A hot zone gas treatment unit for a solid oxide fuel cell

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hot zone gas processing unit for a solid oxide fuel cell. It is used for gas processing in a fuel cell stack, comprising a combustion tube with a mixer placed horizontally inside, a combustion chamber formed at the lower end of the mixer, an anode exhaust gas delivery pipe and a cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe provided at the upper end of the mixer, both of which are connected to the fuel cell stack and whose lower end is connected to the combustion chamber, and an igniter placed in the combustion chamber; a preheating tube and a heat exchanger are fitted onto the combustion tube, a deionized water delivery pipe, a fuel delivery pipe, and a mixed gas delivery pipe provided on the outside of the preheating tube, the mixed gas delivery pipe being connected to a reformer, a reforming delivery pipe at the lower end of the reformer passing through the heat exchanger and connected to the fuel cell stack, and an air pipe passing through the heat exchanger and then connected to the fuel cell stack. The present invention generates heat by burning the exhaust gas transported by the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe in the combustion chamber, vaporizing the preheated fuel and deionized water, and then, after mixing, the fuel and vaporized deionized water enter the reformer, are heated by the heat exchanger, and then enter the fuel cell stack, thereby achieving heat recovery and utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fixed oxide fuel cells, and in particular relates to a hot zone gas processing unit of a solid oxide fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are highly efficient and clean energy conversion devices that can operate on a variety of fuels, including hydrogen, methane, propane, and methanol. This makes them widely adaptable to diverse applications. SOFCs can be used in distributed power generation systems, providing electricity for homes, commercial buildings, and small factories. Due to their high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and reliability, they are ideally suited as core components of distributed energy systems.

[0003] Currently, solid oxide fuel cell systems are developing towards small size and high power. The size of the hot zone gas processing unit determines the size of the solid oxide fuel cell system. The current design of the hot zone gas processing unit has the following problems:

[0004] 1. Most areas of the gas processing unit operate at temperatures above 500°C, placing high demands on the material's high-temperature resistance. The material must maintain excellent stability at high temperatures while resisting oxidation and corrosion. Currently, commonly used metal materials are prone to forming metal oxides at high temperatures, which can affect heat transfer and long-term stability at best, or even poison the fuel cell stack and reduce catalyst performance at worst. While ceramic materials offer excellent high-temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, they are difficult to process and are costly.

[0005] 2. The hot zone will generate large thermal stress during operation. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials, stress concentration will occur between components when the temperature changes.

[0006] 3. Solid oxide fuel cells generate a significant amount of heat during operation, resulting in uneven temperature distribution in hot zones. High temperatures are concentrated in the center of the stack, while the edges are relatively cooler. This uneven temperature distribution can affect the consistency of cell performance, leading to localized overheating or overcooling, and reducing system efficiency and lifespan.

[0007] 4. Solid oxide fuel cell systems have high thermal efficiency, but some heat still needs to be recovered and utilized to improve the overall efficiency of the system. Heat recovery from the hot zone is a key issue, requiring the design of a well-designed heat exchanger and waste heat utilization system.

[0008] 5. The hot zone needs to maintain a good gas seal to prevent fuel and oxidant leakage while preventing outside air from entering the system. Gas leakage will not only reduce battery performance but also bring safety hazards.

[0009] 6. Solid oxide fuel cell systems consist of multiple components, and the hot zone needs to be effectively integrated with these other components to achieve overall system performance and reliability. For example, the connection and coordinated operation of the hot zone with the fuel supply system, air supply system, power conversion system, etc. require careful design. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a hot zone gas treatment unit for a solid oxide fuel cell, which generates heat by burning the exhaust gas transported by the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe in the combustion chamber, preheating the fuel and deionized water to vaporize them, and the mixed fuel and vaporized deionized water enter the reformer, are heated by a heat exchanger and enter the fuel cell stack, thereby realizing heat recovery and utilization.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0012] A hot zone gas treatment unit for a solid oxide fuel cell, used for gas treatment of a fuel cell stack, comprises a preheating integrated component, a heat exchanger, a reformer and an air pipe, the preheating integrated component comprises a combustion tube, an igniter and a preheating tube, a mixer is horizontally placed in the combustion tube, the upper end of the mixer is provided with an anode exhaust gas delivery pipe and a cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe connected to the fuel cell stack, the lower end of the mixer and the area enclosed by the combustion tube form a combustion chamber, the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe are respectively connected to the combustion chamber, the igniter is placed in the combustion chamber; the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe is an upward extension of the upper end of the combustion tube, and the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe is coaxially placed in the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe; the lower end face of the mixer is provided with an extension pipe extending downward, the lower end face of the extension pipe is provided with a sealing plate connected to the combustion tube, the combustion chamber is arranged in the inner cavity of the extension tube, and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe is connected to the combustion chamber through a plurality of air inlet holes evenly distributed on the outer side wall of the extension tube.

[0013] The preheating tube is sleeved on the upper end of the combustion tube, and the heat exchanger is sleeved on the lower end of the combustion tube. The upper and lower openings of the preheating tube are closed by sealing plates. The area enclosed by the preheating tube, the combustion tube and the sealing plate forms a preheating chamber. The upper end of the preheating tube is provided with a deionized water delivery pipe and a fuel delivery pipe connected to the preheating chamber. The lower end of the preheating tube is provided with a mixed gas delivery pipe connected to the preheating chamber. The mixed gas delivery pipe is connected to the reformer. The reforming delivery pipe at the lower end of the reformer passes through the heat exchanger and is connected to the fuel cell stack. The air pipe passes through the heat exchanger and is connected to the fuel cell stack. The preheating chamber is divided into a vaporization zone, a preheating zone and a mixing zone. The vaporization zone is provided with a bent fin connected up and down. The upper end of the bent fin It is connected to the deionized water delivery pipe; a perforated plate connected up and down is provided in the preheating zone, and the upper end of the perforated plate is connected to the fuel delivery pipe; a plurality of guide plates spirally extending downward along the outer wall of the combustion tube are provided in the mixing zone, the upper ends of the guide plates are respectively connected to the bent fins and the perforated plate, and the lower ends of the guide plates are connected to the mixer delivery pipe; two groups of partition columns are also provided in the preheating chamber, and the two groups of partition columns are vertically arranged on the outer wall of the combustion tube and separate the vaporization zone and the preheating zone from each other; two groups of dispersion plates are also provided in the preheating chamber, and the dispersion plates are provided with evenly distributed dispersion holes, and the two groups of dispersion plates are respectively arranged between the bent fins and the deionized water delivery pipe and between the perforated plate and the fuel delivery pipe.

[0014] The hot zone gas processing unit of the solid oxide fuel cell adopts this structure, and the preheating integrated component is located at the center top of the processing unit. The purpose of setting it here is to consider the temperature uniformity of the hot zone. In the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas transported by the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe can be introduced into the combustion chamber. The heat generated by the ignition of the igniter is used to heat the deionized water in the vaporization zone and vaporize it. The deionized water delivery pipeline is connected to the vaporization zone. The deionized water can be transported by a voltage regulator tube or a constant flow pump, which can make the flow accuracy higher. Since there is a large pressure drop in the vaporization zone, the deionized water delivery pipe can be made of stainless steel to transport the deionized water to the vaporization zone, where it is vaporized by the bent fins heated by the heat, producing vaporized deionized water that flows downward into the mixing zone. On the other hand, the heat is used to preheat the fuel in the preheating zone. The fuel delivery pipe transports methane or hydrogen to the preheating zone. The fuel can be provided by gas cylinders or pipeline gas. The fuel delivery pipe can be made of heat-resistant alloy pipe to transport the fuel to the preheating zone. The fuel in the preheating zone is preheated by the perforated plate heated by the heat and flows downward into the mixing zone.

[0015] The vaporized deionized water and fuel introduced into the mixing zone are combined and mixed in the spiral downward guide plate, and then enter the mixer delivery pipe at the lower end. The mixer delivery pipe delivers the mixed gas into the reformer for reforming. The reformer is located in the middle and lower part of the processing unit to avoid the heat radiation generated by the preheating integrated component. The catalyst inside the reformer cannot exceed 600℃, so it is kept as far away from the high temperature area of the preheating integrated component as possible.

[0016] The heat exchanger is located in the center of the processing unit. The heat exchanger is a plate-type high-temperature heat exchanger with the characteristics of high efficiency, low pressure drop and large flow. On the one hand, it is used to heat the air transported in the air pipe, heating the air from 25°C to 650°C. On the other hand, it is used to heat the reformed gas transported by the reforming delivery pipe at the lower end of the reformer, heating the reformed gas from 450°C to 650°C. The heat source of the heat exchanger comes from the preheating integration component. The flue gas temperature after the exhaust gas of the preheating integration component is burned in the combustion chamber is as high as 900°C. The flue gas flows downward, and its heat enters the heat exchanger fitted at the lower end of the combustion tube. The heat exchanger and the combustion tube are connected by welding, which can reduce the use of seals and achieve higher sealing. An expansion joint can be set at the connection between the heat exchanger and the combustion tube to absorb thermal stress. The heat exchanger uses high-temperature resistant alloy.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes an insulation component, which includes an insulation box, an insulation top plate and an insulation sleeve. The preheating integrated component, heat exchanger, reformer and air pipe are all placed in the insulation box, and the insulation top plate covers the upper opening of the insulation box. The anode exhaust gas delivery pipe, cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe, reforming delivery pipe and air pipe respectively pass through the insulation top plate and are connected to the fuel cell stack; the insulation box and the insulation top plate are sealed by ceramic glue; the insulation sleeve is fitted on the outer wall of the reformer, and the reformer is located at the lower end of the preheating integrated component. The thermal conductivity of the insulation sleeve is not higher than 0.1W / m / k, and the thickness of the insulation sleeve is not less than 50mm.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0019] ① Improve space utilization. The compact design optimizes the layout and integration of the various components of the battery, making the structure of the entire fuel cell system more compact.

[0020] ② Improve energy conversion efficiency and optimize thermal management. In a compact thermal zone design, the heat transfer path is shorter and heat loss is minimized. The heat generated by the system can be used more effectively. The high temperature environment helps the battery reaction, making the fuel oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction more complete, thereby improving the battery's energy conversion efficiency.

[0021] ③ Reduce the gas transmission pressure drop. The compact structural design can make the gas transmission path inside the battery shorter and more direct, reducing the gas transmission resistance.

[0022] ④ Enhance the stability and reliability of the system, improve thermal stability, and the compact hot zone design makes the temperature distribution inside the battery more uniform, reducing local overheating or overcooling.

[0023] ⑤The mechanical structure is more stable. The compact design makes the connection between the various components of the battery closer and the mechanical structure more stable.

[0024] ⑥ Reduce costs and reduce material usage. Through optimized design, the compact hot zone can reduce material usage without affecting performance.

[0025] ⑦ Heat accumulates faster. The compact structure is conducive to the rapid accumulation of heat because heat is more easily accumulated in a smaller space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A top view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 AA cross-sectional view;

[0030] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point C;

[0031] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 BB cross-sectional view;

[0032] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point D;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a rear perspective view of the hidden insulation component of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A local enlarged view of point E;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the preheating integrated assembly of the present invention after the preheating tube is hidden;

[0036] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 A partial enlarged view of point F;

[0037] Figure 11 It is a process flow chart of the present invention.

[0038] Among them: 1. Fuel cell stack; 2. Preheating integrated assembly; 21. Combustion tube; 211. Mixer; 212. Anode exhaust gas delivery pipe; 213. Cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe; 214. Combustion chamber; 215. Extension pipe; 216. Sealing plate; 217. Air inlet; 22. Ignitor; 23. Preheating tube; 231. Sealing plate; 232. Deionized water delivery pipe; 233. Fuel delivery pipe; 234. Mixed gas delivery pipe Delivery pipe; 24, preheating chamber; 241, vaporization zone; 242, bent fins; 243, preheating zone; 244, perforated plate; 245, mixing zone; 246, guide plate; 247, partition column; 248, dispersion plate; 249, dispersion hole; 3, heat exchanger; 4, reformer; 41, reforming delivery pipe; 5, air pipe; 6, insulation component; 61, insulation box; 62, insulation top plate; 63, insulation sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0041] like Figure 1-11As shown, a hot zone gas processing unit of a solid oxide fuel cell is used for gas processing of a fuel cell stack 1, comprising a preheating integrated component 2, a heat exchanger 3, a reformer 4 and an air pipe 5, wherein the preheating integrated component 2 comprises a combustion tube 21, an igniter 22 and a preheating tube 23, wherein a mixer 211 is horizontally arranged in the combustion tube 21, and an anode exhaust gas delivery pipe 212 and a cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213 connected to the fuel cell stack 1 are provided at the upper end of the mixer 211, and a combustion chamber 214 is formed in the area enclosed by the lower end of the mixer 211 and the combustion tube 21, wherein the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe 212 and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213 are respectively It is connected to the combustion chamber 214, and the igniter 22 is placed in the combustion chamber 214; the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213 is an upward extension of the upper end of the combustion tube 21, and the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe 212 is coaxially placed in the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213; the lower end face of the mixer 211 is provided with an extension pipe 215 extending downward, and the lower end face of the extension pipe 215 is provided with a sealing plate 216 connected to the combustion tube 21, and the combustion chamber 214 is arranged in the inner cavity of the extension pipe 215, and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213 is connected to the combustion chamber 214 through a plurality of air inlet holes 217 evenly distributed on the outer side wall of the extension pipe 215.

[0042] The preheating tube 23 is sleeved on the upper end of the combustion tube 21, and the heat exchanger 3 is sleeved on the lower end of the combustion tube 21. The upper and lower openings of the preheating tube 23 are closed by sealing plates 231. The area enclosed by the preheating tube 23, the combustion tube 21 and the sealing plates 231 forms a preheating chamber 24. The upper end of the preheating tube 23 is provided with a deionized water delivery pipe 232 and a fuel delivery pipe 233 connected to the preheating chamber 24. The lower end of the preheating tube 23 is provided with a fuel delivery pipe 233 connected to the preheating chamber. The mixed gas delivery pipe 234 of 24 is connected to the reformer 4. The reforming delivery pipe 41 at the lower end of the reformer 4 passes through the heat exchanger 3 and is connected to the fuel cell stack 1. The air pipe 5 passes through the heat exchanger 3 and is connected to the fuel cell stack 1. The preheating chamber 24 is divided into a vaporization zone 241, a preheating zone 243 and a mixing zone 245. The vaporization zone 241 is provided with a bent fin 242 connected to the upper and lower ends. The upper end of the bent fin 242 is connected to the deionized water. The fuel delivery pipe 232 is connected; the preheating zone 243 is provided with a perforated plate 244 connected up and down, the upper end of the perforated plate 244 is connected to the fuel delivery pipe 233; the mixing zone 245 is provided with a plurality of guide plates 246 spirally extending downward along the outer wall of the combustion tube 21, the upper ends of the guide plates 246 are respectively connected to the bent fins 242 and the perforated plate 244, and the lower ends of the guide plates 246 are connected to the delivery pipe of the mixer 211; the preheating chamber 24 Two groups of partition columns 247 are also provided inside, and the two groups of partition columns 247 are vertically arranged on the outer wall of the combustion tube 21 and separate the vaporization zone 241 and the preheating zone 243 from each other; two groups of dispersion plates 248 are also provided in the preheating chamber 24, and the dispersion plates 248 are provided with evenly distributed dispersion holes 249. The two groups of dispersion plates 248 are respectively arranged between the bent fins 242 and the deionized water delivery pipe 232, and between the perforated plate 244 and the fuel delivery pipe 233.

[0043] Furthermore, it also includes an insulation component 6, which includes an insulation box 61, an insulation top plate 62 and an insulation sleeve 63. The preheating integration component 2, the heat exchanger 3, the reformer 4 and the air pipe 5 are all placed in the insulation box 61, and the insulation top plate 62 covers the upper end opening of the insulation box 61. The anode exhaust gas delivery pipe 212, the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213, the reforming delivery pipe 41 and the air pipe 5 respectively pass through the insulation top plate 62 and are connected to the fuel cell stack 1; the insulation box 61 and the insulation top plate 62 are sealed by ceramic glue; the insulation sleeve 63 is fitted on the outer wall of the reformer 4, and the reformer 4 is located at the lower end of the preheating integration component 2. The thermal conductivity of the insulation sleeve 63 is not higher than 0.1W / m / k, and the thickness of the insulation sleeve 63 is not less than 50mm.

[0044] Description of the working method of the present invention:

[0045] In the hot zone gas processing unit of the solid oxide fuel cell adopting this structure, the preheating integrated component 2 is located at the center top of the processing unit. The purpose of setting it here is to consider the temperature uniformity of the hot zone. In the combustion chamber 214, the exhaust gas transported by the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe 212 and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213 can be introduced into the combustion chamber 214 through the mixer 211. In order to better mix and burn the gases, the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe 212 and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213 are set to a coaxial structure. The cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213 is an upward extension of the upper end of the combustion pipe 21. The exhaust gas delivery pipe 212 is coaxially placed in the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213. The lower end face of the mixer 211 is provided with an extension pipe 215 extending downward, so that the exhaust gas introduced by the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe 213 can surround the outer wall of the extension pipe 215 and enter the combustion chamber 214 through a number of evenly distributed air inlet holes 217 on the outer wall of the extension pipe 215, and is fully mixed with the exhaust gas in the upper end of the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe 212. The heat generated by the ignition of the igniter 22 can make the temperature of the flue gas after combustion as high as 900°C. On the one hand, this heat is used to heat the degassing of the vaporization zone 241. Deionized water is vaporized, and the deionized water delivery pipe 232 is connected to the vaporization zone 241. The deionized water can be delivered by a voltage regulator or a constant flow pump, which can make the flow accuracy higher. Since the vaporization zone 241 has a large pressure drop, the deionized water delivery pipe 232 can be made of stainless steel to deliver the deionized water to the vaporization zone 241. The deionized water is first dispersed by the dispersion plate 248 and enters the position of the bent fin 242. The bent fin 242 heated by the heat vaporizes it, and the vaporized deionized water is generated and enters the mixing zone 245 downward to provide the necessary Steam source; on the other hand, this heat is used to preheat the fuel in the preheating zone 243. The fuel delivery pipe 233 delivers methane or hydrogen to the preheating zone 243. The fuel can be provided by a gas cylinder or pipeline gas. The fuel delivery pipe 233 can be made of a heat-resistant alloy pipe to deliver the fuel to the preheating zone 243. The dispersion plate 248 first disperses the fuel into the perforated plate 244. The perforated plate 244 heated by the heat preheats the fuel therein and then flows downward into the mixing zone 245, raising the temperature of the fuel, making it easier for it to participate in the reaction when entering the subsequent reaction area of the fuel stack 1, thereby improving the reaction efficiency. The two sets of partition columns 247 can effectively separate the vaporization zone 241 and the preheating zone 243. While effectively preheating them separately, it can also prevent the deionized water vapor and fuel from mixing prematurely if they are not fully preheated.

[0046] The vaporized deionized water and fuel introduced into the mixing zone 245 are combined and mixed in the spiral downward guide plate 246 to form a mixed gas that enters the mixer 211 delivery pipe at the lower end to prepare for entering the reformer 4. The mixer 211 delivery pipe delivers the mixed gas into the reformer 4 for reforming. The reformer 4 is located in the middle and lower part of the processing unit. The purpose is to avoid the thermal radiation generated by the preheating integrated component 2. The catalyst inside the reformer 4 cannot be higher than 600°C, so it is kept as far away from the high temperature zone of the preheating integrated component 2 as possible. In addition, in order to reduce the impact of thermal radiation, a layer of insulation cover 63 is wrapped around the outside of the reformer 4. The thermal conductivity of the insulation cover 63 is not higher than 0.1W / m / k and the thickness is not less than 50mm, which can ensure that the temperature inside the reformer 4 is not higher than 600°C to ensure the activity and stability of the catalyst.

[0047] The heat exchanger 3 is located in the center of the processing unit. The heat exchanger 3 is a plate-type high-temperature heat exchanger 3 with the characteristics of high efficiency, low pressure drop and large flow. On the one hand, it is used to heat the air transported in the air pipe 5, heating the air from 25°C to 650°C. The heated air enters the reaction zone of the fuel cell 1 and participates in the redox reaction of the battery. On the other hand, it is used to heat the reformed gas transported by the reforming delivery pipe 41 at the lower end of the reformer 4, heating the reformed gas from 450°C to 650°C. The heated reformed gas also enters the reaction zone of the fuel cell 1 to provide the required gas for the battery reaction. The heat source of the heat exchanger 3 comes from the preheating integrated component 2. The flue gas generated by the combustion of the exhaust gas of the preheating integrated component 2 in the combustion chamber 214 flows downward, and its heat enters the heat exchanger 3 which is fitted on the lower end of the combustion tube 21. The heat exchanger 3 and the combustion tube 21 are connected by welding, which can reduce the use of seals and achieve higher sealing. An expansion joint can be set at the connection between the heat exchanger 3 and the combustion tube 21 to absorb thermal stress. The heat exchanger 3 uses a high-temperature resistant alloy.

[0048] The insulation of the processing unit consists of an insulation top plate 62 and an insulation box 61. The connection between the insulation top plate 62 and the insulation box 61 is sealed with ceramic glue. The thickness of the insulation top plate 62 and the insulation box 61 is not higher than 100mm, and the thermal conductivity is not higher than 0.05W / m / k, which can ensure that the heat accumulation of the processing unit is faster.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0050] ① Improve space utilization. The compact design optimizes the layout and integration of various battery components, such as the steam generator, heat exchanger 3, burner, and reformer 4, making the entire fuel cell system more compact. This is very important for space-constrained applications such as small distributed power stations, ships, and vehicles.

[0051] ② Improve energy conversion efficiency and optimize thermal management. In a compact thermal zone design, the heat transfer path is shorter and heat loss is minimized. Heat generated by the system can be used more effectively, for example to maintain the operating temperature of the battery and provide the heat required for fuel reforming, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency. The high temperature environment promotes battery reactions, making the fuel oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction more complete, thereby improving the battery's energy conversion efficiency.

[0052] ③ Reduce gas transmission pressure drop. The compact structural design can make the gas transmission path within the battery shorter and more direct, reducing gas transmission resistance. This means that the energy used to supply fuel gas and air is reduced, reducing the parasitic power of the system.

[0053] ④ Enhanced system stability and reliability. Thermal stability is improved. The compact thermal zone design ensures a more uniform temperature distribution within the battery, reducing local overheating or overcooling. This helps reduce thermal stress in the battery caused by uneven temperatures, improves thermal stability, and extends battery life. Furthermore, uniform temperature distribution helps maintain stable battery performance under varying operating conditions.

[0054] ⑤ A more stable mechanical structure. The compact design allows for tighter connections between the battery's components, making the mechanical structure more robust. When subjected to external forces such as vibration and impact, the battery can better maintain its structural integrity, reducing the risk of performance degradation or failure due to mechanical damage and improving system reliability.

[0055] ⑥ Reduce costs and reduce material usage. Through optimized design, compact hot zones can reduce material usage without affecting performance. For example, a more compact structure can use less pipe material, reducing the cost of raw materials.

[0056] ⑦ Heat accumulates faster. The compact structure is conducive to the rapid accumulation of heat because heat is more easily accumulated in a smaller space.

[0057] ⑧ The insulation jacket 63 wrapped around the reformer 4 can ensure that the temperature inside the reformer 4 is not higher than 600°C, so as to ensure the activity and stability of the catalyst.

[0058] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hot zone gas treatment unit for a solid oxide fuel cell, used for gas treatment of a fuel cell stack, characterized by: The exhaust gas fan of the gas evaporation tube has the outer cover of the gas reversing device and the exhaust gas fan of the gas evaporation tube has the cover on its upper end face and the exhaust gas fan of the gas evaporation tube is provided with an airtight seal. The heat exchanger is connected to the fuel cell stack, and the air pipe is connected to the fuel cell stack after passing through the heat exchanger; the preheating chamber is divided into a vaporization zone, a preheating zone and a mixing zone, the vaporization zone is provided with a bent fin connected up and down, and the upper end of the bent fin is connected to the deionized water delivery pipe; the preheating zone is provided with a perforated plate connected up and down, and the upper end of the perforated plate is connected to the fuel delivery pipe; the mixing zone is provided with a plurality of guide plates spirally extending downward along the outer wall of the combustion tube, the upper ends of the guide plates are respectively connected to the bent fins and the perforated plates, and the lower ends of the guide plates are connected to the mixer delivery pipe; the preheating chamber is also provided with two groups of partition columns, the two groups of partition columns are vertically arranged on the outer wall of the combustion tube and separate the vaporization zone and the preheating zone from each other; the preheating chamber is also provided with two groups of dispersion plates, the dispersion plates are provided with evenly distributed dispersion holes, and the two groups of dispersion plates are respectively arranged between the bent fins and the deionized water delivery pipe, and between the perforated plate and the fuel delivery pipe.

2. The hot zone gas treatment unit of a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe is an upward extension of the upper end of the combustion pipe, and the anode exhaust gas delivery pipe is coaxially placed inside the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe.

3. The hot zone gas treatment unit of a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower end face of the mixer is provided with an extension tube extending downward, and the lower end face of the extension tube is provided with a sealing plate connected to the combustion tube. The combustion chamber is arranged in the inner cavity of the extension tube, and the cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe is connected to the combustion chamber through a number of air inlet holes evenly distributed on the outer wall of the extension tube.

4. The hot zone gas processing unit of a solid oxide fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also includes an insulation component, which includes an insulation box and an insulation top plate. The preheating integration component, heat exchanger, reformer and air pipe are all placed in the insulation box. The insulation top plate covers the upper opening of the insulation box. The anode exhaust gas delivery pipe, cathode exhaust gas delivery pipe, reforming delivery pipe and air pipe respectively pass through the insulation top plate and are connected to the fuel cell stack.

5. The hot zone gas treatment unit of the solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The insulation box and the insulation top plate are sealed by ceramic glue.

6. The hot zone gas treatment unit of a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat preservation component further includes a heat preservation sleeve, which is sleeved on the outer side wall of the reformer. The reformer is located at the lower end of the preheating integration component.

7. The hot zone gas treatment unit of a solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thermal conductivity of the insulation sleeve is not higher than 0.1 W / m / K, and the thickness of the insulation sleeve is not less than 50 mm.

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