A shaft vertical deformation measurement method and system based on a vertical shaft bottom reference surface

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for measuring the vertical deformation of a vertical shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of the shaft, relating to the field of vertical shaft inspection and measurement technology. The method includes: setting up multiple measuring points at each vertical depth section of the vertical shaft; measuring the multiple measuring points separately when the shaft has not undergone vertical deformation to obtain an initial target distance; measuring the multiple measuring points again after the shaft has undergone vertical deformation to obtain a result target distance; determining the initial position coordinates of each measuring point; calibrating the initial position coordinates based on the displacement increment between the initial target distance and the result target distance to obtain the result position coordinates; and then determining the vertical deformation and center offset of the vertical shaft. This invention achieves accurate measurement of the relative offset of the center of a deep vertical shaft and the long-distance vertical deformation of the shaft wall, providing a guarantee for accurately obtaining data on surface subsidence at the wellhead and shaft deformation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vertical shaft inspection technology, and in particular to a method and system for measuring the vertical deformation of the shaft based on the reference plane at the bottom of the vertical shaft. Background Technology

[0002] In mining, underground engineering, and deep well construction, vertical shafts serve as crucial conduits connecting the surface and underground, and their stability directly impacts project safety, operational efficiency, and personnel safety. Vertical deformation of the shaft directly affects the safe and stable operation of underground mines. Timely detection and prevention of structural instability and safety accidents caused by deformation can effectively reduce repair and reconstruction costs resulting from structural damage, thereby improving the mine's economic benefits. Therefore, vertical deformation measurement of vertical shafts is an indispensable and crucial aspect of mine management.

[0003] In existing technologies, the measurement of vertical deformation of shafts typically employs strain gauges embedded in or externally mounted on the shaft wall. The specific process includes: selecting appropriate strain gauge specifications and quantity based on monitoring requirements; for newly constructed shafts, embedding the strain gauges in designated locations during shaft wall construction; for existing shafts, externally mounting the strain gauges onto the shaft wall. The strain gauges are connected to monitoring equipment via data cables to collect strain data in real-time or periodically; the collected data is then processed and analyzed to calculate the vertical deformation of the shaft.

[0004] The existing technology has the following drawbacks: the measurement range of built-in strain gauges is only about 20cm, and that of external strain gauges is at most about 1m. The depth of a vertical shaft far exceeds the measurement range of strain gauges, so the strain measured by the strain gauges can only be considered local information. Furthermore, due to the drop in groundwater level or other reasons, large-scale ground subsidence often occurs around the mine. During this subsidence, even high-grade benchmarks buried around the mine often settle, leading to inaccurate measurement data based on these benchmarks. Therefore, the vertical deformation obtained from local information or when benchmarks are inaccurate cannot accurately reflect the overall vertical deformation of the vertical shaft. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method and system for measuring the vertical deformation of a shaft based on the reference plane at the bottom of the shaft, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] This invention provides a method for measuring the vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft, comprising:

[0007] Multiple measuring points are set up at each vertical depth section of the vertical shaft, and the bottom plane of the vertical shaft is used as the bottom reference plane;

[0008] When the vertical shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, measurements are taken at multiple measuring points to obtain the initial target distance L between the vertical depth section of the measuring point and the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft occurred, measurements were taken again at multiple measuring points to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section at the measuring point relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 終 ;

[0009] A coordinate system is constructed with the center of the well bottom reference plane as the origin, the east direction of the center as the x-axis, the north direction of the center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the center as the z-axis; based on the initial target distance L... 初 The initial coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section are determined when the shaft has not undergone vertical deformation. Based on the initial target distance L 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increments between points are used to calibrate the initial position coordinates, resulting in the position coordinates (x, y) of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section. ki ,y ki ,z ki );

[0010] The vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the k-th vertical depth section are determined based on the initial and final coordinates of each measuring point; and the center deviation of the shaft is determined based on the vertical deformation and the plane normal vector n.

[0011] Optionally, obtaining the vertical depth profile specifically includes:

[0012] Acquire point cloud data of the inner surface of the vertical shaft;

[0013] The point cloud data of different vertical depth sections on the inner surface of the vertical shaft were fitted by the least squares method to obtain multiple vertical depth sections of the vertical shaft.

[0014] Optionally, the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom reference plane is obtained. 初 Specifically, it includes:

[0015] When the shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, initial measurements are taken at multiple measuring points on each vertical depth section to obtain the initial distance between measuring points on adjacent sections. The initial distances of each adjacent section in the same orientation are then added together to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 初 (Z 01 Z 02 Z 03 );

[0016] The target distance L obtained is the vertical depth section of the measuring point relative to the bottom reference surface of the well.終 Specifically, it includes:

[0017] After the vertical deformation of the shaft occurs, multiple measuring points on each vertical depth section are measured again to obtain the target distance of each measuring point on adjacent sections. The target distances of the two adjacent sections in the same orientation are summed to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 終 (Z 11 Z 12 Z 13 ).

[0018] Optionally, by using the initial target distance L 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increments are used to calibrate the initial position coordinates, specifically including:

[0019]

[0020] Where, δx ki Let L be the initial target distance. 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increment along the x-axis, δy ki Let L be the initial target distance. 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increment along the y-axis, δz ki Let L be the initial target distance. 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increment along the z-axis.

[0021] Optionally, the vertical deformation of the shaft is determined based on the initial and final coordinates of each measuring point, including:

[0022] The vertical strain of the well wall at the azimuth of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section is determined based on the initial and final position coordinates. The formula is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, z ki Let represent the ordinate of the position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section after vertical deformation. The ordinate of the initial position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section;

[0025] Based on vertical strain ε ki Determine the vertical deformation of the shaft.

[0026] Optionally, the center deviation of the shaft is determined based on the plane normal vector n, specifically including:

[0027] Based on the initial and final position coordinates, determine the plane normal vector n = (A) of the vertical section where the measuring point is located. k1 B k1 C k1 );

[0028] The angle θ between the plane containing the measuring point after vertical deformation and the plane containing the measuring point before vertical deformation is determined based on the plane normal vector n of the vertical depth section. The formula is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, A k1 B is the component of the plane normal vector n on the x-axis. k1 C represents the y-component of the plane normal vector n. k1 Let n be the component of the plane normal vector n on the z-axis;

[0031] The center deviation of the vertical shaft is determined by the included angle θ.

[0032] This invention also provides a system for measuring the vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft, comprising:

[0033] The measuring point layout module is used to lay out multiple measuring points in each vertical section of the shaft, and to use the bottom plane of the shaft as the bottom reference plane.

[0034] The coordinate measurement module is used to measure multiple measuring points when the vertical shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, and to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section of the measuring point relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft occurred, measurements were taken again at multiple measuring points to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section at the measuring point relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 終 ;

[0035] The coordinate calibration module is used to construct a coordinate system with the center of the well bottom reference surface as the origin, the east direction of the center as the x-axis, the north direction of the center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the center as the z-axis; based on the initial target distance L... 初 The initial coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical section are determined when the shaft has not undergone vertical deformation. Based on the initial target distance L 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increments between points are used to calibrate the initial position coordinates, resulting in the position coordinates (x, y) of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section. ki ,y ki ,z ki );

[0036] The measurement module is used to determine the vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the k-th vertical depth section based on the initial and final position coordinates of each measuring point; and to determine the center deviation of the shaft based on the vertical deformation and the plane normal vector n.

[0037] Optionally, the measuring point deployment module deploys no less than 3 measuring points in each vertical depth section, with a laser source arranged on the measuring point at the bottom plane, a laser target arranged on the measuring point at the uppermost vertical depth section, and a laser source-target combination arranged on the measuring points in other vertical depth sections.

[0038] Optionally, the laser source-target assembly consists of a laser source and a target fixedly connected at the top and bottom, wherein the upper laser source emission port faces upward, and the lower laser target is perpendicularly aligned with the same-orientation measuring point of the adjacent vertical depth section below.

[0039] The method and system for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft, provided in this embodiment of the invention, have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0040] This invention selects the bottom plane of the vertical shaft as the bottom reference plane, based on the initial target distance L. 初 The initial coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical section are determined when the shaft has not undergone vertical deformation. Based on the initial target distance L 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increments between points are used to calibrate the initial position coordinates, resulting in the position coordinates (x, y) of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section. ki ,y ki ,z ki ).

[0041] The above-mentioned technical solution uses the bottom plane of the vertical shaft as the reference plane. The position coordinates obtained by displacement increment calibration can reflect the overall vertical deformation process of the shaft. This solves the problem that local information in the existing technology cannot accurately reflect the overall vertical deformation of the vertical shaft. It realizes the accurate measurement of the relative offset of the center of the deep vertical shaft and the long-distance vertical deformation of the shaft wall. This provides a guarantee for accurately obtaining the surface subsidence and shaft deformation data at the wellhead, and provides a scientific, reliable, economical and practical new monitoring technology for the long-term safe operation and maintenance of the vertical shaft. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring the vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft, provided in one embodiment.

[0043] Figure 2This is a measurement layout diagram for a method of measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft, provided in one embodiment.

[0044] Figure 3 A horizontal cross-sectional displacement diagram of a method for measuring the vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft, provided in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a vertical strain diagram of a method for measuring the vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft, provided in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0047] In one embodiment, a method for measuring the vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft is provided, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0048] Multiple measuring points are set up on each vertical section of the shaft, and the bottom plane of the shaft is used as the bottom reference plane.

[0049] When the vertical shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, measurements are taken at multiple measuring points to obtain the initial target distance L between the vertical depth section of the measuring point and the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft occurred, measurements were taken again at multiple measuring points to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section at the measuring point relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 終 .

[0050] A coordinate system is constructed with the center of the well bottom reference plane as the origin, the east direction of the center as the x-axis, the north direction of the center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the center as the z-axis; based on the initial target distance L... 初 The initial coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section are determined when the shaft has not undergone vertical deformation. Based on the initial target distance L 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increments between points are used to calibrate the initial position coordinates, resulting in the position coordinates (x, y) of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section. ki ,y ki ,z ki ).

[0051] The vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the k-th vertical depth section are determined based on the initial and final coordinates of each measuring point; and the center deviation of the shaft is determined based on the plane normal vector n.

[0052] An exemplary embodiment of this application is provided.

[0053] 1. Multiple measuring points are set up on each vertical section of the shaft, and the bottom plane of the shaft is used as the reference plane.

[0054] (1) Obtaining the vertical section

[0055] Acquire point cloud data of the inner surface of the vertical shaft;

[0056] The point cloud data of different vertical depth sections on the inner surface of the vertical shaft were fitted by the least squares method to obtain multiple vertical depth sections of the vertical shaft.

[0057] 2. When the vertical shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, measurements are taken at multiple measuring points to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section at each measuring point relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft occurred, measurements were taken again at multiple measuring points to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section at each measuring point relative to the bottom reference plane. 終 .

[0058] (1) One or more vertical depth sections are arranged along the vertical depth of the shaft. Multiple measuring points are arranged on each vertical depth section. Laser ranging sensor measuring points and corresponding laser targets are arranged on the middle section. Laser ranging sensor measuring points or laser targets are arranged on the bottom section and the wellhead section. The vertical coordinates of the bottom of the shaft are set as the longitudinal coordinates of the three directions of each measuring point as 0, 0, and 0, respectively.

[0059] (2) Initial target distance

[0060] When the shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, initial measurements are taken at multiple measuring points on each vertical depth section (using the laser rangefinder at each measuring point to measure the distance from the laser rangefinder to the laser target on two adjacent sections), obtaining the initial distances of each measuring point on adjacent sections; the initial distances of each adjacent section in the same orientation are added together to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 初 (Z 01 Z 02 Z 03 ).

[0061] (3) Result Target Distance

[0062] After the vertical deformation of the shaft occurs, a laser rangefinder is used again to measure multiple points on each vertical depth section. The target distances at each point on adjacent sections are obtained. The target distances at the same orientation on adjacent sections are summed to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 終 (Z 11 Z 12 Z 13 ).

[0063] (4) Subtract the two measurement results and use the difference as the correction value (i.e. displacement increment) between the bottom reference surface and the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located.

[0064] For the nth measurement result, the updated displacement increment can be obtained by processing it through the above process.

[0065] 3. Construct a coordinate system with the center of the well bottom reference surface as the origin, the eastward direction of the center as the x-axis, the northward direction of the center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the center as the z-axis; based on the initial target distance L... 初 The initial coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical section are determined when the shaft has not undergone vertical deformation. Based on the initial target distance L 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increments between points are used to calibrate the initial position coordinates, resulting in the position coordinates (x, y) of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section. ki ,y ki ,z ki ).

[0066] 4. Determine the vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the kth vertical depth section based on the initial and final coordinates of each measuring point; and determine the center deviation of the shaft based on the plane normal vector n.

[0067] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0068] 1. First, a laser 3D scanner is used to collect point cloud data of the inner surface of the vertical shaft. The point cloud data is then processed, and the least squares method is used to fit the point cloud data of the cross-sections of the inner surface of the vertical shaft at different vertical depths. The coordinates of the fitting center and the diameter of the cross-section of the vertical shaft at different vertical depths are obtained. The fitting center is used as the physical center of the cross-section of the vertical shaft at different vertical depths in the initial monitoring state.

[0069] 2. Based on the actual shaft depth, select an interval of 30–500 m, such as… Figure 2As shown, one or more vertical depth sections are arranged along the vertical depth of the shaft. Multiple measuring points are arranged on each vertical depth section. A fixed laser source is arranged on the measuring point at the bottom of the shaft. A laser target is arranged on the measuring point of the uppermost vertical depth section. A laser source-target combination is arranged on the measuring points of the remaining vertical depth sections. The combination consists of a laser source and a target fixedly connected at the top and bottom. The upper laser source emission port faces upward, and the lower laser target is perpendicularly aligned with the measuring point in the same orientation on the adjacent lower vertical depth section.

[0070] 2.1 Positioning, Fixing, and Protection Techniques for Laser Sources at Three Horizontal Measurement Points at the Bottom of the Well. Positioning includes planar positioning controlled by relative elevation and orientation determination within the bottom plane. The latter involves analyzing the point cloud data obtained in step 1, focusing on designing point cloud data for vertical depth sections to ensure that a sufficient number of point cloud data points on the fitted circle on the horizontal section are available at the test points on the remaining vertical depth sections aligned with the orientation of the bottom plane to be determined. The orientation of the measured points at the bottom of the well after positioning will be as follows: Figure 2 The orientation of the remaining vertical depth section measuring points is determined to establish the benchmark. Fixing the laser source at the bottom of the well is fundamental to ensuring stable and continuous measurement of the overall tilt of the vertical shaft, and this is achieved through ground anchor supports. Although the horizontal bottom of the well has natural advantages such as being unaffected by the movement of the overlying loose soil layer, it is easily damaged by falling objects. Therefore, a perforated rigid protective cover is installed to protect the laser source and support, while also providing sufficient laser path.

[0071] 2.2 Fixing, Positioning, Fixing, and Protection Technology for the Laser Source-Target Assembly at the Intermediate Vertical Depth Section Measurement Points. The laser source and laser target are rigidly connected by stainless steel bolts. Two wall-mounted anchors fix the assembly to the well wall at the designed vertical depth section measurement point location, ensuring the assembly maintains a plumb bob posture. Positioning is determined through the analysis of the vertical depth section layer point cloud data in step 2.1, ensuring that the three measurement points lie on the same fitted circle and are consistent with the horizontal orientation of the corresponding laser source at the bottom of the well. A perforated rigid protective cover anchored to the well wall protects the laser source-target assembly from damage caused by falling objects inside the well.

[0072] 3. On each vertical section, each laser ranging sensor is connected by a communication cable and merged into a main cable laid vertically along the well wall, finally reaching the wellhead. The conventional wireless communication module transmits the data to the cloud platform to realize real-time control, data acquisition and analysis of the laser ranging sensors, as well as data sharing within the authorized range.

[0073] 4. The initial coordinates of the three measuring points on the k-th vertical profile are: i = 1, 2, 3, representing the measurement point number. A coordinate system is constructed with the center of the wellbore at the bottom plane as the origin, east as the x-axis, north as the y-axis, and vertically upward as the z-axis, where x represents the x-axis, y represents the y-axis, and z represents the z-axis.

[0074] Update the coordinates of the three measuring points to (x ki ,y ki ,z ki ),in:

[0075]

[0076] Here δx ki δy ki δz ki The initial target distance L is respectively 初 Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increments along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis. That is, from... Figure 3 The initial blue measuring point shown has been moved to the current red measuring point.

[0077] Extensive practical experience shows that reinforced concrete shafts have high stiffness, and the three measuring points mentioned above can be considered coplanar and concircular after deformation. The coordinates of the three points and the center of the circle can be solved using the following equation:

[0078]

[0079] Among them, A ki B ki C ki D ki i = 1, 2, 3, are the mathematical quantities needed to calculate the coordinates of the center of the circle; they are the coordinates of three measuring points (x, y, y). ki ,y ki ,z ki The function is in the following form:

[0080]

[0081] Then the radius of the circle can be calculated as:

[0082]

[0083] Based on the above results, the normal vector n = (A) of the plane containing the measuring point can be directly calculated. k1 B k1 C k1 Since the plane where the measuring point was located before deformation was horizontal, the angle between the plane where the measuring point was located after deformation and the horizontal plane is:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, A k1 B k1 and C k1 Let n be the components of the plane normal vector n on the x, y, and z axes.

[0086] Based on the above information, the center deviation of the vertical shaft can be determined by the included angle θ.

[0087] 5. Based on the vertical strain distribution of the shaft at three different orientations and corresponding depths of the designed vertical depth section obtained by laser ranging, the vertical strain of the shaft wall at the corresponding orientation of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section can be calculated according to the following formula (with the horizontal of the shaft bottom as the vertical zero point).

[0088]

[0089] Among them, z ki Let represent the ordinate of the position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section after vertical deformation. The ordinate is the initial position coordinate of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth profile.

[0090] According to the above, such as Figure 4 As shown, based on the vertical strain ε ki Determine the vertical deformation of the shaft.

[0091] 6. Based on the allowable deviation value of the shaft cylinder specified in the standard, and the allowable strain value of the concrete of the shaft cylinder design grade; the deviation and strain values ​​of the shaft cylinder measured in real time above can be used to determine the allowable deviation value. Figure 2 On the cloud platform shown, issue warning information of appropriate levels.

[0092] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a wellbore vertical deformation measurement system based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane, comprising:

[0093] The measuring point layout module is used to lay out multiple measuring points on each vertical section of the shaft and use the bottom plane of the shaft as the bottom reference plane.

[0094] The coordinate measurement module is used to measure multiple measuring points when the vertical shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, and to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section of the measuring point relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft occurred, measurements were taken again at multiple measuring points to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section at the measuring point relative to the bottom reference plane of the shaft. 終 .

[0095] The coordinate calibration module is used to construct a coordinate system with the center of the well bottom reference surface as the origin, the east direction of the center as the x-axis, the north direction of the center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the center as the z-axis; based on the initial target distance L... 初 The initial coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical section are determined when the shaft has not undergone vertical deformation. Based on the initial target distance L 初Distance L from the target result 終 The displacement increments between points are used to calibrate the initial position coordinates, resulting in the position coordinates (x, y) of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section. ki ,y ki ,z ki ).

[0096] The measurement module is used to determine the vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the k-th vertical depth section based on the initial and final position coordinates of each measuring point; and to determine the center deviation of the shaft based on the vertical deformation and the plane normal vector n.

[0097] The measuring point deployment module sets up no fewer than three measuring points in each vertical depth section. A laser source is positioned at the measuring point on the bottom plane, a laser target is positioned at the measuring point on the uppermost vertical depth section, and a laser source-target assembly is positioned at the measuring points on other vertical depth sections. The laser source-target assembly consists of an upper and lower fixed laser source and a target, with the upper laser source's emission port facing upwards, and the lower laser target perpendicularly aligned with the corresponding measuring point on the adjacent vertical depth section below.

[0098] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference surface of a shaft bottom, characterized by, The method comprises the steps of: a plurality of measuring points are arranged on each vertical depth section of the vertical shaft, and the shaft bottom plane of the vertical shaft is taken as a shaft bottom reference surface; When the vertical deformation of the vertical shaft wellbore does not occur, a plurality of measuring points are measured respectively to obtain initial target distances of the vertical depth section where the measuring points are located relative to the shaft bottom reference surface ; after the vertical deformation of the vertical shaft wellbore occurs, the plurality of measuring points are measured again respectively to obtain result target distances of the vertical depth section where the measuring points are located relative to the shaft bottom reference surface ; A coordinate system is constructed with the center of the well bottom reference surface as the origin, the positive east direction of the center as the x-axis, the positive north direction of the center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the center as the z-axis; the initial target distance is determined, and the initial position coordinates of the first measuring point on the first vertical deep section of the vertical shaft wellbore when no vertical deformation occurs are determined k , i , , , , , , , , k , i , ki , ki , ki . The initial position coordinates are calibrated through the displacement increment between the initial target distance and the result target distance , and the result position coordinates of the first measuring point on the first vertical deep section are obtained k , i , ki , ki , ki . The vertical deformation of the shaft is determined based on the initial and final coordinates of each measuring point. k The plane normal vector of each vertical section n ; and according to the plane normal vector n Determine the center deviation of the vertical shaft.

2. The shaft vertical deformation measuring method based on the vertical shaft bottom reference surface according to claim 1, characterized by, the obtaining of the vertical depth section specifically comprises: point cloud data of the inner surface of the vertical shaft is obtained; the point cloud data of different vertical depth sections of the inner surface of the vertical shaft is fitted by a least square method, and a plurality of vertical depth sections of the vertical shaft are obtained.

3. The shaft vertical deformation measuring method based on the vertical shaft bottom reference surface according to claim 1, characterized by, The initial target distance of the vertical section where the measuring point is located relative to the well bottom reference surface , specifically comprising: When the vertical deformation of the shaft wellbore does not occur, the initial measurement is performed on multiple measuring points of each vertical depth section to obtain the initial distance of each measuring point on the adjacent two sections; the initial distance of each adjacent section in the same orientation is added to obtain the initial target distance of the vertical depth section relative to the well bottom reference surface (Z 01 , Z 02 , Z 03 ); The result target distance of the vertical section where the measuring point is located relative to the well bottom reference surface , specifically comprising: After the vertical deformation of the vertical shaft wellbore occurs, the multiple measuring points of each vertical depth section are measured again, the result target distances of the measuring points on the adjacent two sections are obtained, the result target distances of the adjacent two sections in the same direction are summed, and the result target distance of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the well bottom reference surface is obtained (Z 11 , Z 12 , Z 13 ).

4. The shaft vertical deformation measuring method based on the vertical shaft bottom reference surface according to claim 1, characterized by, The initial target distance and the result target distance between the displacement increments are calibrated to the initial position coordinates, specifically comprising: x ki = x ki y ki = ki z ki = ki wherein x ki is the initial target distance and the displacement increment in the x-axis direction between the initial target distance and the resulting target distance ki is the initial target distance and the displacement increment in the y-axis direction between the initial target distance and the resulting target distance ki is the initial target distance and the displacement increment in the z-axis direction between the initial target distance and the resulting target distance 5. The shaft vertical deformation measuring method based on the vertical shaft bottom reference surface according to claim 1, characterized by, the vertical deformation of the vertical shaft is determined according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of each measuring point, and comprises: The vertical strain of the orientation well wall corresponding to the measuring point on the first vertical deep section is determined according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates, and a formula is as follows: k i The vertical strain of the orientation well wall corresponding to the measuring point on the first vertical deep section is determined according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates, and a formula is as follows:​ in, For the first vertical deformation k On the vertical cross section, the first i The ordinate of the location coordinates of each measurement point. For the first k On the vertical cross section, the first i The ordinate of the initial position coordinates of each measuring point; According to the vertical strain The vertical deformation of the shaft is determined.

6. The shaft vertical deformation measuring method based on the vertical shaft bottom reference surface according to claim 1, characterized by, The method according to the plane normal vector n The method for determining the central deflection of the vertical shaft comprises the following steps. Determining a plane normal vector of a vertical depth section in which a survey point is located according to initial position coordinates and result position coordinates n =( , , ) The plane normal vector of the vertical-depth section n The angle between the plane where the measuring point is located after the vertical deformation occurs and the plane where the measuring point is located before the vertical deformation occurs is determined The formula is: wherein is the plane normal vector n is the component in the x-axis, is the plane normal vector n is the component in the y-axis, is the plane normal vector n is the component in the z-axis; By the included angle The central deflection of the vertical shaft is determined.

7. A shaft vertical deformation measuring system based on a vertical shaft bottom reference surface, characterized by The method comprises the steps of: a measuring point arrangement module is arranged on each vertical depth section of the vertical shaft, and the shaft bottom plane of the vertical shaft is taken as a shaft bottom reference surface; The coordinate measurement module is used for measuring a plurality of measuring points respectively when the vertical deformation does not occur in the vertical shaft, and obtaining initial target distances of the vertical depth sections where the measuring points are located relative to the shaft bottom reference surface The coordinate measurement module is used for measuring a plurality of measuring points respectively when the vertical deformation does not occur in the vertical shaft, and obtaining initial target distances of the vertical depth sections where the measuring points are located relative to the shaft bottom reference surface ; The coordinate calibration module is used to construct a coordinate system with the center of the well bottom reference surface as the origin, the east direction of the center as the x-axis, the north direction of the center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the center as the z-axis; based on the initial target distance... When it is confirmed that no vertical deformation has occurred in the shaft, the first k On the vertical cross section, the first i The initial coordinates of the measuring points are ( , , ), through the initial target distance Distance to Target The displacement increments between the initial position coordinates are used to calibrate the first position coordinates, resulting in the second position coordinates. k On the vertical cross section, the first i The result location coordinates of each measuring point (x) ki , y ki , z ki ); a determination module configured to determine a vertical deformation condition of the shaft and a plane normal vector of a vertical section of the shaft according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of the respective measuring points, and determine a central deviation condition of the shaft according to the vertical deformation condition and the plane normal vector of the vertical section. k n n ​​​ 8. A shaft vertical deformation measuring system based on a vertical shaft bottom reference surface according to claim 7, characterized in that, the measuring point arrangement module arranges no less than three measuring points on each vertical depth section, arranges a laser light source on the measuring point of the shaft bottom plane, arranges a laser target on the measuring point of the uppermost vertical depth section, and arranges a laser light source-target combination on the measuring points of other vertical depth sections.

9. A shaft vertical deformation measuring system based on a vertical shaft bottom reference surface according to claim 8, characterized in that, the laser light source-target combination is composed of an upper laser light source and a lower laser target which are fixedly connected, wherein the emission port of the upper laser light source faces upward, and the lower laser target is vertically aligned with the measuring point of the same direction of the adjacent vertical depth section below.

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