Display and display system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a display including a plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements having respective blue, green, and red light emission spectra including respective blue, green, and red light emission peaks having respective blue, green, and red full width at half maximum (FWHM) at respective blue, green, and red light peak wavelengths. The display comprises a display panel and an optical collimation film. For substantially collimated incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance of the optical collimating film includes substantially different blue, green and red light transmission bands having respective blue, green and red light FWHM, the respective blue, green and red FWHM overlaps at least 30% of the respective blue, green and red FWHM at a first angle of incidence of less than about 10 degrees and less than 15% of the respective blue, green and red FWHM at a second angle of incidence of greater than about 30 degrees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to displays and display systems. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to an optical collimating film for displays and display systems. Background Art

[0002] Devices such as virtual reality (VR) devices and augmented reality (AR) devices can be used for various applications, such as entertainment, industrial applications, gaming, healthcare, etc. A collimated light control system may be desirable for such devices. In particular, it is desirable for such devices to have a collimated light control system for minimizing stray light and ghost images, and improving the optical performance of such devices. Summary of the invention

[0003] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a display. The display includes a plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements having corresponding blue, green and red emission spectra, the emission spectra including corresponding blue, green and red emission peaks with corresponding blue, green and red half-maximum full width (FWHM) at the corresponding blue, green and red peak wavelengths. The display also includes a display panel, which is arranged on the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements and is configured to receive light emitted by the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements and form an image. The display panel is configured to display a virtual image of the formed image to an observer. The display also includes an optical collimating film, which is arranged between the display panel and the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements, and is substantially coextensive with the display panel and the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements in length and width. The optical collimating film includes a plurality of microlayers having a total number of at least 10. Each of the microlayers has an average thickness of less than about 500 nanometers (nm) such that, for substantially collimated incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance of the optical collimating film includes substantially distinct blue, green, and red transmission bands having respective blue, green, and red FWHMs that overlap at least 30% of the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs of the emission spectrum at a first angle of incidence less than about 10 degrees and overlap less than 15% of the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs of the emission spectrum at a second angle of incidence greater than about 30 degrees.

[0004] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a display for displaying an enlarged virtual image of an image formed by a display panel to an observer. The display includes a plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements, which are configured to emit at least most of the light in the corresponding wavelength ranges of 420nm to 480nm, 490nm to 560nm and 590nm to 670nm. The display also includes a display panel, which is configured to receive the light emitted by the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements and form an image. The display also includes a lens assembly, which is configured to form an enlarged virtual image of the image formed by the display panel. The lens assembly includes at least one lens, a partial reflector and a reflective polarizer, and the at least one lens includes at least one curved main surface. The display also includes an optical collimating film. For substantially collimated incident light, a first angle of incidence less than about 10 degrees, a second angle of incidence greater than about 30 degrees, a wavelength of blue light within a range of 420 nm to 480 nm, a wavelength of green light within a range of 490 nm to 560 nm, and a wavelength of red light within a range of 590 nm to 670 nm, for each of the first angle of incidence and the second angle of incidence, and for each of the blue wavelength, the green wavelength, and the red wavelength, the reflective polarizer reflects at least 60% of the incident light polarized along a first in-plane direction and transmits at least 60% of the incident light polarized along an orthogonal second in-plane direction. For substantially collimated incident light, the first angle of incidence, the second angle of incidence, the wavelength of blue light, the green wavelength, and the red wavelength, for each of the first angle of incidence and the second angle of incidence, for each of the blue wavelength, the green wavelength, and the red wavelength, and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the partial reflector reflects at least 30% of the incident light and transmits at least 30% of the incident light. In addition, for substantially collimated incident light, a first incident angle, a second incident angle, a blue light wavelength, a green light wavelength, and a red light wavelength, for each of the blue light wavelength, the green light wavelength, and the red light wavelength, and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the optical collimating film transmits at least 50% of the incident light for the first incident angle and transmits less than about 10% of the incident light for the second incident angle.

[0005] In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a display system for displaying a magnified virtual image of an image formed by a pixelated display to an observer. The display system includes a pixelated display configured to form an image and includes a plurality of blue, green and red light emitting pixels, the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting pixels being configured to emit at least a majority of light within the corresponding wavelength ranges of 420nm to 480nm, 490nm to 560nm and 590nm to 670nm. The display system also includes a lens assembly configured to form a magnified virtual image of the image formed by the pixelated display. The lens assembly includes at least one lens, a partial reflector and a reflective polarizer, the at least one lens including at least one curved primary surface. The display system also includes an optical collimating film disposed between the lens assembly and the pixelated display. For substantially collimated incident light, a first angle of incidence less than about 10 degrees, a second angle of incidence greater than about 30 degrees, a wavelength of blue light within a range of 420 nm to 480 nm, a wavelength of green light within a range of 490 nm to 560 nm, and a wavelength of red light within a range of 590 nm to 670 nm, for each of the first angle of incidence and the second angle of incidence, and for each of the blue wavelength, the green wavelength, and the red wavelength, the reflective polarizer reflects at least 60% of the incident light polarized along a first in-plane direction and transmits at least 60% of the incident light polarized along an orthogonal second in-plane direction. For substantially collimated incident light, the first angle of incidence, the second angle of incidence, the wavelength of blue light, the green wavelength, and the red wavelength, for each of the first angle of incidence and the second angle of incidence, for each of the blue wavelength, the green wavelength, and the red wavelength, and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the partial reflector reflects at least 30% of the incident light and transmits at least 30% of the incident light. For substantially collimated incident light, a first incident angle, a second incident angle, a blue wavelength, a green wavelength, and a red wavelength, for each of the blue wavelength, the green wavelength, and the red wavelength, and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the optical collimating film transmits at least 50% of the incident light for the first incident angle and transmits less than about 10% of the incident light for the second incident angle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein may be more fully understood with reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Like numbers used in the figures refer to like components. However, it should be understood that the use of numbers to refer to components in a given figure is not intended to limit the components labeled with the same number in another figure.

[0007] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0008] Figure 2shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical collimating film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0009] Figure 3 shows graphs depicting optical transmittance versus wavelength for an optical collimating film of a display and emission intensity versus wavelength for blue, green, and red light emitting elements according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0010] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements configured to emit light and an optical collimating film disposed on the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0011] Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a reflective polarizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0012] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a display system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part thereof, and in which various embodiments are shown by way of illustration. It should be understood that other embodiments can be envisioned and made without departing from the scope or essence of the present disclosure. Therefore, the following specific embodiments should not be considered to have a limiting meaning.

[0014] In the following disclosure, the following definitions apply.

[0015] As used herein, all numbers should be considered to be modified by the term "about". As used herein, "a", "an", "said", "at least one" and "one or more" are used interchangeably.

[0016] As used herein, as a modifier of a characteristic or property, unless otherwise specifically defined, the term "substantially" means that the characteristic or property will be readily discernible by a person of ordinary skill without requiring absolute precision or a perfect match (e.g., within + / - 20% for quantifiable characteristics).

[0017] Unless specifically defined otherwise, the term "substantially" means a high degree of approximation (eg, within + / - 10% for a quantifiable characteristic), but again does not require an absolutely precise or perfect match.

[0018] Unless specifically defined otherwise, the term "about" means a close approximation (eg, within + / - 5% for a quantifiable property), but again does not require absolute precision or a perfect match.

[0019] As used herein, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used as identifiers. Therefore, such terms should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. Throughout the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are interchangeable when used in conjunction with a feature or element.

[0020] As used herein, “at least one of A and B” should be understood to mean “only A, only B, or both A and B”.

[0021] As used herein, the term "between about..." generally refers to an inclusive or closed range unless explicitly defined otherwise. For example, if parameter X is between about A and B, then A≤X≤B.

[0022] As used herein, when a first material is referred to as being "similar" to a second material, at least 90 weight percent of the first and second materials are identical, and any variation between the first and second materials is less than about 10 weight percent of each of the first and second materials.

[0023] As used herein, the term "film" generally refers to a material having a very high ratio of length or width to thickness. The film has two major surfaces defined by length and width. The film generally has good flexibility and can be used for a wide variety of applications, including displays. The film may also have a certain thickness or material composition, making them semi-rigid or rigid. The film described in the present disclosure may be made of various polymer materials. The film may be a single layer, a multilayer or a blend of different polymers.

[0024] As used herein, the term "layer" generally refers to a thickness of material having a relatively consistent chemical composition within a film. A layer can be any type of material, including polymers, cellulose, metals, or blends thereof. A given polymer layer can contain a single polymer type or a blend of polymers, and can be accompanied by additives. A given layer can be combined or connected with other layers to form a film. A layer can be partially continuous or completely continuous compared to adjacent layers or films. A given layer can be partially coextensive or completely coextensive with adjacent layers. A layer can contain sublayers.

[0025] As used herein, the term "adhesive" generally refers to a polymer composition that can be used to adhere two adherends together. Examples of adhesives may include curable adhesives, heat activated adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, or combinations thereof.

[0026] In some cases, displays and display systems may require collimated light control. Specifically, displays and display systems for VR / AR applications may require collimated light control to minimize stray light and optical artifacts, such as ghost images. Such optical artifacts may negatively impact the viewer's experience and may degrade the optical performance of the display and display system.

[0027] The present disclosure relates to displays or display systems that can be used in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices, such as entertainment, industrial applications, gaming, healthcare, etc. In some embodiments, the display can be used in a head-mounted display (HMD). In some embodiments, the display can be worn on the viewer's head or can be included as part of a headgear (e.g., a helmet) with a small display optic in front of the eye, such as in a monocular display device, or a small display optic in front of both eyes, such as in a binocular display device.

[0028] The present disclosure provides a display. The display includes a plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements having corresponding blue, green and red emission spectra, and the emission spectra include corresponding blue, green and red emission peaks with corresponding blue, green and red half-maximum full width (FWHM) at the corresponding blue, green and red peak wavelengths. The display also includes a display panel, which is arranged on the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements and is configured to receive light emitted by the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements and form an image. The display panel is configured to display a virtual image of the formed image to an observer. The display also includes an optical collimating film, which is arranged between the display panel and the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements, and is substantially coextensive with the display panel and the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements in length and width. The optical collimating film includes a plurality of microlayers having a total number of at least 10. Each of the microlayers has an average thickness of less than about 500 nanometers (nm) such that, for substantially collimated incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance of the optical collimating film includes substantially distinct blue, green, and red transmission bands having respective blue, green, and red FWHMs that overlap at least 30% of the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs of the emission spectrum at a first angle of incidence less than about 10 degrees and overlap less than 15% of the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs of the emission spectrum at a second angle of incidence greater than about 30 degrees.

[0029] Thus, for substantially collimated incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical collimating film can substantially transmit substantially collimated incident light (e.g., substantially axial incident light) incident on the optical collimating film at a first incident angle to form an image. In addition, for substantially collimated incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical collimating film can substantially block substantially collimated incident light (e.g., oblique or off-axis incident light) incident on the optical collimating film at a second incident angle.

[0030] Thus, the optical collimating film can provide the collimating function needed to reduce or prevent optical artifacts (such as ghost images) and can further enhance the optical performance (eg, brightness and / or contrast) of the display.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a display 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In some embodiments, the display 300 can be used for AR and VR applications without any limitation. The display 300 defines mutually orthogonal X-direction, Y-direction, and Z-direction. The X-direction and the Y-direction are directions in the plane of the display 300, and the Z-direction is a lateral direction along the thickness of the display 300. In other words, the X-direction and the Y-direction are arranged along the plane of the display 300, and the Z-direction is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the display 300.

[0032] The display 300 includes a plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r. In addition, the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r are configured to emit light 11 at least mostly within the respective wavelength ranges of 420nm to 480nm, 490nm to 560nm and 590nm to 670nm. For example, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , light 11 includes a blue light wavelength 22b within a range of 420nm to 480nm, a green light wavelength 22g within a range of 490nm to 560nm, and a red light wavelength 22r within a range of 590nm to 670nm:

[0033] In some embodiments, each light emitting element in at least some of the blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r of the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r comprises a light emitting diode (LED). In some embodiments, each light emitting element in at least some of the blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r of the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r comprises an organic light emitting diode (OLED). In some embodiments, the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r are configured to emit substantially white light in a combined manner. In some examples, the blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r may be controlled in unison or individually by a control circuit (not shown). In some other examples, the blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r may include light emitting elements operating at different wavelengths to produce white light output.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r form a regular array and are disposed on a substrate 12. In some embodiments, the substrate 12 is a printed circuit board, which includes at least one printed conductive trace 13a, 13b connected to at least one of the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, substrate 12 includes two conductive traces 13a, 13b. In some embodiments, substrate 12 includes a thin film transistor (TFT) glass layer.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the display 300 also includes a display panel 40 disposed on the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r. The display panel 40 is configured to receive the light 11 emitted by the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r and form an image 41. In addition, the display panel 40 is configured to display a virtual image 42 of the formed image 41 to an observer 50. The virtual image 42 may be interchangeably referred to as an enlarged virtual image 42. Therefore, the display 300 displays the enlarged virtual image 42 of the image 41 formed by the display panel 40 to the observer 50.

[0036] The display panel 40 may include an electronic display device for displaying content, such as still images, moving images, text, visual materials, etc. The display panel 40 may include other types of displays, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD). In some examples, the display 300 is configured to display a virtual image 42 of the generated image 41 to an eye of an observer 50 disposed within an eye box (not shown). The eye box may include a volume in which the pupil of the eye may be positioned so as to acceptably observe the virtual image 42.

[0037] In addition, the display 300 includes an optical collimating film 30 disposed between the display panel 40 and the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r, and substantially coextensive with the display panel and the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements in length and width. In some embodiments, the length and width may extend along the X direction and the Y direction, respectively.

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of an optical collimating film 30 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] refer to Figure 2, the optical collimating film 30 includes a plurality of microlayers 31, 32 having a total number of at least 10. In some embodiments, the total number of the plurality of microlayers 31, 32 is at least 20, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, or at least 500. In addition, each of the microlayers 31, 32 has an average thickness of less than about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the average thickness of the microlayers 31, 32 may be less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, or less than about 200 nm. In some embodiments, the plurality of microlayers 31, 32 of the optical collimating film 30 includes a plurality of alternating first microlayers 31 and second microlayers 32 having respective average thicknesses t1, t2. As used herein, the term "average thickness" refers to the average value of the thickness measured at a plurality of points across a plane (i.e., an xy plane) of each of the first microlayers 31, 32.

[0040] In some examples, the plurality of microlayers 31, 32 may be arranged in a stacked configuration. In some embodiments, the plurality of microlayers 31, 32 of the optical collimating film 30 include a plurality of alternating first microlayers 31 and second microlayers 32 having respective refractive indices nx1, nx2 along a first direction in the same plane. In some embodiments, the first direction may extend along the X direction. In some embodiments, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index nx1 is at least 0.1 greater than the refractive index nx2. In some embodiments, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index nx1 is at least 0.15, at least 0.2, or at least 0.25 greater than the refractive index nx2. In an example, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index nx1 may be approximately 1.846. In an example, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index nx2 may be approximately 1.570. Therefore, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490 nm to 560 nm, the refractive index nx1 is 0.276 greater than the refractive index nx2.

[0041] In addition, in some embodiments, the alternating first microlayers 31 and second microlayers 32 have respective refractive indices ny1, ny2 along the same in-plane second direction orthogonal to the first in-plane direction. In some embodiments, the second direction may extend along the Y direction. In some embodiments, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index ny1 and the refractive index ny2 differ from each other by 0.1. In some embodiments, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index ny1 and the refractive index ny2 differ from each other by 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.02, or 0.01. In an example, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index ny1 may be about 1.564. In an example, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index ny2 may be about 1.570. Therefore, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index ny1 and the refractive index ny2 differ from each other by 0.006.

[0042] In addition, in some embodiments, the alternating first microlayers 31 and second microlayers 32 have respective refractive indices nz1, nz2 along the same third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions. In some embodiments, the third direction may extend along the Z direction. In some embodiments, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index nz1 and the refractive index nz2 differ from each other by 0.1. In some embodiments, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index nz1 and the refractive index nz2 differ from each other by 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.02, or 0.01. In an example, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index nz1 may be about 1.559. In an example, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index nz2 may be about 1.570. Therefore, for at least one wavelength within the range of 490nm to 560nm, the refractive index nz1 and the refractive index nz2 differ from each other by 0.011.

[0043] In some implementations, the refractive index nx1 is at least 0.1 greater than each of the refractive indices ny1, nz1. In some implementations, the refractive index nx1 is at least 0.15, at least 0.2, or at least 0.25 greater than each of the refractive indices ny1, nz1.

[0044] In some embodiments, the refractive indices nx2, ny2, and nz2 differ from each other by 0.1. In some embodiments, the refractive indices nx2, ny2, and nz2 differ from each other by 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.02, or 0.01.

[0045] In one embodiment, the refractive index nx1 is about 1.846 and the refractive index nx2 is about 1.570. In one embodiment, the refractive index ny1 is about 1.564 and the refractive index ny2 is about 1.570. In one embodiment, the refractive index nz1 is about 1.559 and the refractive index nz2 is about 1.570.

[0046] Therefore, the refractive index nx1 is 0.282 greater than the refractive index ny1, and the refractive index nx1 is 0.287 greater than the refractive index nz1. In other words, each of the first microlayers 31 includes a birefringent material. In addition, the refractive indices nx2, ny2, and nz2 are substantially equal to each other. In other words, each of the second microlayers 32 includes an isotropic material.

[0047] In some embodiments, the optical collimating film 30 further comprises at least one surface layer 35 having an average thickness t3 greater than about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the average thickness t3 of at least one surface layer 35 is greater than about 750 nm, greater than about 1000 nm, greater than about 1500 nm, or greater than about 2000 nm. Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment of , the optical collimating film 30 includes two skin layers 35. At least one skin layer 35 can protect the plurality of microlayers 31, 32 and can also provide mechanical stability to the optical collimating film 30. In some cases, at least one skin layer 35 can act as a protective boundary layer (PBL).

[0048] Figure 2 Also shown are substantially collimated incident light 33 incident on the optical collimating film 30 at a first incident angle θ and substantially collimated incident light 34 incident on the optical collimating film 30 at a second incident angle θ′.

[0049] The first angle of incidence θ is less than about 10 degrees. In some embodiments, the first angle of incidence θ is less than about 8 degrees, less than about 6 degrees, less than about 4 degrees, less than about 3 degrees, less than about 2 degrees, or less than about 1 degree. In one embodiment, the first angle of incidence θ is about 0 degrees.

[0050] The second angle of incidence θ' is greater than about 30 degrees. In some embodiments, the second angle of incidence θ' is greater than about 35 degrees, greater than about 40 degrees, greater than about 45 degrees, greater than about 50 degrees, greater than about 55 degrees, or greater than about 60 degrees. In some embodiments, the second angle of incidence θ' is less than about 60 degrees and greater than about 30 degrees. In some embodiments, the second angle of incidence θ' is less than about 55 degrees or less than about 50 degrees, and greater than about 30 degrees. In one embodiment, the second angle of incidence θ' is about 45 degrees.

[0051] Figure 3 An optical collimating film 30 ( Figure 2Graph 80 of optical transmittance versus wavelength for the optical collimating film 30 is shown. Specifically, graph 80 depicts the optical collimating film 30 for substantially collimated and at respective first and second incident angles θ′ ( Figure 2 Graph 80 also depicts the optical transmittance and wavelength of incident light 33, 34 incident on the optical collimating film 30. Figure 1 10b, 10g, 10r). The wavelength is expressed in nanometers (nm) in the horizontal axis. The optical transmittance is expressed as a transmittance percentage in the left vertical axis, and the emission intensity is expressed in arbitrary units (au) in the right vertical axis. The emission intensity in arbitrary units corresponds to the blue light emission spectrum 20b, the green light emission spectrum 20g, and the red light emission spectrum 20r of the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r, respectively.

[0052] refer to Figures 1 to 3 , a plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r have corresponding blue light emission spectra 20b, green light emission spectra 20g and red light emission spectra 20r. The blue light emission spectra 20b, green light emission spectra 20g and red light emission spectra 20r include corresponding blue light emission peaks 21b, green light emission peaks 21g and red light emission peaks 21r with corresponding blue light FWHM 23b, green light FWHM 23g and red light FWHM 23r at corresponding blue, green and red light peak wavelengths.

[0053] exist Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the blue light wavelength 22b may be interchangeably referred to as the blue light peak wavelength 22b, the green light wavelength 22g may be interchangeably referred to as the green light peak wavelength 22g, and the red light wavelength 22r may be interchangeably referred to as the red light peak wavelength 22r.

[0054] For substantially collimated incident light 33, 34 and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance 60, 60' of the optical collimating film 30 includes substantially distinct blue light transmission bands 61b, 61b', green light transmission bands 61g, 61g', and red light transmission bands 61r, 61r' having respective blue light FWHMs 62b, 62b', green light FWHMs 62g, 62g', and red light FWHMs 62r, 62r'.

[0055] Specifically, for substantially collimated incident light 33 incident on the optical collimating film 30 at a first incident angle θ and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance 60 of the optical collimating film 30 includes a blue light transmission band 61b, a green light transmission band 61g, and a red light transmission band 61r with corresponding blue light FWHM 62b, green light FWHM 62g, and red light FWHM 62r. ​​In addition, for substantially collimated incident light 34 incident on the optical collimating film 30 at a second incident angle θ' and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance 60' of the optical collimating film 30 includes a blue light transmission band 61b', a green light transmission band 61g', and a red light transmission band 61r' with corresponding blue light FWHM 62b', green light FWHM 62g', and red light FWHM 62r'.

[0056] For substantially collimated incident light 33 and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance 60 of the optical collimating film 30 includes a blue light transmission band 61b, a green light transmission band 61g, and a red light transmission band 61r having a corresponding blue light FWHM 62b, a green light FWHM 62g, and a red light FWHM 62r that overlap at least 30% of the corresponding blue light FWHM 23b, green light FWHM 23g, and red light FWHM 23r of the emission spectra 20b, 20g, 20r at a first incident angle θ. In some embodiments, for substantially collimated incident light 33 and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance 60 of the optical collimating film 30 includes a blue light transmission band 61b, a green light transmission band 61g, and a red light transmission band 61r having a corresponding blue light FWHM 62b, a green light FWHM 62g, and a red light FWHM 62r that overlap with the corresponding blue light FWHM 23b, green light FWHM 23g, and red light FWHM 23r of the emission spectra 20b, 20g, and 20r at a first incident angle θ by at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 100%.

[0057] In addition, for substantially collimated incident light 34 and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance 60' of the optical collimating film 30 includes a blue light transmission band 61b', a green light transmission band 61g', and a red light transmission band 61r' having a corresponding blue light FWHM 62b', a green light FWHM 62g', and a red light FWHM 62r' that overlap less than 15% of the corresponding blue light FWHM 23b, green light FWHM 23g, and red light FWHM 23r of the emission spectra 20b, 20g, 20r at the second incident angle θ'. In some embodiments, for substantially collimated incident light 34 and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance 60' of the optical collimating film 30 includes substantially different blue light transmission bands 61b', green light transmission bands 61g', and red light transmission bands 61r' having corresponding blue light FWHM 62b', green light FWHM 62g', and red light FWHM 62r' that overlap less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1% with the corresponding blue light FWHM 23b, green light FWHM 23g, and red light FWHM 23r of the emission spectra 20b, 20g, 20r at a second incident angle θ'.

[0058] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , for each of the blue light wavelength 22b, the green light wavelength 22g, and the red light wavelength 22r and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the optical collimating film 30 transmits at least 50% of the incident light for a first incident angle θ and transmits less than about 10% of the incident light for a second incident angle θ'. In some embodiments, for each of the blue light wavelength 22b, the green light wavelength 22g, and the red light wavelength 22r and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the optical collimating film 30 transmits at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90% of the incident light for a first incident angle θ and transmits less than about 8%, less than about 6%, less than about 4%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.25%, or less than about 0.1% of the incident light for a second incident angle θ'.

[0059] Therefore, for substantially collimated incident light 33 and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical collimating film 30 can substantially transmit the substantially collimated incident light 33 (e.g., substantially axial incident light) emitted by the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r and incident on the optical collimating film 30 at a first incident angle θ to form an image 41.

[0060] Furthermore, for substantially collimated incident light 34 and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical collimating film 30 can substantially block substantially collimated incident light 34 (eg, oblique or off-axis incident light) incident on the optical collimating film 30 at a second incident angle θ′.

[0061] Thus, the optical collimating film 30 can provide the collimating function needed to reduce or prevent optical artifacts (such as ghost images) and can further enhance the optical performance (eg, brightness and / or contrast) of the display 300 .

[0062] In some embodiments, the optical collimating film 30 has an optical transmittance of less than about 10% for each of at least one blue-green wavelength 24bg disposed between the blue FWHM 23b and the green FWHM 23g of the emission spectra 20b, 20g and at least one green-red wavelength 24gr disposed between the green FWHM 23g and the red FWHM 23r of the emission spectra 20g, 20r, and for the first angle of incidence θ. In some embodiments, for each of at least one blue-green wavelength 24bg disposed between the blue light FWHM 23b and the green light FWHM 23g of the emission spectrum 20b, 20g and at least one green-red wavelength 24gr disposed between the green light FWHM 23g and the red light FWHM 23r of the emission spectrum 20g, 20r, and for a first angle of incidence θ, the optical collimating film 30 has an optical transmittance of less than about 8%, less than about 6%, less than about 4%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.25%, or less than about 0.1%.

[0063] In some embodiments, the optical collimating film 30 has an optical absorptivity greater than about 1% at at least one of the blue peak wavelength 22b, the green peak wavelength 22g, and the red peak wavelength 22r. In some embodiments, the optical collimating film 30 has an optical absorptivity greater than about 2%, greater than about 5%, or greater than about 10% at at least one of the blue peak wavelength 22b, the green peak wavelength 22g, and the red peak wavelength 22r. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the optical absorptivity greater than about 1% is achieved by means of an optical collimating film 30 comprising an optically absorbing material. In some embodiments, the optically absorbing material comprises carbon black.

[0064] Reference again Figure 1, the display 300 also includes a lens assembly 70 disposed on the display panel 40 opposite to the optical collimating film 30. In some embodiments, the lens assembly 70 includes at least one of lenses 71, 72, a partial reflector 73, and a reflective polarizer 74. In some embodiments, the lens assembly 70 is configured to form a magnified virtual image 42 of the image 41 formed by the display panel 40.

[0065] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the lens assembly 70 includes at least one lens 71, 72, a partial reflector 73 and a reflective polarizer 74, wherein the at least one lens has at least one curved main surface 71a, 72a. The lens assembly 70 is disposed between the display panel 40 and the observer 50. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the lens assembly 70 includes two lenses 71, 72 having curved main surfaces 71a, 72a, respectively. In some examples, the lens 71 and the lens 72 may be substantially similar. In some examples, the lens 71 and the lens 72 may be different. In some examples, the lenses 71, 72 may include Fresnel lenses. In some examples, the lenses 71, 72 may include a plane lens, a concave lens, or a convex lens. In some examples, the lenses 71, 72 may include a biconvex lens. In some examples, the lenses 71, 72 may include a suitable material, such as glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, etc.

[0066] In some embodiments, the lens assembly 70 includes a partial reflector 73 such that for substantially vertical incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, the partial reflector 73 reflects at least 30% of the incident light and transmits at least 30% of the incident light. In some embodiments, for substantially vertical incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, the partial reflector 73 reflects at least 35%, at least 40%, or at least 45% of the incident light and transmits at least 35%, at least 40%, or at least 45% of the incident light.

[0067] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3, for each of the first incident angle θ and the second incident angle θ', for each of the blue wavelength 22b, the green wavelength 22g, and the red wavelength 22r, and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the partial reflector 73 reflects at least 30% of the incident light and transmits at least 30% of the incident light. In some embodiments, for each of the first incident angle θ and the second incident angle θ', for each of the blue wavelength 22b, the green wavelength 22g, and the red wavelength 22r, and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the partial reflector 73 reflects at least 35%, at least 40%, or at least 45% of the incident light and transmits at least 35%, at least 40%, or at least 45% of the incident light.

[0068] In some embodiments, the partial reflector 73 comprises a metal. In some examples, the partial reflector 73 can comprise one or more elements such as silver, aluminum, a non-conductive coating, and the like.

[0069] In some embodiments, the lens assembly 70 further includes a reflective polarizer 74 such that for substantially perpendicular incident light, the reflective polarizer 74 reflects at least 60% of the incident light polarized along a first in-plane direction and transmits at least 60% of the incident light polarized along an orthogonal second in-plane direction. In some embodiments, the reflective polarizer 74 reflects at least 55%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90% of the incident light polarized along the first in-plane direction and transmits at least 55%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90% of the incident light polarized along the orthogonal second in-plane direction.

[0070] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , for each of the first angle of incidence θ and the second angle of incidence θ' and for each of the blue light wavelength 22b, the green light wavelength 22g, and the red light wavelength 22r, the reflective polarizer 74 reflects at least 60% of the incident light polarized along the first in-plane direction and transmits at least 60% of the incident light polarized along the orthogonal second in-plane direction. In some embodiments, the reflective polarizer 74 reflects at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90% of the incident light polarized along the first in-plane direction and transmits at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90% of the incident light polarized along the orthogonal second in-plane direction.

[0071] In some examples, reflective polarizer 74 may include an advanced polarizing film (APF) available from 3M Company (St. Paul, MN). However, reflective polarizer 74 may be any suitable reflective polarizer. In some examples, reflective polarizer 74 may include one or more of a multilayer polymer reflective polarizer, a wire grid reflective polarizer, and a diffuse reflective polarizer. In some examples, light passing through lens assembly 70 is reflected at least once by each of partial reflector 73 and reflective polarizer 74.

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the lens assembly 70 further includes a delay layer 75, which is configured to change the phase of the incident polarized light by at least 20 degrees during transmission. In some embodiments, the delay layer 75 is configured to change the phase of the incident polarized light by at least 25 degrees, at least 30 degrees, at least 35 degrees, at least 40 degrees, or at least 45 degrees during transmission. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the retardation layer 75 is disposed between the lens 72 and the reflective polarizer 74. In an example, the retardation layer 75 may include a birefringent material. The birefringent material may include quartz, mica, plastic, etc.

[0073] In some embodiments, adjacent components of lens assembly 70 are laminated to each other. In some embodiments, adjacent components of lens assembly 70 are bonded to each other via an optically clear adhesive layer or epoxy layer. In some embodiments, air gaps may be included between adjacent components of lens assembly 70. For example, reflective polarizer 74 and lens 71 may be laminated to each other, reflective polarizer 74 and retardation layer 75 may include an air gap between them, retardation layer 75 and lens 72 may be bonded to each other, and partial reflector 73 may be coated on lens 72.

[0074] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r configured to emit light and an optical collimating film 30 disposed on the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r is shown. Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, emitted light is recorded as incident light 11a, 11'a, reflected light is recorded as reflected light 11c, 11'c, and transmitted light is recorded as transmitted light 11b, 11'b.

[0075] refer to Figures 1 to 4In some embodiments, for each of the blue light wavelength 22b, the green light wavelength 22g, and the red light wavelength 22r and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the optical collimating film 30 reflects more than about 60% of the incident light 11a that is not transmitted at the second incident angle θ'. In some embodiments, for each of the blue light wavelength 22b, the green light wavelength 22g, and the red light wavelength 22r and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the optical collimating film 30 reflects more than about 70%, more than about 80%, more than about 90%, more than about 95%, more than about 98%, or more than about 99% of the incident light 11a that is not transmitted at the second incident angle θ'.

[0076] In some embodiments, the display 300 is configured to prevent at least 60% of the reflected light 11c from leaving the display 300 toward the observer 50. In some embodiments, the display 300 is configured to prevent at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the reflected light 11c from leaving the display 300 toward the observer 50. In some embodiments, at least 60% of the reflected light 11c that is prevented from leaving the display 300 toward the observer 50 is absorbed. In some embodiments, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95% of the reflected light 11c that is prevented from leaving the display 300 toward the observer 50 is absorbed.

[0077] Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of a reflective polarizer 74 is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0078] like Figure 5As shown, the reflective polarizer 74 includes a plurality of microlayers 31', 32' with a total number of at least 10. In some embodiments, the total number of the plurality of microlayers 31', 32' is at least 20, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, or at least 500. In addition, each of the microlayers 31', 32' has an average thickness t4, t5 of less than about 500 nm. In addition, in some embodiments, the average thickness t4, t5 of the microlayers 31', 32' may be less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, or less than about 200 nm. In some examples, the plurality of microlayers 31', 32' may be arranged in a stacked configuration. In some embodiments, the plurality of microlayers 31', 32' of the reflective polarizer 74 include a plurality of alternating first microlayers 31' and second microlayers 32' having respective average thicknesses t4, t5. In some embodiments, one of the microlayers 31', 32' comprises a material having a high refractive index relative to the other. In some embodiments, at least one of the microlayers 31', 32' comprises a birefringent material. In some embodiments, reflective polarizer 74 may also include at least one intermediate layer (not shown). In some embodiments, the intermediate layer may comprise a material having a low refractive index.

[0079] In some embodiments, the reflective polarizer 74 further comprises at least one surface layer 35' disposed on the plurality of microlayers 31', 32' thereof. The at least one surface layer 35' can protect the plurality of microlayers 31', 32' and can also provide mechanical stability to the reflective polarizer 74. In some cases, the at least one surface layer 35' can act as a protective boundary layer (PBL). In some embodiments, the at least one surface layer 35' has an average thickness t6 greater than about 500 nm. Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the reflective polarizer 74 includes two surface layers 35'.

[0080] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a display system 310 for displaying a magnified virtual image 42 ′ of an image 41 ′ formed by a pixelated display 40 ′ to an observer 50 is shown in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0081] The display system 310 includes a pixelated display 40' configured to form an image 41'. The pixelated display 40' includes a plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting pixels 10'b, 10'g, 10'r configured to emit at least a majority of light 11' within the respective wavelength ranges of 420nm to 480nm, 490nm to 560nm, and 590nm to 670nm. In some embodiments, the term "at least a majority" includes at least 60%. In some embodiments, at least a majority includes at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90%.

[0082] The pixelated display 40' and the plurality of blue, green and red emitting pixels 10'b, 10'g, 10'r may be substantially similar to those of reference Figure 1 The display 300 and the plurality of blue, green and red light emitting elements 10b, 10g, 10r are shown and described. In some embodiments, each of the blue light emitting pixel 10'b, the green light emitting pixel 10'g and the red light emitting pixel 10'r comprises a micro light emitting diode (micro-LED). In some embodiments, at least some of the micro-LEDs are organic micro-LEDs.

[0083] The display system 310 also includes a lens assembly 70. The lens assembly 70 is configured to form a magnified virtual image 42' of the image 41' formed by the pixelated display 40'. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The details associated with the lens assembly 70 explained above also apply to Figure 6 The display system 310 further includes an optical collimating film 30 disposed between the lens assembly 70 and the pixelated display 40'.

[0084] refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, for each of the blue wavelength 22b, the green wavelength 22g, and the red wavelength 22r and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the optical collimating film 30 transmits at least 50% of the incident light 11'a for the first angle of incidence θ and transmits less than about 10% of the incident light 11'a for the second angle of incidence θ'. In some embodiments, the display system 310 is configured to block at least 60% of the reflected light 11'c from leaving the display system 310 toward the observer 50.

[0085] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing feature sizes, amounts, and physical properties used in the specification and claims are to be understood as modified by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the foregoing specification and the appended claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by one skilled in the art utilizing the teachings disclosed herein.

[0086] Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments shown and described may be replaced with a variety of alternative and / or equivalent implementations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The present application is intended to cover any modifications or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, the present disclosure is intended to be limited only by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display, comprising: a plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements having respective blue, green, and red emission spectra including respective blue, green, and red emission peaks with respective blue, green, and red full widths at half maximum (FWHM) at respective blue, green, and red peak wavelengths; a display panel disposed on the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements and configured to receive light emitted by the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements and form an image, the display panel being configured to display a virtual image of the formed image to an observer; and an optical collimating film disposed between and substantially coextensive in length and width with the display panel and the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements, the optical collimating film comprising a plurality of microlayers numbering at least 10 in total, each of the microlayers having an average thickness of less than about 500 nm, such that for substantially collimated incident light and for each of mutually orthogonal polarization states, the optical transmittance of the optical collimating film comprises substantially distinct blue, green, and red transmission bands having respective blue, green, and red FWHMs, the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs being: overlap with at least 30% of said respective blue, green, and red FWHMs of said emission spectrum at a first angle of incidence of less than about 10 degrees; and At a second angle of incidence greater than about 30 degrees, there is less than 15% overlap with the respective blue, green, and red FWHMs of the emission spectrum.

2. The display of claim 1, wherein the second angle of incidence is less than about 60 degrees.

3. The display of claim 1 , wherein the optical collimating film has an optical transmittance of less than about 10% for each of at least one blue-green wavelength disposed between the blue FWHM and the green FWHM of the emission spectrum and at least one green-red wavelength disposed between the green FWHM and the red FWHM of the emission spectrum, and for the first angle of incidence.

4. The display of claim 1, further comprising a lens assembly disposed on the display panel opposite the optical collimating film and comprising at least one of a lens, a partial reflector, and a reflective polarizer. The display of claim 4 , wherein the lens assembly comprises at least one lens.

6. A display according to claim 4, wherein the lens assembly includes a partial reflector so that for substantially vertical incident light and for each of the mutually orthogonal polarization states, the partial reflector reflects at least 30% of the incident light and transmits at least 30% of the incident light.

7. A display according to claim 4, wherein the lens assembly includes a reflective polarizer such that, for substantially perpendicular incident light, the reflective polarizer reflects at least 60% of the incident light polarized along a first in-plane direction and transmits at least 60% of the incident light polarized along an orthogonal second in-plane direction.

8. The display of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of microlayers of the optical collimating film comprises a plurality of alternating first and second microlayers, the first and second microlayers having respective refractive indices nx1 and nx2 along a same in-plane first direction, and for at least one wavelength within a range of 490 nm to 560 nm, nx1 is at least 0.1 greater than nx2.

9. The display of claim 1, wherein each of at least some of the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements comprises an organic light emitting diode (OLED).

10. A display for displaying to an observer a magnified virtual image of an image formed by a display panel, the display comprising: a plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements configured to emit light at least mostly within respective wavelength ranges of 420 nm to 480 nm, 490 nm to 560 nm, and 590 nm to 670 nm; a display panel configured to receive light emitted by the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements and form the image; a lens assembly configured to form the magnified virtual image of the image formed by the display panel and comprising at least one lens, a partial reflector, and a reflective polarizer, the at least one lens comprising at least one curved major surface; and An optical collimating film such that for substantially collimated incident light, a first angle of incidence less than about 10 degrees, a second angle of incidence greater than about 30 degrees, a wavelength of blue light within a range of 420 nm to 480 nm, a wavelength of green light within a range of 490 nm to 560 nm, and a wavelength of red light within a range of 590 nm to 670 nm: for each of the first angle of incidence and the second angle of incidence and for each of the blue, green, and red wavelengths, the reflective polarizer reflects at least 60% of the incident light polarized along a first in-plane direction and transmits at least 60% of the incident light polarized along an orthogonal second in-plane direction; for each of the first and second angles of incidence, for each of the blue, green, and red wavelengths, and for each of the first and second in-plane directions, the partial reflector reflects at least 30% of the incident light and transmits at least 30% of the incident light; and For each of the blue, green, and red wavelengths, and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the optical collimating film transmits at least 50% of the incident light for the first incident angle and transmits less than about 10% of the incident light for the second incident angle.

11. The display of claim 10 wherein the optical collimating film comprises a plurality of microlayers totaling at least 10, each of the microlayers having an average thickness of less than about 500 nm.

12. The display of claim 10, wherein the plurality of blue, green, and red light emitting elements are configured in combination to emit substantially white light.

13. The display of claim 10 wherein for each of the blue, green, and red wavelengths and for each of the first and second in-plane directions, the optical collimating film reflects more than about 60% of the incident light that is not transmitted at the second angle of incidence.

14. A display system for displaying to an observer a magnified virtual image of an image formed by a pixelated display, the display system comprising: a pixelated display configured to form the image and comprising a plurality of blue, green, and red emitting pixels configured to emit light at least mostly within respective wavelength ranges of 420 nm to 480 nm, 490 nm to 560 nm, and 590 nm to 670 nm; a lens assembly configured to form the magnified virtual image of the image formed by the pixelated display and comprising at least one lens, a partial reflector, and a reflective polarizer, the at least one lens comprising at least one curved major surface; and an optical collimating film disposed between the lens assembly and the pixelated display such that for substantially collimated incident light, a first angle of incidence less than about 10 degrees, a second angle of incidence greater than about 30 degrees, a wavelength of blue light within a range of 420 nm to 480 nm, a wavelength of green light within a range of 490 nm to 560 nm, and a wavelength of red light within a range of 590 nm to 670 nm: for each of the first angle of incidence and the second angle of incidence and for each of the blue, green, and red wavelengths, the reflective polarizer reflects at least 60% of the incident light polarized along a first in-plane direction and transmits at least 60% of the incident light polarized along an orthogonal second in-plane direction; for each of the first and second angles of incidence, for each of the blue, green, and red wavelengths, and for each of the first and second in-plane directions, the partial reflector reflects at least 30% of the incident light and transmits at least 30% of the incident light; and For each of the blue, green, and red wavelengths, and for each of the first in-plane direction and the second in-plane direction, the optical collimating film transmits at least 50% of the incident light for the first incident angle and transmits less than about 10% of the incident light for the second incident angle.

15. The display system of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of blue, green, and red emitting pixels comprises a micro light emitting diode (micro-LED).

Images