A method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, which relates to the field of ecological governance technology and includes the following steps: Step 1: surveying the river and lake basins that need to be repaired; Step 2: detecting the usage of each water inlet in the basin; Step 3: performing ecological dredging work on the detected basin; Step 4: intercepting the microorganisms in the basin through a biological filter; Step 5: establishing ecological microbial protection in the basin; Step 6: re-stocking aquatic animals. By detecting the pollution conditions in the basin and at each water inlet, the water quality and microbial quantity conditions of different basins can be effectively analyzed, so as to better repair various areas in the basin, and by establishing ecological microbial protection, the microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality of the basin can be degraded by ecological microorganisms, thereby effectively preventing the continued growth of microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality, and degrading harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological management, and in particular to a method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes. Background Art

[0002] Ecological restoration refers to relying on the self-regulating ability of ecosystems to make them evolve in an orderly direction, supplemented by artificial measures, to gradually restore damaged ecosystems. Ecological restoration is committed to restoring the original appearance of ecosystems damaged by natural mutations and human activities, so that the ecosystems can be better improved. Ecological restoration technology is often used in the management of rivers and lakes, but existing river and lake ecological restoration methods have some shortcomings, such as:

[0003] Application number: CN201911184814.4 discloses a method for ecological restoration of urban lakes. This method uses wave-breaking enclosures, which differ from traditional mesh or PVC enclosures. These enclosures are eco-friendly and permeable, capable of fluctuating with water levels. This provides both environmental and ecological benefits without affecting the waterscape, providing extensive experience in ecological restoration of urban water bodies with high winds and waves.

[0004] However, in the actual restoration process, this method is difficult to detect and control the chemical composition and microbial population in rivers and lakes, which may result in submerged plants in the restored rivers and lakes being unable to degrade some chemical components and microorganisms, thereby reducing the speed of river and lake restoration and possibly resulting in poor restoration effects.

[0005] Therefore, we proposed a method for river and lake ecological restoration to solve the problems raised above. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes to solve the problem proposed in the above background technology that most of the river and lake restoration methods currently on the market are difficult to detect and control the chemical components and the number of microorganisms in rivers and lakes, which may lead to the situation that submerged plants in the restored rivers and lakes are difficult to degrade some chemical components and microorganisms, thereby reducing the speed of river and lake restoration, and may result in poor river and lake restoration effects.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Survey the river and lake basins to be restored to determine the area of ​​the ecological restoration basin. Use interpolation to determine the location of silt in the basin, test the soil at the bottom and along the banks of the basin, and test the water quality of the basin.

[0009] Step 2: Detect the usage of each water inlet in the basin and conduct chemical tests on the pollution of each water inlet using chemical reagents. Then detect the distribution and growth of aquatic plants in the basin near each water inlet.

[0010] Step 3: Carry out ecological dredging work on the tested watershed. Use underwater dredging to clean the silt at the bottom of the watershed and near each water inlet. At the same time, clean the excess aquatic plant roots at the bottom of the watershed and each water inlet.

[0011] Step 4: The microorganisms in the watershed are intercepted by the biofilter, so that the microorganisms and plankton in the watershed are filtered out. When the microorganisms are intercepted by the biofilter, biological agents can be added to the biofilter to better intercept the microorganisms in the watershed;

[0012] Step 5: Establish ecological microbial protection in the watershed to degrade harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the watershed, while also preventing the excessive growth of aquatic plants;

[0013] Step 6: Restock aquatic animals to restore the ecological balance in the watershed and complete the ecological restoration of rivers and lakes.

[0014] By detecting the pollution situation in the river basin and each water inlet, the water quality and microbial quantity of different river basins can be effectively analyzed, so as to better repair various areas in the river basin. By establishing ecological microbial protection, the microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality of the river basin can be degraded by ecological microorganisms, thereby effectively preventing the continued growth of microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality, and being able to degrade harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, before surveying the river and lake basins, the aquatic animals in the basins can be preliminarily driven away to avoid accidents during the survey, and the ecological conditions of the basins can be preliminarily judged by observing the growth of aquatic animals.

[0016] The adoption of the above technical solution can prevent aquatic animals in the basin from disrupting the survey work of the basin, thereby increasing the accuracy of the method when surveying the river and lake basin conditions.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when surveying the water quality pollution in a river basin, the degree of water alkalinity can be firstly measured by chemical reagents to determine the chemical concentration of the water quality in the river basin, and then the bacterial activity in the water can be detected by chemical reagents to complete the water quality monitoring.

[0018] After the water quality survey of the basin is completed, the soil quality survey of the basin can be carried out. The soil at the bottom of the basin can be sampled and tested, and then the soil composition can be tested. This can determine the extent of the impact of water quality on soil in the basin and further determine the pollution status of the water quality in the basin.

[0019] The use of the above technical solution can make it more convenient to survey the water quality and bottom silt soil quality in the basin, thereby increasing the accuracy of the basin survey.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when inspecting the water inlet environment of a river basin, each water inlet can be inspected by surveying the water pollution situation in the river basin, thereby determining the water pollution situation at the water inlet.

[0021] The adoption of the above technical solution can make it more convenient to observe each water inlet or clean the silt at the water inlet, thereby increasing the accuracy when surveying the watershed.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when carrying out underwater dredging work, the silt is excavated by a dredger and an auger drill, and then the silt is dehydrated and transported using an auger shaft transmission device, and the silt is bagged to support the enclosure around the basin to reinforce the basin bank. When there is excess silt, the silt is discharged to avoid silt accumulation in the basin.

[0023] The above technical solution can be used to reinforce the bank with excess silt. While protecting the bank, it can also enable the silt to maintain the original watershed ecology, thereby increasing the protectiveness when maintaining the watershed ecology.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when reinforcing the river basin bank, the bank needs to be one meter higher than the water surface of the river basin, and aquatic plants must be attached to the silt surface, so that the roots of aquatic plants can fix the silt surface, thereby increasing the speed at which the silt is fixed and formed in supporting the river basin bank.

[0025] The above technical solution can enable the roots of aquatic plants to fix the silt, thereby preventing the silt from falling off. While strengthening the shore protection, the silt can also protect the ecology in the basin.

[0026] As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, when establishing ecological microbial protection, a carrier microbial device is placed into the water in the basin to degrade the microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality, and the carrier microbial device includes an immobilized carrier, and the surface of the immobilized carrier is provided with capillaries, the interior of the immobilized carrier is provided with a carrier plate, and the top of the carrier plate is provided with a degrading microbial flora, and the bottom of the carrier plate is provided with a columnar biological carrier group, and the bottom of the immobilized carrier is provided with a fixed floating bed.

[0027] The above technical solution enables the immobilized carrier to be installed in the watershed through a fixed floating bed, thereby increasing the stability of the immobilized carrier during installation and making it more convenient to establish ecological microbial protection.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the degradation microbial flora includes aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria, wherein the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are a type of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria that can convert NH4+ into N02- under aerobic conditions, and their activities will directly or indirectly affect soil nutrient cycling, water eutrophication, greenhouse gas (N20) and ecosystem functions;

[0029] The organic pollutant-degrading bacterial community consists of two parts: organic matter-degrading bacteria and biochar. It can degrade chemical components in water quality, and its activities can affect the chemical content and microbial content in water quality.

[0030] The above technical solution enables aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria to degrade different chemical components and microorganisms in the water respectively, thereby increasing the efficiency of the immobilized carrier in repairing the water quality in the basin.

[0031] As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the columnar biological carrier group is a carrier setting for the degrading microbial flora, which carries the degrading microbial flora through ion adsorption, embedding and association, so that the degrading microbial flora can form a whole with the columnar biological carrier group and be fixed in the immobilized carrier, and the carrier plate is a perforated plate, the main function of which is to determine the fixed position of the degrading microbial flora with the columnar biological carrier group.

[0032] The above technical solution can make the immobilized carrier more stable when carrying the microbial flora, thereby increasing the firmness of the immobilized carrier during installation.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when re-introducing aquatic organisms to restore the ecological conditions of the watershed, artificial lighting can be used to provide strong artificial light sources to illuminate the watershed, thereby determining the restoration status of each watershed, and then aquatic organisms are introduced to improve the survival of aquatic organisms in the watershed. When introducing aquatic organisms, native aquatic organisms from rivers and lakes need to be introduced to ensure the ecological balance in the watershed.

[0034] The above technical solution can restore the original ecology of rivers and lakes through native aquatic organisms after the restoration of rivers and lakes, so that the ecological balance of rivers and lakes will not be destroyed after the restoration.

[0035] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: by detecting the pollution conditions in the watershed and at each water inlet, the water quality and microbial quantity of different watersheds can be effectively analyzed, so as to better repair each area in the watershed. Moreover, by establishing ecological microbial protection, the microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality of the watershed can be degraded by ecological microorganisms, thereby effectively preventing the continued growth of microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality and degrading harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality.

[0036] Furthermore, by attaching aquatic plants to the surface of the bank mud, the roots of the aquatic plants can fix the mud, thereby preventing the mud from falling off. While strengthening the bank protection, the mud can also protect the ecology of the basin.

[0037] Furthermore, by providing the columnar biological carrier group, the immobilized carrier can be more stable when carrying the microbial flora, thereby increasing the firmness of the immobilized carrier during installation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the watershed survey process of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the ecological microbial protection of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic elevational structural diagram of the carrier microorganism device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the carrier microorganism device of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1. Carrier microorganism device; 101. Immobilized carrier; 102. Carrier plate; 103. Degradation microorganism flora; 104. Columnar biological carrier flora; 105. Fixed floating bed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] See also Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Survey the river and lake basins to be restored to determine the area of ​​the ecological restoration basin. Use interpolation to determine the location of silt in the basin, test the soil at the bottom and along the banks of the basin, and test the water quality of the basin.

[0048] Step 2: Detect the usage of each water inlet in the basin and conduct chemical tests on the pollution of each water inlet using chemical reagents. Then detect the distribution and growth of aquatic plants in the basin near each water inlet.

[0049] Step 3: Carry out ecological dredging work on the tested watershed. Use underwater dredging to clean the silt at the bottom of the watershed and near each water inlet. At the same time, clean the excess aquatic plant roots at the bottom of the watershed and each water inlet.

[0050] Step 4: The microorganisms in the watershed are intercepted by the biofilter, so that the microorganisms and plankton in the watershed are filtered out. When the microorganisms are intercepted by the biofilter, biological agents can be added to the biofilter to better intercept the microorganisms in the watershed;

[0051] Step 5: Establish ecological microbial protection in the watershed to degrade harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the watershed, while also preventing the excessive growth of aquatic plants;

[0052] Step 6: Restock aquatic animals to restore the ecological balance in the watershed and complete the ecological restoration of rivers and lakes;

[0053] Before surveying a river or lake basin, you can first drive away the aquatic animals in the basin to avoid unexpected situations during the survey. You can also make a preliminary judgment on the ecological situation of the basin by observing the growth of aquatic animals.

[0054] When surveying water pollution in a river basin, the degree of water alkalinity can be first measured using chemical reagents to determine the chemical concentration of the water in the basin. The bacterial activity in the water can then be tested using chemical reagents to complete the water quality monitoring.

[0055] After the water quality survey of the river basin is completed, the soil quality survey of the river basin can be carried out. The soil at the bottom of the river basin can be sampled and tested, and then the soil composition can be tested. In this way, the degree of influence of water quality on soil quality in the river basin can be obtained, and the pollution status of the water quality in the river basin can be further determined. When testing the environment of the water inlet of the river basin, each water inlet can also be tested by the method of surveying the water quality pollution status of the river basin to determine the water quality pollution status of the water inlet.

[0056] During underwater dredging, silt is dug out by dredging vessels and auger drilling machines, then dehydrated and transported using auger shaft transmission equipment. The silt is then bagged and used to support barriers around the basin to reinforce the banks. When excess silt is present, it is discharged to avoid silt accumulation in the basin.

[0057] When reinforcing the banks of a river basin, the banks need to be one meter above the water surface of the river basin and attached to the silt surface by aquatic plants, so that the roots of aquatic plants can fix the silt surface, thereby increasing the speed of silt fixation and formation in supporting the river basin bank;

[0058] When establishing ecological microbial protection, the microorganisms and bacteria in the water are degraded by placing the carrier microorganism device 1 into the watershed, and the carrier microorganism device 1 includes an immobilized carrier 101, and the surface of the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with capillaries, the interior of the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with a carrier plate 102, and the top of the carrier plate 102 is provided with a degrading microbial flora 103, and the bottom of the carrier plate 102 is provided with a columnar biological carrier group 104, and the bottom of the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with a fixed floating bed 105;

[0059] The degradation microbial community 103 includes aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant-degrading bacteria. The aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are a type of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria that can convert NH4+ into NO2- under aerobic conditions. Their activities will directly or indirectly affect soil nutrient cycling, water eutrophication, greenhouse gases (N2O) and ecosystem functions. The aerobic ammonia oxidizing microorganisms are mainly composed of ammonia oxidizing bacteria AOB and ammonia oxidizing archaea AOA.

[0060] The organic pollutant-degrading bacteria include organic matter-degrading bacteria and biochar, which can degrade chemical components in water. Their activities can affect the chemical content and microbial content in water.

[0061] The columnar biological carrier group 104 is a support device for the degrading microbial flora 103. The degrading microbial flora 103 is supported by ion adsorption, embedding, and association, so that the degrading microbial flora 103 and the columnar biological carrier group 104 can be integrated and fixed in the immobilized carrier 101. The carrier plate 102 is a perforated plate, which mainly functions to determine the fixed position of the degrading microbial flora 103 and the columnar biological carrier group 104.

[0062] When restocking aquatic organisms to restore the ecological condition of a watershed, artificial lighting can be used to provide strong artificial light sources to illuminate the watershed, thereby determining the restoration status of each watershed. Aquatic organisms can then be added to improve their survival in the watershed. When adding aquatic organisms, native aquatic organisms from rivers and lakes must be added to ensure the ecological balance of the watershed.

[0063] Example 2:

[0064] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: when establishing ecological microbial protection, a carrier microorganism device 1 is placed in the water of the basin to degrade microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality, and the carrier microorganism device 1 includes an immobilized carrier 101, and the surface of the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with capillaries, the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with a carrier plate 102 inside, and the top of the carrier plate 102 is provided with a degrading microbial flora 103, and the bottom of the carrier plate 102 is provided with a columnar biological carrier group 104, and the bottom of the immobilized carrier 101 is provided with a fixed floating bed 105;

[0065] The degradation microbial flora 103 includes aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria. The aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are a type of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria that can convert NH4+ into N02- under aerobic conditions. Their activities will directly or indirectly affect soil nutrient cycling, water eutrophication, greenhouse gases (N20) and ecosystem functions.

[0066] The organic pollutant-degrading bacterial community includes organic matter-degrading bacteria and biochar, which can degrade chemical components in water. Its activities can affect the chemical content and microbial content in water, and the biochar is attached to the top of the immobilized carrier 101 and the top of the carrier plate 102.

[0067] By deploying aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria, sampling the water source of the basin to cultivate aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria, so as to observe the adaptability of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria and the changes in the water source of the basin, so that when establishing ecological microbial protection, the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria will not be unable to adapt to the water quality of the basin or affect the water quality of the basin.

[0068] Example 3:

[0069] This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the river and lake basins to be restored are surveyed to determine the area of ​​the ecological restoration basin, the location of silt in the basin is determined using an interpolation method, and the soil at the bottom and along the banks of the basin is tested, and the water quality of the basin is tested at the same time;

[0070] When surveying water pollution in a river basin, water samples can be taken from different areas of rivers and lakes, and then the water quality can be tested using chemical reagents. In this way, when surveying the water quality of different rivers and lakes, different methods can be used to survey the water quality, thereby increasing the efficiency of surveying different river and lake basins.

[0071] Thereby completing a series of tasks, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0072] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Survey the river and lake basins to be restored to determine the area of ​​the ecological restoration basin. Use interpolation to determine the location of silt in the basin, test the soil at the bottom and along the banks of the basin, and test the water quality of the basin. Step 2: Detect the usage of each water inlet in the basin and conduct chemical tests on the pollution of each water inlet using chemical reagents. Then detect the distribution and growth of aquatic plants in the basin near each water inlet. Step 3: Carry out ecological dredging work on the tested watershed. Use underwater dredging to clean the silt at the bottom of the watershed and near each water inlet. At the same time, clean the excess aquatic plant roots at the bottom of the watershed and each water inlet. Step 4: The microorganisms in the watershed are intercepted by the biofilter, so that the microorganisms and plankton in the watershed are filtered out. When the microorganisms are intercepted by the biofilter, biological agents can be added to the biofilter to better intercept the microorganisms in the watershed; Step 5: Establish ecological microbial protection in the watershed to degrade harmful microorganisms and bacteria in the watershed, while also preventing the excessive growth of aquatic plants; Step 6: Restock aquatic animals to restore the ecological balance in the watershed and complete the ecological restoration of rivers and lakes; When surveying water pollution in a river basin, the degree of water alkalinity can be first measured using chemical reagents to determine the chemical concentration of the water in the basin. The bacterial activity in the water can then be tested using chemical reagents to complete water quality monitoring. After the water quality survey is completed, the soil quality survey can be carried out. The soil at the bottom of the basin can be sampled and tested, and then the soil composition can be tested. This can determine the degree of influence of water quality on soil quality in the basin and further determine the pollution status of the water quality in the basin. When testing the water inlet environment of a river basin, each water inlet can also be tested by surveying the water pollution situation in the river basin to determine the water pollution situation at the water inlet. When establishing ecological microbial protection, a carrier microbial device (1) is placed in the water of the basin to degrade microorganisms and bacteria in the water quality, and the carrier microbial device (1) includes an immobilized carrier (101), and the surface of the immobilized carrier (101) is provided with capillaries, the interior of the immobilized carrier (101) is provided with a carrier plate (102), and the top of the carrier plate (102) is provided with a degrading microbial flora (103), and the bottom of the carrier plate (102) is provided with a columnar biological carrier group (104), and the bottom of the immobilized carrier (101) is provided with a fixed floating bed (105); The degradation microbial flora (103) includes aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and organic pollutant degrading bacteria, wherein the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria is a type of bacteria that can convert NH4 + Converted to NO2 - The activities of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria will directly or indirectly affect soil nutrient cycling, water eutrophication, greenhouse gases and ecosystem functions; The organic pollutant-degrading bacteria include organic matter-degrading bacteria and biochar, which can degrade chemical components in water. Their activities can affect the chemical content and microbial content in water. The columnar biological carrier group (104) is a carrier setting for the degrading microbial flora (103), and carries the degrading microbial flora (103) by ion adsorption, embedding or association, so that the degrading microbial flora (103) can be formed into a whole with the columnar biological carrier group (104) and fixed in the immobilized carrier (101), and the carrier plate (102) is a plate with holes, and its main function is to determine the fixed position of the degrading microbial flora (103) and the columnar biological carrier group (104); Before surveying river and lake basins, aquatic animals in the basin can be initially driven away to avoid accidents during the survey. The ecological conditions of the basin can also be preliminarily judged by observing the growth of aquatic animals.

2. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: During underwater dredging, silt is excavated by dredgers and spiral drilling machines, and then the silt is dehydrated and transported using auger shaft transmission equipment. The silt is bagged and used to support fences around the basin to reinforce the basin banks. When there is excess silt, the silt is discharged to avoid silt accumulation in the basin.

3. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 2, characterized in that: When reinforcing the banks of a river basin, the banks need to be one meter higher than the water surface of the basin and attached to the silt surface through aquatic plants, so that the roots of aquatic plants can fix the silt surface, thereby increasing the speed at which the silt is fixed and formed in supporting the banks of the river basin.

4. The method for ecological restoration of rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When re-introducing aquatic organisms to restore the ecological condition of the watershed, artificial lighting can be used to provide strong artificial light sources to illuminate the watershed, so as to determine the restoration status of each watershed. Aquatic organisms can then be reintroduced to improve their survival in the watershed. When reintroducing aquatic organisms, native aquatic organisms from rivers and lakes must be reintroduced to ensure the ecological balance in the watershed.

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