Engine energy-saving device and method for producing hydrogen by utilizing ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of automobile engine energy saving, and particularly relates to an engine energy saving device and method for producing hydrogen through ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles, the device comprises a special water storage tank, an ultrasonic water mist generator and micro hydrogen production mineral particles, and the special water storage tank is divided into an ultrasonic water mist generation chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen production chamber through a permeation partition plate; the ultrasonic water mist generator is placed at the position 3 mm-5 mm below the liquid level of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber, and water is atomized through external power supply. Micro-hydrogen production mineral particles are placed at the bottom of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber and react with water to generate hydrogen, part of hydrogen is dissolved in water, and part of hydrogen is stored in the gas storage chamber above the liquid level. An air outlet is formed in the top of the special water storage tank and connected with an engine air inlet pipe, water mist and hydrogen enter an air cylinder along with engine suction to participate in acting, and therefore the redundant fuel injection amount is eliminated, and heat transfer loss in the cylinder is reduced. The heat efficiency of the automobile engine is improved, knocking is restrained, the incomplete combustion phenomenon is reduced, and then fuel consumption and harmful gas emission are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of automobile engine energy saving, and in particular, relates to an engine energy saving device and method for producing hydrogen by utilizing ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles. Background Art

[0002] At present, internal combustion engine-driven vehicles still have shortcomings in terms of energy efficiency and environmental pollution, mainly because the actual working efficiency of internal combustion engines when driving vehicles is low. This means that most of the energy of the fuel is not effectively converted into mechanical energy, mainly because there are heat losses, pumping losses, combustion losses and mechanical losses when the internal combustion engine is working.

[0003] In order to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines, the existing technology has proposed a variety of solutions, such as hybrid technology, start-stop technology, cylinder water injection, EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) technology and variable compression ratio technology. These technologies have improved the working efficiency of internal combustion engines and reduced emissions to a certain extent, but such technologies have complex structures and high costs. In particular, they cannot effectively solve the problem of pump air loss in partial load conditions of the engine and the energy loss caused by the enrichment of the oil-gas mixture in high load conditions.

[0004] In addition, heat loss accounts for most of the total loss, which mainly includes heat dissipation of the engine and exhaust heat energy loss. In order to keep the engine working normally, the engine needs to cool the engine through a cooling medium. In order to further improve the heat-to-work conversion efficiency of the working fluid, some researchers have proposed the technology of spraying water into the cylinder or airway. For example, German BMW uses an in-cylinder water spray system in the B38 engine of the BMW 1 Series. Patent CN117780528A of Shanghai Automotive Group Co., Ltd. proposes an engine water spray control method and device. Airway water spray is to use an ejector to spray water mist into the intake manifold, and the intake manifold quickly turns into water vapor through evaporation. When the water evaporates, the temperature of the air after the compressor will be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the intake temperature, improving the charging efficiency, and reducing the tendency of knocking.

[0005] Cylinder or airway water injection technology can effectively solve the problem of engine heat loss, but it also requires the installation of a high-pressure water injection system. This increases the difficulty in structural layout and also increases the cost. Therefore, designing a water supply device with simple structure and low cost has a positive effect on the promotion of engine energy-saving technology.

[0006] In addition, in order to further improve the heat-to-work conversion efficiency of internal combustion engines, the combustion speed of the mixed gas in the cylinder needs to be further accelerated. Hydrogen blending technology is considered to be an effective means to improve the combustion efficiency and cleanliness of internal combustion engines. The combustion speed of hydrogen is 7 times that of gasoline and natural gas. Studies have shown that adding hydrogen to traditional internal combustion engines can not only speed up the combustion speed and make the combustion process closer to the ideal isobaric heating cycle, but also reduce heat transfer losses and improve the efficiency of converting thermal energy into mechanical work.

[0007] At present, there are two main implementation schemes for hydrogen blending technology for internal combustion engines. The first is through an independent hydrogen blending system, which stores gaseous or liquid hydrogen in an on-board hydrogen storage tank and adjusts the hydrogen blending amount as needed through a gas supply ratio control device. However, this technology has many problems: gaseous hydrogen requires high pressure storage, liquid hydrogen requires an extremely low temperature environment, and storage and transportation equipment must meet high safety standards, resulting in a complicated and costly system. In addition, hydrogen storage tanks and gas supply devices occupy limited space in the vehicle, especially in small passenger cars, making installation and layout difficult.

[0008] The second category is to produce hydrogen in real time for internal combustion engines through an on-board hydrogen production system. For example, patent CN201710766208.8 discloses an on-board hydrogen production device based on microwave reforming of methane steam. The technical solution of this patent uses alcohol reforming technology to convert substances such as methanol or ethanol into hydrogen through catalytic reactions; patent CN202311312416.2 discloses a hydrogen-oxygen combustion-supporting energy-saving engine. The technical solution of this patent uses water electrolysis technology to decompose water to generate hydrogen and oxygen. Although this type of technology avoids the risks of high-pressure hydrogen storage and simplifies storage equipment, there are still several shortcomings: first, the hydrogen production equipment itself has a complex structure and high technical requirements; second, the hydrogen production process requires additional energy supply, whether it is thermal energy or electrical energy, which will lead to a decrease in overall energy efficiency; finally, the on-board hydrogen production equipment occupies a large space, especially in compact vehicles, affecting the structural layout.

[0009] In summary, although the existing hydrogen blending technology for internal combustion engines has improved engine efficiency and cleanliness to a certain extent, its complexity and space requirements limit its widespread application in compact vehicles such as passenger cars. It is of great significance to design an engine energy-saving device and implementation method that can solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an engine energy-saving device and method for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles. The design principle of the device can be summarized as "one bottle, two chambers, same liquid for two purposes". One bottle, two chambers means that a special water storage bottle is used, and a permeable partition is installed to divide the volume of the special water storage bottle into two chambers, one is an ultrasonic water mist generating chamber, and the other is a mineral particle hydrogen generating chamber. The water mist and hydrogen generated in the bottle can flow freely between the two chambers. Same liquid for two purposes means that the water in the special water storage bottle undergoes different physical and chemical phenomena in the two chambers to generate two completely different substances, and the water in the bottle can also flow freely between the two chambers. The ultrasonic water mist generator is used to generate normal temperature water mist, and the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles are used to generate hydrogen, which is sucked into the engine together with fresh air during the engine intake process. Hydrogen accelerates the combustion process, improves the sufficiency of fuel combustion and engine efficiency; the normal temperature water mist has a large density and a stronger vaporization heat absorption capacity, which can better reduce the intake temperature and improve the charging efficiency. Especially in the external characteristics of the engine, it can avoid oil and gas enrichment and reduce fuel consumption. In addition, it can prevent detonation, ensure smooth combustion, and compensate for the pumping loss caused by intake vacuum, improve fuel economy and reduce harmful gas emissions.

[0011] On the one hand, the present invention provides an engine energy-saving device for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles, comprising a special water storage tank, micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles and an ultrasonic water mist generator; a permeable partition is provided in the special water storage tank, and the permeable partition separates the special water storage tank into an ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen-producing chamber; the special water storage tank contains water, and the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles are placed at the bottom of the mineral particle hydrogen-producing chamber, and the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles are used to react with water to produce hydrogen; the special water storage tank is provided with a first air outlet connected to the engine air intake pipe and a second air outlet connected to the atmospheric environment; The ultrasonic water mist generator is located 3mm-5mm below the liquid level of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber of the special water storage tank, and is used to atomize liquid water into gaseous water mist at room temperature, so that the generated water mist and hydrogen can be sucked into the cylinder through the first air outlet during the engine's intake process and participate in work as a working medium.

[0012] In a preferred implementation, further, the ultrasonic water mist generator is located in the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber, which has a built-in liquid level sensor; the first air outlet is located at the top of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber, and is sealed by a mist outlet bottle cap, and a second air outlet is provided at the top of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber, and is sealed by a hydrogen production chamber bottle cap.

[0013] In a preferred implementation, further, the permeable partition is provided with neatly arranged fine holes, the pore size of which is smaller than the diameter of the micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles, so as to facilitate the free passage of water mist and gas.

[0014] In a preferred implementation, further, the dedicated water storage tank also includes a conduit and a water injection pipe assembly, the bottom of the conduit is loaded into the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber through the second air outlet, the bottom of the water injection pipe assembly is inserted into the conduit, and the top thereof extends out from the second air outlet, the outlet end is funnel-shaped, and an air filter is installed at the columnar portion of the end.

[0015] In a preferred implementation, further, the water injection pipe assembly includes an upper water injection pipe, a lower water injection pipe and a one-way valve, the upper water injection pipe and the lower water injection pipe are connected by the one-way valve, the air filter is installed on the top of the upper water injection pipe, and is used to filter the air entering the dedicated water storage tank, and the one-way valve is used to prevent the water in the dedicated water storage tank from being squeezed out due to excessive pressure in the tank.

[0016] In a preferred implementation, further, the bottoms of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber are respectively provided with a first groove and a second groove, and the ultrasonic water mist generator is seated in the first groove.

[0017] In a preferred implementation, further, a plurality of fine holes are arranged on the wall of the conduit, and the pore size thereof is smaller than the diameter of the hydrogen-producing mineral particles. The bottom end of the conduit is seated in the second groove, and the top end of the conduit is inserted into the bottle mouth of the hydrogen-producing chamber but does not extend out of the bottle mouth.

[0018] In a preferred implementation, it further includes a mist one-way valve, a solenoid valve and a mist output pipe; the two ends of the mist output pipe are respectively connected to the first air outlet and the engine air intake pipe, and the mist one-way valve and the solenoid valve are sequentially arranged on the mist output pipe from the first air outlet end to the engine air intake pipe end.

[0019] In a preferred implementation, further, the connection end of the mist output pipe and the engine air intake pipe is located after the engine throttle.

[0020] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for using any one of the above engine energy saving devices, the method comprising: Step 1: Build an engine test bench and install the engine energy-saving device on the engine. Calibrate under different working conditions to determine the supply amount of the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture that meets the engine performance requirements or meets the predetermined emission standards. Generate a solenoid valve opening control MAP based on the calibration results and store the MAP in the engine controller. Step 2: The engine controller searches for the control MAP based on the real-time feedback signals from the speed sensor, throttle sensor, exhaust temperature sensor and exhaust oxygen concentration sensor, and obtains the solenoid valve opening control value corresponding to the water mist and hydrogen mixture supply amount that meets the engine performance requirements or meets the predetermined emission standards under the current working conditions; Step 3: The engine controller monitors the water level in the water tank in real time based on the liquid level sensor. When the water level is sufficient, the supply amount of the water mist and hydrogen mixture is set according to the engine speed and load, and the working intensity of the ultrasonic water mist generator is adjusted by regulating the power supply current; when the water level is insufficient, the power supply is stopped and a water replenishment prompt is triggered; Step 4: The engine controller detects the exhaust temperature T and the excess air coefficient λ in real time. When T exceeds the set upper limit and λ is lower than the lower limit, it adjusts by increasing the power supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator and the opening of the solenoid valve until λ reaches the set value λ=1 and T recovers below the limit, or the adjustment amount reaches the upper limit. At the same time, the detection signal is fed back to the controller to form a closed-loop control.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: First, the engine energy-saving device of the present invention uses an ultrasonic water mist generator to atomize water and then inhale it into the engine together with hydrogen. Hydrogen has a high combustion speed and calorific value, which can accelerate the combustion process of fuel and improve the completeness of combustion, thereby improving the power output and efficiency of the engine. The room-temperature water mist generated by the device quickly vaporizes in a high-temperature environment, absorbs a large amount of heat, and reduces the temperature of the combustion chamber. This cooling effect can avoid the occurrence of knocking, ensure the smooth combustion of fuel, and then reduce incomplete combustion, reduce fuel consumption, and reduce the emission of harmful gases such as NOx and HC through the auxiliary combustion of hydrogen and water mist, which is conducive to environmental protection and meets more stringent emission standards; when the engine is working at partial load, the water mist is in a gaseous state, which is conducive to reducing the vacuum behind the throttle, reducing pump air loss, and improving the high-efficiency working area of ​​the engine, which is very beneficial to broadening the working range of hybrid engines or range extenders; Second, in a preferred implementation, the present invention divides the dedicated water storage tank into an ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen producing chamber by a permeable partition, so that water atomization and hydrogen generation are carried out in a relatively independent environment, avoiding mutual interference, thereby ensuring that the generation process of water mist and hydrogen is more stable and efficient. The aperture of the first fine hole on the permeable partition is smaller than the diameter of the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles, effectively preventing the mineral particles from entering the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber, avoiding the problem of particles blocking the ultrasonic water mist generator or other components, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment; Third, in the preferred implementation, the present invention uses a buoy design to keep the ultrasonic water mist generator at an optimal depth of 3mm-5mm below the liquid surface. When operating at a shallow water level, the water molecules can be more efficiently vibrated into tiny water mist particles, ensuring the fineness and uniformity of the water mist, thereby improving the mixing effect of the water mist with air and hydrogen. Fourth, in a preferred implementation, the bottom of the conduit of the present invention extends into the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber through the second gas outlet, and the bottom of the water injection pipe assembly extends into the conduit to avoid gas accumulation or blockage by mineral particles. The one-way valve between the upper water injection pipe and the lower water injection pipe ensures that air can only enter the dedicated water storage tank in one direction to prevent gas from flowing out, thereby ensuring the stability of the hydrogen generation process; the air filter is installed on the top of the upper water injection pipe to effectively filter the air entering the dedicated water storage tank, prevent impurities or pollutants in the external air from entering the system, and ensure the purity of the entire hydrogen generation and water atomization process; Fifth, in the preferred implementation, the first groove of the present invention makes the ultrasonic water mist generator always in the low liquid level area in the dedicated water storage tank. Even if the water level in the dedicated water storage tank is low, water can still gather in the groove, ensuring that the water mist generator can continue to work, improving the utilization rate of the water stored in the tank, and avoiding the interruption of atomization or the decrease of efficiency due to the low liquid level. The distribution position of the second fine holes at the bottom of the lower water injection pipe is flush with the pit entrance of the second groove. Such an arrangement can prevent the hydrogen generated in the water storage tank from escaping into the outside atmosphere through the water injection pipe; Sixth, in a preferred implementation, the hydrogen of the present invention is mixed with air after the throttle valve and then enters the cylinder. Since the combustion speed of hydrogen is faster than that of conventional fuel, it can promote the complete combustion of fuel, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and reducing the emission of harmful substances caused by incomplete combustion; Seventh, the engine energy saving implementation method of the present invention dynamically adjusts the supply of hydrogen and water mist through the engine controller combined with the exhaust temperature sensor and the throttle sensor to achieve efficient combustion and emission reduction. The optimal water mist and hydrogen mixture supply is calibrated through the engine bench test to form a control MAP to ensure that the air supply accurately matches the engine demand under different working conditions. The exhaust temperature is used as a correction parameter to adjust the solenoid valve opening according to temperature fluctuations to avoid high temperature causing knock or low temperature causing a decrease in combustion efficiency. This method automatically optimizes combustion efficiency, reduces fuel consumption, and effectively reduces emissions under different loads and speeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of an engine energy-saving device for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a flow chart of an implementation method of an engine energy-saving device for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Among them, 1-dedicated water storage tank; 2-micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles; 3-conduit; 4-water injection pipe assembly; 401-upper water injection pipe; 402-lower water injection pipe; 403-one-way valve; 5-hydrogen production chamber bottle cap; 6-air filter; 7-permeable partition; 8-mist outlet bottle cap; 9-ultrasonic water mist generator; 10-mist one-way valve; 11-engine controller; 12-solenoid valve; 13-throttle; 14-engine intake pipe; 15-cylinder; 16-exhaust temperature sensor; 17-exhaust oxygen concentration sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] The terms such as up, down, left, right, front and back in this application document are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings. If the drawings are different, the corresponding positional relationships may also change accordingly, so they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection.

[0026] In this application, the terms "install", "connected", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or mutual communication, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, the internal connection of two components, or the interaction relationship between two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] Example 1 Refer to the instruction manual Figure 1The present invention records an engine energy-saving device for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles, the device comprising a special water tank 1 and an ultrasonic water mist generator 9 arranged inside the special water tank 1. A permeable partition 7 is provided inside the special water tank 1, and the permeable partition 7 separates the special water tank 1 into an ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen producing chamber. The special water tank 1 contains water, and micro-hydrogen producing mineral particles 2 of a certain height are placed at the bottom of the mineral particle hydrogen producing chamber, and the micro-hydrogen producing mineral particles 2 are used to react with water to produce hydrogen. The ultrasonic water mist generator 9 is maintained at a certain depth below the liquid surface of the special water tank 1 by a buoy, thereby ensuring a stable continuous atomization effect of water. The dedicated water tank 1 is provided with a first air outlet connected to the engine intake pipe 14. The water in the dedicated water tank 1 is atomized by the ultrasonic water mist generator 9. The generated water mist at room temperature carries hydrogen generated by the reaction of the mineral particles. The first air outlet is used to introduce the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture into the engine intake pipe, and participate in the engine combustion as a working medium, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. When the engine is running, the negative pressure in the engine cylinder draws the water mist and hydrogen in the dedicated water tank 1 into the engine intake system through the intake pipe 14. On the one hand, this device provides sufficient reaction space for the contact between the micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 and water, ensuring the continuous generation of hydrogen; on the other hand, the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 efficiently atomizes the water in the dedicated water tank 1. Due to the generation of water mist and hydrogen, the pressure in the water tank is higher than the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the engine intake pipe. Hydrogen and water mist are guided to the engine intake pipe, mixed with fuel for combustion, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the fuel and achieving energy-saving effects.

[0028] Preferably, the height of the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 in the dedicated water storage tank 1 is ≤ one quarter of the height of the dedicated water storage tank 1. The first air outlet of the dedicated water storage tank 1 is located at the top of the tank body.

[0029] Micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 use ceramic-based mineral particles containing highly active metals. These metals are doped in the ceramic-based mineral particles and can slowly decompose water molecules when in contact with water to generate hydrogen and metal hydroxide. The main principle is to rely on magnesium ( ) and other active metals and water ( ) undergoes a replacement reaction to generate hydrogen ( ) and magnesium hydroxide ( ). Its basic chemical reaction equation is:

[0030] Compared with traditional hydrogen production methods, traditional hydrogen production, such as water electrolysis, natural gas reforming hydrogen production, or fossil fuel catalytic cracking hydrogen production, usually requires a high temperature and high pressure environment or consumes a lot of electricity. This not only has high energy costs, but also usually releases a large amount of carbon dioxide, making it difficult to achieve the real energy saving goal. The mineral particles of the present invention react with water to generate hydrogen without heating or high pressure environment, and can be carried out at room temperature and pressure, which greatly reduces energy consumption, utilizes abundant metal resources in nature (such as magnesium or aluminum), has a simple reaction device structure, and is easy to control the reaction process. No complex catalyst or reaction device is required. The hydrogen generation process does not emit harmful gases, and the by-product magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and other substances are harmless to the environment.

[0031] In a preferred implementation, in order to further improve the reaction stability and service life of the mineral particles, a nano-scale coating is applied to the surface of the particles. The coating is generally composed of oxides, hydroxides or other highly stable nanoparticles, such as aluminum oxide ( )、Titanium dioxide( ) or rare earth element oxides. Nano coatings are used to prevent mineral particles from forming an inactive oxide layer (i.e., a passivation layer) too quickly when reacting with water. This passivation layer prevents water molecules from further contacting the metal, thereby significantly reducing the rate of hydrogen release. Nano coatings can delay this passivation phenomenon, ensure the continued activity of the particles, and control the rate at which water molecules penetrate into the metal surface, thereby achieving controllable and uniform hydrogen release.

[0032] The ultrasonic water mist generator 9 converts electrical energy into mechanical vibration energy to vibrate the water in the special water tank 1 into fine water mist particles at room temperature without heating and vaporization. Specifically, the ultrasonic water mist generator uses piezoelectric crystals or vibration elements. When a low-voltage power supply (usually 12V or 24V) is connected through a control circuit, the piezoelectric crystal generates high-frequency vibrations, and the frequency is usually in the range of 1.7MHz to 2.4MHz. This high-frequency vibration forms high-speed fluctuations in the water, so that water molecules are vibrated into tiny atomized particles. These fine water mist particles are sucked into the engine's intake pipe 14 through the first air outlet of the special water tank 1, and then enter the engine cylinder to mix with the air and participate in combustion.

[0033] The ultrasonic water mist generator 9 is connected to the engine controller 11 through a signal line, and a liquid level sensor is provided inside the ultrasonic water mist generator 9. When the liquid level in the dedicated water tank drops to a certain level, the liquid level sensor will feed back a signal to the engine controller 11, and the engine controller 11 will disconnect the power switch of the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 to prevent dry burning damage, and feed back a signal to the entire vehicle to remind the driver to replenish water in time.

[0034] The function of the buoy is to keep the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 at a depth of about 3-5 mm below the liquid level of the dedicated water tank. This depth control ensures that the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 is always immersed in the appropriate liquid level, and as the liquid level in the dedicated water tank changes, the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 can maintain the best atomization state, ensuring continuous and stable water mist generation. In this embodiment, when the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 is working, the liquid level in the dedicated water tank 1 gradually decreases, and the distance between the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 and the liquid surface remains unchanged, always maintained at 3-5 mm.

[0035] The engine energy-saving device of this embodiment is combined with the technology of ultrasonic water mist and mineral particle hydrolysis to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen is generated by the chemical reaction of mineral particles and water, and no external electric energy support is required, which reduces the power consumption of the engine. Compared with the traditional water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, which is particularly suitable for environments with limited electric energy or small vehicles, and helps to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the load of the engine electrical system. In addition, compared with the traditional water electrolysis hydrogen production system, water is fully decomposed into dry hydrogen and oxygen during the electrolysis process. After the room temperature water mist particles generated by the present invention enter the engine cylinder 15, they are rapidly vaporized in a high temperature environment and absorb a large amount of heat. This cooling effect can reduce the combustion temperature in the cylinder 15, thereby reducing the occurrence of knock (also known as knocking) and the generation of nitrogen oxides. Knocking will cause incomplete combustion of fuel, reduce the power of the engine and increase wear. After the water mist is vaporized, it acts as a working medium and participates in the expansion work of the cylinder, which is beneficial to improve the effective thermal efficiency of the engine. Therefore, the cooling effect of the water mist can ensure that the fuel burns more smoothly and completely, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and the power output of the engine.

[0036] Example 2 This embodiment includes all the structures of embodiment 1, and the permeable partition 7 is provided with neatly arranged first fine holes, which are used for the free passage of water mist in the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and gas in the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber. The aperture of the first fine hole is smaller than the diameter of the micro hydrogen production mineral particles 2. In this embodiment, the permeable partition 7 is a rollable plastic plate, the micro hydrogen production mineral particles 2 are selected from mineral particles with a diameter of 3 mm, and the aperture of the first fine hole of the permeable partition 7 is 1-2 mm.

[0037] Since the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the mineral particle hydrogen producing chamber are connected through the system of the permeable partition 7, the liquid levels of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the mineral particle hydrogen producing chamber are at the same level. The ultrasonic water mist generator 9 and the buoy are located in the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber, and the first air outlet is arranged at the top of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber.

[0038] With the structure of this embodiment, the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the mineral particle hydrogen producing chamber are separated by the permeable partition 7, so that the generation of ultrasonic water mist and the hydrolysis reaction of mineral particles can be carried out in a relatively independent environment. The design of the permeable partition 7 also allows the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the mineral particle hydrogen producing chamber to share the same liquid surface, thereby simplifying the liquid level control. The design of the first pore of the permeable partition 7 allows water mist and gas to pass freely without interfering with the distribution or reaction process of the mineral particles, thereby ensuring the independence and stability of hydrogen generation and water mist generation, and optimizing the overall reaction efficiency. The aperture of the first pore of the permeable partition 7 is smaller than the diameter of the mineral particles (1-2mm first pore and 3mm mineral particles), which effectively prevents mineral particles from entering the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber, avoids blockage or equipment damage caused by the entry of particles, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the entire device.

[0039] Example 3 On the basis of Example 2, the engine energy-saving device further comprises a conduit 3, a water injection pipe assembly 4, a hydrogen production chamber bottle cap 5, an air filter 6 and a mist outlet bottle cap 8. The mist outlet bottle cap 8 is connected to the first air outlet.

[0040] A second gas outlet is provided at the top of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber, and the second gas outlet is used to discharge excess gas when the device is working to maintain the pressure balance in the system. The conduit 3 extends into the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber through the second gas outlet, maintaining a certain distance from the bottom surface. This spacing is smaller than the diameter of the micro-hydrogen production mineral particles 2, thereby preventing the particles from entering the conduit 3 through the gap, ensuring that the conduit will not be blocked by the particles. The top of the conduit 3 is installed in the bottle mouth of the hydrogen production chamber, but does not extend out of the bottle mouth, and a thread is provided on the outside. The hydrogen production chamber bottle mouth cover 5 is screwed with the thread at the top of the conduit to firmly fix the conduit inside the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber, ensuring the sealing and stability of the entire device. The hydrogen production chamber bottle mouth cover 5 has a central hole connected to the conduit 3, and the bottom of the water injection pipe assembly 4 extends into the conduit 3 through the central hole, and its top extends from the second gas outlet.

[0041] The water injection pipe assembly 4 includes a water injection pipe and a one-way valve 403. The water injection pipe is composed of two sections: an upper water injection pipe 401 and a lower water injection pipe 402. The two sections of the pipeline are connected by a one-way valve 403, and the one-way valve 403 is used to prevent the water in the special water storage tank 1 from overflowing due to excessive pressure in the tank. The outlet end of the upper water injection pipe 401 is a funnel-shaped structure, and the funnel-shaped structure is used to limit the insertion depth of the water injection pipe assembly in the conduit 3. The upper and lower parts of the outlet end are columnar structures, and an air filter 6 is installed at the columnar structure at the upper part of the outlet end. The air filter 6 is used to filter the air entering the special water storage tank 1 to ensure that the air is clean and free of impurities, and to prevent impurities from entering the system to affect the hydrogen production efficiency or cause blockage. When the liquid level in the special water storage tank 1 drops, the special water storage tank 1 needs to be supplemented with air. When the outside air enters the interior of the special water storage tank 1, it must first be filtered by the air filter 6, and then flow through the one-way valve and enter the special water storage tank 1 through the bottom end of the lower water injection pipe.

[0042] The outer diameters of the upper water injection pipe and the lower water injection pipe are the same and smaller than the inner diameter of the conduit 3. Several second fine holes with a diameter of 1-2 mm are evenly arranged on the wall of the conduit 3, and the pore diameter is smaller than the diameter of the mineral particles 1. The design of these fine holes facilitates the water and gas in the dedicated water storage tank 1 to flow into and out of the conduit 3.

[0043] When the liquid level in the dedicated water storage tank 1 drops, the system needs to add external air to balance the internal pressure. The external air is filtered by the air filter 6 and enters the upper water injection pipe of the water injection pipe assembly, then enters the lower water injection pipe through the one-way valve, and finally enters the dedicated water storage tank 1. The design of the one-way valve can prevent the liquid inside the dedicated water storage tank from flowing back to the outside through the water injection pipe assembly when the pressure is higher than the external atmospheric pressure, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the system.

[0044] Example 4 On the basis of Example 3, a first groove is provided at the bottom of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber of this embodiment, and a second groove is provided at the bottom of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber. The depth of the first groove is the same as the height of the ultrasonic water mist generator 9, and the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 will fall into the first groove. The bottom of the conduit 3 extends into the second groove. The distribution position of the second pores at the bottom of the conduit 3 is flush with the pit entrance of the second groove. The first groove and the second groove are cylindrical structures, and the diameter of the second groove is slightly larger than the diameter of the conduit 3, which can prevent the micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles 2 from entering the conduit 3 to block the gap between the water injection pipe assembly 4 and the conduit 3, thereby hindering the plugging and unplugging of the water injection pipe assembly 4.

[0045] With the structure of this embodiment, when the water in the dedicated water storage tank 1 gradually decreases, the function of the first groove is to gather the residual water in the groove, so that the ultrasonic water mist generator can continue to work efficiently. Since the depth of the groove is the same as the height of the water mist generator, when the water in the dedicated water storage tank is almost exhausted, the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 will sink into the groove, ensuring that the water mist generator can fully utilize the water in the tank to extend the working time of the device, ensuring that when the water in the dedicated water storage tank is close to being exhausted, the device can still maintain a certain output, ensuring the continuous operation of the system, and avoiding the problem of incomplete atomization due to too low water volume. The distribution position of the second pores at the bottom of the lower water injection pipe is flush with the pit entrance of the second groove. This arrangement can prevent the hydrogen generated in the water storage tank 2 from escaping into the outside atmosphere through the water injection pipe.

[0046] Example 5 On the basis of Example 4, the engine energy-saving device further includes a mist check valve 10, a solenoid valve 12 and a mist output pipe. The two ends of the mist output pipe are respectively connected to the first air outlet of the dedicated water storage tank 1 and the engine intake pipe 14. The mist check valve 10 and the solenoid valve 12 are sequentially arranged on the mist output pipe from the first air outlet end to the engine intake pipe 14 end. The solenoid valve 12 is connected to the engine controller 11 through a signal line. A throttle valve 13 is arranged on the engine intake pipe 14. The connection end of the mist output pipe and the engine intake pipe 14 is located at the rear end of the air entering the throttle valve 13. After mixing with the air in the engine intake pipe 14, the mist output pipe enters the cylinder 15 together to participate in the thermodynamic cycle, and the supply of mist is controlled according to the corresponding control method.

[0047] The engine energy-saving device also includes an exhaust temperature sensor 16, a throttle sensor, and an exhaust oxygen concentration sensor 17. The throttle sensor is installed on the throttle 13, directly monitors the opening and position of the throttle, and transmits data to the engine controller 11 by detecting the change in the opening of the throttle. In this way, the engine controller 11 can adjust the intake volume and fuel supply according to the opening of the throttle, thereby optimizing the performance and emission level of the engine. The exhaust temperature sensor 16 and the exhaust oxygen concentration sensor 17 are installed on the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust temperature sensor 16 is used to monitor the exhaust temperature in real time. The exhaust temperature sensor 16 provides the engine controller 11 with exhaust temperature data so as to adjust relevant parameters according to the temperature to ensure that the engine runs within a suitable temperature range, thereby optimizing the combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. The exhaust oxygen concentration sensor 17 is used to measure the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. The oxygen concentration data is sent to the engine controller 11 to help determine whether the combustion is complete, and adjust the fuel injection amount to optimize the combustion effect and reduce emissions. The exhaust oxygen concentration sensor 17 works together with the exhaust temperature sensor 16 to provide important feedback on the combustion process.

[0048] With the structure of this embodiment, the controller can accurately control the supply of hydrogen and water mist according to the operating state of the engine (such as load, speed, etc.) through the connection between the solenoid valve 12 and the engine controller 11. This allows the supply of hydrogen and water mist to be adjusted in real time according to actual needs, avoiding excessive supply or waste of hydrogen, improving combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. The design of the mist check valve 10 ensures that hydrogen and water mist can only flow into the engine intake pipe 14 in one direction, preventing the gas from flowing back into the dedicated water tank 1 or other system components, and ensuring the safety and reliability of the device, especially in the case of engine backfire or pressure fluctuations in the intake pipe. Hydrogen and air are mixed after the throttle 13 and enter the cylinder 15. Since the combustion speed of hydrogen is faster than that of conventional fuel, it can promote the full combustion of fuel, thereby improving combustion efficiency and reducing the emission of harmful substances caused by incomplete combustion, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC). At the same time, the exhaust temperature sensor 16 and the exhaust oxygen concentration sensor 17 cooperate with the adjustment of the engine controller to provide real-time exhaust temperature and oxygen concentration data, further optimize the combustion process, ensure that combustion is carried out under the best conditions, and achieve higher energy efficiency and lower emission levels.

[0049] Example 6 In combination with the above-mentioned embodiments 1-5, the present invention records an implementation method of an engine energy-saving device that uses ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles to produce hydrogen. The method is that the engine controller 11 determines the working state of the ultrasonic water mist generator 9 and the working state of the solenoid valve 12 based on the exhaust temperature sensor 16, the throttle sensor, and the exhaust oxygen concentration sensor 17.

[0050] Methods include: Step 1: Build an engine test bench and install the engine energy-saving device on the engine. Calibrate it under different operating conditions to determine the supply amount of the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture that meets the engine performance requirements or meets the predetermined emission standards. Generate a solenoid valve opening control MAP based on the calibration results and store the MAP in the engine controller.

[0051] The purpose of step 1 is to build an engine test bench and install an engine energy-saving device to accurately calibrate the supply amount of ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture that can meet engine performance requirements or meet predetermined emission standards under different operating conditions, thereby optimizing the supply strategy of hydrogen and water mist. By generating and storing the solenoid valve opening control MAP, the engine controller can accurately control the supply amount to achieve efficient combustion, improve fuel economy and reduce harmful emissions.

[0052] It should be noted that the Electromagnetic Valve Opening Control MAP is a mapping table between the solenoid valve opening and the supply amount, which is set according to the engine's operating conditions (such as load, speed, etc.). It controls the supply of hydrogen and water mist by recording the optimal opening position of the solenoid valve under different operating conditions to ensure that the engine can achieve the best combustion effect and emission performance under various operating conditions. The MAP is connected to the engine controller, so that the solenoid valve can adjust the opening according to real-time data, thereby dynamically adjusting the supply of hydrogen and water mist, optimizing combustion efficiency and reducing emissions.

[0053] Specifically, first build an engine bench for testing to ensure that it has sufficient load-bearing capacity and stability to support the installation and operation of the engine and related equipment. The engine bench test requires the use of special engine bench test equipment in the laboratory, including sensors and computer control systems that can accurately measure engine performance parameters. Sensors include torque sensors, temperature sensors, exhaust gas analyzers, oxygen concentration sensors, etc., which are used to collect engine performance and emission data. The computer control system is used to record and process test data in real time. Install equipment to adjust the intake and exhaust to simulate the operating conditions of different working conditions (idle, partial load, full load, etc.). Fix the engine to the test bench and connect the energy-saving device consisting of an ultrasonic water mist generator, a hydrogen supply device, a solenoid valve, a mist check valve, etc. Check the sealing of all connecting pipes, ensure that there is no leakage in the water mist and hydrogen supply systems, and calibrate the working status of related equipment.

[0054] The test variables of the engine bench test include water mist supply, hydrogen supply, and engine load and speed. During the experiment, the operating frequency and output of the ultrasonic water mist generator were adjusted to obtain engine performance data under different water mist supply conditions. The hydrogen supply was adjusted by controlling the reaction rate of the mineral particle hydrogen production device or the opening of the supply channel, and the impact on combustion efficiency and emissions was recorded. The engine operating parameters, such as speed and load, were adjusted to cover the common operating conditions, including idle, partial load and full load states: the speed increment was set to 200 r / min to gradually increase the engine speed for testing. The load increment was set to 5% of the external characteristic torque to simulate the actual operation from idle to full load.

[0055] At each operating point, adjust the following variables: Water mist supply: By adjusting the operating frequency and output of the ultrasonic water mist generator, the engine performance and emission data under different water mist supply conditions are tested.

[0056] Hydrogen supply: By adjusting the reaction rate of the mineral particle hydrogen production device or the opening of the supply channel, the combustion efficiency and emissions under different hydrogen supply conditions are tested.

[0057] Precision instruments are used to record the main parameters of the engine under different water mist and hydrogen supply levels in real time, including fuel consumption rate, emission data, engine output power and exhaust temperature. Fuel consumption rate measures the fuel consumption per unit time. Emission data records the concentration of harmful substances such as NOx, CO2, HC, etc. in the exhaust gas. Engine output power measures the output power of the engine under different loads. Exhaust temperature monitors the temperature changes of the exhaust system and evaluates the combustion state.

[0058] Based on the test data, the solenoid valve opening control MAP is generated. The specific process includes: taking the engine speed and load as input variables, and the water mist and hydrogen supply as output variables, a multi-dimensional mapping relationship is established. Each MAP unit records the optimal opening position of the solenoid valve under specific working conditions, as well as the corresponding water mist and hydrogen supply.

[0059] Determine the MAP control strategy: Under high load conditions, increase the hydrogen supply to enhance combustion efficiency; under low load conditions, reduce the supply to reduce unnecessary energy consumption and waste.

[0060] Load the generated control MAP into the engine controller and write the control program: The control program enables the engine controller to detect the speed, load and other operating parameters in real time, quickly look up the table and output the corresponding control instructions. Dynamically adjust the supply of water mist and hydrogen through the signal connection with the solenoid valve. Verify the applicability of MAP through multiple tests, and optimize its response speed and accuracy under special working conditions (such as rapid acceleration or deceleration). Adjust the algorithm of the control program (such as PID control) to improve the stability and accuracy of the supply adjustment, and ensure that the engine achieves the best combustion effect in the full range of working conditions.

[0061] Step 2: Based on the real-time feedback signals from the speed sensor, throttle sensor, exhaust temperature sensor and exhaust oxygen concentration sensor, the engine controller searches for the control MAP to obtain the solenoid valve opening control value corresponding to the water mist and hydrogen mixture supply amount that meets the engine performance requirements or meets the predetermined emission standards under the current operating conditions.

[0062] The purpose of step 2 is to monitor the operating status of the engine in real time through sensors, and use the feedback data as the basis for searching the control MAP, so that the engine controller (ECU) can accurately obtain the solenoid valve opening control value corresponding to the optimal supply amount of water mist and hydrogen mixture under the current operating conditions, thereby dynamically adjusting the supply strategy to ensure that the engine achieves efficient combustion, optimizes performance and reduces emissions under various operating conditions.

[0063] Specifically, all sensor data are transmitted to the engine controller via the CAN bus.

[0064] The speed sensor is installed at the engine crankshaft or flywheel position to monitor the rotation speed of the crankshaft in real time and transmit the r / min (revolutions per minute) data to the ECU. The speed signal reflects the load state and running speed of the engine, and serves as an important reference for adjusting the water mist and hydrogen supply to ensure that the engine can maintain efficient combustion under different loads. The throttle sensor is installed at the throttle position to monitor the opening and closing angle of the throttle and send the throttle opening percentage data to the ECU. The throttle signal indicates the driver's throttle input, which directly affects the intake volume and fuel demand. This signal is used to dynamically adjust the water mist and hydrogen supply to match the fuel combustion demand and achieve the best combustion efficiency. The exhaust temperature sensor is installed in the exhaust pipe to measure the temperature of the exhaust gas and transmit the temperature data to the ECU in real time. The exhaust temperature signal reflects the thermal state in the combustion chamber and is an important basis for controlling the water mist supply. Through the temperature signal, the water mist amount can be adjusted to reduce high temperature, reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and optimize combustion efficiency. The exhaust oxygen concentration sensor is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe to detect the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and feed the oxygen concentration signal back to the ECU to determine whether the combustion is sufficient and to assist in the fuel adjustment strategy.

[0065] Each sensor transmits the collected signal to the engine controller in the form of voltage, current or digital signal. The signal processing module in the ECU calibrates and filters the data of each sensor to eliminate noise interference and ensure data accuracy and real-time performance.

[0066] The ECU uses the processed sensor signals as input variables (search quantities), such as speed, load, exhaust temperature and exhaust oxygen concentration. According to the structure of the control MAP (multi-dimensional mapping table), the input variables are used as indexes to find the corresponding water mist and hydrogen mixture supply data under the current working conditions. The output values ​​of each unit in the MAP include the water mist supply, hydrogen supply and solenoid valve opening. The water mist supply is used to optimize the atomization degree and supply rate of the water mist according to the engine combustion requirements. The hydrogen supply is used to determine the optimal hydrogen ratio to improve combustion efficiency and reduce harmful emissions. The solenoid valve opening corresponds to the control instruction of the supply quantity, which is used to dynamically adjust the opening of the solenoid valve.

[0067] The ECU generates a solenoid valve opening control command based on the MAP search results and sends the command to the solenoid valve control module through the signal line. After receiving the command, the solenoid valve accurately adjusts the opening to achieve the supply of water mist and hydrogen mixture that matches the current working conditions.

[0068] As the engine operating conditions change in real time (such as speed, load or exhaust temperature fluctuations), the sensor continuously feeds back the latest data, and the ECU dynamically searches for the control MAP. The ECU adjusts the solenoid valve opening according to the real-time data so that the water mist and hydrogen supply always match the engine demand. Through closed-loop control, the system can achieve optimized combustion and emissions under different operating conditions such as idling, partial load and high load.

[0069] Step 3: The engine controller monitors the water level in the water tank in real time based on the liquid level sensor. When there is sufficient water, the supply of water mist and hydrogen mixture is set according to the engine speed and load, and the working intensity of the ultrasonic water mist generator is adjusted by regulating the power supply current. When the water level is insufficient, the power supply is stopped and a water replenishment prompt is triggered.

[0070] The purpose of step 3 is to monitor the water level in the water tank in real time to ensure that the ultrasonic water mist generator can accurately adjust the water mist supply and the working intensity of the generator according to the engine operating conditions (such as speed and load) when there is sufficient water, so as to achieve the best combustion effect, improve engine performance and reduce emissions; at the same time, when the water level is insufficient, the water mist supply is stopped in time and a water replenishment prompt is issued to avoid abnormal operation or damage of the device and improve the safety and reliability of the system.

[0071] Step 3 includes: Step 3.1: Liquid level monitoring and start condition determination.

[0072] The engine controller analyzes the sensor data (including speed, throttle opening, exhaust temperature and electronic throttle opening) in real time to monitor the water level of the water tank in real time to determine whether the working conditions of the ultrasonic water mist generator are met. When there is sufficient water in the water tank, the engine controller combines the start condition logic expression based on parameters such as speed, load and exhaust temperature: The starting conditions of the ultrasonic water mist generator can be described by a logical expression:

[0073] in: Indicates the working status of the ultrasonic water mist generator, 1 is on, 0 is off; Indicates engine speed (r / min, revolutions per minute); Indicates the set speed threshold; Indicates the exhaust temperature (°C); Indicates the set temperature threshold.

[0074] When condition 1 is met, the engine controller starts the ultrasonic water mist generator; when the water tank level is insufficient or other conditions are not met, the engine controller stops the power supply to the ultrasonic water mist generator, triggers a water replenishment prompt, and stores and outputs relevant status signals to avoid abnormal operation of the device due to insufficient water.

[0075] Step 3.2: Adjust the water mist intensity according to the PWM signal.

[0076] After the ultrasonic water mist generator is started, the engine controller adjusts the supply current through the PWM signal (Pulse Width Modulation signal) according to the settings in the control MAP, and dynamically adjusts the vibration intensity of the ultrasonic water mist generator, thereby accurately controlling the amount of water mist generated. The specific process is as follows: 1. Collect engine operating data (such as speed, load, exhaust temperature, etc.) in real time, and find the current required water mist supply by controlling MAP and vibration intensity .

[0077] It should be noted that the engine controller continuously receives sensor data (such as speed, load, exhaust temperature, etc.) and determines the current operating condition of the engine based on these parameters. The engine controller uses these operating condition parameters as indexes to find the corresponding water mist supply and vibration intensity setting values ​​in the control MAP. For example, if the engine is running under high load and high exhaust temperature, the control MAP may provide a higher water mist supply. Based on the water mist supply and vibration intensity setting values ​​obtained from the table, the engine controller calculates the power supply current required by the ultrasonic water mist generator and converts the power supply current into a PWM signal. The vibration intensity of the water mist generator is controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of the signal. The higher the duty cycle, the greater the vibration intensity of the water mist generator and the more water mist is generated; the lower the duty cycle, the lower the vibration intensity and the less water mist. The engine controller maintains the optimal water mist generation rate by continuously searching the control MAP and adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal.

[0078] The amount of water mist generated by the ultrasonic water mist generator per unit time can be expressed as follows:

[0079] Where: Indicates the amount of water mist generated per unit time (unit: L / s or g / s), that is, the target amount of water mist generated by the PWM signal; It represents the amount of water mist generated per unit vibration frequency, and is a proportionality coefficient determined experimentally; Indicates the vibration frequency of the water mist generator (unit: Hz).

[0080] It should be noted that The experimental method is: operate the ultrasonic water mist generator at different vibration frequencies f, and use an accurate flow meter or weighing equipment to measure the target water mist volume corresponding to each frequency. , plot frequency f and target water mist amount Assuming that the two are linearly related, the slope is calculated by linear fitting. , that is, the amount of water mist generated per unit vibration frequency.

[0081] 2. PWM duty cycle D represents the percentage of vibration intensity, that is, f for the maximum vibration frequency Calculate the duty cycle D of the PWM signal:

[0082] It should be noted that The operating frequency range of an ultrasonic water mist generator, including the maximum vibration frequency, is usually provided in the equipment manufacturer's technical specifications.

[0083] Use closed-loop control logic: the engine controller monitors the actual supply flow in real time With target value The deviation e(t) = - , using PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the PWM signal duty cycle D, so that Approach , to ensure the stability of water mist supply. The output formula of the PID controller is:

[0084] in, is the duty cycle at the current moment; , , are the proportional, integral and differential gain coefficients (obtained through experimental debugging); is the deviation between the actual supply flow and the target value; It is the accumulated deviation, used to eliminate the steady-state error; is the deviation change rate, which is used to improve dynamic response.

[0085] When the working conditions change drastically (such as sudden changes in engine speed or load), directly changing the duty cycle may cause fluctuations in the supply amount. For this reason, a smooth adjustment area is set, and the linear interpolation method is used to gradually adjust the target supply amount for a smooth transition.

[0086] Assuming the working condition is at time Mutation, the new target supply is , the linear interpolation formula is: , t

[0087] in, is the target supply before the mutation; is the target supply after the mutation; T is the interpolation time period, which is used to control the speed of smooth adjustment.

[0088] Set interpolation constraints: t< hour, ; t≥ hour, .

[0089] Furthermore, according to the target supply after smooth adjustment , calculate the vibration frequency and the corresponding duty cycle :

[0090] =

[0091] in, is the proportional coefficient between the amount of water mist generated and the vibration frequency; is the maximum vibration frequency.

[0092] According to the adjusted Generate PWM signal to control the ultrasonic water mist generator, realize dynamic closed-loop adjustment, and avoid the impact of supply fluctuation on engine performance.

[0093] Step 3.3: Solenoid valve opening control.

[0094] The engine controller searches for the target hydrogen supply amount by controlling the MAP according to the current operating conditions. , and calculate the opening A of the solenoid valve:

[0095] Where: Indicates the opening degree of the solenoid valve (percentage, %); Indicates the hydrogen supply amount set in MAP; It indicates the flow coefficient of the solenoid valve, that is, the water mist flow rate that the solenoid valve can provide at a specific opening, usually calibrated through experiments.

[0096] The engine controller generates a PWM signal, dynamically adjusts the solenoid valve supply current according to the opening requirements, and monitors the actual supply flow in real time Target hydrogen supply The closed-loop control logic is used to adjust the PWM signal duty cycle D to ensure that the solenoid valve gas supply is always consistent with the current working condition requirements. Under low load or other special conditions, the engine controller reduces the hydrogen supply by reducing the solenoid valve opening to avoid energy waste. When the working conditions change drastically, a smooth transition adjustment strategy is adopted to combine the control MAP with the current feedback signal to gradually optimize the solenoid valve opening to maintain the stability and efficiency of the gas supply.

[0097] For example, the data collected by the sensor include engine speed 3500 r / min, throttle opening 80%, and exhaust temperature 700°C. Based on this data, the engine control system recognizes that the engine is in a high-load condition, searches for the control MAP, and obtains the required hydrogen supply amount. is 2.0L / s, assuming the flow coefficient of the solenoid valve is 0.05, and the solenoid valve opening A is calculated to be 40%. The engine controller generates a PWM signal with a duty cycle of 40% to control the solenoid valve opening, so that more hydrogen is supplied to the engine to improve combustion efficiency.

[0098] Step 4: The engine controller detects the exhaust temperature T and the excess air coefficient λ in real time. When T exceeds the set upper limit and λ is lower than the lower limit, it adjusts by increasing the power supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator and the opening of the solenoid valve until λ reaches the set value λ=1 and T recovers below the limit, or the adjustment amount reaches the upper limit. At the same time, the detection signal is fed back to the controller to form a closed-loop control.

[0099] The purpose of step 4 is to dynamically adjust the supply of water mist and hydrogen mixture by real-time detection of exhaust temperature T and excess air coefficient λ, ensuring that the engine can quickly recover to a safe and efficient operating state under high load or abnormal conditions. Through closed-loop control logic, the power supply current and solenoid valve opening of the ultrasonic water mist generator are accurately adjusted to avoid thermal damage caused by excessively high exhaust temperature and incomplete combustion caused by too low excess air coefficient, thereby optimizing combustion efficiency, reducing energy consumption and emissions, and achieving the best energy-saving effect and safety performance of engine operation.

[0100] Specifically, the temperature sensor installed in the exhaust pipe monitors the exhaust temperature T in real time. The sensor converts T into an electrical signal and transmits it to the engine control unit (ECU). The detection range of the exhaust temperature T is usually 0℃ to 1000℃, and the resolution is controlled within ±1℃.

[0101] The exhaust gas oxygen concentration sensor detects the oxygen content in the exhaust gas and calculates the excess air coefficient:

[0102] When λ<1, it means the mixture is too rich; when λ>1, it means the mixture is too lean. The oxygen concentration detection accuracy of the sensor must be within the range of ±0.01 to ensure the accuracy of real-time feedback.

[0103] Set control objectives and constraints: Control target: exhaust temperature T is controlled below the set maximum limit (usually set to 800°C). Excess air coefficient λ\ is controlled above the minimum limit (usually set to λ=1).

[0104] Limitation conditions: When the adjustment amount of water mist and hydrogen supply reaches the maximum capacity of the equipment operation, the system stops adjusting and issues a warning signal.

[0105] Further, closed-loop control of adjustment parameters: First, calculate the exhaust temperature deviation and excess air coefficient deviation , , when >0 and When > 0, the adjustment logic is started. Otherwise, the current supply is maintained.

[0106] The regulation logic includes water mist supply quantity adjustment and hydrogen supply quantity adjustment.

[0107] The water mist supply is adjusted according to and Increase the power supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator, and the adjustment formula is:

[0108] in, is the new supply current; is the current supply current; and are the adjustment gain coefficients of exhaust temperature and excess air coefficient respectively.

[0109] The hydrogen supply amount is adjusted by increasing the opening of the solenoid valve:

[0110] in, is the opening of the new solenoid valve; is the current solenoid valve opening; is the gain factor related to the excess air ratio.

[0111] To set a maximum supply capacity limit: ≤ , ≤ When the supply reaches the upper limit and still cannot meet the control target, a warning signal is triggered.

[0112] Furthermore, the closed-loop control logic is determined. The system detects the new exhaust temperature T and excess air coefficient in real time. , update deviation and . Repeat the adjustment logic until T≤ and ≥ . Use PID control algorithm to reduce oscillation during regulation and improve dynamic response capability:

[0113]

[0114] The abnormality handling mechanism includes abnormality handling for sensor failure and over-supply capacity. When the exhaust temperature sensor or oxygen concentration sensor detects an abnormal signal (such as exceeding the physical range or signal loss), the system switches to the default safety mode, stops the water mist and hydrogen supply, and issues a fault warning. When the supply reaches the maximum capacity of the equipment and cannot meet the control target, an alarm is triggered to prompt the user to check the engine operation status.

[0115] Example 7 This embodiment uses a medium-displacement naturally aspirated gasoline engine, specifically a four-cylinder in-line internal combustion engine, with a displacement of 2.0 liters, a maximum power of 110 kW (150 horsepower), a compression ratio of 10.5:1, a liquid cooling system, and a fuel injection method of port injection (PFI). In order to study the impact of ultrasonic water mist and water hydrogen production technology on engine performance, the engine performance was tested without and with the energy-saving device installed.

[0116] Experimental method: In a laboratory environment, install the engine on the test bench and ensure that all sensors and measuring instruments are correctly connected. Connect the fuel supply system and check the engine status to ensure that there is no oil leakage or other abnormalities. The energy-saving device is installed as follows: Integrate the ultrasonic water mist and mineral particle hydrogen production device into the engine intake system, check the power supply and water connection of the device, and ensure that the ultrasonic water mist generator and micro hydrogen production mineral particles are in the best working condition. Debug the device to ensure its stable operation under different engine operating conditions. Compare the power performance, fuel economy and emission temperature of the test engine at different speeds (1000-6000 r / min).

[0117] The torque test process includes: Setting the speed range: gradually adjust the engine speed to the range set by the experiment (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000 r / min). Keep the engine running stably for a period of time at each speed point, measure the output torque through the torque sensor, and record the data. Repeat the test 3 times for each data point to obtain the average value and reduce the error. Compare the torque data without and with the device installed to analyze the impact of the device on the power performance.

[0118] The fuel consumption rate test process includes: using a high-precision flow meter to measure the fuel consumption rate (g / kW·h) of the engine at each speed point. Ensure that the fuel supply system has no fluctuations to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data. Record the fuel consumption data when the device is not installed and when it is installed, and calculate the energy saving rate of both. Record the fuel consumption data when the device is not installed and when it is installed, and calculate the energy saving rate of both.

[0119] The exhaust temperature test includes: installing a high-precision temperature sensor at the engine exhaust port to monitor the exhaust temperature in real time. To improve data accuracy, a high-temperature resistant sensor is used to avoid ambient temperature interference. The engine is run at each speed and the data is recorded after the exhaust temperature stabilizes. The data collection at each speed point is repeated 3 times to ensure stability.

[0120] The water consumption test process includes: measuring the water consumption of the device through a water flow sensor, recording the water consumption data at each speed point, ensuring that the water mist generator works properly and the water mist particles are evenly distributed, gradually increasing the engine speed, monitoring the changes in water consumption, and analyzing the water consumption characteristics of the device under different loads.

[0121] Finally, all the experimental data were sorted out and summarized, and the torque increase, fuel consumption reduction percentage, exhaust temperature drop value and water consumption change law were calculated. The experimental data are shown in Table 1.

[0122] Table 1

[0123] From Table 1 we can see that: Torque (N•m) comparison results: At all test speeds, the engine torque increased after installing the energy-saving device of this application, especially in the medium and high speed range. For example: at 5000 r / min, it was 183.0N•m when the device was not installed, and it was 191.8 N•m after the device was installed, an increase of 8.8 N•m (about 4.8%). At 3500 r / min, it was 169.8 N•m when the device was not installed, and it was 176.5 N•m after the device was installed, an increase of 6.7 N•m (about 3.9%). The increase in torque shows that the energy-saving device improves the combustion efficiency, and the auxiliary combustion of hydrogen improves the heat energy conversion rate, so that the engine can output more power under the same working conditions, especially at medium and high speeds.

[0124] Fuel consumption rate (g / kW·h) comparison results: After installing the energy-saving device of this application, the fuel consumption rate of the engine is significantly reduced, especially at high speed. For example: at 6000 r / min, it is 337.2g / kW·h when the device is not installed, and it is 265.9 g / kW·h after the device is installed, which is a decrease of 71.3 g / kW·h (about 21.1%). At 4500 r / min, it is 300.6 g / kW·h when the device is not installed, and it is 244.3 g / kW·h after the device is installed, which is a decrease of 56.3 g / kW·h (about 18.7%). The reduction in fuel consumption rate shows that the device significantly improves fuel utilization. The participation of hydrogen makes combustion more complete and reduces fuel waste. At the same time, the cooling effect of water mist reduces knocking, which helps to improve overall fuel economy.

[0125] Comparison results of exhaust temperature (K): The exhaust temperature decreased overall, especially in the high speed range. For example, at 6000 r / min, it was 1048.1 K without the device installed, and 1018.0 K after the device was installed, a decrease of 30.1 K. At 4000 r / min, it was 1002.9 K without the device installed, and 990.4 K after the device was installed, a decrease of 12.5 K. The decrease in exhaust temperature shows that the vaporization heat absorption effect of water mist is significant, which reduces the temperature in the combustion chamber, thereby reducing the risk of knocking and improving emission characteristics. This cooling effect has positive significance for the long-term operation and environmental performance of the engine.

[0126] Water consumption (kg / h) analysis results: Water consumption gradually increased from 0.6 kg / h at 1000 r / min to 7.4 kg / h at 6000 r / min, showing a water mist output that matches the engine load. Water consumption increases with speed, indicating that the device can dynamically adjust the water mist output according to the engine load to ensure sufficient cooling effect and combustion optimization at high loads.

[0127] In the engine energy-saving control method of the present invention, under different operating conditions of the engine, the controller comprehensively considers the speed, load (via throttle opening feedback) and exhaust temperature, and dynamically adjusts the supply of hydrogen and water mist mixture. Under high load and low speed, the hydrogen supply may be increased to improve combustion efficiency, while under high temperature and high load conditions, the amount of water mist is increased to cool the combustion chamber and control emissions. The entire process is automated to ensure that the engine can maintain efficient combustion and low emissions under different operating conditions.

[0128] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, so it is intended to include all changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. An engine energy-saving device for producing hydrogen using ultrasonic water mist and mineral particles, characterized in that: The invention comprises a special water storage tank (1), micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles (2) and an ultrasonic water mist generator (9); a permeable partition (7) is provided in the special water storage tank (1), and the permeable partition (7) divides the special water storage tank (1) into an ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and a mineral particle hydrogen-producing chamber; the special water storage tank (1) contains water, and the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles (2) are placed at the bottom of the mineral particle hydrogen-producing chamber, and the micro hydrogen-producing mineral particles (2) are used to react with water to generate hydrogen; the special water storage tank (1) is provided with a first air outlet connected to an engine air intake pipe and a second air outlet connected to the atmospheric environment; The ultrasonic water mist generator (9) is located 3 mm to 5 mm below the liquid level of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber of the dedicated water storage tank (1), and is used to atomize liquid water into gaseous water mist at room temperature, so that the generated water mist and hydrogen are sucked into the cylinder through the first air outlet during the engine intake process and participate in work as a working medium.

2. The engine energy saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic water mist generator (9) is located in the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and has a built-in liquid level sensor; the first air outlet is located at the top of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and is sealed by a mist outlet bottle cap (8); the top of the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber is provided with a second air outlet and is sealed by a hydrogen production chamber bottle cap (5).

3. The engine energy saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable partition (7) is provided with neatly arranged fine pores, the pore diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the micro-hydrogen-producing mineral particles (2), so as to facilitate the free passage of water mist and gas.

4. The engine energy saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dedicated water storage tank (1) further comprises a conduit (3) and a water injection pipe assembly (4); the bottom of the conduit (3) is loaded into the mineral particle hydrogen production chamber through the second gas outlet; the bottom of the water injection pipe assembly (4) is inserted into the conduit (3), and the top thereof extends out from the second gas outlet; the outlet end is funnel-shaped, and an air filter element (6) is installed at the columnar portion of the end.

5. The engine energy saving device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water injection pipe assembly (4) comprises an upper water injection pipe (401), a lower water injection pipe (402) and a one-way valve (403); the upper water injection pipe (401) and the lower water injection pipe (402) are connected via the one-way valve (403); the air filter (6) is mounted on the top of the upper water injection pipe and is used to filter the air entering the dedicated water storage tank (1); the one-way valve (403) is used to prevent the water in the dedicated water storage tank (1) from being squeezed out due to excessive pressure in the tank.

6. The engine energy saving device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottoms of the ultrasonic water mist generating chamber and the mineral particle hydrogen producing chamber are respectively provided with a first groove and a second groove, and the ultrasonic water mist generator (9) is seated in the first groove.

7. The engine energy saving device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of fine holes are arranged on the wall of the conduit (3), the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the hydrogen-producing mineral particles. The bottom end of the conduit (3) is seated in the second groove, and the top end of the conduit (3) is inserted into the bottle mouth of the hydrogen-producing chamber but does not extend out of the bottle mouth.

8. The engine energy saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a mist check valve (10), a solenoid valve (12) and a mist output pipe; the two ends of the mist output pipe are respectively connected to the first air outlet and the engine air intake pipe, and the mist check valve (10) and the solenoid valve (12) are arranged in sequence on the mist output pipe from the first air outlet end to the engine air intake pipe end.

9. The engine energy saving device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The connection end of the mist output pipe and the engine air intake pipe is located behind the engine throttle.

10. A method for implementing the engine energy saving device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Specifically include: Step 1: Build an engine test bench and install the engine energy-saving device on the engine. Calibrate under different working conditions to determine the supply amount of the ultrasonic water mist and hydrogen mixture that meets the engine performance requirements or meets the predetermined emission standards. Generate a solenoid valve opening control MAP based on the calibration results and store the MAP in the engine controller. Step 2: The engine controller searches for the control MAP based on the real-time feedback signals from the speed sensor, throttle sensor, exhaust temperature sensor and exhaust oxygen concentration sensor, and obtains the solenoid valve opening control value corresponding to the water mist and hydrogen mixture supply amount that meets the engine performance requirements or meets the predetermined emission standards under the current working conditions; Step 3: The engine controller monitors the water level in the water tank in real time based on the liquid level sensor. When the water level is sufficient, the supply amount of the water mist and hydrogen mixture is set according to the engine speed and load, and the working intensity of the ultrasonic water mist generator is adjusted by regulating the power supply current; when the water level is insufficient, the power supply is stopped and a water replenishment prompt is triggered; Step 4: The engine controller detects the exhaust temperature T and the excess air coefficient λ in real time. When T exceeds the set upper limit and λ is lower than the lower limit, it adjusts by increasing the power supply current of the ultrasonic water mist generator and the opening of the solenoid valve until λ reaches the set value λ=1 and T recovers below the limit, or the adjustment amount reaches the upper limit. At the same time, the detection signal is fed back to the controller to form a closed-loop control.

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