The push rod 12 can be an electric telescopic push rod 12, a pneumatic telescopic push rod 12, or a hydraulic telescopic push rod 12. The drive mechanism can drive the push rod 12 to move left and right, thereby causing the lower clamp 8 to move horizontally back and forth along the sliding rail 13, thus giving the lower friction pair 10 a reciprocating motion mode. When the drive mechanism stops driving, the position of push rod 12 is fixed. Under the restriction of push rod 12, the lower clamp 8 can be fixed on the sliding rail 13, thereby fixing the position of the lower friction pair 10.

[0042] This embodiment allows for the adaptation of lower friction pairs 10 of different sizes by disassembling and replacing the lower clamp 8, reducing limitations on sample size. In this embodiment, one end of the track groove is open, allowing the lower clamp 8 to be removed by pulling it out of the track groove.

[0043] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0044] In this embodiment, the lower clamp 8 has two movement modes, enabling the device to perform two types of friction and wear tests: rotational friction and wear test and reciprocating friction and wear test. The first mode activates the drive structure, driving the push rod 12 to push the lower clamp 8 to one side of the track and keeping the push rod 12 fixed, thus fixing the position of the lower clamp 8. At this time, the lower friction pair 10 and the upper friction pair 5 are vertically opposite each other. The drive motor 18 drives the main rotating shaft 1 to press down and rotate, causing the upper friction pair 5 and the lower friction pair 10 to generate rotational friction, achieving the rotational friction and wear test. The second mode locks the main rotating shaft 1, preventing it from rotating. Activating the drive structure, the push rod 12 moves left and right, causing the lower clamp 8 to reciprocate along the sliding track 13. The upper friction pair 5 only presses down without rotating, while the lower friction pair 10 reciprocates, generating friction with the upper friction pair 5, achieving the reciprocating friction and wear test.

[0045] During the rotational friction and wear test, the lower friction pair 10 is fixedly clamped in the lower fixture 8. The spring and upper friction pair 5 are sequentially installed into the mounting holes from the bottom of the upper fixture 2. The main shaft 1 is then moved vertically downwards until the upper friction pair 5 contacts the lower friction pair 10. Through the action of the spring, all upper friction pairs 5 automatically adjust their height difference, allowing them to abut against the top surface of the lower friction pair 10. After all upper friction pairs 5 are in complete contact with the lower friction pair 10, the tightening bolt 3 is screwed into the tightening hole from the top of the upper fixture 2. Tightening the tightening bolt 3 restricts the vertical movement of the upper friction pair 5. The positioning bolt 6 is then screwed into the radial hole. Tightening the positioning bolt 6 allows it to abut against the outer circumferential surface of the upper friction pair 5, restricting its radial movement and preventing vibration during the test. The lower friction pair 10 is clamped on the top of the lower clamp 8, and the main rotating shaft 1 drives the upper friction pair 5 to press down and rotate, so that the rotational friction and wear test can be carried out.

[0046] During the test, brush 7 can sweep the wear debris generated by the friction between the upper friction pair 5 and the lower friction pair 10 off the running surface, reducing the mutual grinding between the upper friction pair 5 and the wear debris, thus making the test results more accurate. Since brush 7 does not contact the running surface, its impact on the test is minimal. The top of brush 7 is connected to the upper clamp 2 by bolts. Under conditions of low load or when the impact of wear debris on the running surface is minimal, brush 7 can be removed or replaced. Brush 7 can be separated from the bolts, thereby enabling brush 7 replacement and meeting the needs of brushes 7 of different lengths and materials.

[0047] The wear debris generated by friction and wear is extremely small and often accompanied by high temperatures. The wear debris brushed off by the brush 7 and normally discharged tends to appear near the lower friction pair 10. As the test proceeds, wear debris is continuously generated and accumulates between the lower friction pair 10 and the lower clamp 8, adhering to the surfaces of the lower clamp 8 and the lower friction pair 10. Among them, the wear debris adhering to the lower friction pair 10 has no effect on the test, but the wear debris adhering to the lower clamp 8 can easily affect the surface accuracy of the clamp if it is not cleaned in time. As the test progresses, the lower clamp 8 needs to be cleaned in a timely manner. At this time, the air outlet 16 can gather some of the wear debris generated by friction in the direction of the airflow from the air outlet 16 and blow it to the negative pressure collection device 17 for collection.

[0048] In this embodiment, three upper friction pairs 5 can be configured to improve the stability of the upper friction pairs 5 and the overall equipment under high load and high speed conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results. The number of upper friction pairs 5 can also be freely set to meet the requirements of different test conditions.

[0049] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device, comprising a main rotating shaft (1), characterized in that, The bottom end of the main rotating shaft (1) is connected to the upper clamp (2). The upper clamp (2) is a cylindrical structure. Several radial holes are opened on the outer circumference of the upper clamp (2). The axial direction of the radial holes is set along the radial direction of the upper clamp (2). Each radial hole is connected to a mounting hole. A positioning bolt (6) is threaded into the radial hole. The upper clamp (2) is coaxially connected to the main rotating shaft (1). Several upper friction pairs (5) can be installed at the bottom of the upper clamp (2). The several upper friction pairs (5) are circumferentially distributed around the main rotating shaft (1). A brush (7) is detachably connected between adjacent upper friction pairs (5) of the upper clamp (2). A brush (7) is arranged in a circle around the main rotating shaft (1); a lower clamp (8) is provided below the upper clamp (2), and an air outlet (16) is provided on the outside of the lower clamp (8). The air outlet (16) is connected to the air source and faces the top surface of the lower clamp (8). The airflow path of the air outlet (16) is flush with the top surface of the lower clamp (8); a negative pressure collection device (17) is provided on the outside of the lower clamp (8), and the negative pressure collection device (17) is opposite to the air outlet (16); the lower clamp (8) is horizontally slidably connected to the base (11), and the top of the lower clamp (8) can hold the lower friction pair (10). The top of the upper clamp (2) has several tightening holes, and tightening bolts (3) are threaded into the tightening holes. The axial direction of the tightening holes is parallel to the axial direction of the main rotating shaft (1). The tightening holes are distributed in a circle around the main rotating shaft (1). The bottom of the upper clamp (2) has several mounting holes. Each mounting hole is coaxially connected to a tightening hole. The inner diameter of the mounting hole is larger than the inner diameter of the tightening hole. The mounting hole can be clearance-fitted with the upper friction pair (5). An elastic element (4) is installed in the mounting hole. The bottom of the elastic element (4) can abut against the top of the upper friction pair (5), and the top of the elastic element (4) can abut against the bottom of the tightening bolt (3). The intersection of the axis of the main rotating shaft (1) and the bottom surface of the upper clamp (2) is point O. The midpoint of the line connecting the two adjacent upper friction pairs (5) is point P. The line connecting the brush (7) between the two adjacent upper friction pairs (5) and point O passes through point P. The distance between the brush (7) between two adjacent upper friction pairs (5) and point P is less than the distance between point O and point P.

2. The multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper friction pair (5) is a pin, and the lower friction pair (10) is a pin disc.

3. The multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the main rotating shaft (1), the length of the brush (7) is less than the length of the upper friction pair (5).

4. The multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sliding rail (13) is provided on one side of the base (11). The lower clamp (8) is slidably connected to the sliding rail (13). One side of the lower clamp (8) is connected to one end of the push rod (12). The push rod (12) is arranged parallel to the sliding rail (13). The other end of the push rod (12) is connected to the drive mechanism. The drive mechanism can push the push rod (12) to move in the axial direction. The drive mechanism is connected to the base (11).

5. The multi-mode self-positioning friction and wear device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device includes a main body (14), the top of the main shaft is connected to a motor (18), the motor (18) can drive the main shaft to rotate, and the motor (18) and the base (11) are both installed on the main body (14).

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