A bio-based plant active fuel additive

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel additives, and specifically discloses a bio-based plant active fuel additive, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of vegetable oil, 10-20 parts of pour point depressant, 2-8 parts of antioxidant, and 1-5 parts of surfactant; the vegetable oil is one or more of palm oil, soybean oil, castor oil, jatropha oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and olive oil; the pour point depressant is obtained by polymerizing tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinylcarbazole; the obtained fuel additive not only has excellent low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability, but also contains a large amount of plant active ingredients, is green, environmentally friendly and degradable, can be directly added to the fuel tank of an internal combustion engine for use, improves the fuel quality, reduces fuel consumption, improves the fuel lubricity, and prolongs the service life of the engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel additives, and more particularly to a bio-based plant active fuel additive. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of biotechnology and the continuous expansion of the market, bio-based fuel additives have received more and more attention. Bio-based fuel additives are renewable resources and are biodegradable. Adding bio-based fuel additives to traditional fuels can enable engines to achieve high efficiency and low emissions. They have broad application prospects in the automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding and other industrial fields.

[0003] Bio-based fuel additives are derived from plant extracts in nature. The main components are fatty acids containing C16 and C18. Their properties are mainly determined by the type, properties and content of the fatty acids they contain. Bio-based fuel additives are liquids without irritating odor at room temperature. They can be degraded in the environment and are compatible with gasoline without stratification. However, at lower temperatures, they are paste-like and have no fluidity. Their ability to dissolve fuel is reduced, which is not only not conducive to the normal start-up and operation of the engine, but also increases the wear of the engine during the start-up process. At the same time, because bio-based fuel additives contain more unsaturated fatty acid esters, they are prone to oxidation reactions under the influence of oxygen, temperature, metal catalysis and moisture. Oxidation reactions can cause the acid value of the oil to increase, the viscosity to change, and the formation of sediments, which can cause the bio-based fuel additives to deteriorate, directly affecting the working efficiency of the engine. In severe cases, they can cause the engine to jitter at idle speed, ignition difficulties, premature combustion, misfires and cylinder failure.

[0004] At present, CN112020548 A discloses a triglyceride mixture and an alkyl ester mixture from vegetable oil, wherein the mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters has the following composition: at least 56% of saturated C12 chains, at least 23% of saturated C14 chains, at most 8% of saturated C16 chains, at most 5% of saturated C6-10 chains, at most 5% of monounsaturated C18 chains, at most 2% of saturated C18 chains, at most 0.8% of diunsaturated C18 chains, and at most 0.2% of saturated C20 chains; the mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters effectively improves the combustion efficiency of the fuel, but its own low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability are not effectively improved, which still affects the comprehensive performance of the fuel.

[0005] Based on the above statements, the present invention proposes a novel bio-based plant active fuel additive. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to improve the poor low temperature fluidity and oxidation stability of existing bio-based fuel additives, the present invention provides a bio-based plant active fuel additive.

[0007] The present invention provides a bio-based plant active fuel additive, adopting the following technical solution:

[0008] A bio-based plant active fuel additive, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of vegetable oil, 10-20 parts of pour point depressant, 2-8 parts of antioxidant, and 1-5 parts of surfactant;

[0009] The pour point depressant is obtained by polymerizing tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinylcarbazole.

[0010] Preferably, the vegetable oil is one or more of palm oil, soybean oil, castor oil, jatropha oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and olive oil.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the pour point depressant comprises the following steps:

[0012] First, add tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinylcarbazole into ethanol, dissolve them fully, then add an azo initiator, a dispersant, and a chain transfer agent and mix them evenly. Under the protection of an inert gas, heat up to 50-70°C and stir for 8-12 hours. After that, successively go through cooling, rotary evaporation, ethanol washing, and vacuum drying to obtain the pour point depressant.

[0013] During the preparation process of the pour point depressant, the involved chemical reaction equation is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, x, y, and z are all integers ≥1.

[0016] Preferably, the molar ratio of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinylcarbazole is 15:(1-2):(0.5-1).

[0017] Preferably, the azo initiator is one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, and dimethyl azobisisobutyrate; the mass of the azo initiator is 0.7-1% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinylcarbazole.

[0018] Preferably, the dispersant is polyethylene glycol; the mass of the dispersant is 2-3% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinylcarbazole.

[0019] Preferably, the dispersant is one or more of polyethylene glycol-800, polyethylene glycol-2000, and polyethylene glycol-4000.

[0020] Preferably, the chain transfer agent is one or more of mercaptoethanol, n-butyl mercaptan, benzyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, tetradecyl mercaptan, hexadecyl mercaptan; the mass of the chain transfer agent is 0.8-1.2% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinylcarbazole.

[0021] Preferably, the antioxidant is one or more of butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid, sophorolipid.

[0022] Preferably, the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid, and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 2:6:1.

[0023] Preferably, the surfactant is one or more of sorbitan fatty acid esters, xylitol fatty acid esters, sorbitol fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, alkyl glycosides.

[0024] The present invention also provides a bio-based plant active fuel, adopting the following technical solution:

[0025] A bio-based plant active fuel, comprising a base oil and the above-mentioned bio-based plant active fuel additive in a mass ratio of (400-500):1.

[0026] Preferably, the base oil is heavy diesel oil or marine heavy oil.

[0027] Preferably, the model of the heavy diesel oil is one of 10#, 20#, 30#.

[0028] Preferably, the model of the marine heavy oil is one of 180 CST, 380 CST, 500 CST.

[0029] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The bio-based plant active fuel additive of the present invention includes vegetable oil, pour point depressant, antioxidant, and surfactant. The components interact with each other, and the obtained fuel additive has excellent low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability, and is green, environmentally friendly, and degradable.

[0031] 2. The pour point depressant of the present invention uses tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinylcarbazole as monomers to synthesize a ternary polymer by dispersion polymerization, and a dispersant and a chain transfer agent are added, and the molar amounts of the three monomers are controlled to effectively regulate the molecular weight and chain structure of the ternary polymer; the obtained pour point depressant contains a carbazole ring, a benzene ring, and a long-chain alkyl group. The tetradecyl methacrylate part has a similar structure to the wax crystal part in vegetable oil and can form a eutectic with the wax crystal. The polar group ester group on the carbon chain becomes the adsorption center. With the eutectic-adsorption effect, a separation film that prevents paraffin molecules from combining with each other and growing larger is formed, so that they cannot form a network structure, thereby preventing vegetable oil from solidifying within a certain low-temperature range, and then delaying the gelling of the fuel system, reducing the solidification temperature, and achieving the pour point depression effect; at the same time, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinylcarbazole provide a benzene ring and a carbazole ring (aromaticity and strong π-π conjugate structure), strengthening the diversification and polarity of the adsorption center, enhancing its eutectic-adsorption function with paraffin, and achieving a better pour point depression effect; in addition, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinylcarbazole have a large steric hindrance, which can cause the eutectic wax crystals to repel each other and make the wax crystals evenly distributed, enhancing the contact degree between the pour point depressant and the wax crystals, so that the pour point depressant can wrap on the surface of the wax crystals, inhibiting the growth of the wax crystals and their combination with other wax crystals.

[0032] 3. The present invention uses butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid, and sophorolipid as antioxidants. Butylated hydroxyanisole inhibits the oxidation of vegetable oil by capturing free radicals; hydrogenated rosin acid can provide hydrogen atoms to peroxides to interrupt its oxidation chain reaction; sophorolipid reduces the contact opportunity of oxygen with vegetable oil through emulsification; the present invention further preferably uses a mixture of butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid, and sophorolipid in a specific ratio as an antioxidant, and the three work synergistically to effectively delay the oxidation process of the bio-based plant active fuel additive, and then improve its oxidation stability.

[0033] 4. The carbazole ring, benzene ring, and long-chain alkyl group in the molecule of the pour point depressant of the present invention also have certain antioxidant, anti-corrosion properties and high-temperature detergency; and the antioxidant of the present invention is dissolved in vegetable oil and can also achieve the pour point depression effect; the interaction between the two helps to further improve the low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability of the bio-based plant active fuel additive.

[0034] 5. The bio-based plant active fuel additive of the present invention is mixed with a base oil according to a certain mass ratio, which can achieve a good pour point depressing effect and will not deteriorate. At the same time, the additive contains vegetable oil, that is, it has a large number of plant active ingredients, which can quickly penetrate into the molecular chain of the fuel, decompose the molecular chain of the fuel hydrocarbon compound, and reform and homogenize the cluster hydrocarbon molecules of different sizes to improve the fuel quality and meet the engine performance requirements. Moreover, it can make the fuel molecules smaller and more uniform, improve the fuel atomization effect and aerobic combustion efficiency, reduce the emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons while cleanly burning, and has broad application prospects. Detailed Embodiment

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0036] The materials, reagents, etc. used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial channels. Among them, tetradecyl methacrylate, with a CAS number of 2549-53-3 and a purity of ≥99%, was purchased from Wuhan Jixin Yibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; benzyl cinnamate, with a CAS number of 103-41-3 and a purity of ≥98%, was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; N-vinylcarbazole, with a CAS number of 1484-13-58 and a purity of ≥98%, was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd.; palm oil, with a CAS number of 8002-75-3 and a purity of ≥99%, was purchased from Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd.; soybean oil, with a CAS number of 8001-22-7 and a purity of ≥99%, was purchased from Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd.; castor oil, with a CAS number of 8001-79-4 and a purity of ≥99%, was purchased from Shandong Zhouhe Chemical Co., Ltd.; olive oil, with a CAS number of 8001-25-0 and a purity of ≥99%, was purchased from Hubei Chenxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; 10# heavy diesel was purchased from Sinopec Group.

[0037] Preparation Examples 1-3 and Comparative Preparation Examples 1-3 provide a preparation method of a pour point depressant.

[0038] Preparation Example 1

[0039] The preparation method of the pour point depressant includes the following steps:

[0040] First, 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate, 0.01 mol (2.38 g) of benzyl cinnamate, and 0.005 mol (0.965 g) of N-vinylcarbazole were added to 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolved. Then, 0.32 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 0.914 g of polyethylene glycol-2000, and 0.366 g of benzyl mercaptan were added and mixed evenly. Under nitrogen protection, the temperature was raised to 50 °C and stirred for 12 h. After that, it was successively cooled, rotary evaporated, washed with ethanol, and vacuum dried to obtain the pour point depressant.

[0041] Preparation Example 2

[0042] The preparation method of the pour point depressant includes the following steps:

[0043] First, 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate, 0.015 mol (3.57 g) of benzyl cinnamate, and 0.008 mol (1.544 g) of N-vinylcarbazole are added to 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolved. Then, 0.38 g of dimethyl 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionate), 1.187 g of polyethylene glycol-800, and 0.475 g of dodecyl mercaptan are added and mixed evenly. Under the protection of nitrogen, the temperature is raised to 110 °C and stirred for 10 h. After that, it is successively cooled, rotary evaporated, washed with ethanol, and vacuum dried to obtain the pour point depressant.

[0044] Preparation Example 3

[0045] The preparation method of the pour point depressant includes the following steps:

[0046] First, 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate, 0.02 mol (4.76 g) of benzyl cinnamate, and 0.01 mol (1.93 g) of N-vinylcarbazole are added to 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolved. Then, 0.491 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 1.472 g of polyethylene glycol-4000, and 0.589 g of tetradecyl mercaptan are added and mixed evenly. Under the protection of nitrogen, the temperature is raised to 120 °C and stirred for 8 h. After that, it is successively cooled, rotary evaporated, washed with ethanol, and vacuum dried to obtain the pour point depressant.

[0047] Comparative Preparation Example 1

[0048] Comparative Preparation Example 1 is different from Preparation Example 1 only in that an equimolar amount of benzyl cinnamate is used to replace N-vinylcarbazole, specifically as follows:

[0049] The preparation method of the pour point depressant includes the following steps:

[0050] First, 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate and 0.015 mol (3.57 g) of benzyl cinnamate are added to 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolved. Then, 0.322 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 0.919 g of polyethylene glycol-2000, and 0.368 g of benzyl mercaptan are added and mixed evenly. Under the protection of nitrogen, the temperature is raised to 50 °C and stirred for 12 h. After that, it is successively cooled, rotary evaporated, washed with ethanol, and vacuum dried to obtain the pour point depressant.

[0051] Comparative Preparation Example 2

[0052] Comparing Preparation Example 2 with Preparation Example 1, the difference lies only in that equimolar N-vinylcarbazole is used to replace benzyl cinnamate, as follows:

[0053] The preparation method of the pour point depressant includes the following steps:

[0054] First, 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate and 0.015 mol (2.895 g) of N-vinylcarbazole are added to 2000 mL of ethanol and dissolved thoroughly. Then, 0.317 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 0.905 g of polyethylene glycol-2000, and 0.362 g of benzyl mercaptan are added and mixed evenly. Under nitrogen protection, the temperature is raised to 50 °C and stirred for reaction for 12 h. After that, through cooling, rotary evaporation, ethanol washing, and vacuum drying in sequence, a pour point depressant is obtained.

[0055] Comparative Preparation Example 3

[0056] Comparing Comparative Preparation Example 3 with Preparation Example 1, the difference lies only in that equimolar benzyl cinnamate is used to replace tetradecyl methacrylate, as follows:

[0057] The preparation method of the pour point depressant includes the following steps:

[0058] First, 0.16 mol (38.08 g) of benzyl cinnamate and 0.005 mol (0.965 g) of N-vinylcarbazole are added to 2000 mL of ethanol and dissolved thoroughly. Then, 0.273 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 0.781 g of polyethylene glycol-2000, and 0.312 g of benzyl mercaptan are added and mixed evenly. Under nitrogen protection, the temperature is raised to 50 °C and stirred for reaction for 12 h. After that, through cooling, rotary evaporation, ethanol washing, and vacuum drying in sequence, a pour point depressant is obtained.

[0059] Examples 1-7 provide a bio-based plant active fuel additive.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0062] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil, and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared from Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of vegetable oil, 15 parts of pour point depressant, 5 parts of antioxidant, and 2.5 parts of surfactant;

[0065] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:4; the pour point depressant is prepared according to Preparation Example 2; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:2; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of vegetable oil, 20 parts of pour point depressant, 8 parts of antioxidant, and 5 parts of surfactant;

[0068] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and olive oil in a mass ratio of 1:4:2; the pour point depressant is prepared according to Preparation Example 3; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 3:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] Example 4 is different from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1, specifically as follows:

[0071] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0072] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared according to Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0073] Example 5

[0074] Example 5 is different from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is obtained by mixing hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1, specifically as follows:

[0075] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0076] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared according to Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0077] Example 6

[0078] Example 6 is different from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, specifically as follows:

[0079] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0080] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared from Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0081] Example 7

[0082] Example 7 is different from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 2:6:1, specifically as follows:

[0083] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0084] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared from Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 2:6:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0085] In order to verify the performance of the bio-based plant active fuel additive provided by the present invention, the inventors set Comparative Examples 1-5, among which:

[0086] Comparative Example 1

[0087] Comparative Example 1 is different from Example 1 only in that the pour point depressant is prepared from Comparative Preparation Example 1, specifically as follows:

[0088] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0089] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is obtained from Comparative Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0090] Comparative Example 2

[0091] Comparative Example 2 is different from Example 1 only in that the pour point depressant is obtained from Comparative Preparation Example 2, which is as follows:

[0092] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0093] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is obtained from Comparative Preparation Example 2; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] Comparative Example 3 is different from Example 1 only in that the pour point depressant is obtained from Comparative Preparation Example 3, which is as follows:

[0096] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0097] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is obtained from Comparative Preparation Example 3; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0098] Comparative Example 4

[0099] Comparative Example 4 is different from Example 1 only in that an equal mass of pour point depressant is used to replace the antioxidant, which is as follows:

[0100] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 12 parts of pour point depressant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0101] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is obtained from Preparation Example 1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0102] Comparative Example 5

[0103] Comparative Example 5 is the same as Example 1, except that: an antioxidant of equal mass is used to replace the pour point depressant, specifically as follows:

[0104] A bio-based plant active fuel additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 12 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant;

[0105] Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0106] According to the formulations of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-5, the raw materials are mixed evenly to obtain a bio-based plant active fuel additive, and the vegetable oil obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3 is used as the blank group for performance testing. The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0107] (1) Determination of low-temperature fluidity

[0108] The low-temperature fluidity of the bio-based plant active fuel additive is characterized by cold filter plugging point, congelation point and kinematic viscosity. The measurement method of its cold filter plugging point is carried out according to "SH / T 0248-2006 Determination of Cold Filter Plugging Point of Biodiesel and Domestic Heating Oil"; the measurement method of congelation point is according to GB / T 510-1983 "Determination of Pour Point of Petroleum Products"; the measurement method of kinematic viscosity is according to GB / T 265-1988 "Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity of Petroleum Products".

[0109] (2) Determination of oxidation stability

[0110] According to EN 14112-2003 "Determination of Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) - Accelerated Oxidation Method", the oxidation stability of the bio-based plant active fuel additive is determined by the induction period method.

[0111] Table 1:

[0112]

[0113] As can be seen from the above table, the cold filter plugging point, congelation point and kinematic viscosity of the bio-based plant active fuel additives obtained in Examples 1-7 are lower than those in Comparative Examples 1-5 and the blank group, and the induction period is longer. This fully shows that the low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability of the bio-based plant active fuel additive of the present invention have been significantly improved, and it has broad application prospects.

[0114] Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1 - 3, it shows that the ternary polymer synthesized from tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinylcarbazole as monomers is a pour point depressant. Compared with the binary polymer, it is more helpful to improve the low-temperature crystallization behavior of wax crystals, making the time when the bio-based plant active fuel additive completely loses its fluidity later, and still having good fluidity at low temperatures.

[0115] Comparing Example 1, Examples 4 - 7, it shows that the mixture of butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid, and sophorolipid as an antioxidant is more beneficial to reducing the deterioration process of vegetable oil, prolonging the induction period, and improving the antioxidant performance of the bio-based plant active fuel additive compared with the antioxidant with two components; and the three-component antioxidant can also reduce the cold filter plugging point, pour point, and kinematic viscosity of the bio-based plant active fuel additive to a certain extent, indicating that the antioxidant of the present invention helps to improve the low-temperature fluidity of the fuel additive.

[0116] Comparing Example 1, Comparative Examples 4, 5 with the blank group, it shows that the pour point depressant and antioxidant of the present invention interact with each other and assist each other, greatly improving the low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability of the bio-based plant active fuel additive.

[0117] The bio-based plant active fuel additive obtained in Example 1 was uniformly mixed with 10# heavy diesel at a mass ratio of 1:400 to obtain a bio-based plant active fuel, and performance tests were carried out. The test results are shown in Table 2:

[0118] (1)Determination of low-temperature fluidity

[0119] The low-temperature fluidity of the bio-based plant active fuel and 10# heavy diesel was characterized by cold filter plugging point, pour point, and kinematic viscosity. The measurement method of its cold filter plugging point was carried out according to "SH / T 0248 - 2006 Determination Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Biodiesel and Domestic Heating Oil"; the measurement method of pour point was carried out according to GB / T 510 - 1983 "Determination Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products"; the measurement method of kinematic viscosity was carried out according to GB / T 265 - 1988 "Determination Method for Kinematic Viscosity and Calculation Method for Dynamic Viscosity of Petroleum Products"

[0120] (2)Determination of calorific value

[0121] The calorific values of the bio-based plant active fuel and 10# heavy diesel were determined according to the method of GB / T 384 - 1981 "Determination Method for Calorific Value of Petroleum Products".

[0122] Table 2:

[0123]

[0124] As can be seen from the above table, the bio-based plant active fuel agent of the present invention can reduce the cold filter plugging point, pour point and kinematic viscosity of the base oil, increase the calorific value of the base oil, greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the base oil, and expand the application scope of the bio-based plant active fuel.

[0125] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other form. Any person skilled in the art may use the technical content disclosed above to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution content of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-based plant active fuel additive, characterized in that, The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of vegetable oil, 10-20 parts of pour point depressant, 2-8 parts of antioxidant and 1-5 parts of surfactant; The pour point depressant is obtained by polymerizing tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole in a molar ratio of 15:(1-2):(0.5-1); The antioxidant is one or more of butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid, and sophorolipids.

2. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 1, wherein The vegetable oil is one or more of palm oil, soybean oil, castor oil, jatropha oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and olive oil.

3. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 1, wherein, The preparation method of the pour point depressant comprises the following steps: First, tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole are added to ethanol and fully dissolved, and then an azo initiator, a dispersant and a chain transfer agent are added and mixed evenly. Under the protection of inert gas, the temperature is raised to 50-70° C. and stirred for reaction for 8-12 hours. Then, the mixture is cooled, rotary evaporated, washed with ethanol and vacuum dried in sequence to obtain a pour point depressant.

4. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 3, characterized in that, The azo initiator is one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile and dimethyl azobisisobutyrate; the mass of the azo initiator is 0.7-1% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole.

5. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dispersant is polyethylene glycol; the mass of the dispersant is 2-3% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole.

6. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 3, wherein The chain transfer agent is one or more of mercaptoethanol, n-butyl mercaptan, benzyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, tetradecyl mercaptan, and hexadecyl mercaptan; the mass of the chain transfer agent is 0.8-1.2% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinyl carbazole.

7. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 2:6:

1.

8. A bio-based plant active fuel, characterized in that, The invention comprises a base oil with a mass ratio of (400-500):1 and the bio-based plant active fuel additive according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the base oil is heavy diesel or marine heavy fuel oil.

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