Overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device and method for inflatable earth and rockfill dam

Abstract

The device comprises a transverse groove formed in the top of a dam body, a cover plate is arranged at the top of the transverse groove, a flexible energy dissipation pad is fixed to the inner wall of the transverse groove, the flexible energy dissipation pad comprises a flexible outer sleeve and a porous elastic inner core, a vacuum check valve is arranged at the edge of the flexible outer sleeve, and the porous elastic inner core is fixed to the edge of the flexible outer sleeve. The flexible energy dissipation pad has a rolling state in which the flexible energy dissipation pad is located in the transverse groove after being vacuumized and a normal-pressure energy dissipation flow guide state in which the flexible energy dissipation pad extends towards the outer side of the transverse groove to be unrolled and spread on the downstream dam face. The emergency method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: when encountering extremely heavy rainfall weather, opening the cover plate, pushing the flexible energy dissipation pad out of the transverse groove, enabling the flexible energy dissipation pad to be converted into a normal-pressure energy dissipation flow guide state from a rolling state, and after the reservoir water level rises to the dam top, performing energy dissipation and drainage on flood to the stilling pool along the flexible energy dissipation pad. Energy dissipation and emission increasing are combined, the influence on downstream dam body scouring is relieved, and the operation requirement that dam bodies of small and medium-sized reservoirs overflow but not collapse or overflow but collapse slowly is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dam protection, and in particular to an emergency collapse prevention device and method for overtopping drainage and energy dissipation of an inflatable earth-rock dam. Background Art

[0002] Earth-rock dam is a water retaining structure composed of a mixture of earth and rock. Due to the large discreteness of the construction materials, it has poor anti-scouring properties. Under extremely heavy rainfall, the overtopping damage caused by the super-standard flood of earth-rock dam is very likely to cause the risk of dam failure. Existing patents (such as: CN 215562358 U; CN 118390457 A; CN 118292403 B; CN 221345457 U; CN 216040953U; CN 219315642 U, etc.) provide some corresponding emergency disposal methods, but they all start from improving the flood discharge capacity of earth-rock dams and reduce the risk of dam failure by lowering the reservoir water level. The research results of domestic and foreign researchers in recent years have shown that the overtopping damage of earth-rock dams includes a series of processes: "scouring of the surface of the dam body-formation of the initial 'steep bank' downstream-tracing scouring-instability collapse". Since the above emergency treatment methods do not comprehensively consider the factors affecting dam breach from the overall process of dam body damage, and therefore do not involve measures such as reducing the water flow force on the dam top, there are still dam body scouring and upstream scouring caused by water flow scouring force, which in turn causes the dam body to become unstable and collapse. That is, in extreme climates, the existing emergency treatment methods cannot effectively prevent or reduce the risk of earth-rock dam overtopping caused by the rapid rise of reservoir water level. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device, and also provides an earth-rock dam overtopping collapse prevention method, which can specifically adopt the following technical solutions: The inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device described in the present invention comprises a transverse groove arranged on the top of the dam body, a cover plate is arranged on the top of the transverse groove, a flexible energy dissipation pad is fixed on the inner wall of the transverse groove, the flexible energy dissipation pad comprises a flexible outer jacket and a porous elastic inner core, a vacuum check valve is arranged at the edge of the flexible outer jacket, and the flexible energy dissipation pad has a rolled-up state located in the transverse groove after vacuuming and a normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state in which the flexible energy dissipation pad is unrolled to the outside of the transverse groove and spread on the downstream dam surface.

[0004] Lateral drainage ditches are arranged at the edges of both sides of the downstream dam surface. When the flexible energy dissipation pad is in a normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state, it is located between the lateral drainage ditches, and the bottom of the flexible energy dissipation pad is connected to the drainage prism above the energy dissipation pool.

[0005] Drain pipes connected to the lateral drainage ditch are arranged at both ends of the transverse groove.

[0006] When the flexible energy dissipation pad is in a normal pressure energy dissipation and flow diversion state, a curved drainage channel with a groove structure is arranged on its upper surface in contact with the water flow.

[0007] A plurality of curved drainage channels are sequentially arranged along the dam body in the transverse direction, and the water inlet of each curved drainage channel is arranged at the dam top, and the water outlet is arranged at the dam foot.

[0008] An unwinding mechanism is arranged in the transverse groove to change the flexible energy dissipation pad from a rolled-up state to a normal pressure energy dissipation and flow guiding state.

[0009] The unwinding mechanism includes a movable plate arranged below the rolled flexible energy dissipation pad and hingedly connected to the front side of the bottom plate of the transverse groove, the free end of the movable plate is provided with a compression spring connected to the rear side of the bottom plate of the transverse groove, the unwinding mechanism also includes a pressure rod arranged on the cover plate, the pressure rod is connected to the movable plate and is arranged close to the rear side of the transverse groove.

[0010] The cover plate is hingedly connected to the top of the dam body at the rear side of the transverse groove, and covering locking pieces are arranged on both sides of the cover plate.

[0011] The flexible energy dissipation pad roll is formed by winding the free end of the flexible energy dissipation pad in the direction against the water flow. The fixed end of the flexible energy dissipation pad is arranged on the front side wall of the transverse groove, and the flexible energy dissipation pad roll is connected to the top of the fixed end.

[0012] The earth-rock dam overtopping and collapse prevention method described in the present invention relies on the above-mentioned inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device, including: when encountering extremely heavy rainfall weather, opening the cover plate, pushing the flexible energy dissipation pad out of the transverse groove, so that the flexible energy dissipation pad is converted from a rolled-up state to a normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state, and after the reservoir water level rises to the dam top, the flood is drained along the flexible energy dissipation pad to the energy dissipation pool for energy dissipation.

[0013] The present invention effectively improves the drainage capacity of the earth-rock dam after overtopping by arranging a flexible energy dissipation pad that can be quickly spread on the downstream dam surface. The inner core of the flexible energy dissipation pad is made of flexible elastic material, and a curved drainage channel is arranged on the upper surface of the flexible energy dissipation pad. When the water flow on the dam top is discharged along the flexible energy dissipation pad, the water flow velocity and flow direction are changed, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-scouring protection of the dam surface. The inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency anti-break device of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to use, and has low maintenance cost. In the case of extremely heavy rainfall, by using the above-mentioned emergency device, energy dissipation (reducing the scouring damage of the top flood to the downstream dam body) and increased discharge (the entire downstream dam surface can be drained by the flexible energy dissipation pad) are combined, and in conjunction with other existing drainage facilities, the influence of the upstream super-standard water level on the scouring of the downstream dam body can be quickly reduced, and the requirements for safety protection and safe operation of the dam body of small and medium-sized reservoirs are met, and the losses of the downstream people are minimized, and the safety of life and property of the downstream people are provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the emergency collapse prevention device of the present invention (the flexible energy dissipation pad is in a rolled-up state).

[0015] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Structural diagram for energy dissipation and drainage.

[0016] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view of the .

[0017] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A in . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific working process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0019] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device described in the present invention includes a transverse groove 2 arranged on the top of the dam body 1, a cover plate 3 is arranged on the top of the transverse groove 2, and a flexible energy dissipation pad 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the transverse groove 2. The above-mentioned flexible energy dissipation pad 4 includes a flexible outer jacket (made of flexible waterproof materials such as rubber and silicone) and a porous elastic inner core (made of porous rubber, etc.), and a vacuum check valve is arranged at the edge of the flexible outer jacket.

[0020] When the vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum check valve and the vacuum operation is performed, the air in the inner cavity of the flexible outer shell is extracted, the porous elastic inner core is compressed, and the thickness of the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 is reduced, which is convenient for winding into a roll (i.e., the rolled state). After the vacuum operation is completed, the vacuum pump can be removed from the vacuum check valve. When the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 is in the rolled state, it is usually stored in the transverse groove 2.

[0021] For the compressed flexible energy dissipation pad 4, when the vacuum check valve is opened by pressing or twisting, air enters the inner cavity of the flexible outer jacket, and the porous elastic inner core regains its fluffy state, so that the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 as a whole maintains a certain water-passing energy dissipation property. When the roll of the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 is pushed out of the transverse groove 2, it will usually be automatically unrolled along the downstream dam surface under the action of gravity and spread out. After that, the vacuum check valve will be opened to pressurize it and restore its elasticity, so as to achieve the purpose of dispersing the energy of the flood flowing through it. At this time, the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 is in a normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state.

[0022] The overhanging part of the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 is adapted to the shape of the downstream dam surface. Lateral drainage ditches 5 are usually provided at the edges of both sides of the downstream dam surface. When the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 is in the normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state, it is located exactly between the two lateral drainage ditches 5, and the bottom is connected to the drainage prism 7 above the energy dissipation pool 6.

[0023] In order to improve the energy dissipation effect of the flexible energy dissipation pad 4, a curved drainage channel with a groove structure is arranged on the upper surface of the downstream dam surface in contact with the water flow. The above-mentioned curved drainage channels are arranged in sequence along the dam body 1 in the transverse direction, and the water inlet of each curved drainage channel is located at the dam top and the water outlet is located at the dam foot.

[0024] The flexible energy dissipation pad 4 can be changed from the rolled state to the normal pressure energy dissipation and flow guiding state by manual operation or by means of an unwinding mechanism arranged in the transverse groove 2 .

[0025] Before describing the specific structure of the unwinding mechanism, the winding method of the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 is first described. In this embodiment, the portion formed by the free end of the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 being wound in the direction against the water flow is called a "flexible energy dissipation pad roll", the fixed end of the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 is located on the front side wall of the transverse groove 2, and the "flexible energy dissipation pad roll" is located in the transverse groove 2 and connected to the top of the fixed end of the flexible energy dissipation pad 4.

[0026] The specific structure of the unwinding mechanism is as follows: a movable plate 81 hingedly connected to the front side of the bottom plate of the transverse groove 2 (the water flow direction is "front" in this embodiment) is installed below the "flexible energy dissipation pad roll", and a compression spring 82 connected to the rear side of the bottom plate of the transverse groove 2 is installed at the free end of the movable plate 81 (i.e., the rear side of the movable plate 81); a pressure rod 83 is installed on the lower surface of the cover plate 3 of the transverse groove 2, and the pressure rod 83 is in contact with the movable plate 81 and is arranged close to the rear side of the transverse groove 1. When the cover plate 3 is at the top of the transverse groove 2, the pressure rod 83 presses the movable plate 81 to make it horizontal or tilted downward at the rear end, and the compression spring 82 below the movable plate 81 is in a compressed state. At this time, the "flexible energy dissipation pad roll" above the movable plate 82 has sufficient storage space. When the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 needs to be changed from the rolled state to the normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state, the cover plate 3 is opened. As the cover plate 3 is lifted, the pressure rod 83 disengages from the movable plate 81. Under the action of the compression spring 82, the rear side of the movable plate 81 bounces upward, pushing the "flexible energy dissipation pad rolled up" and pushing it out of the transverse groove 2. Subsequently, the "flexible energy dissipation pad rolled up" is stretched out along the downstream dam surface under the action of gravity and laid flat on the downstream dam surface.

[0027] The unwinding mechanism has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can automatically push the "flexible energy dissipation pad roll" out of the transverse groove 2, greatly saving manual labor. In order to keep the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 in a rolled-up state and to conveniently open the cover plate 3, in this embodiment, the cover plate 3 is hingedly connected to the top of the dam body 1 on the rear side of the transverse groove 2, and a cover locking member (such as a fixing pin, etc.) is installed on both sides of the cover plate 3. Furthermore, in order to drain the accumulated water in the transverse groove 2 in time, a drainage pipe 9 connected to the lateral drainage ditch 5 is provided at both ends of the transverse groove 2.

[0028] The earth-rock dam overtopping and collapse prevention method described in the present invention relies on the above-mentioned inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device, specifically: when encountering extremely heavy rainfall weather, open the cover plate 3, and push the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 out of the transverse groove 2 through the unwinding mechanism, and the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 automatically changes from the rolled-up state to the normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state (laid flat on the downstream dam surface). When the reservoir water level rises to the dam top, the flood pours downward and is drained along the flexible energy dissipation pad 4 to the energy dissipation pool 6 for energy dissipation and drainage.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. An inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device, characterized by: It includes a transverse groove arranged on the top of the dam body, a cover plate is arranged on the top of the transverse groove, a flexible energy dissipation pad is fixed on the inner wall of the transverse groove, the flexible energy dissipation pad includes a flexible outer jacket and a porous elastic inner core, a vacuum check valve is arranged at the edge of the flexible outer jacket, and the flexible energy dissipation pad has a rolled-up state located in the transverse groove after vacuuming and a normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state in which the pad is unrolled and extended to the outside of the transverse groove and spread on the downstream dam surface.

2. The inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device according to claim 1 is characterized by: Lateral drainage ditches are arranged at the edges of both sides of the downstream dam surface. When the flexible energy dissipation pad is in a normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state, it is located between the lateral drainage ditches, and the bottom of the flexible energy dissipation pad is connected to the drainage prism above the energy dissipation pool.

3. The device and method for emergency collapse prevention of overtopping drainage and energy dissipation of an inflatable earth-rock dam according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Drain pipes connected to the lateral drainage ditch are arranged at both ends of the transverse groove.

4. The inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device according to claim 1 is characterized by: When the flexible energy dissipation pad is in a normal pressure energy dissipation and flow diversion state, a curved drainage channel with a groove structure is arranged on its upper surface in contact with the water flow.

5. The inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device according to claim 4 is characterized by: A plurality of curved drainage channels are sequentially arranged along the dam body in the transverse direction, and the water inlet of each curved drainage channel is arranged at the dam top, and the water outlet is arranged at the dam foot.

6. The inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device according to claim 1 is characterized by: An unwinding mechanism is arranged in the transverse groove to change the flexible energy dissipation pad from a rolled-up state to a normal pressure energy dissipation and flow guiding state.

7. The inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device according to claim 6 is characterized by: The unwinding mechanism includes a movable plate arranged below the rolled flexible energy dissipation pad and hingedly connected to the front side of the bottom plate of the transverse groove, the free end of the movable plate is provided with a compression spring connected to the rear side of the bottom plate of the transverse groove, the unwinding mechanism also includes a pressure rod arranged on the cover plate, the pressure rod is connected to the movable plate and is arranged close to the rear side of the transverse groove.

8. The inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device according to claim 7 is characterized by: The cover plate is hingedly connected to the top of the dam body at the rear side of the transverse groove, and covering locking pieces are arranged on both sides of the cover plate.

9. The device and method for emergency collapse prevention of overtopping drainage and energy dissipation of an inflatable earth-rock dam according to claim 7, characterized in that: The flexible energy dissipation pad roll is formed by winding the free end of the flexible energy dissipation pad in the direction against the water flow. The fixed end of the flexible energy dissipation pad is arranged on the front side wall of the transverse groove, and the flexible energy dissipation pad roll is connected to the top of the fixed end.

10. The emergency method of the inflatable earth-rock dam overtopping drainage and energy dissipation emergency collapse prevention device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: When encountering extremely heavy rainfall, open the cover and push the flexible energy dissipation pad out of the horizontal groove, so that the flexible energy dissipation pad is converted from the rolled-up state to the normal pressure energy dissipation and diversion state. After the reservoir water level rises to the dam top, the flood is discharged along the flexible energy dissipation pad to the energy dissipation pool for energy dissipation.

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