Feed for improving daily gain of 15-18-month-old buffalo and application of feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for improving daily gain of buffalo growing 15-18 months old and application. The feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12.46%-24.91% of silage corn, 37%-40% of peanut vines, 6%-7% of distiller's grains, 6.23%-18.69% of wrapped cassava starch residues, 13%-15% of corn, 2%-3% of wheat bran, 5.5%-6.5% of 43% soybean meal, 0.3%-0.4% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2%-0.3% of table salt, 0.1%-0.15% of stone powder, 0.01%-0.02% of vitamin E, 0.08%-0.1% of a mold removal agent, 0.01%-0.02% of an antioxidant and 0.2%-0.25% of a premix. The in-vitro gas production method is used for evaluating that when 12.5% corn silage is replaced with the wrapped cassava starch residues, the gas production rate and VFA of the total mixed ration are the highest. Therefore, when 12.5% replacement amount is used for feeding growing buffalo, crude polysaccharide of small molecule compounds in feed reaches 1.55% or above, relative abundance of bacillus reaches 17.11% or above, relative abundance of bacteroides in excrement reaches 6.45% or above, then average daily gain is increased to 0.75 kg / d or above, slaughtering time is shortened, cost is reduced, and efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of animal nutrition, in particular to a feed for improving the daily weight gain of growing buffaloes aged 15 to 18 months and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cassava residue is produced during the starch and alcohol processing process. Every ton of cassava produced will produce 1.5 tons of cassava starch residue. Cassava starch residue is rich in nutritional value, has the advantages of rich trace elements, high yield, and easy access. It has a certain prospect for feed, but it has the characteristics of high fiber and low protein, high water content and anti-nutritional factors and has not been widely used. Rice straw is a by-product of rice and is often used as roughage to feed ruminants such as cattle and sheep. However, rice straw has nutritional characteristics such as high fiber and silica, but its nutritional value cannot be effectively utilized. Most of the rice straw is burned or directly piled up, resulting in waste of feed resources and environmental pollution. Based on the characteristics of high water content of cassava starch residue and low nutritional value of rice straw, mixed storage is carried out to complement each other's advantages and play a role in reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0003] However, due to the high fiber content of cassava starch residue and straw and the presence of certain anti-nutritional factors, overfeeding can easily reduce animal feed intake and digestibility, which is counterproductive. Underfeeding cannot maximize the utilization of local feed and reduce costs. Therefore, the in vitro gas production method is used to simulate the digestion and degradation of feed by in vitro rumen fermentation. The optimal ratio of wrapped cassava starch residue to replace whole plant silage corn is evaluated mainly through indicators such as gas production and short-chain fatty acid content. Feeding growing buffaloes based on the optimal ratio will help improve their digestibility.

[0004] In addition, microorganisms in feed and intestinal tract are important factors affecting growth performance. The increase of probiotics such as Bacteroidetes in the intestine helps to increase body fat deposition and promote the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, thereby increasing daily weight gain and improving economic benefits.

[0005] According to the existing data, the daily weight gain of growing buffalo is generally 0.5kg / d to 0.65kg / d, and most buffalo diets only add roughage such as silage corn and distiller's grains feed. There are few reports on adding unconventional feeds such as cassava starch residue, and there are even fewer reports on mixed storage and feeding of cassava starch residue and straw. If cassava starch residue is used in the process of buffalo breeding, from an economic perspective, the purpose of reducing costs can be achieved by using unconventional feeds such as cassava starch residue. In addition, the starch rich in cassava starch residue can also provide sufficient carbon source for buffalo. Therefore, if it is possible to scientifically and reasonably adjust the feed formula without adding any growth-promoting additives and replace some expensive feeds with local feeds such as cassava starch residue, thereby promoting the enrichment of intestinal probiotics, and then achieving the effect of increasing the daily weight gain of growing buffaloes, it will prompt the growing buffaloes to enter the breeding stage earlier, shorten the time to market, and achieve the effect of reducing costs and increasing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed and application for improving the daily weight gain of 15-18 month old growing buffaloes. On the basis of scientifically and rationally adjusting the feed formula, the optimal ratio of replacing silage corn with wrapped cassava starch residue is excavated based on the in vitro gas production method, and a complete mixed diet is prepared for feeding buffaloes, which can improve the daily weight gain of growing buffaloes, shorten the time to market, and reduce feed costs.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a feed for improving the daily weight gain of 15-18 month old growing buffaloes, the feed comprising the following components by weight percentage: 12.46%-24.91% of silage corn, 37%-40% of peanut vines, 6%-7% of white wine lees, 6.23%-18.69% of wrapped cassava starch residue, 13%-15% of corn, 2%-3% of wheat bran, 5.5%-6.5% of 43% soybean meal, and 0.3% of calcium hydrogen phosphate ~0.4%, salt 0.2%~0.3%, stone powder 0.1%~0.15%, vitamin E 0.01%~0.02%, mildew remover 0.08%~0.1%, antioxidant 0.01%~0.02%, premix 0.2%~0.25%, wherein the wrapped cassava starch residue consists of rice straw and cassava starch residue, wherein the weight ratio of rice straw: cassava starch residue is 45:55, and the wrapped fermentation is used for storage for 10 to 20 days.

[0008] The feed formula is used for preparing a total mixed ration.

[0009] The premix is ​​composed of the following ingredients: 0.036g of vitamin A acetate, 30.07g of vitamin D, 0.08g of vitamin B1, 0.05g of vitamin B2, 0.0008g of vitamin B12, 0.004g of vitamin C sodium salt, 0.15g of vitamin E, 0.33g of ferrous sulfate, 0.18g of zinc sulfate, 0.035g of copper sulfate, 0.12g of manganese sulfate, 0.18g of magnesium sulfate, 0.00067g of sodium selenite, 0.0002g of cobalt carbonate, 0.0007g of potassium iodide, 0.2g of antioxidant, 0.2g of antibacterial peptide and 8.54263g of medical stone.

[0010] The complete mixed diet is calculated according to the following components and weight percentages: protein content 10.30% to 12.39%, net milk energy 5.92 to 5.23 MJ / Kg, neutral detergent fiber 37.21% to 42.41%, acid detergent fiber 24.21% to 25.78%, calcium 0.98% to 1.03%, and phosphorus 0.26% to 0.31%.

[0011] The application of the feed is to use the feed formula as raw material, mix rumen fluid provided by adult buffalo and artificial saliva in a ratio of 1:2 to form an in vitro culture medium, and use an in vitro gas production method to evaluate the optimal ratio of the replacement amount of the wrapped cassava starch residue.

[0012] The in vitro gas production is that when the silage corn is replaced by wrapped cassava starch residue at a ratio of 12.5%, the gas production and short-chain fatty acids are at peak values ​​at 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h.

[0013] The in vitro gas production is a total mixed diet when 12.5% ​​of silage corn is replaced by wrapped cassava starch residue, and is applied to animal experiments to feed growing buffaloes aged 15 to 18 months.

[0014] The animal experiment was conducted by mining the 16S microbial diversity sequencing to find that Bacillus was the dominant bacterial group in the total mixed diet containing fermented wrapped cassava starch residue, and Bacteroides was the dominant bacterial group in the feces.

[0015] The total mixed diets in the animal studies also contained small molecule compounds.

[0016] The content of small molecule compounds in the complete mixed diet is: total amino acid 10-12.34g / 100g, free amino acid 0.63-0.78g / 100g, free amino acid / total amino acid 5.01%-7.71%, polypeptide 9.22-11.71g / 100g, crude polysaccharide 1.27-1.55g / 100g, total polyphenol 0.26-0.65g / 100g. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is the composition of the top 10 bacterial genera level of each group of complete mixed diets in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a box plot of the Simpson index and the Shannon index of each group of total mixed rations in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is the composition of the top 10 bacterial genera level in each group of feces in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a box plot of the Chao1 index of feces of each group and the species that can be seen in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] This embodiment is an example of the feed formula for improving the daily weight gain of 15-18 month old growing buffaloes according to the present invention. The method for replacing the appropriate proportion of silage corn with wrapped cassava starch residue is explored from the perspective of gas production and short-chain fatty acids through in vitro gas production method. The specific steps are as follows:

[0024] 1. Sample weighing: Six gradient energy protein diet formulas were set, namely 0% wrapped cassava starch residue, 6.25% wrapped cassava starch residue, 12.5% ​​wrapped cassava starch residue, 18.75% wrapped cassava starch residue, 25% wrapped cassava starch residue and 31.25% wrapped cassava starch residue, see Table 1. After each raw material was made into an air-dried sample, different proportions of total mixed diets were prepared according to the diet formula, and then the absolute dry matter content was determined. The absolute dry matter content of 200 mg was weighed and converted into the air-dried matter content, and the weight was put into a 50 ml glass syringe, and medical vaseline was evenly applied at 2 / 3 of the glass column. Five replicates were made for each total mixed diet.

[0025] 2. Preparation of artificial saliva: ① Turn on the constant temperature water bath shaker and the multi-connected water bath; ② Calculate the required amount of artificial saliva: the volume of the microbial culture solution in each gas-producing tube during in vitro culture is 30 ml, and the volume of the microbial culture solution is composed of 10 ml rumen fluid and 20 ml artificial saliva. The required amount of artificial saliva and rumen fluid is calculated according to the number of gas-producing tubes in the experimental design (20% is reserved to prepare for waste caused by improper operation); ③ Prepare reducing agent E solution, see Table 2; ④ Mix the prepared stock solutions in the order and proportion of Table 3, and place them in a water bath shaker or water bath. When CO2 gas is introduced, the airflow should not be too large, so that the artificial saliva changes from blue to pink, and finally to colorless.

[0026] 3. Collection and processing of rumen fluid: ① After arriving at the ranch, pour hot water into a bucket and adjust the water temperature to 39±0.5℃ for rumen fluid insulation, which is often regulated with hot water; ② Draw feed with rumen fluid from three fistula buffaloes, filter it with gauze, mix it well and pour it into the collection bottle. Pay attention to cover the bottle cap to prevent the influence of oxygen on microorganisms; ③ After returning to the laboratory, place the collection bottle in a water bath, and filter it through four layers of gauze as quickly as possible to maintain the vitality of the microorganisms. The filtrate obtained is saturated with CO2 gas; ④ Use a measuring cylinder to measure the required amount of colorless artificial saliva and rumen fluid, mix them, and continuously introduce CO2 gas.

[0027] 4. Absorb the microbial culture solution: Use an empty gas-producing tube to absorb 30 ml of microbial culture solution and push it into the gas-producing tube containing the sample through the three-way tube.

[0028] 5. Record the initial volume of microbial culture fluid: ① Exhaust process: turn the injection port upward and open the clamp while pulling down the tube plug by hand to prevent the sample from rushing into the plastic tube; shake the gas-producing tube to mix the sample with the rumen fluid, then rotate the tube plug to exhaust the air in the tube; read the scale: turn the gas-producing tube vertically, with the injection port downward. The gas-producing tube after exhaust should be randomly placed in a constant temperature water bath shaker for culture, and keep shaking during the operation to prevent the temperature from rising.

[0029] 6. Blank control and standard control: There should be at least 3 blank controls and 3 standard hay controls during the experiment. For the blank control, 30 ml of microbial culture solution is added directly without adding samples. For the standard hay control, 200 mg of high-quality hay with an 80-mesh sieve as the substrate is added with 30 ml of microbial culture solution. In order to eliminate the differences in the operation sequence and the constant temperature water bath shaker conditions, they are placed at different positions of the water bath shaker.

[0030] 7. Record gas production: Record the scale reading of the gas production tube at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours of cultivation. When reading, gently shake the gas production tube, rotate the tube plug and read the reading. When reading, the middle of the tube plug scale is the standard. If the gas production is too much, the gas production at the next time point may exceed the scale range, then it is necessary to release the gas, and the operation is the same as exhausting. The gas production results are listed in Table 4.

[0031] 8. Calculation of gas production:

[0032] In the formula, GP t is the gas production of the sample at time t (ml); V t is the scale reading of the gas-producing tube after the sample is fermented for t hours (ml); V0 is the scale reading of the gas-producing tube at the beginning of the culture (ml); W is the dry matter weight of the sample (mg); GP 空白 is the gas production of the blank control at time t, and its calculation method is the same as GP t Consistent.

[0033] Table 1 Total mixed diet formula and nutritional components of each group

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] Table 2 Preparation of artificial saliva stock solution

[0037]

[0038] Table 3 Artificial saliva preparation table (1000ml)

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] After 60 hours of in vitro culture, the gas-producing tube was immediately placed in an ice-water bath to terminate the fermentation. The rumen fluid was poured into a 50 ml centrifuge tube, and its pH value was immediately measured with a pH meter. The rumen fluid was then stored in a -20°C refrigerator for the determination of ammonia nitrogen, VFA and microbial protein.

[0042] The pH of the fermented rumen fluid was measured using a pH meter model FE28, the ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid was measured by colorimetry, the short-chain fatty acids in the rumen fluid were measured by gas chromatography, and the microbial protein in the rumen fluid was measured by the Coomassie Brilliant Blue method. The measurement results are listed in Table 5.

[0043] Table 4 Gas production at each time point of in vitro fermentation

[0044]

[0045] Table 5 Fermentation parameters with different replacement amounts of wrapped cassava residue

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] According to Table 4, at 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60h, the gas production of the 12.5% ​​group was significantly higher than that of the other treatment groups. In addition, after 12h, the gas production showed a normal distribution trend, reaching a peak in the 12.5% ​​group. The gas production rate gradually increased from 0 to 8h and from 12 to 24h, and gradually slowed down after 36h, and was at a plateau after 48h. According to Table 5, the microbial protein in the 12.5% ​​group and the 31.25% group was significantly higher than that in the other treatment groups. The ammonia nitrogen content showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of the replacement amount, and was at the lowest value in the 18.75% group. The short-chain fatty acids in the 12.5% ​​group were higher than those in the other treatment groups.

[0049] From the perspective of gas production, it can be seen from Table 4 that the gas production of the wrapped cassava starch residue replacing the whole plant silage corn at the level of 12.5% ​​in vitro fermentation after 4 hours is at the peak, indicating that the activity of rumen microorganisms is the strongest at this ratio, and can fully and effectively degrade and utilize the protein and cellulose in the feed, thereby promoting the decomposition of nutrients in the feed into CO2 and CH4. From the perspective of ammonia nitrogen content, the ammonia nitrogen content of the standard group and the replacement group of 32.5% is higher than that of the other treatment groups, which indirectly reflects the strong ability of the rumen microorganisms in these two groups to decompose crude protein. From the perspective of microbial protein, the ammonia nitrogen content of the standard group and the replacement group of 31.25% is also higher than that of the other treatment groups, which further indicates that the increase in ammonia nitrogen content provides sufficient nitrogen source for microorganisms, thereby promoting rumen microorganisms to use ammonia nitrogen to synthesize microbial protein. In addition, the microbial protein of the replacement amount of 12.5% ​​is second only to the standard group and the 32.5% group, indicating that its rumen microorganisms are also capable of using ammonia nitrogen. The synthesized microbial protein can provide the required protein for ruminants and promote their growth and development. From the perspective of short-chain fatty acids, the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the 12.5% ​​group were higher than those in the other treatment groups. Acetic acid is the upstream substance for the synthesis of milk fat in ruminants, propionic acid is the main upstream substance for gluconeogenesis, butyric acid can promote the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates by ruminants, and isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid can provide carbon sources for the synthesis of amino acids by rumen microorganisms. This indicates that this ratio can promote the better decomposition and utilization of nutrients by rumen microorganisms, provide the body with milk fat precursors and gluconeogenesis precursors, and promote the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and the synthesis of amino acids.

[0050] In summary, replacing 12.5% ​​whole-plant silage corn with wrapped cassava starch residue can increase the activity of rumen microorganisms, promote the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids and microbial proteins, and thus improve the body's digestibility.

[0051] Therefore, based on this conclusion, in Example 2, wrapped cassava starch residue was used to replace 12.5% ​​silage corn to feed 15-18 month old growing buffaloes for further verification.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] In this example, cassava starch residue wrapped in the diet was prepared based on in vitro gas production to replace 12.5% ​​of silage corn in a total mixed diet for feeding 15-18 month old growing buffaloes, and small molecule compounds and their effects on the growth performance and microbial flora of growing buffaloes were further explored.

[0054] Twenty growing female buffaloes of similar weight, healthy, dewormed, and 15-18 months old were selected. The 20 buffaloes were randomly divided into two groups, 10 in each group, with a pre-trial period of 14 days and a formal period of 60 days. Two energy and protein levels of diets were designed, with the same concentrate supplements and different sources of roughage. The conventional roughage was silage corn, peanut vines, and white wine lees. That is: on the basis of feeding conventional roughage, the total mixed diet group A replaced 25% of the silage corn in the roughage with wrapped cassava starch residue. On the basis of feeding conventional roughage, the total mixed diet group B replaced 12.5% ​​of the silage corn in the roughage with wrapped cassava starch residue. The diet composition is shown in Table 6. Each experimental cow was fed 2kg of concentrate supplement per day, and was fed ad libitum and had free access to water.

[0055] Table 6 Diet composition and nutrient level (air-dried matter basis) of total mixed diet group A and total mixed diet group B, %

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] The animals were weighed on an empty stomach for two consecutive days before the pre-test period, at the end of the pre-test period, and at the end of the full test period to reduce the large error caused by buffalo defecation. The buffaloes were driven onto the scales and their weights were recorded after the readings stabilized for the calculation of average daily gain (ADG). During the test period, the feeding amount and residual feed amount of the test animals were recorded weekly for the calculation of dry matter intake (DMI) and feed-to-weight ratio (F / G), as shown in Table 7. In addition, each feed ingredient and total mixed ration were collected two days before the end of the full test period.

[0059] The collected feed raw materials were tested in the laboratory according to the method of chemical composition of GB / T 6435-2014 for determination of dry matter DM in feed, automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer for determination of crude protein CP in feed, GB / T 6433-2006 for determination of crude fat EE in feed, GB / T 20806-2006 for determination of neutral detergent fiber NDF in feed, NY / T1459-2007 for determination of acid detergent fiber ADF in feed, and GB / T6438-2007 for determination of crude ash in feed, see Table 8. In addition, the collected feed raw materials, see Table 9, and the total mixed diet were tested for small molecule compounds, see Table 10, and 16s microbial diversity sequencing.

[0060] Table 7 Effects of total mixed diet group A and total mixed diet group B on average daily weight gain of growing buffaloes aged 15-18 months

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Table 8 Chemical composition of feed raw materials

[0064]

[0065] Table 9 Difference analysis of small molecules in feed raw materials (g / 100g)

[0066]

[0067] Table 10 Difference analysis of small molecules in buffalo complete mixed feed (g / 100g)

[0068]

[0069] According to Table 7, the average daily weight gain of total mixed diet group A was 0.54 kg / d, and the average daily weight gain of total mixed diet group B was 0.75 kg / d, which was 38.89% higher than that of total mixed diet group A. According to Table 10, compared with total mixed diet group A, free amino acids / total amino acids and crude polysaccharides in total mixed diet group B increased by 53.89% and 22.05%, respectively.

[0070] The total mixed diets of each group were tested by 16S microbial diversity sequencing. Figure 1 As shown in Table 11, at the genus level, the dominant bacterial groups at the genus level in the total mixed diets of each group were Acetobacter, Bacillus, Weissella and Lysinibacillus. According to Table 11, the proportion of Bacillus in the total mixed diet A of the group that replaced 25% of corn silage with wrapped cassava starch residue was 3.06%, and the proportion of Bacillus in the total mixed diet B of the group that replaced 12.5% ​​of corn silage with wrapped cassava starch residue was 17.11%. Figure 2 As shown, the Simpson and Shannon indices from large to small are total mixed diet B>total mixed diet A.

[0071] Table 11 The proportion of the top five bacterial genera in each group of total mixed diet

[0072]

[0073] The feces of each group were tested by 16S microbial diversity sequencing, and the groups corresponding to total mixed diet A and total mixed diet B were group A and group B. Figure 3 As shown in Table 12, from the genus level, the main dominant bacterial groups at the fecal bacterial genus level in each group were UCG-005, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Bacteroides. According to Table 12, the proportion of Bacteroides in group A was 5.47%, and the proportion of Bacteroides in group B was 6.45%. Figure 4 As shown, the Chao1 index and observed species in group B were significantly increased compared with group A.

[0074] Table 12 The proportion of the top five bacterial genera in each group

[0075]

[0076] Table 13 Feed formula cost of each embodiment

[0077]

[0078] Table 14 Economic Benefit Analysis

[0079]

[0080] From the perspective of small molecule compounds, it can be seen from Tables 5 and 8 that compared with the total mixed diet group A, the ratio of free amino acids to total amino acids in the total mixed diet group B showed an upward trend, which is consistent with the trend of average daily weight gain. This shows that replacing 12.5% ​​whole corn silage with wrapped cassava starch residue can increase the ratio of free amino acids to total amino acids. Free amino acids can be directly digested and absorbed by the intestines, promoting the body's utilization of feed, thereby improving the growth performance of animals. This also shows that as the ratio of free amino acids to total amino acids increases, daily weight gain also increases. Compared with the total mixed diet group A, the crude polysaccharide in the total mixed diet group B increased significantly, which may be due to the addition of high-starch feed such as cassava starch residue to the feed. Polysaccharides are internationally recognized as natural and excellent immunomodulators that can improve animal growth efficiency, immunomodulatory function and antibacterial function. Most studies have shown that adding plant polysaccharides can increase the daily weight gain and immunity of animals. This may be because they can regulate the balance of intestinal microbial flora, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, thereby improving the immune function of animals and effectively improving the digestion and absorption of starch polysaccharides in feed, thereby promoting animal growth performance.

[0081] From the bacterial genus level of the total mixed diet, it can be seen from Table 11 and Figure 1It can be seen that compared with the total mixed diet group A, the relative abundance of Bacillus in the total mixed diet group B was significantly increased. Related studies have shown that Bacillus is a branch of the Firmicutes, which is considered to be the main bacterial group that can promote the decomposition of cellulose by host gastrointestinal microorganisms, helping the intestine to degrade fiber, decompose proteins and fats, thereby promoting the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids and lipid products, and then promoting the deposition of body fat, achieving the effect of increasing weight gain. Therefore, the high replacement amount of the total mixed diet group A reduced the relative abundance of Bacillus, resulting in a significant decrease in average daily weight gain. In addition, due to Figure 2 It can be seen that compared with the total mixed diet group A, the Simpson and Shannon indexes of the total mixed diet group B increased significantly, indicating that the microbial species diversity and the community with the same species richness in the total mixed diet group B were higher than those in the total mixed diet group A, which also corresponded to the trend of average daily weight gain. It further shows that the 12.5% ​​replacement amount can promote the diversity of microbial species and the richness of the same species, thereby promoting the relative balance of the flora structure in the intestinal tract of animals, inhibiting the reproduction of harmful flora, thereby improving the body's absorption of nutrients and promoting the growth performance of animals.

[0082] From the bacterial genus level of feces, it can be seen from Table 12 and Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with group A, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in group B increased significantly by 17.78%. Bacteroidetes is considered to be the main bacterial group that promotes the host's utilization of carbohydrates. It can effectively participate in the animal's metabolic activities and promote the animal's absorption of lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and other metabolic activities, thereby improving feed conversion rate and promoting animal growth performance. In addition, Bacteroidetes can provide another way for the host to provide a carbon source by digesting complex carbohydrates. This further illustrates that the increase in crude polysaccharides will promote the increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, thereby promoting the body's absorption of polysaccharides and achieving the benefit of weight gain. Therefore, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes is positively correlated with the growth performance and crude polysaccharides of buffalo. In addition, by Figure 4 It can be seen that compared with group A, the Chao1 index and visible species in the feces of group B were significantly increased, which further illustrates that the replacement amount of 12.5% ​​can increase the species richness and visible species of the intestinal community.

[0083] From the economic benefit analysis, the formula of the two embodiments of the total mixed diet and the cost of each feed raw material are shown in Table 13. The unit price is queried through the market price and then converted into the unit price per kilogram of dry matter weight. After calculation, the dry matter cost of the total mixed diet A is 1.35 yuan / kg, and the dry matter cost of the total mixed diet B is 1.42 yuan / kg. The current beef price is 62 yuan / kg through the market price query. It can be seen from Table 14 that, without considering external conditions such as artificial feeding and site costs, from the perspective of feed cost, as the amount of wrapped cassava starch residue replacement gradually increases, the feed cost is gradually reduced, from 20.09 yuan / (d·cow) to 16.66 yuan / (d·cow). From the perspective of economic benefits of meat production, the economic benefits of meat production of total mixed diet B increased by 11.16 yuan / (d·cow) compared with total mixed diet A. From the perspective of overall economic benefits, the overall economic benefits of total mixed diet B increased by 7.73 yuan / (d·cow) compared with total mixed diet A.

[0084] The above results show that the reason why the daily weight gain of the total mixed diet group B is higher than that of the total mixed diet group A is attributed to the changes in free amino acids / total amino acids and crude polysaccharides in the feed, as well as the changes in the relative abundance of Bacillus in the feed and Bacteroides in the feces. The improvement of these factors is conducive to improving the body's digestion and absorption of nutrients, maintaining the balance of animal intestinal microbial flora, and improving the body's immune ability, thereby improving the growth performance of animals. In addition, the economic benefits of the total mixed diet group B are 7.73 yuan / (d·cow) higher than those of the total mixed diet group A. The use of unconventional feeds such as wrapped cassava starch residue can play a role in reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0085] In summary, replacing 12.5% ​​whole corn silage with wrapped cassava starch residue in a total mixed diet can significantly increase the average daily weight gain of growing buffaloes aged 15 to 18 months, thereby reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0086] The above embodiments are only used to explain the present invention, and they are not limitations of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make non-creative modifications to the embodiments as needed, but they are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for increasing the daily weight gain of growing buffaloes aged 15 to 18 months, characterized in that: The feed comprises the following components by weight percentage: 12.46% to 24.91% silage corn, 37% to 40% peanut vines, 6% to 7% white wine lees, 6.23% to 18.69% wrapped cassava starch residue, 13% to 15% corn, 2% to 3% wheat bran, 5.5% to 6.5% 43% soybean meal, 0.3% to 0.4% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2% to 0.3% salt, 0.1% to 0.15% stone powder, 0.01% to 0.02% vitamin E, 0.08% to 0.1% mildew remover, 0.01% to 0.02% antioxidant, and 0.2% to 0.25% premix, wherein the wrapped cassava starch residue consists of rice straw and cassava starch residue, wherein the weight ratio of rice straw to cassava starch residue is 45:55, and the ration is stored for 10 to 20 days in the form of wrapped fermentation.

2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The feed formula is used for preparing a total mixed ration.

3. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The premix is ​​composed of the following ingredients: 0.036g of vitamin A acetate, 30.07g of vitamin D, 0.08g of vitamin B1, 0.05g of vitamin B2, 0.0008g of vitamin B12, 0.004g of vitamin C sodium salt, 0.15g of vitamin E, 0.33g of ferrous sulfate, 0.18g of zinc sulfate, 0.035g of copper sulfate, 0.12g of manganese sulfate, 0.18g of magnesium sulfate, 0.00067g of sodium selenite, 0.0002g of cobalt carbonate, 0.0007g of potassium iodide, 0.2g of antioxidant, 0.2g of antibacterial peptide and 8.54263g of medical stone.

4. The feed according to claim 2, characterized in that The complete mixed diet is calculated according to the following components and weight percentages: protein content 10.30% to 12.39%, net milk energy 5.92 to 5.23 MJ / Kg, neutral detergent fiber 37.21% to 42.41%, acid detergent fiber 24.21% to 25.78%, calcium 0.98% to 1.03%, and phosphorus 0.26% to 0.31%.

5. The use of the feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diet was used as a raw material, rumen fluid provided by adult buffalo and artificial saliva were mixed in a ratio of 1:2 to prepare an in vitro culture medium, and the in vitro gas production method was used to evaluate the optimum ratio of the replacement amount of the wrapped cassava starch residue.

6. The use of the feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The in vitro gas production is that when the silage corn is replaced by the wrapped cassava starch residue at a ratio of 12.5%, the gas production and short-chain fatty acids are at peak values ​​at 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h.

7. The use of the feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The in vitro gas production is a total mixed diet when 12.5% ​​of silage corn is replaced by wrapped cassava starch residue, and is applied to animal experiments to feed growing buffaloes aged 15 to 18 months.

8. The use of the feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The animal experiment was conducted by mining the 16S microbial diversity sequencing to find that Bacillus was the dominant bacterial group in the total mixed diet containing fermented wrapped cassava starch residue, and Bacteroides was the dominant bacterial group in the feces.

9. The use of the feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The total mixed diets in the animal studies also contained small molecule compounds.

10. The use of the feed according to claim 9, characterized in that: The content of small molecule compounds in the complete mixed diet is: total amino acid 10-12.34g / 100g, free amino acid 0.63-0.78g / 100g, free amino acid / total amino acid 5.01%-7.71%, polypeptide 9.22-11.71g / 100g, crude polysaccharide 1.27-1.55g / 100g, total polyphenol 0.26-0.65g / 100g.

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