Acquisition method and device of vibroseis

Abstract

The invention provides a vibroseis acquisition method and device, and the method comprises the steps: determining a plurality of detection point positions and shot point positions according to an obtained geological task and an exploration target; the shot point position is used for arranging a seismic source; calculating the installation depth of a preset detector at each detection point position; receiving an original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source; and performing cross-correlation processing on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain the vibroseis. According to the reciprocity theorem of wave field propagation, the detector is arranged in a well for receiving, so that the influence of complex near-surface is avoided, and the detector has good black triangle strong interference noise resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a controllable seismic source acquisition method and device. Background Art

[0002] Compared with traditional explosive source acquisition, vibroseis acquisition is more environmentally friendly and efficient, and is gradually replacing traditional explosive source excitation methods in oil and gas seismic exploration. The generation of vibroseis is mainly to drive a truck loaded with a vibroseis device to the design position of the observation system, and then hit the ground with a heavy hammer to generate a series of simple harmonic waves. The frequency of the wave field generated by the vibroseis can be controlled by the falling rate of the heavy hammer, and the detector is usually placed in the position designed by the observation system in the form of a detector line. The quality of seismic data obtained by this acquisition method in plains and Gobi areas is often not worse than that of traditional well-gun sources, but the seismic single shot acquired in complex near-surface areas such as deserts and loess sources is often accompanied by a strong energy interference noise. This strong interference usually occurs in the near-offset low-speed triangle area of ​​the single shot, and shows obvious incoherence, so it is called the "black triangle" strong interference noise. This noise is a kind of noise that cannot be avoided in traditional vibroseis acquisition, which seriously affects the acquisition of near-offset information and also brings great difficulties to the subsequent seismic data processing.

[0003] Although some methods have been proposed to suppress the "black triangle" noise at this stage, it is impossible to fundamentally eliminate the impact of the black triangle noise on the quality of the single shot of the vibrator. In order to suppress this strong interference from the root and further promote the application of vibrators, it is particularly important to propose an acquisition method that can resist the interference of the "black triangle" noise. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a controllable vibrator acquisition method and device, which fundamentally eliminates the "black triangle" strong interference noise that is often associated with the controllable vibrator acquisition data in the past by improving the controllable vibrator acquisition mode.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a controllable seismic source acquisition method, comprising:

[0006] According to the acquired geological tasks and exploration targets, several detection point locations and shot point locations are determined; the shot point locations are used to arrange the seismic source;

[0007] Calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each of the detection points;

[0008] Receiving an original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source;

[0009] Cross-correlation processing is performed on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain a controllable seismic source.

[0010] Optionally, after calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each of the detection points, the method further includes:

[0011] The coupling property of the preset detector is tested.

[0012] Optionally, according to the acquired geological tasks and exploration targets, several detection point locations and shot point locations are determined, including:

[0013] Extract target acquisition areas and target depths from geological missions and their exploration objectives;

[0014] The seismic observation system is designed according to the target acquisition area, the target depth, and in combination with geological data and geological models; the seismic observation system includes a plurality of preset detectors and the seismic source, the preset detectors are located at the detection point positions, and the seismic source is located at the shot point positions.

[0015] Optionally, testing the coupling property of the preset detector includes:

[0016] According to the source excitation mode set by the seismic observation system, the controllable source excitation is performed by the controllable source vehicle to obtain a seismic wave detection signal;

[0017] The coupling property of the preset detector is determined according to the seismic wave detection signal recorded by the preset detector.

[0018] Optionally, cross-correlation processing is performed on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain a controllable seismic source, including:

[0019] Extracting effective seismic wave signals from the original seismic wave signals by cross-correlation technology;

[0020] The effective seismic signal is processed by using a filtering algorithm and a noise reduction algorithm to obtain the controllable seismic source.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a controllable seismic source acquisition device, characterized in that it comprises:

[0022] A position determination module is used to determine a number of detection point positions and shot point positions according to the acquired geological tasks and exploration targets; the shot point positions are used to arrange the seismic source;

[0023] A calculation module, used for calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each detection point;

[0024] A signal receiving module, used for receiving an original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source;

[0025] The cross-correlation module processing module is used to perform cross-correlation processing on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain controllable seismic sources.

[0026] Optionally, it also includes:

[0027] The testing module is used to test the coupling performance of the preset detector.

[0028] Optionally, the location determination module includes:

[0029] An extraction submodule is used to extract the target acquisition area and target depth from the geological mission and its exploration objectives;

[0030] A system design module is used to design the seismic observation system according to the target acquisition area, the target depth, combined with geological data and geological models; the seismic observation system includes a plurality of preset detectors and the seismic source, the preset detector is located at the detection point position, and the seismic source is located at the shot point position.

[0031] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps in the method provided in the first aspect are performed.

[0032] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the method provided in the first aspect are performed.

[0033] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present invention has the following advantages:

[0034] The present invention provides a method and device for collecting controllable seismic sources, the method comprising: determining a number of detection point positions and shot point positions according to the acquired geological tasks and exploration targets; the shot point positions are used to arrange the seismic source; calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each of the detection point positions; receiving the original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source; cross-correlation processing is performed on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain a controllable seismic source. According to the reciprocity theorem of wave field propagation, the influence of complex near-surface is avoided by placing the detector in the well for reception, and the controllable seismic source has good anti-"black triangle" strong interference noise characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0036] Figure 1 A flowchart of a controllable seismic source acquisition method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a second embodiment of a controllable seismic source acquisition method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a third embodiment of a controllable seismic source acquisition method of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the positions of conventional vibroseis acquisition shots;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the positions of the controllable seismic acquisition shots obtained by using the controllable seismic source acquisition method;

[0041] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a single shot for traditional vibroseis acquisition;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a single shot of vibroseis acquisition in an embodiment of a vibroseis acquisition method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 The present invention is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a controllable seismic source acquisition device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The embodiment of the present invention provides a controllable vibrator acquisition method and device, which fundamentally eliminates the "black triangle" strong interference noise that is often associated with the controllable vibrator acquisition data in the past by improving the controllable vibrator acquisition method.

[0045] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] For example, see Figure 1 , Figure 1 The flowchart of the first embodiment of the acquisition method of a controllable vibroseis of the present invention includes:

[0047] Step S101, according to the acquired geological task and its exploration target, determine a number of detection point positions and shot point positions; the shot point positions are used to arrange the seismic source;

[0048] It should be noted that the location of the detection point is the location of the receiver used to record the seismic wave signal, and the selection of the location and number of the detection points is crucial to the accuracy and resolution of the exploration results.

[0049] Shot points are locations that provide energy to excite underground seismic waves. By placing seismic sources (such as explosives, seismic source vehicles or source plates) at appropriate locations, the generated seismic waves will propagate underground and interact with underground structures. The location and arrangement of shot points determine the coverage and incident angle of seismic waves, which in turn affects the quality and resolution of exploration results.

[0050] Step S102, calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each detection point position;

[0051] In an optional embodiment, after calculating the installation depth of the preset geophone at each of the geophone detection points, the method further includes:

[0052] The coupling property of the preset detector is tested.

[0053] Step S103, receiving an original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source;

[0054] Step S104, performing cross-correlation processing on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain controllable seismic sources.

[0055] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for collecting controllable seismic sources, including: determining a number of detection point positions and shot point positions according to the acquired geological tasks and exploration targets; the shot point positions are used to arrange the seismic source; calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each of the detection point positions; receiving the original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source; cross-correlation processing is performed on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain a controllable seismic source. According to the reciprocity theorem of wave field propagation, the influence of complex near-surface is avoided by placing the detector in the well for reception, and the method has good anti-"black triangle" strong interference noise characteristics.

[0056] For example 2, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 The flowchart of the second embodiment of the acquisition method of a controllable vibrator of the present invention includes:

[0057] Step S201, according to the acquired geological task and its exploration target, determine a number of detection point positions and shot point positions; the shot point positions are used to arrange the seismic source;

[0058] Step S202, calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each detection point position;

[0059] Step S203, receiving an original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source;

[0060] Step S204, extracting effective seismic wave signals from the original seismic wave signals by cross-correlation technology;

[0061] Step S205, using a filtering algorithm and a noise reduction algorithm to process the effective seismic signal to obtain the controllable seismic source.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present invention, a cross-correlation algorithm is used to compare and calculate the original seismic signal recorded on each preset detector with the original seismic signal on other preset detectors. Through the cross-correlation technology, the effective energy in the original seismic signal, that is, the effective seismic wave signal, can be extracted and highlighted, thereby reducing or removing the interference signal. At the same time, in the data processing process, filtering and noise reduction algorithms are used to remove the "black triangle" strong interference noise in the effective seismic wave signal, so as to obtain a more accurate and clearer controllable source.

[0063] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a controllable seismic source acquisition method, which, based on the cross-correlation technology, combines a filtering algorithm and a noise reduction algorithm to remove noise and interference signals, thereby obtaining a more accurate and clearer controllable seismic source, making it more helpful for the interpretation and analysis of underground structures.

[0064] For example 3, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The following is a flow chart of a third embodiment of a controllable vibroseis acquisition method of the present invention, wherein the method comprises:

[0065] Step S301, extracting the target acquisition area and target depth from the geological task and its exploration target;

[0066] Step S302, designing the seismic observation system according to the target acquisition area, the target depth, and in combination with geological data and geological models; the seismic observation system includes a plurality of the preset geophones and the seismic sources, the preset geophones are located at the geophone point positions, and the seismic sources are located at the shot point positions; the shot point positions are used to arrange the seismic sources;

[0067] In the embodiment of the present invention, the target acquisition area and target depth to be acquired are determined according to the geological task and the exploration target, and then the corresponding seismic observation system is designed according to the target acquisition area and the target depth.

[0068] In specific implementation, the design process of the seismic observation system already includes the determination of the distribution and arrangement of the shot point locations and the detection point locations. In special cases, it is also necessary to include the design of the seismic wave excitation method, source energy, and detector type to ensure that underground structure information that meets the exploration objectives can be obtained.

[0069] Step S303, calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each of the detection points;

[0070] In the embodiment of the present invention, the installation depth is the depth from the ground surface to the water table.

[0071] In the specific implementation, the wells are drilled from the detection point position set by the seismic observation system until the water table position is reached, and then they are combined or placed in the well individually according to the pre-set method. By ensuring that the wells reach the water table position, the coupling of the seismic receiver and the quality of the seismic data can be improved, thereby more accurately studying the underground geological structure.

[0072] Step S304, performing vibroseis excitation through the vibroseis vehicle according to the vibroseis excitation mode set by the seismic observation system to obtain a seismic wave detection signal;

[0073] In the embodiment of the present invention, under the condition that the vibrator vehicle is in good condition, the vibrator vehicle is driven according to the position specified by the seismic observation system and the vibrator is excited according to the set source activation method.

[0074] In a specific implementation, when there are multiple controllable vibrator vehicles, the acquisition method can be combined with various existing efficient acquisition methods, such as independent vibrator synchronous scanning method, so as to improve the acquisition efficiency.

[0075] Step S305, determining the coupling property of the preset detector according to the seismic wave detection signal recorded by the preset detector;

[0076] In an embodiment of the present invention, after the controllable vibrator excites the seismic wave detection signal, these signals propagate in the underground medium to the detector position. The preset detector needs to have good contact with the underground medium in order to properly receive and record the excited seismic wave detection signal. The quality of the coupling directly affects the quality and accuracy of the signal received by the preset detector. If the preset detector is not in close contact with the underground medium or is loose, it may cause problems such as signal attenuation, interference of reflected waves, and increase of noise, thereby affecting the interpretation and analysis of seismic data.

[0077] Step S306, receiving the original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source;

[0078] Step S307, extracting effective seismic wave signals from the original seismic wave signals by cross-correlation technology;

[0079] Step S308, using a filtering algorithm and a noise reduction algorithm to process the effective seismic signal to obtain the controllable seismic source.

[0080] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for collecting controllable seismic sources. According to the requirements of the observation system, the controllable seismic source vehicle is accurately driven to the specified position, and the controllable seismic source is excited to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data, thereby ensuring the coupling of the preset detectors. On this basis, combined with the cross-correlation technology, filtering algorithm and noise reduction algorithm, a more accurate and clearer controllable seismic source is obtained, which is more helpful for the interpretation and analysis of underground structures.

[0081] Example 4, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the shot inspection positions for conventional vibroseis acquisition. Figure 5 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the controllable seismic acquisition shot detection position obtained by the controllable seismic acquisition method, in which the black square represents the controllable seismic source point position, and the inverted triangle represents the detection point position. The key to the present invention is to move the detection point in the traditional controllable seismic source from the surface to the receiving surface in the well. It can be seen that Figure 4 The positions of the shots are all surface excitation and surface reception, and Figure 5 The shot point is superior to the limitation of the vibrator vehicle, which is still on the surface, while the receiver point has been moved down to the diving surface by drilling a well. Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the traditional single shot acquisition of the vibroseis source obtained by excitation and reception of the observation system is as follows Figure 6 As shown, based on Figure 5 The schematic diagram of a single shot of vibroseis acquisition obtained by exciting and receiving the observation system is shown in Figure 7 As shown, we can see that Figure 6 In the middle low-speed triangle area, obvious strong interference can be seen. This interference destroys the hyperbolic law of the near-biased effective wave and reduces the quality of the single shot. Figure 7 The strong interference noise of the "black triangle" is effectively eliminated, and the signal-to-noise ratio is also significantly improved. In other words, the single shot quality obtained by the embodiment of the present invention is significantly better than the traditional controllable vibroseis acquisition method.

[0082] For example 5, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8The structural block diagram of an embodiment of a controllable seismic source acquisition device of the present invention includes:

[0083] The position determination module 501 is used to determine a number of detection point positions and shot point positions according to the acquired geological tasks and exploration targets; the shot point positions are used to arrange the seismic source;

[0084] A calculation module 502 is used to calculate the installation depth of the preset detector at each detection point position;

[0085] A signal receiving module 503 is used to receive an original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source;

[0086] The cross-correlation module processing module 504 is used to perform cross-correlation processing on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain controllable seismic sources.

[0087] In an optional embodiment, it also includes:

[0088] The testing module is used to test the coupling performance of the preset detector.

[0089] In an optional embodiment, the location determination module 301 includes:

[0090] An extraction submodule is used to extract the target acquisition area and target depth from the geological mission and its exploration objectives;

[0091] The system design submodule is used to design the seismic observation system according to the target acquisition area, the target depth, combined with geological data and geological models; the seismic observation system includes a plurality of preset detectors and the seismic source, the preset detectors are located at the detection point position, and the seismic source is located at the shot point position.

[0092] In an optional embodiment, the test module includes:

[0093] A signal detection submodule, used to perform controllable source excitation through the controllable source vehicle according to the source excitation mode set by the seismic observation system to obtain a seismic wave detection signal;

[0094] The coupling determination submodule is used to determine the coupling of the preset detector according to the seismic wave detection signal recorded by the preset detector.

[0095] In an optional embodiment, the cross-correlation module processing module 305 includes:

[0096] A seismic wave signal extraction submodule, used for extracting effective seismic wave signals from the original seismic wave signals by using a cross-correlation technique;

[0097] The controllable seismic source acquisition submodule is used to process the effective seismic signal using a filtering algorithm and a noise reduction algorithm to obtain the controllable seismic source.

[0098] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of a controllable seismic source acquisition method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0099] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the acquisition method of a surface controllable vibroseis as described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0100] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0101] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the methods, devices, electronic devices and storage media disclosed in the present invention can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0102] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0103] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0104] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned readable storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0105] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collecting vibroseis data, characterized in that: include: According to the acquired geological tasks and exploration targets, several detection point locations and shot point locations are determined; the shot point locations are used to arrange the seismic source; Calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each of the detection points; Receiving an original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source; Cross-correlation processing is performed on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain a controllable seismic source.

2. The controllable vibroseis acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each of the detection points, the method further includes: The coupling property of the preset detector is tested.

3. The controllable vibroseis acquisition method according to claim 2, characterized in that: According to the geological tasks and exploration targets obtained, several detection point locations and shot point locations are determined, including: Extract target acquisition areas and target depths from geological missions and their exploration objectives; The seismic observation system is designed according to the target acquisition area, the target depth, and in combination with geological data and geological models; the seismic observation system includes a plurality of preset detectors and the seismic source, the preset detectors are located at the detection point positions, and the seismic source is located at the shot point positions.

4. The controllable vibroseis acquisition method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Testing the coupling of the preset detector includes: According to the source excitation mode set by the seismic observation system, the controllable source excitation is performed by the controllable source vehicle to obtain a seismic wave detection signal; The coupling property of the preset detector is determined according to the seismic wave detection signal recorded by the preset detector.

5. The controllable vibroseis acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Cross-correlation processing is performed on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain a controllable vibrator, including: Extracting effective seismic wave signals from the original seismic wave signals by cross-correlation technology; The effective seismic signal is processed by using a filtering algorithm and a noise reduction algorithm to obtain the controllable seismic source.

6. A controllable vibrator acquisition device, characterized in that: include: A position determination module is used to determine a number of detection point positions and shot point positions according to the acquired geological tasks and exploration targets; the shot point positions are used to arrange the seismic source; A calculation module, used for calculating the installation depth of the preset detector at each detection point; A signal receiving module, used for receiving an original seismic wave signal detected by the preset detector installed at the installation depth; the seismic wave signal is generated by the seismic source; The cross-correlation module processing module is used to perform cross-correlation processing on all the original seismic wave signals to obtain controllable seismic sources.

7. The controllable vibroseis acquisition device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: The testing module is used to test the coupling performance of the preset detector.

8. The controllable vibroseis acquisition device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The test module includes: An extraction submodule is used to extract the target acquisition area and target depth from the geological mission and its exploration objectives; A system design module is used to design the seismic observation system according to the target acquisition area, the target depth, combined with geological data and geological models; the seismic observation system includes a plurality of preset detectors and the seismic source, the preset detector is located at the detection point position, and the seismic source is located at the shot point position.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is executed.

10. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is performed.

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