Large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine which comprises a table body, a response device, an impact power mechanical system, a data acquisition and analysis system and a power control system, wherein the response device comprises a collision device and a response plate, the collision device abuts against the upper edge of the table body through a plurality of oil hydraulic cylinders, a piston of the impact air cylinder collides with the collision device under pushing of pressure gas, and impact waves are transmitted to the response plate through the collision device and the boundary adjusting block to achieve a target response spectrum. The inherent impact characteristic of the response device can be changed by replacing the response plate and adjusting the position of the boundary adjusting block; and the standard of different response spectrum curves can be realized by matching with different table body waveform regulators and hammerhead waveform regulators. Through adjustable impact speed and impact head mass, the vertical impact response spectrum testing machine can realize large-size, large-load and high-magnitude test specifications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of dynamics test equipment, and in particular relates to a large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine. Background Art

[0002] In the explosion and shock environment during the launch and operation of a spacecraft, energy is instantly transferred to the spacecraft and its components, causing sudden changes in displacement, velocity and acceleration, which may damage and malfunction the instruments and equipment on the spacecraft. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct ground explosion and shock environment simulation tests on aerospace products in order to expose structural and performance defects at an early stage and ensure the working reliability of spacecraft in the explosion and shock environment. As aerospace products become larger, more complex and more integrated, simulation shock test equipment needs to achieve large size, large load and wide range of adjustable shock response characteristics.

[0003] Common simulation test methods used by traditional simulation impact test equipment include: pyrotechnic explosion, vibration table simulation, mechanical impact simulation (pendulum type, drop type, pneumatic type, etc.). In view of the test requirements of aerospace products, pyrotechnic explosions have poor controllability, poor safety, and high test costs. It is difficult to achieve high-level tests with vibration table simulations, and impact tests cause certain damage to the equipment. The pendulum type and drop type are limited by the implementation principle and equipment size, and it is difficult to achieve high-energy excitation. At the same time, the above-mentioned shock spectrum simulation equipment has certain difficulties in realizing vertical shock spectrum tests on large products under laboratory conditions.

[0004] Pneumatic impact equipment uses compressed air to instantly release expansion to push the impact head to accelerate the impact response device. A shorter stroke can achieve higher impact energy, and has certain advantages in achieving high-level test conditions and large product clamping. Domestic horizontal large-load impact spectrum testing machines already have mature equipment, but vertical tests are generally achieved by designing special flip fixtures or replacing test equipment. Special flip fixtures are generally L-shaped or T-shaped fixtures. During the test, the test piece is fixed on the fixture, and then the fixture is fixed on the installation table of the shock spectrum machine. The flip fixture is used to achieve impact testing of the product in three directions. Large aerospace products have complex structures, and flip fixtures have poor versatility, high experimental costs, and difficulty in adjusting impact response characteristics.

[0005] In summary, the existing simulation impact test equipment cannot realize the impact spectrum response test with large size, large load and wide range of adjustable impact response characteristics, and cannot meet the needs of aerospace development. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the existing simulation impact test equipment cannot realize the impact spectrum response test with large size, large load and wide range adjustable impact response characteristics.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to adopt the following technical solutions to achieve:

[0008] A large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine, the impact response spectrum testing machine comprising: a platform for supporting and fixing, a response device fixed on the top of the platform, an impact power mechanical system connected to the platform and located below the response device, a data acquisition and analysis system connected to the response device, and a power control system connected to the impact power mechanical system;

[0009] The response device comprises a collision device connected to the platform, a response plate in contact with the object to be measured, and a boundary adjustment block fixed between the collision device and the response plate and capable of adjusting the position;

[0010] The collision device includes a collision plate and a response adjustment component connected to the collision plate.

[0011] Preferably, the platform includes a base assembly fixed to the ground, a platform frame connected to the base assembly, and a clamping assembly connected to the platform frame;

[0012] The basic assembly includes a vibration reduction and energy absorption device;

[0013] The clamping assembly is used to fix the collision device to the platform.

[0014] Preferably, the impact power mechanical system comprises: an impact cylinder fixed to the platform, and a piston impact head fixed to the top of the moving end of the impact cylinder; and the collision device is located within the movement range of the impact head.

[0015] Preferably, the response adjustment component includes: a table waveform regulator fixed between the table and the collision plate, and a hammer waveform regulator fixed under the collision plate; different impact response characteristics are achieved by changing the table waveform regulator and / or the hammer waveform regulator.

[0016] Preferably, the material of the table waveform regulator or the hammer waveform regulator includes one or more of felt, rubber, cardboard, resin elastomer, and layered composite material; the layered composite material contains one or more of the felt, rubber, cardboard, and resin elastomer.

[0017] Preferably, the response plate includes various sizes.

[0018] Preferably, the shock response spectrum testing machine includes a plurality of table waveform regulators, which are respectively arranged between the oil pressure tightening cylinder and the collision plate, and between the collision plate and the contact surface of the table, so as to achieve stiffness and damping of different support boundaries.

[0019] Preferably, the collision plate comprises a detachable reinforcement beam.

[0020] Preferably, the mass of the impact head is between 50kg and 125kg.

[0021] Preferably, the response plate, the boundary adjustment block and the collision plate are fixed by bolts.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention discloses a large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine, which includes: a platform for supporting and fixing, a response device fixed on the top of the platform, an impact power mechanical system connected to the platform and located below the response device, a data acquisition and analysis system connected to the response device, and a power control system connected to the impact power mechanical system; the response device includes a collision device connected to the platform, a response plate in contact with the object to be tested, and a boundary adjustment block fixed between the collision device and the response plate and adjustable in position; the collision device includes a collision plate and a response adjustment component connected to the collision plate. The present invention realizes a vertical impact response spectrum test by fixing the response device on the top of the platform; realizes a wide range of stiffness adjustment of the response device by adjusting the boundary adjustment block; realizes a wide range of adjustment of the impact response characteristics by replacing different response adjustment components; and thus realizes a large-size, large-load and wide-range adjustable impact response characteristic shock spectrum response test to meet the large-load and diversified test requirements of aerospace development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the main structure of a large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A top view of the main structure of a large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a side view of the main structure of a large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A top view of the middle platform frame;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A top view of the base assembly;

[0030] Among them: 1. platform, 2. response device, 3. impact power mechanical system, 4. data acquisition and analysis system, 5. power control system, 6. measured object, 11. basic component, 12. platform frame, 13. clamping component, 111. air spring, 112. damper, 121. reinforcement rib, 122. cylinder mounting seat, 21. collision device, 22. response plate, 23. boundary adjustment block, 211. collision plate, 212. platform waveform regulator, 213. hammer waveform regulator, 31. impact cylinder, 32. piston impact head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to help understand the content of the present invention.

[0032] The invention provides a vertical large-load impact response spectrum testing machine. The testing machine has large load capacity, large impact energy, large response table size, convenient installation and use, and can be used to simulate impact response tests of various large-scale aerospace products.

[0033] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention discloses a large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine, the impact response spectrum testing machine comprises: a platform 1 for supporting and fixing, a response device 2 fixed on the top of the platform 1, an impact power mechanical system 3 connected to the platform 1 and located below the response device 2, a data acquisition and analysis system 4 connected to the response device 2, and a power control system 5 connected to the impact power mechanical system 3;

[0034] The response device 2 includes a collision device 21 connected to the platform 1, a response plate 22 in contact with the object 6, and a boundary adjustment block 23 fixed between the collision device 21 and the response plate 22 and capable of adjusting the position;

[0035] The collision device 21 includes a collision plate 211 and a response adjustment component connected to the collision plate, and the response adjustment component includes a platform waveform regulator 212 fixed between the platform 1 and the collision plate 211, and a hammer waveform regulator 213 fixed under the collision plate 211; different impact response characteristics can be achieved by changing the material of the platform waveform regulator 212 and / or the hammer waveform regulator 213.

[0036] The platform 1 includes a base component 11 fixed to the ground, a platform frame 12 connected to the base component 11 , and a clamping component 13 connected to the platform frame 12 .

[0037] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the outer side of the platform frame 12 has a plurality of reinforcing ribs 121 and a cylinder mounting seat 122 located in the middle.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the basic component 11 includes a vibration reduction and energy absorption device; the vibration reduction and energy absorption device includes an air spring 111 and a damper 112.

[0039] The clamping assembly 13 is used to fix the collision device 21 to the platform 1 .

[0040] The impact power mechanical system 3 includes: an impact cylinder 31 fixed to the platform 1 , and a piston impact head 32 fixed to the top of the moving end of the impact cylinder 31 ; the collision device 21 is located within the movement range of the impact head 32 .

[0041] The material of the platform waveform regulator 212 or the hammer waveform regulator 213 includes felt, rubber, cardboard, resin elastomer, and layered composite material; the layered composite material includes one or more of the felt, rubber, cardboard, and resin elastomer.

[0042] The response plate 22 includes various sizes to achieve different impact response characteristics.

[0043] The shock response spectrum testing machine includes a plurality of platform waveform regulators 212, which are respectively arranged between the hydraulic tightening cylinder 13 and the collision plate 211, and between the collision plate 211 and the contact surface of the platform 1. The stiffness and damping of different support boundaries can be achieved by replacing the platform waveform regulators 212 of different specifications (mainly thickness) and / or materials.

[0044] The collision plate 211 includes a detachable reinforcement beam. The stiffness of the collision plate 211 can be changed by adding or not adding the reinforcement beam, or by adding reinforcement beams of different strength specifications, thereby changing the impact response characteristics of the collision plate 211.

[0045] The mass of the impact head 32 is between 50kg and 125kg.

[0046] The response plate 22, the boundary adjustment block 23 and the collision plate 211 are connected and fixed by bolts.

[0047] The basic component 11 adopts a split structure and is designed in two groups, and is composed of a vibration isolation pad rubber pad, a vibration isolation plate, a vibration isolation spring, a damper, and a guide.

[0048] The total weight ratio of the impact base is 1:40, and the total weight of the platform is 10 tons. Six 5-ton load-bearing airbags are selected, with a total load-bearing capacity of 30 tons. At the same time, 8 self-made pneumatic dampers and 12 shock absorbers are equipped.

[0049] The clamping assembly 13 adopts a hydraulic tightening method with a maximum adjustable pressure of 15Mpa. The oil cylinder is installed on the clamping cylinder support and its position is adjustable. The tightening seat is fixed to the piston head of the tightening cylinder by screw connection and is replaceable. The piston head on the tightening cylinder adopts an internal thread M16 for installing different tightening blocks, and the cylinder stroke is 200mm. The hydraulic pump station adopts a manual adjustment method of the overflow valve to set the system pressure, and the pressure adjustment range is 0-15Mpa. A two-way locking pressure valve is configured to ensure that when the cylinder is under load, the motor stops the cylinder to maintain pressure, and the oil pressure will not drop within 10 minutes. The oil pump outlet is controlled by a manual speed control valve, and the movement speed of the cylinder is manually set. Through a one-to-four or one-to-six synchronous diverter valve, four-cylinder synchronization or six-cylinder synchronization is achieved, and the synchronization accuracy is less than 10%.

[0050] The platform frame 12 is welded from structural steel and is used to install impact components and response devices.

[0051] The impact device consists of an air supply component, an impact component, and a controller.

[0052] The air is filtered through an air dryer and a high-precision filter, and processed into the required pressure gas using a piston compressor, which is then transported to a pressure vessel for storage. The required pressure value is designed through a controller, and the pressure gas state is controlled through an electrical proportional control valve.

[0053] The impact assembly adopts a cylinder-in-cylinder structure, including an air storage cylinder, an impact cylinder, and a piston.

[0054] There is a pressure regulating valve between the air storage cylinder and the impact cylinder. The pressure regulating valve is steplessly adjustable below 0.8Mpa to solve the problem of high-level impact response spectrum testing.

[0055] The pressure regulating valve can control the pressure of the gas stored in the gas storage cylinder and control the pressure gas channel between the gas storage cylinder and the impact cylinder.

[0056] The impact cylinder and the piston are provided with sealing rings.

[0057] The impact cylinder is equipped with an exhaust hole and the electric control box is equipped with a delay to prevent secondary collision.

[0058] When the piston moves to the upper part of the impact cylinder, the pressure relief device works to discharge the excess gas in the impact cylinder.

[0059] The T-shaped piston punch effectively increases the impact area.

[0060] A counterweight can be installed on the hammer head.

[0061] The response device consists of an impact plate, a boundary adjustment block and a response plate.

[0062] The impact plate is installed on the platform through the tightening force provided by the hydraulic clamping assembly. The tightening force can be adjusted steplessly to solve the installation of large-load products. The tightening area can be adjusted.

[0063] The boundary adjustment block is connected to the impact plate and the response plate at the same time, and the installation position of the boundary adjustment block is adjustable.

[0064] The response board uses a 1500mm response board to solve the installation of large-size products.

[0065] The response device includes a platform waveform regulator and a hammer waveform regulator. The platform waveform regulator can adjust the inflection point frequency of the response spectrum, and the hammer waveform regulator can adjust the impact time between the hammer and the impact plate and control the impact pulse width.

[0066] When the present invention is working, the response device is clamped by the clamping device, the test product is installed on the response device, the estimated impact air pressure is set by the controller, and the pressure gas of the air storage cylinder enters the impact cylinder through the solenoid valve. Then, the hammer head is accelerated under the action of the pressure gas to hit the response plate.

[0067] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0068] The use of the 1500mm×1500mm response plate of the present invention solves the installation of large-scale tests; the diameter of the impact cylinder currently designed is 180mm, the piston stroke is 350mm, and the piston speed can reach 9m / s, which solves a large number of shock spectrum tests; the response plate is installed in a hydraulic top-level manner, which solves the installation of large loads.

[0069] The response table is 1500mm×1500mm, which is the largest in China.

[0070] The maximum response spectrum value is over 5000g, far exceeding the response spectrum level of similar domestic equipment.

[0071] The vertical installation load is 800kg, far exceeding the load level of similar domestic equipment.

[0072] A counterweight can be installed on the hammer head to change the mass of the hammer head.

[0073] The clamping cylinders can be adjusted to four or six clamping cylinders working synchronously, and the size of the clamping area is adjustable.

[0074] The test device has a large installation surface, large load capacity, and high response magnitude. Its inflection point, spectrum value, and slope meet the response spectrum requirements of a large number of aerospace products.

[0075] The maximum load of the large-load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine of this embodiment is 500kg, the size (length×width×height) of the response plate is 1500mm×1500mm×20mm, and the weight is 135kg; the size of the hammer head (diameter×height) is 320mm×500mm, and a forged aluminum hammer head is used. The weight is adjustable between 50kg and 125kg, and the maximum movement stroke of the hammer head is 350mm. The maximum load index that can be achieved is: when the test load is 500kg, the slope of 100Hz to 650Hz is 8dB / oct, and the spectrum value of 650Hz to 5000Hz is 450g; the maximum response index is: when the test load is 20kg, the slope of 100Hz to 1500Hz is 9dB / oct, and the spectrum value of 1500Hz to 5000Hz is 5000g.

[0076] During operation, the six tightening hydraulic cylinders apply set pressure, through the platform waveform regulator and the tightening collision device, the collision device is tightened through the platform waveform regulator and the upper edge of the platform frame to form a boundary constraint with a certain rigidity. The response plate is connected to the boundary adjustment block by bolts, and the boundary adjustment block is fixed to the collision device by bolts. After the air storage cylinder is inflated and the pressure of the air storage cylinder is adjusted to the set value, after the controller issues an impact command, the solenoid valve is activated to open the air intake passage, and the compressed air quickly enters the impact cylinder from the air storage cylinder, pushing the impact head to start accelerating to the required speed. The impact head drives the hammer waveform regulator to hit the collision device, and the shock wave is transmitted to the response plate through the collision device and the boundary adjustment block, realizing the target response spectrum on the response plate. At the same time, the exhaust passage of the impact cylinder 11 is opened to prevent secondary rebound, and the compressed air is discharged from the cylinder, and the impact head slowly falls to the initial position by gravity.

[0077] In this embodiment, the platform frame is mainly used to support and fix the collision device, the clamping assembly 13 (tightening hydraulic cylinder), and the impact cylinder, and provide different constraint boundary conditions for the collision device.

[0078] In the embodiment, six vibration-damping springs are installed under the platform frame to provide the bearing capacity of the equipment and reduce the vibration during the impact process.

[0079] In this embodiment, eight guide dampers are installed under the platform frame to ensure that the platform does not overturn during the test and to reduce the vibration during the impact process.

[0080] In this embodiment, if the impact response spectrum cannot reach the predetermined response spectrum value, the thickness and material of the platform waveform regulator and the hammer head waveform regulator are adjusted according to the actual situation, the tightening pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is adjusted, the air pressure of the impact cylinder is adjusted, the reinforcement beam of the collision device, the position of the boundary adjustment block and other parameters are adjusted, and the above implementation process is repeated.

[0081] The development principle of a large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine of the present invention is as follows:

[0082] The impact response spectrum refers to the relationship between the maximum response (displacement, velocity, acceleration) of a linear single-degree-of-freedom system with a certain damping and the natural frequency of the system when it is impacted. Therefore, to achieve the target spectrum on the response device, two requirements must be met at the same time: (1) The inherent dynamic characteristics of the response device must conform to the characteristics of the target response spectrum, which is referred to as the internal factor; (2) The external excitation must be able to provide excitation characteristics that meet the target response spectrum, which is referred to as the external factor.

[0083] From the perspective of internal factors, specifically: the inflection point of the target response spectrum corresponds to a certain order of natural frequency of the response device. To achieve different inflection point conditions of the target response spectrum, the response device needs to have different dynamic characteristics. The detachable reinforcement beam of the collision device, the adjustable tightening pressure of the hydraulic cylinder, and the adjustable position of the boundary adjustment block will all cause changes in the dynamic characteristics of the response device, thereby satisfying the internal factors for achieving the target response spectrum.

[0084] From the perspective of external factors, specifically: a target response spectrum corresponds to a certain amount of energy, which is provided by the kinetic energy of the impact head before the collision. The kinetic energy is determined by the mass and speed of the impact head, so different gas pressures can provide different impact head speeds, and the impact head can also adjust the mass to obtain different energy combinations. After passing through the waveform generator, the excitation force provided by the impact head is approximately half-sine. Under the premise of a certain energy, the pulse width and peak value are interdependent. The pulse width affects the inflection point frequency of the impact response spectrum, and the peak value affects the acceleration peak of the impact response spectrum.

[0085] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine, characterized in that: The shock response spectrum testing machine includes: a platform for supporting and fixing, a response device fixed on the top of the platform, an impact power mechanical system connected to the platform and located below the response device, a data acquisition and analysis system connected to the response device, and a power control system connected to the impact power mechanical system; The response device comprises a collision device connected to the platform, a response plate in contact with the object to be measured, and a boundary adjustment block fixed between the collision device and the response plate and capable of adjusting the position; The collision device includes a collision plate and a response adjustment component connected to the collision plate.

2. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The platform body comprises a base assembly fixed to the ground, a platform body frame connected to the base assembly, and a clamping assembly connected to the platform body frame; The basic assembly includes a vibration reduction and energy absorption device; The clamping assembly is used to fix the collision device to the platform.

3. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The impact power mechanical system comprises: an impact cylinder fixed to the platform, and a piston impact head fixed to the top of the moving end of the impact cylinder; the collision device is located within the movement stroke of the impact head.

4. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The response adjustment component includes: a platform waveform regulator fixed between the platform and the collision plate, and a hammer waveform regulator fixed below the collision plate; different impact response characteristics are achieved by changing the platform waveform regulator and / or the hammer waveform regulator.

5. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The material of the table waveform regulator or the hammer waveform regulator includes one or more of felt, rubber, cardboard, resin elastomer, and layered composite material; the layered composite material contains one or more of the felt, rubber, cardboard, and resin elastomer.

6. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The response plate includes various sizes.

7. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The shock response spectrum testing machine comprises a plurality of platform waveform regulators, which are respectively arranged between the oil pressure jacking cylinder and the collision plate, and between the collision plate and the platform contact surface, so as to achieve the stiffness and damping of different support boundaries.

8. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The impact plate includes a removable reinforcement beam.

9. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The mass of the impact head is between 50kg and 125kg.

10. A large load vertical impact response spectrum testing machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The response plate, the boundary adjustment block and the collision plate are connected and fixed by bolts.

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