Large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device

Abstract

The invention provides a large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device comprises a top platform; the experimental water tank main body is connected with the gate; a plurality of monitoring mechanisms are arranged in the experimental water tank main body; and the apron is positioned on one side, far away from the top platform, of the experimental water tank main body. In the application, the top platform is a landslide and debris flow formation area; the experimental water tank main body is used for simulating the movement of mountain disasters, and a plurality of monitoring mechanisms are arranged in the experimental water tank main body, so that the debris flow movement accumulation process can be monitored in the whole process and the full time sequence; the apron is used for accurately simulating the accumulation area of mountain disasters. The device can simulate large-scale most real mountain disasters and truly reflect a dynamic mechanism of prototypes of mountain disasters such as debris flow, so that a regulation and control mechanism of prevention and control engineering on the mountain disasters is disclosed, a theoretical basis and technical support are provided for new methods and new measures for mountain disaster prevention and control in China, and engineering design and disaster reduction are effectively guided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock, soil and geological engineering, and in particular to a large-scale mountain disaster flume experimental device. Background Art

[0002] Mountain disasters such as landslides, debris flows and flash floods are natural disasters that are widely distributed around the world. They break out suddenly, move fast, and have great impact force. They can instantly destroy bridge piers, houses, and roadbeds, seriously threatening mountain towns, water conservancy and hydropower projects, trunk roads (railways), oil and gas pipelines, and the safety of life and property of the general public, destroying the ecological environment of mountainous areas, and causing huge disasters around the world. In view of the great mobility and amazing impact (destructive power) of mountain disaster bodies such as debris flows, flash floods, high-speed and long-distance landslides and debris flows, in order to reduce their harm to the safety of life and property of the people, in addition to establishing blocking structures to implement engineering prevention and control, afforestation to strengthen soil and water conservation, and installing early warning and forecasting systems to warn in advance, the most urgent scientific and technological problem to be solved is how to clearly understand the dynamic characteristics of multiphase media (solid, liquid, gas) such as debris flows, flash floods, high-speed and long-distance landslides and debris flows, as well as their interaction mechanism with prevention and control structures, reveal their dynamic processes and the regulatory effects of prevention and control projects on them, predict the movement trajectory and movement distance of these mountain disasters, and determine their impact range.

[0003] The existing simulation experimental equipment is small in scale and cannot solve the problems caused by scale effects in mountain disaster experiments. In addition, the data collected by the experimental equipment is not intelligent enough and the collected parameters are limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides a large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device, which can solve the problem that the current simulation experimental device is small in scale and cannot reflect the dynamic characteristics of a large-scale prototype.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device, the large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device comprising:

[0006] Top platform;

[0007] An experimental water tank body, the experimental water tank body is connected to the gate, the experimental water tank body comprises a first water tank and a second water tank connected to the first water tank, the slope of the first water tank is greater than the slope of the second water tank, and the first water tank is connected to the gate; a plurality of monitoring mechanisms are arranged in the experimental water tank body;

[0008] A guard tank is located on a side of the experimental water tank body away from the top platform.

[0009] In one embodiment, the length of the first water trough is 55m to 65m, the width of the first water trough is 5.5m to 6.5m, the depth of the first water trough is 3.5m to 4.5m, and the slope of the first water trough is 14° to 18°; the length of the second water trough is 75m to 85m, the width of the second water trough is 5.5m to 6.5m, the depth of the second water trough is 3.5m to 4.5m, and the slope of the second water trough is 28° to 36°.

[0010] In one embodiment, the top platform includes a material box, a water pool and an artificial rainfall mechanism. The bottom of the material box is inclined, an openable gate is provided on one side of the material box, the water pool is located on the side of the material box away from the gate, and multiple rows of through holes are provided at the position adjacent to the water pool and the artificial rainfall mechanism is located above the material box.

[0011] In one embodiment, the top of the gate is hinged to the material box, and an automatic locking mechanism is provided at the bottom of the gate; support hinge seats are provided on both sides of the top of the gate, and steel wire ropes are provided on both sides of the bottom of the gate; the gate also includes a power device, and each of the steel wire ropes is connected to the power device.

[0012] In one embodiment, the automatic locking mechanism includes a locking groove located at the bottom of the gate, a latch matching the locking groove, the upper part of the latch is connected to a hydraulic pump, an oil pump is also provided on one side of the upper part of the material box, the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil pump, the latch is wedge-shaped, and the locking groove matches the latch; the gate also includes an electronic control unit, which is electrically connected to the power equipment, pressure sensor, hydraulic pump and oil pump respectively.

[0013] In one embodiment, a plurality of monitoring mechanisms are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream of the experimental flume body, and each of the monitoring mechanisms includes a top observation tower, a side observation well corresponding to the top observation tower, and a data acquisition device; bottom monitoring modules are distributed in multiple rows along the bottom of the large-scale mountain disaster flume experimental device from upstream to downstream, and at least one bottom monitoring module is arranged in each of the monitoring mechanisms; the plurality of monitoring mechanisms include an upstream monitoring mechanism, a midstream monitoring mechanism, and a downstream monitoring mechanism.

[0014] In one embodiment, the top observation tower comprises

[0015] Columns, located on both sides of the main body of the experimental water tank;

[0016] A climbing frame is located outside the column on one side, and a cage-shaped guardrail is arranged outside the climbing frame;

[0017] An operating platform is located on the upper part of the column, and guardrails a are arranged on both sides of the operating platform;

[0018] The operating platform is provided with a laser sensor, a first camera and an ultrasonic sensor; the guardrail a is provided with a micro monitoring radar, a second camera and a thermal infrared imager;

[0019] The side observation well corresponds one-to-one with the top observation tower. The side observation well is located on the side wall a on one side of the experimental water tank body. A transparent tempered glass window is arranged on the side wall a. A third camera and a floodlight are arranged at the bottom of the side observation well. The lens of the third camera faces the transparent tempered glass window. A broadband seismograph is also arranged at the bottom of the side observation well. A ladder is arranged on one side of the side observation well.

[0020] In one embodiment, the data acquisition device includes a collection box, a central server and a collection system, the collection box is connected to the central server through an optical fiber cascade to collect signals, and the data collected by the collection box is stored, analyzed and displayed through the collection system;

[0021] Each bottom monitoring module includes an outer shell box body, a surface cover is arranged on the top of the outer shell box body, one side of the outer shell box body is an opening, and a monitoring equipment component is arranged in the outer shell box body, and the monitoring equipment component includes a pore pressure sensor, a normal stress sensor and a broadband seismograph.

[0022] In one embodiment, a plurality of flexible nets are arranged in the main body of the experimental water tank, at least two flexible nets are arranged on the guard tank, and each of the flexible nets on the guard tank is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the outlet of the main body of the experimental water tank.

[0023] In one embodiment, a bottom observation tower is provided on a side of the guard tank away from the experimental water tank, and a fourth camera is provided on the top of the bottom observation tower.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention:

[0025] In this application, the top platform is the formation area of ​​landslides and debris flows; the main body of the experimental flume is used to simulate the movement of mountain disasters, which is divided into the movement area of ​​the first flume and the movement area of ​​the second flume. The slope of the first flume is greater than the slope of the second flume, which can more accurately simulate large-scale mountain disasters. The setting of multiple monitoring mechanisms in the main body of the experimental flume can monitor the movement and accumulation process of debris flows throughout the entire process and in full sequence; the protective tank is used to accurately simulate the accumulation area of ​​mountain disasters. On the basis of fully meeting the simulation similarity criterion, this application accurately reflects the dynamic evolution mechanism of multiphase media and the regulation mechanism of prevention and control engineering bodies. By conducting physical simulation experimental studies on typical mountain disasters such as large-scale landslides-debris flows, mountain torrents, debris flows, blockages and cascades, this application focuses on solving the scale effect and similarity problems of the physical simulation of the entire process of mountain disaster initiation-movement-accumulation (and interaction with engineering bodies), and reveals the regulation mechanism of prevention and control projects on mountain disasters such as debris flows. This device can simulate the most realistic large-scale mountain disasters and truly reflect the dynamic mechanism of prototype mountain disasters such as debris flows, thereby revealing the regulatory mechanism of prevention and control projects on mountain disasters, providing theoretical basis and technical support for new methods and measures for mountain disaster prevention and control in my country, and effectively guiding engineering design and disaster reduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is the general layout diagram of the large-scale mountain disaster flume experimental device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of an artificial rainfall and seepage device used to simulate large-scale mountain hazard dynamics;

[0029] Figure 3 is a top view of the artificial rainfall mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the artificial rainfall and seepage device of the present invention for simulating large-scale mountain disaster dynamics;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the material box and the water tank of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 is a side view of the gate of the present invention when it is closed;

[0033] Figure 7 is a side view of the gate of the present invention when it is open;

[0034] Figure 8 is a front view of the gate of the present invention;

[0035] Fig. 9 is a top view of the gate of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.10 is a side view of the locking mechanism of the present invention when it is closed;

[0037] Fig.11 is a side view of the locking mechanism of the present invention when it is opened;

[0038] Fig.12 It is another general layout diagram of the large-scale mountain disaster flume experimental device of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.13 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the overall layout of the large-scale mountain disaster flume experimental device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the directional words used, such as "upper" and "lower", generally refer to the upper and lower parts of the device in actual use or working state, specifically the drawing direction in the drawings; while "inside" and "outside" refer to the outline of the device.

[0041] See also Figure 1 An embodiment of the present application provides a large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device, including: a top platform; an experimental water tank body, the experimental water tank body is connected to the gate, the experimental water tank body includes a first water tank and a second water tank connected to the first water tank, the slope of the first water tank is greater than the slope of the second water tank, and the first water tank is connected to the gate; a guard tank is located on the side of the experimental water tank body away from the top platform.

[0042] In this application, the top platform is the formation area of ​​landslides and debris flows; the main body of the experimental flume is used to simulate the movement of mountain disasters, which is divided into the movement area of ​​the first flume and the movement area of ​​the second flume. The slope of the first flume is greater than the slope of the second flume, which can more accurately simulate large-scale mountain disasters. The setting of multiple monitoring mechanisms in the main body of the experimental flume can monitor the movement and accumulation process of debris flows throughout the entire process and in full sequence; the protective tank is used to accurately simulate the accumulation area of ​​mountain disasters. On the basis of fully meeting the simulation similarity criterion, this application accurately reflects the dynamic evolution mechanism of multiphase media and the regulation mechanism of prevention and control engineering bodies. By conducting physical simulation experimental studies on typical mountain disasters such as large-scale landslides-debris flows, mountain torrents, debris flows, blockages and cascades, this application focuses on solving the scale effect and similarity problems of the physical simulation of the entire process of mountain disaster initiation-movement-accumulation (and interaction with engineering bodies), and reveals the regulation mechanism of prevention and control projects on mountain disasters such as debris flows. This device can simulate the most realistic large-scale mountain disasters and truly reflect the dynamic mechanism of prototype mountain disasters such as debris flows, thereby revealing the regulatory mechanism of prevention and control projects on mountain disasters, providing theoretical basis and technical support for new methods and measures for mountain disaster prevention and control in my country, and effectively guiding engineering design and disaster reduction.

[0043] In some embodiments, the length of the first water tank is 55m to 65m, for example, 55m, 56m, 57m, 58m, 59m, 60m, 61m, 62m, 63m, 64m, 65m, etc.;

[0044] The width of the first water tank is 5.5m to 6.5m, for example, 5.5m, 5.6m, 5.7m, 5.8m, 5.9m, 6m, 6.1m, 6.2m, 6.3m, 6.4m, 6.5m, etc.;

[0045] The depth of the first water tank is 3.5m to 4.5m, for example, 3.5m, 3.6m, 3.7m, 3.8m, 3.9m, 4m, 4.1m, 4.3m, 4.4m, 4.5m, etc.;

[0046] The slope of the first water tank is 30° to 35°, for example, it can be 30°, 31°, 32°, 33°, 34°, 35°, etc.;

[0047] The length of the second water tank is 75m to 85m, for example, it can be 75m, 76m, 77m, 78m, 79m, 80m, 81m, 82m, 83m, 84m, 85m, etc.;

[0048] The width of the second water tank is 5.5m to 6.5m, for example, 5.5m, 5.6m, 5.7m, 5.8m, 5.9m, 6m, 6.1m, 6.2m, 6.3m, 6.4m, 6.5m, etc.;

[0049] The depth of the second water tank is 3.5m to 4.5m, for example, 3.5m, 3.6m, 3.7m, 3.8m, 3.9m, 4m, 4.1m, 4.3m, 4.4m, 4.5m, etc.;

[0050] The slope of the second water tank is 12° to 18°, for example, it can be 12°, 13°, 14°, 15°, 16°, 17°, 18°, etc.

[0051] Exemplarily, the main body of the experimental water tank is 140 meters long, 6 meters wide and 4 meters deep. The length of the first water tank is 60m, the width of the first water tank is 6m, the depth of the first water tank is 4m, and the slope of the first water tank is 16°; the length of the second water tank is 80m, the width of the second water tank is 6m, the depth of the second water tank is 4m, and the slope of the second water tank is 32°.

[0052] See also Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the top platform includes a material box, a water pool and an artificial rainfall mechanism. The bottom of the material box is inclined, an openable gate is provided on one side of the material box, the water pool is located on the side of the material box away from the gate, and multiple rows of through holes are provided at the position adjacent to the water pool and the material box. The artificial rainfall mechanism is located above the material box.

[0053] It can be understood that the material box is used to load materials and water. The maximum amount of materials used at one time for simulating large-scale mountain disaster dynamics experiments can be up to 500 cubic meters. Large material trucks transport the materials along the winding mountain access road to the top platform and pile them in the material box on the top platform. In addition, the effects of slope plants, retaining measures, slope reinforcement, etc. on soil stability can be evaluated in the material box. Soil is piled up in the internal environment of the material box, and different methods are used to reinforce and protect the slope, so as to deeply understand and analyze the impact of different methods on slope stability; the role of slope plants: evaluate how plants growing on the slope affect the stability of the soil. Plants play a positive role in the stability of the slope by fixing the soil through their roots, reducing soil erosion, and regulating surface water runoff; the effect of retaining measures: examine and analyze the actual effects of various retaining structures in preventing soil sliding and maintaining slope stability. These structures enhance the overall stability of the soil by providing additional support or resistance; slope reinforcement methods: evaluate the degree of improvement of soil stability by different slope reinforcement technologies. These technologies achieve the purpose of slope reinforcement by improving the mechanical properties of the soil, increasing the shear strength and overall stability of the soil; in short, through simulation experiments in the material box, we can more accurately understand the role of these methods and their specific impact on soil stability, which is of great significance to the design, construction and maintenance of slope projects, and helps to ensure the safety and stability of slope projects.

[0054] It can be understood that the water pool is a seepage device used to simulate large-scale mountain disaster dynamics experiments. The seepage volume and the seepage water level are controlled by controlling the water level in the water pool. The water in the water pool continuously seeps into the soil in the material box through multiple rows of holes, which is used to simulate the seepage situation under natural conditions.

[0055] It can be understood that the artificial rainfall mechanism is used to simulate natural rainfall with different rainfall intensities, different rainfall amounts, and different rainfall durations.

[0056] In some embodiments, guardrails are provided on both sides of the upper portion of the material box.

[0057] It is understandable that guardrails can form a physical barrier to prevent people from accidentally falling when approaching the edge.

[0058] The present application uses multiple rows of through holes to fully mix water flow and materials layer by layer to form a debris flow in the material box, which can effectively reduce the workload of manual or mechanical mixing and improve work efficiency; the setting of multiple rows of through holes on the water pool connected to the material box realizes the seepage of the large-scale mountain disaster dynamics experiment, and the rainfall is realized by the artificial rainfall mechanism set above the material box. Under the conditions of rainfall, seepage, rainfall and seepage coupling, the whole process of converting the large-scale landslide into debris flow in the large-scale mountain disaster dynamics experiment is realized, that is, the simulation and prevention and control measures of multiple factors (rainfall, seepage, rainfall and seepage coupling) can be realized. In addition, the present device provides important guidance for analyzing the starting mechanism of large-scale landslides and determining the critical conditions for the start of debris flows, and for disaster forecasting and early warning; the present application can simulate the rainfall process and seepage process in the natural environment, including rainfall intensity, rainfall amount, seepage amount, etc., and provides experimental conditions for the study of the disaster mechanism and prevention and control measures of landslides and debris flows.

[0059] This application can record the change process of the slope under different rainfall conditions (light rain (10mm / 24h), moderate rain (25mm / 24h), heavy rain (50mm / 24h), rainstorm (70mm / 24h), heavy rainstorm (150mm / 24h), and extremely heavy rainstorm (300mm / 24h)) and different seepage rates (the water level in the pool reaches the first row of through holes, the second row of through holes, the third row of through holes, and the fourth row of through holes in multiple rows of through holes). Until obvious slope displacement occurs, the occurrence of landslide is determined through the detection system.

[0060] The present application uses an artificial rainfall control system to adjust the rainfall amount of water flowing through rainfall nozzles and the seepage amount of multiple rows of holes to change the rainfall and seepage conditions. The rainfall seepage is then continued until the slope is fully saturated and a debris flow is formed after the gate is opened. The landslide is then transformed into a debris flow, and the artificial rainfall mechanism is used to record the time point of the transformation, rainfall amount, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, etc.

[0061] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the artificial rainfall mechanism includes a water supply tank located on one side of the water pool, a plurality of rainfall brackets located above the tank, each of the rainfall brackets is provided with a plurality of rainfall nozzles, the water supply tank is connected to the nozzles through a first water supply pipe, a first pressure pump is provided between the water supply tank and the first water supply pipe, and a first valve is provided on the first water supply pipe.

[0062] It can be understood that the water supply tank is connected to the sprinkler head via the first pressure pump, the first valve, and the first water supply pipeline, and is used to simulate natural rainfall under different rainfall intensities, different rainfall amounts, and different rainfall durations.

[0063] See also Figure 3 For example, there are 7 rainfall brackets, and 3 rainfall nozzles are evenly spaced on each rainfall bracket, for a total of 21 rainfall nozzles.

[0064] As another example, by using a high-pressure water pump and a DN100 water supply pipe, the water is pumped from the natural pool built at the bottom to the water supply tank located at the top of the platform. It takes 1.5 hours to quickly fill the water supply tank with a high-pressure water pump. The water supply tank is built with reinforced concrete structure, 8 meters long, 3.5 meters wide, 3 meters high, and has a full water storage capacity of 70 cubic meters. The water supply tank can meet the water supply needs during the large-scale experiment and ensure that the normal development of the experiment is not affected.

[0065] In some embodiments, the water pool is connected to the water supply tank through a second water pipeline, a second pressure pump is provided between the water supply tank and the second water pipeline, and a second valve is provided on the second water pipeline.

[0066] It can be understood that the amount of seepage in the water pool and the height of the seepage water level can be controlled by controlling the opening of the second valve and the height of the water level in the water pool.

[0067] In some embodiments, the artificial rainfall and infiltration device also includes a monitoring system and a control system. The monitoring system includes a sensor module located at the bottom of the material box and cameras arranged at the four corners of the upper part of the material box; the control system includes a controller, and the controller is respectively connected to the nozzle, the first pressure pump, the first valve, the second pressure pump and the second valve.

[0068] Furthermore, the sensor module includes a pore water pressure sensor, model: JUL-PW28; a normal stress sensor, model: MK-003; and a ground vibration sensor, model: CCUBE.

[0069] The pore water pressure sensor is used to measure the pore water pressure in the soil inside the material box. Rainfall and / or seepage will increase the pore water pressure in the soil of the material box, thereby reducing the shear strength of the soil. By installing a pore water pressure sensor inside the material box, the changes in pore water pressure under the influence of factors such as rainfall and seepage can be monitored.

[0070] Normal stress sensors are effective tools for monitoring stability, and can monitor stress changes in rock and soil under the influence of self-weight, rainfall, seepage, etc. For example, during rainfall and / or seepage, rainwater seeps into the rock and soil of the material box, which increases the pore water pressure and reduces the effective normal stress. This change can be captured in real time through normal stress sensors and pore water pressure sensors. When the effective normal stress decreases to a certain extent, it may cause slope instability.

[0071] The ground vibration sensor can monitor the stress changes inside the landslide body under the action of external forces in real time. When the landslide body in the material box is in a stable state, the stress changes are relatively small and have certain regularities; when there are triggering factors that cause the landslide body to begin to lose stability, the stress will fluctuate abnormally, such as stress concentration and stress direction change. By analyzing these stress change data, we can understand the evolution of the mechanical state inside the sliding material box, which provides an important basis for studying the breeding and development process of landslides and revealing the mechanism of landslides. In addition, through the monitored ground vibration sensor data, we can analyze the changes in the vibration characteristics of the landslide body under different conditions. When the vibration characteristics of the landslide body change significantly, such as a sudden increase in vibration frequency and amplitude, we can combine the changes in other monitoring indicators (pore water pressure, normal stress, etc.) to determine the critical conditions for the landslide to transform into a debris flow.

[0072] The camera, model: DS-2CD3T86FWDV3-I3S, is used to record the experimental process and monitor the changes in the slope in the material box and the entire process of the landslide turning into a debris flow, including the deformation of the slope, the generation and development of cracks, how the landslide turns into a debris flow, and speed changes.

[0073] It can be understood that the monitoring system and control system integrate various aspects and levels of contents such as experimental monitoring, rainfall control, data measurement and collection during the simulated rainfall experiment into the control room of the top platform to achieve the goal of automated and intelligent artificial rainfall.

[0074] See also Figure 2 In some embodiments, a water collecting tank is provided at the bottom of the tank. It can be understood that the sensor module is located in the water collecting tank.

[0075] See also Figure 6 and Figure 7In some embodiments, the top of the gate is hinged to the material box, and the bottom of the gate is provided with an automatic locking mechanism; the gate also includes a power device, and the power device is connected to the gate through a wire rope.

[0076] It is understandable that the gate is subject to a greater lateral pressure from the clean water or water-soil mixture behind it, and it is necessary to ensure that the gate is water-tight before it is opened.

[0077] Exemplarily, the power equipment is used for opening and closing the gate, and the power equipment is a high-power high-speed winch-type gate opener with a main motor power of 250KW, a rated gate opening force of 2×125KN, and a rated rope speed of 63 meters per minute.

[0078] Exemplarily, the volume of the water-soil mixture contained in the material box is 500 cubic meters.

[0079] In the present application, soil and water are loaded in the material box, and the "water-tightness" in a "high stress" environment can be met through the gate and the automatic locking mechanism; the automatic locking mechanism can automatically control the rapid opening to meet the "instantaneous opening" requirement of the gate angle exceeding 45° within 5 seconds; the super-heavy gate of the present application can withstand the lateral pressure caused by clean water or water-soil mixture materials, and at the same time, the horizontal extrusion force generated when the automatic locking mechanism is locked makes the gate water seal reach the designed compression amount, thereby satisfying the sealing effect when the water or water-soil mixture generates lateral pressure. In addition, by shortening the time difference between the opening of the automatic locking mechanism and the starting of the power equipment, the motor of the power equipment can be quickly intervened, which in disguise reduces the time that the automatic locking mechanism of the gate is acted upon by hydrostatic pressure or soil pressure after retraction, thereby achieving the purpose of instantaneous release of materials, and can completely realize instantaneous release of materials.

[0080] See also Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some embodiments, hinge seats are respectively provided on both sides of the top of the gate, and steel wire ropes are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom of the gate, and each of the steel wire ropes is connected to the power equipment.

[0081] It can be understood that the support hinge seat is embedded in both sides of the large concrete water tank through embedded parts.

[0082] It can also be understood that the winch-type gate hoist pulls the wire rope to provide power so that the gate can rotate around the top support hinge seat to open.

[0083] In some embodiments, a bracket is provided above the gate, two fixed pulleys are fixed on the bracket, and each of the steel wire ropes passes around the corresponding fixed pulley and is connected to the power device.

[0084] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided at the fulcrum of each fixed pulley.

[0085] Please refer to 6. Figure 7 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 In some embodiments, the automatic locking mechanism includes a locking groove located at the bottom of the gate, a latch matching the locking groove, a hydraulic pump connected to the upper part of the latch, and an oil pump is also provided on one side of the upper part of the material box, and the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil pump.

[0086] Furthermore, the gate also includes an electronic control unit, which is electrically connected to the power equipment, the pressure sensor, the hydraulic pump and the oil pump respectively.

[0087] Furthermore, the latch is wedge-shaped, and the locking groove matches the latch.

[0088] It can be understood that the electronic control unit is a conventional control device in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0089] It can be understood that when the gate is opened or closed, the pressure value at the fulcrum can be monitored by the pressure sensor to determine the opening and closing angle of the gate; when the gate is opening, the pin is first retracted into place and the gate is unlocked, and then the power equipment (winch-type gate opener) quickly intervenes to wind up the wire rope and pull up the gate; when the pressure sensor value exceeds the set maximum value, the motor of the winch-type gate opener stops working to protect the equipment; a high-precision photoelectric encoder is provided at the drum end of the winch-type gate opener, which can dynamically control the gate opening angle and automatically stop when the gate is opened to the maximum opening and closing angle; in order to further ensure the safety of the rapid opening of the gate, a limit switch is set at the support hinge position. Once the encoder fails, the limit switch will play a role in limit stop protection.

[0090] It can be understood that during the loading process, the gate is closed tightly, and the two hydraulic cylinders inside drive the wedge-shaped pin to insert into the bottom locking groove. The horizontal extrusion force generated by the wedge-shaped locking makes the gate water seal reach the designed compression amount, thereby satisfying the sealing effect when the water or water-soil mixture generates lateral pressure.

[0091] See also Figure 8 and Fig. 9 In some embodiments, the gate includes a main frame and a panel welded to the main frame; the main frame includes I-shaped side beams on both sides, a plurality of I-shaped side beams located between the I-shaped side beams, Π The main beam and the bottom beam are arranged at the bottom of the I-shaped side beam. Π I-shaped short beams are laid between the main beams.

[0092] For example, the height of the I-shaped side beam is 1500 mm, the panel is made of 14 mm thick steel plate, and the bottom beam adopts a reinforced box structure to facilitate the arrangement of the automatic locking mechanism.

[0093] It can be understood that the special design of the overall gate meets the strength and rigidity requirements, and the overall deadweight is controlled at about 40 tons. The deadweight is reduced as much as possible while meeting the stress conditions, and it is a heavy-duty flip gate.

[0094] In some embodiments, a water pool is disposed on one side of the material box, and a plurality of rows of through holes are disposed at a portion of the material box adjacent to the water pool.

[0095] In some embodiments, the bottom of the material box is inclined, and the gate is located on the side of the material box with a lower inclination.

[0096] Working process: When the gate is closed, it is not easy to close tightly due to the existence of lateral pressure. Therefore, two rectangular square holes with a length, width and height of 0.3×0.3×0.5m are reserved at the bottom of the gate, namely the locking grooves. A hydraulic pump support rod is installed above the square hole. The bottom of the support rod is connected to the pin. When the gate is closed (the rotation angle is 0), the rotation angle can be detected by the reading of the pressure sensor on the top to determine the opening and closing angle of the gate. The greater the pressure value of the hydraulic pump, the deeper the depth of the connected pin inserted into the locking groove. The pressure value can be controlled by the electronic control unit to realize the control of the depth of the pin. The pin can be used with the prefabricated locking groove to solve the leakage problem under high stress. When the gate needs to be opened, the electronic control unit first needs to reduce the pressure value of the hydraulic pump to retract the bolt. When it retracts to a position flush with the bottom step of the gate (i.e., just pulled out of the prefabricated square hole), the electronic control unit immediately turns on the motor of the winch hoist, and the wire rope connected to the motor will be tightened, changing the direction of force through the fixed pulley device to lift the gate; when the gate opening and closing angle reaches 45 degrees, the motor stops working and maintains the current torque value to stabilize the gate at a 45-degree opening and closing angle. When the gate needs to be closed, the motor restarts and slowly releases the gate. When the gate opening and closing angle returns to 0 degrees, the motor will re-pressurize the hydraulic pump to reinsert the bolt into the prefabricated square hole to complete the pressurization and fixation to prevent water leakage after the water tank is filled with water.

[0097] See also Fig.12 In some embodiments, a plurality of monitoring mechanisms are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream of the experimental water tank body, and each of the monitoring mechanisms includes a top observation tower, a side observation well corresponding to the top observation tower, and a data acquisition device; bottom monitoring modules are arranged in multiple rows along the bottom of the experimental water tank body from upstream to downstream, and at least one bottom monitoring module is arranged in each monitoring mechanism; the plurality of monitoring mechanisms include an upstream monitoring mechanism, a midstream monitoring mechanism, and a downstream monitoring mechanism.

[0098] In this application, multiple monitoring mechanisms are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream of the main body of the experimental flume, and each monitoring mechanism is coupled with multidisciplinary parameter monitoring equipment such as sound, light, force, heat, electromagnetic, and earthquake, so as to realize the comprehensive acquisition of multi-source information of mountain disaster dynamics experimental data; each monitoring mechanism installs various data monitoring equipment on three structures: the bottom monitoring module, the top observation tower, and the side observation well, so as to realize multi-perspective dynamic process monitoring from the bottom, top, front, and side; multiple monitoring mechanisms are arranged in a large-scale experimental site, so as to realize multi-section collaborative monitoring of the dynamic process of the disaster body. The present invention can overcome the unfavorable conditions for dynamic process monitoring in large-scale mountain disaster dynamics simulation experiments, accurately reflect the spatiotemporal evolution process of various dynamic parameters in the movement process of the disaster body, and has clear principles, clear construction, and strong construction operability. It can be applied to large-scale mountain disaster dynamics simulation experiments, and lays the foundation for the dynamics research of complex media.

[0099] Before the experiment of this application, the data acquisition system needs to be tested to check whether the sensor signal transmission is normal. After confirming that the sensor signal is normal, the installed sensor needs to be tested in situ. Operators need to be divided into two groups. One group goes to each monitoring agency (monitoring section) to load the normal stress sensor and pore pressure sensor on the bottom monitoring module of the experimental water tank body, and to block the laser sensor and ultrasonic sensor on the top observation tower at a certain distance; the other group operates the data acquisition system, turns on data acquisition, and observes whether the signal fluctuation matches the actual measurement of loading and blocking. Before the experiment begins, the bottom monitoring module needs to be cleaned, especially the threaded hole for connecting the pore pressure sensor. It should be rinsed before water injection and internal dust and fine particles should be removed as much as possible.

[0100] After the preparation work is completed, the formal experiment can begin. The operator only needs to operate the data acquisition system and send a start acquisition signal to the data acquisition box. The data monitoring equipment located upstream, midstream and downstream will then start real-time data acquisition according to the experimental template configuration. The collected data is sent to the central server through the optical fiber link, and the program on the server receives, displays and stores the data. The operator can observe the data acquisition waveforms of each sensor in the data acquisition system. After the experiment is over, the operator stops collecting data, and the experimental results are automatically stored in the server; the operator can export, view and download the experimental data files from the server.

[0101] In some embodiments, the plurality of monitoring mechanisms include an upstream monitoring mechanism, a midstream monitoring mechanism, and a downstream monitoring mechanism.

[0102] It can be understood that in order to monitor the spatial propagation of the dynamic parameters of the disaster body, three monitoring devices are arranged along the upstream, middle and downstream of the main body of the experimental flume, and synchronous data collection is achieved in each section.

[0103] See also Fig.12 For example, the length of the main body of the experimental water tank is 140 meters. Three monitoring mechanisms, namely, upstream monitoring mechanism, midstream monitoring mechanism and downstream monitoring mechanism, are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream of the main body of the experimental water tank, and are located at 16 meters, 60 meters and 110 meters from the outlet of the material tank, respectively. Eight rows of bottom monitoring module installation pits are reserved along the bottom of the main body of the experimental water tank. Three installation pits are arranged in each row on the center line and both sides of the main body of the experimental water tank. A total of 8×3=24 installation pits are arranged along the bottom of the main body of the experimental water tank, and embedded parts are poured in the installation pits with concrete.

[0104] In some embodiments, the top observation tower includes

[0105] Columns, located on both sides of the main body of the experimental water tank;

[0106] A climbing frame is located outside the column on one side, and a cage-shaped guardrail is arranged outside the climbing frame to ensure the safety of workers climbing;

[0107] The operating platform is located on the upper part of the column, and guardrails a are arranged on both sides of the operating platform. It can be understood that the operating platform spans the sky above the main body of the experimental water tank, and guardrails a are installed on both sides to ensure safe operation of the staff.

[0108] Exemplarily, two columns are provided on both sides of the experimental water tank body, and the two columns on each side are reinforced by multiple cross bars.

[0109] It can be understood that the upstream monitoring agencies, midstream monitoring agencies and downstream monitoring agencies are all equipped with top observation towers to monitor the dynamic time-space evolution of the top bird's-eye view and the front view of the disaster body.

[0110] Furthermore, the operating platform is provided with a laser sensor, a first camera and an ultrasonic sensor; the guardrail a is provided with a micro monitoring radar, a second camera and a thermal infrared imager.

[0111] Exemplarily, the ultrasonic sensor, the laser sensor and the first camera for shooting a bird's-eye view of the disaster body are fixed with brackets at the crossbar of the operating platform, and the measuring probe or lens is vertically aligned with the bottom of the experimental water tank body; the thermal infrared imager, the micro monitoring radar and the second camera for shooting a frontal view are each fixed with brackets at guardrail a, so that the measuring probe or lens is facing the upstream direction of the experimental water tank body; the cables of each monitoring device are pulled from the PVC pipe to the outside of the side wall of the experimental water tank body, and the sensor cables are left in the collection box position.

[0112] Furthermore, the side observation well corresponds one-to-one with the top observation tower, and the side observation well is located on the side wall a on one side of the experimental water tank body, and the side wall a is provided with a transparent tempered glass window. A third camera and a floodlight are provided at the bottom of the side observation well, and the lens of the third camera is facing the transparent tempered glass window to realize the shooting of the dynamic process of the disaster body from the side perspective. A broadband seismograph is also provided at the bottom of the side observation well, and a ladder is provided on one side of the side observation well for operators to enter and exit.

[0113] It can be understood that the third camera is placed at the bottom of the side observation well through a tripod bracket, and the lens is facing the tempered glass. After the third camera is set up, the broadband seismograph is fixed in the remaining space at the bottom of the side observation well by pouring concrete to obtain environmental seismic signals.

[0114] It will be appreciated that the third camera, floodlight and broadband seismograph are powered by sockets located at the bottom of the side observation well.

[0115] It can be understood that the side observation well is a vertical well outside the side wall of the experimental water tank body, which is integrated with the concrete structure of the experimental water tank body and shares a side with the experimental water tank body.

[0116] Exemplarily, there are two transparent tempered glass windows, both located on a side wall shared by the side observation well and the experimental water tank body.

[0117] It can be understood that side observation wells are set up in the upstream monitoring agencies, midstream monitoring agencies and downstream monitoring agencies to monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of the lateral visual dynamic process of the disaster body and the environmental seismic signals.

[0118] In some embodiments, the data acquisition device includes a collection box, a central server and a collection system. The collection box is connected to the central server via an optical fiber cascade to collect signals, and the data collected by the collection box is stored, analyzed and displayed through the collection system.

[0119] It can be understood that the collection box is a portable and integrated setting, which integrates and packages the hardware devices required by the data collection end in a sturdy box-type casing, and the collection box can be carried to any location.

[0120] It can be understood that the upstream monitoring mechanism, the midstream monitoring mechanism and the downstream monitoring mechanism are all equipped with collection boxes. When in use, the collection box is first carried and placed on the outside of the side wall of the experimental water tank body of the upstream monitoring mechanism, the midstream monitoring mechanism and the downstream monitoring mechanism, connected to the power input, the optical fiber network, and the sensor cable.

[0121] In some embodiments, an installation pit is reserved at the bottom of the experimental water tank body for installing a bottom monitoring module. The outer shell box is located inside the installation pit and below the bottom surface of the experimental water tank body. The surface cover is flush with the bottom surface of the experimental water tank body.

[0122] Exemplarily, the outer shell box is a metal rectangular block with a hollow interior. The outer shell box is connected to the surface cover plate by bolts. The surface cover plate is a square metal plate. A square hole is opened in the center of the surface cover plate for setting the force (sensitive) element of the positive stress sensor; the surface cover plate is provided with a circular threaded hole in the middle of the outer side of the square hole for connecting the pore pressure sensor. The pore pressure sensor is screwed into the circular threaded hole of the surface cover plate from the inside of the outer shell box, and a metal filter is pasted on the outer surface of the threaded hole; the conversion element and the outer shell of the positive stress sensor are fixed by bolts, and the broadband seismograph is fixed by tape for easy removal.

[0123] Exemplarily, a square installation pit is reserved at the bottom of the experimental water tank body for installing the bottom monitoring module. The outer shell box is located inside the installation pit and below the bottom surface of the experimental water tank body, while the surface cover is flush with the bottom surface of the experimental water tank body; the surface cover is connected to the embedded parts cast in the concrete of the installation pit at the edge by 8 bolts, thereby fixing the entire bottom monitoring module to the bottom of the experimental water tank body.

[0124] It can be understood that the bottom monitoring modules are distributed in multiple rows along the bottom of the experimental water tank body from upstream to downstream, with the purpose of monitoring the dynamic time-space evolution process of the bottom of the experimental water tank body.

[0125] It can be understood that among the four sides of the metal cuboid, three sides are closed and the other side is open, which is convenient for installing and removing pore pressure sensors, normal stress sensors and broadband seismometers, laying cables and quickly draining water to avoid internal water accumulation.

[0126] It can be understood that one side of the outer shell box is left empty and no panels are installed. After the bottom monitoring module is configured, it is first moved to the installation pit at the bottom of the experimental water tank body, and all sensor cables are uniformly led out from the empty side of the outer shell box, and then inserted into the pre-buried pipes at the bottom of the experimental water tank body. Subsequently, the bottom monitoring module is placed in the installation pit, and 8 bolts are passed through the 8 bolt holes of the surface cover plate and screwed into the threaded holes of the embedded parts to fix the bottom monitoring module to the bottom of the experimental water tank body. The sensor cables need to pass through the pre-buried pipes and be pulled to the collection box placement position on the outside of the side wall of the experimental water tank body.

[0127] It can be understood that there are steps on both sides of the experimental water tank body of the present application, and handrails are also provided on the outside of the steps.

[0128] See also Fig.13In some embodiments, a plurality of flexible nets are disposed in the main body of the experimental water tank, and at least two flexible nets are disposed on the guard tank. Each of the flexible nets on the guard tank is disposed along a direction perpendicular to the outlet of the main body of the experimental water tank.

[0129] Furthermore, along the upstream to downstream of the experimental water tank body, the multiple flexible nets include a first flexible net, a second flexible net, a third flexible net and a fourth flexible net arranged in sequence, the first flexible net is at a distance of L1m from the top of the experimental water tank body, the first flexible net is at a distance of L2m from the top of the experimental water tank body, the first flexible net is at a distance of L3m from the top of the experimental water tank body, and the first flexible net is at a distance of L4m from the top of the experimental water tank body.

[0130] Furthermore, L1 is 12m to 20m, for example, it can be 12m, 13m, 14m, 15m, 16m, 17m, 18m, 19m, 20m, etc.

[0131] Furthermore, L2 is 48m to 60m, for example, it can be 48m, 49m, 50m, 51m, 52m, 53m, 54m, 55m, 56m, 57m, 58m, 59m, 60m, etc.

[0132] Furthermore, L3 is 85m to 105m, for example, it can be 85m, 87m, 89m, 90m, 92m, 94m, 96m, 98m, 100m, 101m, 102m, 103m, 105m, etc.

[0133] Furthermore, L4 is 110m to 130m, for example, it can be 110m, 112m, 115m, 118m, 120m, 122m, 125m, 126m, 128m, 129m, 130m, etc.

[0134] In some embodiments, the first flexible net and the second flexible net are in the first water tank, and the third flexible net and the fourth flexible net are in the second water tank.

[0135] Exemplarily, the experimental water tank body is provided with a first water tank of 32° and a second water tank of 16° from upstream to downstream, the first flexible net and the second flexible net are in the first water tank, and the third flexible net and the fourth flexible net are in the second water tank.

[0136] In some embodiments, the first flexible net is symmetrically provided with hanging points along both sides of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body.

[0137] In some embodiments, the second flexible net is symmetrically provided with hanging points along both sides of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body.

[0138] In some embodiments, the third flexible net is symmetrically provided with hanging points along both sides of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body.

[0139] In some embodiments, the fourth flexible net is symmetrically provided with hanging points along both sides of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body.

[0140] Furthermore, the number of the hanging points of the first flexible net on each side of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body is 3 to 10, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.

[0141] Furthermore, the number of the hanging points of the second flexible net on each side of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body is 3 to 10, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.

[0142] Furthermore, the number of hanging points of the third flexible net on each side of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body is 3 to 10, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.

[0143] Furthermore, the number of hanging points of the fourth flexible net on each side of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body is 3 to 10, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.

[0144] It can be understood that by setting the hanging points along the height, the preventive and control effects of flexible nets at different heights on debris flows can be studied.

[0145] Furthermore, the hanging points of the first flexible net located on each side of the tank wall of the experimental tank body are vertically arranged or perpendicular to the tank bottom of the experimental tank body.

[0146] Furthermore, the hanging points of the second flexible net located on each side of the tank wall of the experimental tank body are vertically arranged or perpendicular to the tank bottom of the experimental tank body.

[0147] Furthermore, the hanging points of the third flexible net located on each side of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body are vertically arranged or perpendicular to the tank bottom of the experimental water tank body.

[0148] Furthermore, the fourth flexible net is located at the hanging points on each side of the tank wall of the experimental water tank body and is vertically arranged or perpendicular to the tank bottom of the experimental water tank body.

[0149] It can be understood that the flexible net mounting methods are diverse and controllable, and play a constructive role in the research on large-scale debris flow prevention and control.

[0150] In some embodiments, the width of the flexible net on the guard increases gradually along the outlet direction of the experimental water tank body.

[0151] It can be understood that the width of the flexible net is along a direction perpendicular to the outlet of the experimental water tank body.

[0152] It can also be understood that the design of flexible nets at different angles can simulate the movement of debris flows in terrains at different angles, providing a reference for the prevention and control of debris flows.

[0153] Furthermore, each of the flexible nets on the guard is supported by holes on the guard and support columns in the holes.

[0154] See also Fig.13 In some embodiments, a bottom observation tower is provided on a side of the guard tank away from the experimental water tank, and a fourth camera is provided on the top of the bottom observation tower.

[0155] In this application, a horizontal guardrail is built at the bottom of the main body of the experimental flume to facilitate the observation of the accumulation form of debris flows, landslides and debris flows. House models can also be placed on the plane of the accumulation area to simulate the actual destructive process of debris flows on towns and analyze the impact range. At the same time, the structure of the prevention and control engineering body can be installed upstream of the accumulation area (the tail of the main body of the experimental flume). By analyzing the three-dimensional impact force and structural strain, the regulatory effect of the prevention and control engineering body on the debris flow can be studied. Away from the outside of the accumulation area, a bottom observation tower (tower height 25m) is set on the side of the guardrail away from the experimental flume, and a fourth camera is installed to monitor the entire process of the movement and accumulation of mountain disasters (as well as the interaction with the prevention and control engineering body).

[0156] The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device of this application is about 200 meters away from the Dongchuan debris flow observation and research station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The power grid for the experiment is directly set up (extended) from the station, which is simple and easy. In order to solve the water problem of the experiment, a large-capacity pool was built at the water source at the bottom of Dawazigou Mountain, and water pipes were laid to the top platform (about 500 meters away). The water source is sufficient to fully meet the water needs of the experiment. In order to support the transportation, storage and display of related equipment of the entire project, combined with the needs of subsequent experiments, houses were built on the top platform, the original old dirt roads in the surrounding area were widened and reinforced, and water pipes and circuits were re-laid; at the same time, in order to ensure the operation of the equipment, the necessary cable system was laid on the large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device.

[0157] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. Large-scale mountain disaster flume experimental device, characterized by: include: Top platform; An experimental water tank body, the experimental water tank body is connected to the gate, the experimental water tank body comprises a first water tank and a second water tank connected to the first water tank, the slope of the first water tank is greater than the slope of the second water tank, and the first water tank is connected to the gate; a plurality of monitoring mechanisms are arranged in the experimental water tank body; A guard tank is located on a side of the experimental water tank body away from the top platform.

2. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the first water trough is 55m~65m, the width of the first water trough is 5.5m~6.5m, the depth of the first water trough is 3.5m~4.5m, and the slope of the first water trough is 14°~18°; the length of the second water trough is 75m~85m, the width of the second water trough is 5.5m~6.5m, the depth of the second water trough is 3.5m~4.5m, and the slope of the second water trough is 28°~36°.

3. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top platform includes a material box, a water pool and an artificial rainfall mechanism. The bottom of the material box is inclined, and an openable gate is provided on one side of the material box. The water pool is located on the side of the material box away from the gate. The part of the water pool adjacent to the material box is provided with multiple rows of through holes. The artificial rainfall mechanism is located above the material box.

4. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The top of the gate is hinged to the material box, and the bottom of the gate is provided with an automatic locking mechanism; support hinge seats are respectively provided on both sides of the top of the gate, and steel wire ropes are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom of the gate; the gate also includes a power device, and each of the steel wire ropes is connected to the power device.

5. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The automatic locking mechanism includes a locking groove located at the bottom of the gate, a latch matching the locking groove, a hydraulic pump connected to the upper part of the latch, an oil pump is also provided on one side of the upper part of the material box, the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil pump, the latch is wedge-shaped, and the locking groove matches the latch; the gate also includes an electronic control unit, which is electrically connected to the power equipment, pressure sensor, hydraulic pump and oil pump respectively.

6. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of monitoring mechanisms are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream of the experimental water tank body, each of which includes a top observation tower, a side observation well corresponding to the top observation tower, and a data acquisition device; The bottom monitoring modules are distributed in multiple rows along the bottom of the large-scale mountain disaster flume experimental device from upstream to downstream, and each monitoring mechanism is provided with at least one bottom monitoring module; the multiple monitoring mechanisms include an upstream monitoring mechanism, a midstream monitoring mechanism and a downstream monitoring mechanism.

7. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The top observation tower comprises Columns, located on both sides of the main body of the experimental water tank; A climbing frame is located outside the column on one side, and a cage-shaped guardrail is arranged outside the climbing frame; An operating platform is located on the upper part of the column, and guardrails a are arranged on both sides of the operating platform; The operating platform is provided with a laser sensor, a first camera and an ultrasonic sensor; the guardrail a is provided with a micro monitoring radar, a second camera and a thermal infrared imager; The side observation well corresponds one-to-one with the top observation tower. The side observation well is located on the side wall a on one side of the experimental water tank body. A transparent tempered glass window is arranged on the side wall a. A third camera and a floodlight are arranged at the bottom of the side observation well. The lens of the third camera faces the transparent tempered glass window. A broadband seismograph is also arranged at the bottom of the side observation well. A ladder is arranged on one side of the side observation well.

8. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The data acquisition equipment includes a collection box, a central server and a collection system. The collection box is connected to the central server through an optical fiber cascade to collect signals, and the data collected by the collection box is stored, analyzed and displayed through the collection system; Each bottom monitoring module includes an outer shell box body, a surface cover is arranged on the top of the outer shell box body, one side of the outer shell box body is an opening, and a monitoring equipment component is arranged in the outer shell box body, and the monitoring equipment component includes a pore pressure sensor, a normal stress sensor and a broadband seismograph.

9. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of flexible nets are arranged in the main body of the experimental water tank, and at least two flexible nets are arranged on the guard tank. Each of the flexible nets on the guard tank is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the outlet direction of the main body of the experimental water tank.

10. The large-scale mountain disaster water tank experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A bottom observation tower is arranged on a side of the guard tank away from the experimental water tank, and a fourth camera is arranged on the top of the bottom observation tower.

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