Tectonic fracture extension direction determination method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application disclose a method and device for determining the direction of fracture extension, electronic equipment and storage medium. The method comprises: determining the formation trend of a target reservoir of tectonic fractures, and determining the fracture constraint direction of the tectonic fractures according to the formation trend; wherein the formation trend is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the tectonic fractures; determining two fracture candidate directions of the tectonic fractures by using pre-stack anisotropy inversion according to at least four amplitudes in the azimuth angle gather; wherein the amplitudes include azimuth angle and incidence angle; determining the direction included angle between the fracture constraint direction and the two fracture candidate directions respectively, and determining the fracture extension direction of the tectonic fractures from the two fracture candidate directions according to the direction included angle. The technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application eliminates the ambiguity problem caused by determining the fracture candidate direction by the traditional method by using the fracture constraint direction, uniquely determines the fracture extension direction, and improves the fracture prediction accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of oil and gas exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for determining the extension direction of structural fractures. Background Technology

[0002] Oil and gas reservoirs formed by the accumulation of oil and gas in fractured traps are called fractured oil and gas reservoirs. Fractured oil and gas reservoirs occupy a very important position in the world's oil and gas production and reserves, accounting for more than half of the world's total oil and gas production.

[0003] The rock physics model of the fractured medium describes the relationship between anisotropic parameters and reservoir fracture density, and the Ruger reflection coefficient formula gives the relationship between amplitude and anisotropic parameters and azimuth. Based on this, by inputting CRP gathers from multiple azimuths, the anisotropic parameters can be calculated to predict the fracture development characteristics of the reservoir, including fracture density and fracture propagation direction. The main fracture prediction methods in the industry are the AVD method and the AVAZ method. Both methods suffer from the problem of ambiguity in fracture direction, which limits the accuracy of fracture prediction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for determining the direction of crack propagation, so as to accurately predict the direction of crack development, uniquely determine the direction of crack propagation, and eliminate the ambiguity of crack direction.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining the direction of crack propagation, including:

[0006] The stratigraphic strike of the target reservoir with structural fractures is determined, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fractures is determined based on the stratigraphic strike; wherein the stratigraphic strike is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fractures.

[0007] Based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth convergence, two candidate fracture directions for structural fractures are determined using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method; wherein the amplitudes include the azimuth and the angle of incidence.

[0008] Determine the directional angle between the crack constraint direction and the two alternative crack directions, and determine the crack extension direction of the constructed crack from the two alternative crack directions based on the directional angle.

[0009] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a device for determining the direction of crack extension, comprising:

[0010] The fracture constraint direction determination module is used to determine the stratigraphic strike of the target reservoir with structural fractures, and to determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fractures based on the stratigraphic strike; wherein the stratigraphic strike is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fractures.

[0011] The fracture candidate direction determination module is used to determine two candidate fracture directions for structural fractures based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth gather using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method; wherein the amplitudes include the azimuth and the incident angle;

[0012] The crack extension direction determination module is used to determine the angle between the crack constraint direction and the two crack candidate directions, and to determine the crack extension direction of the constructed crack from the two crack candidate directions based on the angle between the directions.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0014] One or more processors;

[0015] Storage device for storing one or more programs;

[0016] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method for determining the direction of structural crack propagation as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for determining the direction of structural crack extension as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] This invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for determining the extension direction of structural fractures. The method involves determining the formation strike of the target reservoir with the structural fracture and, based on the formation strike, determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture; wherein the formation strike is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture; determining two candidate fracture directions of the structural fracture using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth gather; wherein the amplitude includes the azimuth and the angle of incidence; determining the directional angle between the fracture constraint direction and the two candidate fracture directions, and determining the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture from the two candidate fracture directions based on the directional angle. By employing the technical solution of this invention, the fracture constraint direction is determined based on the formation strike of the CMP point. Using the fracture constraint direction eliminates the ambiguity problem caused by traditional methods of determining candidate fracture directions, uniquely determining the fracture extension direction and improving the accuracy of fracture prediction. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for determining the direction of crack extension provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the temporal stratigraphic structure of a target reservoir provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the depth domain stratigraphic structure of a target reservoir provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the CMP point range and number index provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the CMP point range and number index provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of a B-point fitting surface provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of the stratigraphic gradient and dip at point B provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, in which there is an angle between the crack constraint direction and the crack alternative direction;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a device for determining the direction of crack extension provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0031] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations (or steps) may be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. Furthermore, the order of the operations may be rearranged. The process may be terminated when its operation is completed, but may also have additional steps not included in the figures. The process may correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc.

[0032] The acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in the technical solution of this application all comply with the relevant provisions of national laws and regulations.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the extension direction of a structural crack according to an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to situations where the extension direction of a structural crack needs to be determined. The method in this embodiment can be executed by a structural crack extension direction determination device, which can be implemented in hardware and / or software. This device can be configured in a server for determining the structural crack extension direction. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] S110. Determine the stratigraphic strike of the target reservoir with structural fractures, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fractures based on the stratigraphic strike.

[0035] Currently, the main methods for predicting crack propagation direction include AVD and AVAZ. Both methods suffer from the problem of crack direction ambiguity, which limits the accuracy of crack prediction. In this embodiment of the invention, the ambiguity problem is eliminated by constraining the crack direction, uniquely determining the crack propagation direction, and improving the accuracy of crack propagation direction prediction.

[0036] In one optional embodiment of the present invention, the surface orientation of each CMP point is calculated using the interpreted seismic horizon, and the surface orientation is recorded as the crack constraint direction of the structural crack. The curve direction of the CMP point is consistent with the crack constraint direction of the constructed crack.

[0037] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, determining the formation strike of the target reservoir with structural fractures and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fractures based on the formation strike includes, but is not limited to, steps A1-A2:

[0038] Step A1: Determine the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir with fractures and convert the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir into the depth-domain horizon.

[0039] Step A2: Determine the stratigraphic strike of each CMP point in the depth domain, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture based on the stratigraphic strike; wherein, the CMP point represents the common center point.

[0040] Specifically, the time-domain horizons of the target reservoir are extracted based on seismic data and converted into relative horizons in the depth domain. The neighboring elements of each CMP point on the depth-domain horizon are determined, and a local surface is fitted using a bivariate polynomial to calculate six fitting parameters a, b, c, d, e, and f. The surface orientation of the CMP points is then determined and used as the fracture constraint direction.

[0041] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, determining the time-domain horizon of the target fractured reservoir and converting the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth-domain horizon includes, but is not limited to, steps B1-B2:

[0042] Step B1: Determine each CMP point on the time-domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir.

[0043] Step B2: Transform each CMP point to convert the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir into the depth-domain horizon.

[0044] Among them, see Figure 2 The x-axis represents the track number (xline), ranging from 345 to 1685, with nx = 1341 points; the y-axis represents the line number (inline), ranging from 290 to 1155, totaling ni = 866 points; the number of CMP points is n = ni × nx, i.e., 1161306 = 1341 × 866. The CMP points are... Figure 2 In the grid, the z-axis represents the layer corresponding to each grid point, and each grid point corresponds to a color.

[0045] The depth domain layer is obtained by scaling the coordinates of each CMP point in the time domain layer along three coordinate axes. For example, scaling the x, y, and z axes of some CMP points in the time domain layer by a factor of dx, dy, and v, respectively, yields the following: Figure 3 The target reservoir depth domain stratigraphic level is shown. For example, converting CMP points in the time domain stratigraphic level to CMP points in the depth domain stratigraphic level is (line number, trace number, time) → (x, y, z); the conversion formula is:

[0046] x i =x1+(i-1)×dx

[0047] y j =y1+(j-1)×dy

[0048]

[0049] Where, x iy j , z i,j These are the coordinate values ​​of the depth domain layer coordinates; i, j, and time, respectively. i,j , i and j are the time-domain layer coordinates, respectively; x1 and y1 are the coordinates of the reference point, respectively; dx is the inter-channel spacing, dy is the inter-line spacing, and v is the layer velocity of the target reservoir.

[0050] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, determining the stratigraphic strike of each CMP point in the depth domain and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture based on the stratigraphic strike includes, but is not limited to, steps C1-C3:

[0051] Step C1: Determine the preset surface element of the CMP point, fit the surface function of the surface element using a bivariate quadratic polynomial, and determine at least two calculation parameters.

[0052] Step C2: Determine the gradient vector of the CMP point based on the at least two calculation parameters, and determine the stratigraphic dip of the CMP point based on the gradient vector.

[0053] Step C3: Determine the stratigraphic strike of the CMP point based on the stratigraphic dip, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture based on the stratigraphic strike of the CMP point; wherein the stratigraphic dip of the CMP point is perpendicular to the stratigraphic strike.

[0054] The input is the interpreted seismic horizon, denoted as z. ij z represents the layer depth, i represents the line number index, and j represents the trace number index. An appropriate range of CMP points is selected as a preset element. This preset element can be a 3x3 grid, a 5x5 grid, or any shape range (such as an ellipse); for example, ... Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The diagram shows a 5x5 grid element centered at point B (CMP); where, Figure 4 yes Figure 5 The top view. Based on the layer values ​​of all points within this range, a local surface z = f(x,y) is fitted, as shown below. Figure 5A Depending on the severity of the surface deformation, the surface function z = f(x, y) is defined. It is typically a quadratic or cubic function. Then, the first-order partial derivatives of the surface gradient vector are calculated. and The dip direction of the strata is determined based on the gradient vector, and then the dip direction is converted into the strike of the surface. The strata dip at the CMP point are perpendicular to the strike of the strata, and the strike of the strata at the CMP point is:

[0055]

[0056] Obtain the stratigraphic strike of the CMP point and use the direction of the stratigraphic strike as the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture.

[0057] S120. Based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth convergence, two candidate fracture directions for structural fractures are determined using pre-stack anisotropic inversion.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, the AVAZ method is used as an example to calculate the candidate crack directions. For perpendicularly arranged parallel cracks, they can be studied as equivalent to an HTI medium (Horizontal Transverse Isotropy, i.e., a transversely isotropic medium with a horizontal axis of symmetry) model. If the incident angle is θ and the azimuth angle of the survey line is... Ruger believed that the longitudinal wave reflection coefficient at the HTI medium interface is a function of anisotropy parameters, incident angle, and azimuth angle. Therefore, based on the azimuth angle and incident angle of the CMP point, the two candidate fracture directions of the structural fracture were determined by the pre-stack anisotropy inversion method.

[0059] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the determination of two candidate fracture directions for structural fractures using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth gather includes, but is not limited to, steps D1-D2:

[0060] Step D1: Based on at least four amplitudes gathered from the azimuth traces, and the azimuth and incident angles of the amplitudes, determine the anisotropic gradient parameters and the normal parameters of the crack surface.

[0061] Step D2: Based on the anisotropic gradient parameters and the crack surface normal parameters, determine two candidate crack directions for constructing the crack.

[0062] Among them, the medium containing vertically parallel cracks is a typical HTI medium, whose reflection coefficient varies not only with the incident angle θ (AVO characteristic) but also with the azimuth angle. Variation (azimuth anisotropy characteristics). Ruger's formula simplifies to:

[0063]

[0064] in,

[0065] The normal to the crack surface will be represented by... Expanding from the cosine term, it transforms into:

[0066]

[0067] in, The direction of the axis of symmetry of the crack plane is the normal direction of the crack plane. Δδ is the angle between the survey line and the normal to the crack surface; α, β, z, and G are the P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, P-wave impedance, and shear modulus, respectively; Δδ V γ are anisotropic parameters. and Let Δα, ΔZ, ΔG, and Δδ represent the average values ​​of the longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, longitudinal wave impedance, and shear modulus between the upper and lower dielectric layers, respectively. V Δγ and Δγ represent the differences in longitudinal wave velocity, longitudinal wave impedance, shear modulus, and anisotropy parameters between the upper and lower media layers, respectively.

[0068] Based on the above equation, construct a system of inversion equations, and solve the system of equations to obtain X. I =(a1,a2,a3,a4) T Then calculate the anisotropic gradient B. ani and crack surface normal Parameters:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] The choice of sign during the square root operation determines the anisotropic gradient B. ani and crack surface normal With different values, we get:

[0072]

[0073] or

[0074] Therefore, the candidate crack directions can be determined as follows:

[0075]

[0076] The anisotropic gradient B calculated using the AVAZ method in this embodiment of the invention. ani The existence of ambiguity also affects the normal direction of the crack surface. The values ​​of are taken. The anisotropic combination parameters calculated from this have large errors and cannot accurately characterize the crack development features.

[0077] S130. Determine the angle between the crack constraint direction and the two alternative crack directions, and determine the crack extension direction of the constructed crack from the two alternative crack directions based on the angle.

[0078] Among them, the pre-stack anisotropic inversion AVAZ method has multiple solutions due to the periodic variation of trigonometric functions; the AVD method predicts that the candidate fracture direction may be either the major axis or the minor axis of an ellipse, which also has multiple solutions. The fracture direction predicted by AVAZ and AVD is ambiguous, which leads to errors in reservoir fracture prediction; the embodiments of the present invention uniquely determine the fracture extension direction by addressing the ambiguity of the fracture constraint direction information.

[0079] In one optional embodiment of the present invention, the direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the crack candidate direction is determined, and the crack candidate direction with the smaller direction angle is used as the crack extension direction for constructing the crack.

[0080] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the step of determining the directional angle between the crack constraint direction and the two candidate crack directions, and determining the crack extension direction of the constructed crack from the two candidate crack directions based on the directional angle, includes, but is not limited to, steps E1-E3:

[0081] Step E1: Determine the first direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the first crack candidate direction.

[0082] Step E2: Determine the second direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the second crack alternative direction.

[0083] Step E3: Determine the angle between the first direction and the second direction, and select the crack candidate direction with the smaller angle value as the crack extension direction of the structural crack.

[0084] This includes calculating the angle between the candidate crack direction and the crack constraint direction. and in

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] The two alternative crack directions include a first alternative crack direction and a second alternative crack direction; the sum of the angles between the first and second directions is 90°. Indicates the first alternative direction of the crack. With respect to crack constraint direction The included angle is like Figure 6 As shown, determine the included angle in the first direction. Angle with the second direction The values ​​are compared, and the crack direction corresponding to the smaller directional angle is selected as the crack extension direction. For example, if the first directional angle is less than or equal to the second directional angle, the first crack direction is selected as the crack extension direction; if the first directional angle is greater than the second directional angle, the second crack direction is selected as the crack extension direction, that is:

[0088]

[0089] This invention provides a method for determining the extension direction of structural fractures. The method involves determining the stratigraphic strike of the target reservoir with the structural fracture, and then determining the fracture constraint direction based on the stratigraphic strike. The stratigraphic strike aligns with the fracture constraint direction. Two candidate fracture directions are determined using pre-stack anisotropic inversion based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth gather. The amplitudes include the azimuth and the angle of incidence. The directional angles between the fracture constraint direction and the two candidate fracture directions are determined, and the fracture extension direction is determined from the two candidate directions based on these directional angles. This invention, by determining the fracture constraint direction based on the stratigraphic strike of the CMP point, eliminates the ambiguity caused by traditional methods for determining candidate fracture directions, uniquely determining the fracture extension direction and improving fracture prediction accuracy.

[0090] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a device for determining the extension direction of structural cracks provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The technical solution of this embodiment can be applied to the situation of determining the extension direction of structural cracks. This device can be implemented by software and / or hardware, and is generally integrated into any electronic device with network communication capabilities, including but not limited to: servers, computers, personal digital assistants, etc. Figure 7 As shown, the device for determining the direction of crack propagation provided in this embodiment may include: a crack constraint direction determination module 710, a crack alternative direction determination module 720, and a crack propagation direction determination module 730; wherein,

[0091] The fracture constraint direction determination module 710 is used to determine the stratigraphic strike of the target reservoir of the structural fracture, and to determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture based on the stratigraphic strike; wherein the stratigraphic strike is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture.

[0092] The crack candidate direction determination module 720 is used to determine two candidate crack directions for structural cracks based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth angle gather using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method; wherein the amplitudes include the azimuth angle and the incident angle.

[0093] The crack extension direction determination module 730 is used to determine the direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the two crack candidate directions, and to determine the crack extension direction of the constructed crack from the two crack candidate directions based on the direction angle.

[0094] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the crack constraint direction determination module includes:

[0095] Determine the time-domain stratigraphic position of the target reservoir for constructing fractures, and convert the time-domain stratigraphic position of the target reservoir into the depth-domain stratigraphic position;

[0096] The stratigraphic strike of each CMP point in the depth domain is determined, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture is determined based on the stratigraphic strike; wherein, the CMP point represents the common center point.

[0097] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the crack constraint direction determination module further includes:

[0098] Determine each CMP point in the time-domain stratigraphic position of the target reservoir with structural fractures;

[0099] Each CMP point is transformed to convert the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir into the depth-domain horizon;

[0100] The depth domain layer is obtained by scaling the coordinates of each CMP point in the time domain layer in the three coordinate axis directions.

[0101] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the crack constraint direction determination module further includes:

[0102] Determine the preset surface element of the CMP point, and use a bivariate quadratic polynomial to fit the surface function of the surface element to determine at least two calculation parameters;

[0103] The gradient vector of the CMP point is determined based on the at least two calculation parameters, and the stratigraphic dip of the CMP point is determined based on the gradient vector.

[0104] The strike of the CMP point is determined based on the stratigraphic dip, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture is determined based on the stratigraphic strike of the CMP point; wherein the stratigraphic dip of the CMP point is perpendicular to the stratigraphic strike.

[0105] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the crack candidate direction determination module includes:

[0106] Based on at least four amplitudes gathered from the azimuth angle, and the azimuth and incident angle of the amplitudes, the anisotropic gradient parameters and the normal parameters of the crack surface are determined.

[0107] Based on the anisotropic gradient parameters and the crack surface normal parameters, two alternative crack directions are determined to construct the crack.

[0108] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the crack extension direction determination module includes:

[0109] Determine the first direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the first crack candidate direction;

[0110] Determine the second direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the second crack alternative direction;

[0111] Determine the angle between the first direction and the second direction, and select the crack direction with the smaller angle value as the crack extension direction of the structural crack;

[0112] The two alternative crack directions include a first alternative crack direction and a second alternative crack direction; the sum of the angles between the first and second directions is 90°.

[0113] The structural crack extension direction determination device provided in the embodiments of the present invention can execute the structural crack extension direction determination method provided in any of the embodiments of the present invention, and has the corresponding functions and beneficial effects of executing the structural crack extension direction determination method. For detailed process, please refer to the relevant operations of the structural crack extension direction determination method in the foregoing embodiments.

[0114] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 10 is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices (such as helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0115] like Figure 8As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12 or a random access memory (RAM) 13, communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores computer programs executable by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on the computer program stored in the ROM 12 or loaded from storage unit 18 into the RAM 13. The RAM 13 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are interconnected via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0116] Multiple components in electronic device 10 are connected to I / O interface 15, including: input unit 16, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 18, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 19, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 19 allows electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0117] Processor 11 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 11 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as constructing a method for determining the direction of crack propagation.

[0118] In some embodiments, the method for determining the direction of structural crack propagation can be implemented as a computer program tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or mounted on electronic device 10 via ROM 12 and / or communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the method for determining the direction of structural crack propagation described above can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 11 can be configured to perform the method for determining the direction of structural crack propagation by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0119] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), payload-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0120] Computer programs used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0121] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0122] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0123] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or computing systems that include middleware components (e.g., application servers), or computing systems that include frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0124] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0125] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0126] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the direction of crack propagation, characterized in that, The method includes: The time-domain stratigraphic position of the target reservoir with structural fractures is determined, and the time-domain stratigraphic position of the target reservoir is converted into the depth-domain stratigraphic position; the stratigraphic strike of each CMP point in the depth-domain stratigraphic position is determined, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture is determined based on the stratigraphic strike; wherein, the stratigraphic strike is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture, and the CMP point represents the common center point. Based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth convergence, two candidate fracture directions for structural fractures are determined using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method; wherein the amplitudes include the azimuth and the angle of incidence. Determine the angle between the crack constraint direction and the two alternative crack directions, and determine the crack extension direction of the constructed crack from the two alternative crack directions based on the angle. The step of determining the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir with fractures and converting the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir into the depth-domain horizon includes: Determine each CMP point on the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir with structural fractures; transform each CMP point to convert the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth-domain horizon; wherein, the depth-domain horizon is obtained by scaling the coordinates of each CMP point on the time-domain horizon in three coordinate axes respectively; The step of determining two candidate fracture directions for structural fractures using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth contour gather includes: Based on at least four amplitudes gathered from the azimuth angle, and the azimuth and incident angle of the amplitudes, the anisotropic gradient parameters and the normal parameters of the crack surface are determined; based on the anisotropic gradient parameters and the normal parameters of the crack surface, two alternative crack directions for constructing the crack are determined. The step of determining the angle between the crack constraint direction and the two candidate crack directions, and determining the crack extension direction of the constructed crack from the two candidate crack directions based on the angle, includes: Determine the first angle between the crack constraint direction and the first candidate crack direction; determine the second angle between the crack constraint direction and the second candidate crack direction; determine the angle value between the first and second angles, and select the candidate crack direction with the smaller angle value as the crack extension direction for constructing the crack; wherein, the two candidate crack directions include the first candidate crack direction and the second candidate crack direction; the sum of the first and second angles is... .

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the stratigraphic strike of each CMP point in the depth domain and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fractures based on the stratigraphic strike includes: Determine the preset surface element of the CMP point, and use a bivariate quadratic polynomial to fit the surface function of the surface element to determine at least two calculation parameters; The gradient vector of the CMP point is determined based on the at least two calculation parameters, and the stratigraphic dip of the CMP point is determined based on the gradient vector. The strike of the CMP point is determined based on the stratigraphic dip, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture is determined based on the stratigraphic strike of the CMP point; wherein the stratigraphic dip of the CMP point is perpendicular to the stratigraphic strike.

3. A device for determining the direction of structural crack extension, characterized in that, The device includes: The fracture constraint direction determination module is used to determine the time-domain stratigraphic position of the target reservoir with structural fractures and convert the time-domain stratigraphic position of the target reservoir into the depth-domain stratigraphic position; determine the stratigraphic strike of each CMP point in the depth-domain stratigraphic position, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture based on the stratigraphic strike; wherein, the stratigraphic strike is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture, and the CMP point represents the common center point. The fracture candidate direction determination module is used to determine two candidate fracture directions for structural fractures based on at least four amplitudes from the azimuth gather using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method; wherein the amplitudes include the azimuth and the incident angle; The crack extension direction determination module is used to determine the angle between the crack constraint direction and the two crack candidate directions, and to determine the crack extension direction of the constructed crack from the two crack candidate directions based on the angle between the directions. The crack constraint direction determination module is specifically used for: Determine each CMP point on the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir with structural fractures; transform each CMP point to convert the time-domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth-domain horizon; wherein, the depth-domain horizon is obtained by scaling the coordinates of each CMP point on the time-domain horizon in three coordinate axes respectively; The crack candidate direction determination module is specifically used for: Based on at least four amplitudes gathered from the azimuth angle, and the azimuth and incident angle of the amplitudes, the anisotropic gradient parameters and the normal parameters of the crack surface are determined; based on the anisotropic gradient parameters and the normal parameters of the crack surface, two alternative crack directions for constructing the crack are determined. The crack extension direction determination module is specifically used for: Determine the first angle between the crack constraint direction and the first candidate crack direction; determine the second angle between the crack constraint direction and the second candidate crack direction; determine the angle value between the first and second angles, and select the candidate crack direction with the smaller angle value as the crack extension direction for constructing the crack; wherein, the two candidate crack directions include the first candidate crack direction and the second candidate crack direction; the sum of the first and second angles is... .

4. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; Storage device for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method for determining the direction of structural crack propagation as described in any of claims 1-2.

5. A storage medium containing computer-executable instructions, characterized in that, The computer-executable instructions, when executed by a computer processor, are used to perform the method for determining the direction of structural crack propagation as described in any one of claims 1-2.

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