A Control Method, Device and Medium for a Hydrogen Subsystem of a Fuel Cell

Abstract

The present invention discloses a control method, device and medium for a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells, and is used to solve the problems of complex pipelines, large temperature differences between air and hydrogen, high internal consumption and high costs existing in the existing thermal management system, and the lack of high-precision regulation based on environmental changes, resulting in low operating efficiency. The method includes: through an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, performing flow control of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the fuel cell stack based on the flow direction of the intercooler to obtain a first coolant flow control strategy; performing flow control of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the fuel cell stack under the thermal management system to obtain a second coolant flow control strategy; according to the temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm, and based on a three-way valve, performing valve opening shunt control of the coolant between the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the fuel cell stack to obtain a third coolant flow control strategy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly to a control method, device and medium for a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem. Background Art

[0002] During the operation of a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen undergo an electrochemical reaction on the electrodes to generate electrical energy and water. Since water is mainly generated on the air side, effective gas-liquid separation is crucial for maintaining the performance of the fuel cell stack. The recycled gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell stack contains unconsumed hydrogen, nitrogen, and some liquid water droplets. If liquid water enters the fuel cell stack, it may cause flooding, which will seriously affect the air permeability and reaction activity of the internal structure of the fuel cell stack, thereby reducing the efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0003] The liquid water and unreacted gas separated by the gas-liquid separator can prevent liquid water from entering the fuel cell stack and avoid flooding, which helps to maintain the air permeability and reaction activity of the internal structure of the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the efficiency of the fuel cell. In existing tail gas recovery and utilization devices, there are mainly components such as gas-liquid separators and drying towers, which can effectively recover and utilize the residual fuel and heat in the fuel cell tail gas.

[0004] In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a large amount of water is required to keep the membrane in a hydrated state, especially in high-power applications or long-term operations. In related cases, it is mentioned that when the temperature at the outlet of the condenser is higher than the theoretical temperature, the recovered water is not sufficient for air humidification. The integrated device design using the coolant separated by the fuel cell gas-liquid separator for cooling air in the intercooler and taking away the heat of the fuel cell stack by the thermal management system involves many aspects such as the efficient operation of the fuel cell and the performance optimization of the gas-liquid separator, and these factors jointly promote the development and application of related technologies.

[0005] Traditional PID control methods have limitations in improving performance and rely heavily on the accuracy of real-time information feedback of the fuel cell thermal management system. Due to the complex pipeline structure of the high-power fuel cell thermal management system and the high viscosity of the coolant, there is an obvious hysteresis between the system feedback output and the actuator operation in the closed-loop control, resulting in a large error between the real-time feedback value and the true feedback value, causing significant overshoot and fluctuations, and at the same time, it is difficult to ensure the system dynamic response speed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Embodiments of this application provide a control method, device and medium for a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem to solve the following technical problems:

[0007] (1) In the coolant circulation loop, when the coolant is lost, it is necessary to quickly replenish the lost coolant. In the current mainstream technical solutions of fuel cell gas-water separators, the liquid water separated by the gas-water separator is mainly processed and utilized by returning to the anode circulation, discharging at the cathode tail, recycling hydrogen, discharging at the drainage outlet, and discharging through automatic liquid level control. However, the existing systems may not be able to detect the cooling liquid level in a timely and accurate manner, resulting in low efficiency of replenishing the coolant.

[0008] (2) In the fuel cell system, a large amount of heat is generated during the power generation process of the stack, and it is necessary to remove the heat through a cooling fluid to control the temperature of the stack. The existing thermal management systems have problems such as complex pipelines, large temperature differences between air and hydrogen, high internal consumption, and high costs, and there is no high-precision regulation based on environmental changes, resulting in low operating efficiency.

[0009] (3) The control objects of the circulation pump and the radiator are strongly correlated, so they will be coupled with each other, resulting in large fluctuations in the stack temperature, and even possible situations such as short-term high temperature and long adjustment time, which is not conducive to the normal operation performance of the stack and will also shorten the life of the fuel cell.

[0010] The embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0011] On the one hand, the embodiments of the present application provide a control method for a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem, including: through an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, performing flow control of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant based on the flow direction of the intercooler to obtain a first coolant flow control strategy; based on the input deviation between the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the stack, performing flow control of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant under the thermal management system to obtain a second coolant flow control strategy; according to the temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm, and based on a three-way valve, performing valve opening diversion control of the coolant between the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant to obtain a third coolant flow control strategy.

[0012] In the embodiments of the present application, by optimizing the circulation path of the coolant, the device reduces energy loss and improves the thermal efficiency of the system. It can maintain the temperature and pressure of the coolant within a certain range. Through effective gas-water separation and temperature control, it protects the performance of the fuel cell stack and reduces damage caused by temperature fluctuations or moisture, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of fuel cells and other components of the thermal management system. By precisely controlling the valve opening, an adaptive fuzzy PID control method based on the temperature change of the fuel cell stack and the coolant flow rate change is adopted to achieve precise control of the valve opening, dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate to maintain the stable temperature of the fuel cell stack, and improve the reliability and adaptability of the system. Through an integrated design, the coolant separated by the gas-water separator is used in the parallel circuit of the intercooler and the cooling cycle, which can effectively recover and utilize the heat of the coolant and reduce the dependence on external cooling resources. The integrated design and the application of high-performance components reduce heat loss and system complexity, improve the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump system, and reduce energy consumption.

[0013] In a feasible implementation manner, through an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the flow direction control of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the fuel cell stack is performed based on the flow direction of the intercooler to obtain a first coolant flow direction control strategy, which specifically includes: through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, obtaining the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, and determining the temperature deviation and the temperature deviation rate between the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature as the input quantities of the coolant flow direction control system; according to the input quantities, collecting the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system; wherein, the thermal management system includes: a PTC module and a radiator module; if the first current temperature is greater than the second current temperature, then through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, determining the gas temperature in the air path as the priority control strategy; based on the priority control strategy, performing a connection opening process on the outlet pipe of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the three-way valve, and performing an opening control on the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve, and performing a closing control on the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve; wherein, the three-way valve is connected to the coolant outlet pipe of the fuel cell stack coolant; controlling the coolant of the fuel cell stack and the coolant in the gas-water separator to converge in the three-way valve and determining it as the converged coolant; inputting the converged coolant into the intercooler, and inputting the converged coolant with reduced temperature into the connection valve; through the connection valve, inputting the converged coolant with reduced temperature into the coolant inlet pipe, and through the coolant inlet pipe, supplying the converged coolant to the fuel cell stack; based on the PID control process participated by the intercooler, generating the first coolant flow direction control strategy.

[0014] In a feasible implementation manner, based on the input quantity deviation between the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the stack, the flow direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the stack is controlled based on the heat management system to obtain a second coolant flow direction control strategy, which specifically includes: through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, performing deviation control on the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the stack under the relevant output performance to obtain the input quantity deviation; based on the input quantity deviation, comparing and judging the temperature difference between the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the heat management system; if the second current temperature is greater than the first current temperature, then through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, determining the coolant circulation in the heat management system as the priority control strategy; controlling the opening of the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve, and controlling the closing of the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve; through the three-way valve, inputting the coolant in the gas-water separator into the thermostat; through the thermostat, performing confluence control on the coolant in the gas-water separator and the stack coolant to determine the converged coolant; and inputting the converged coolant into the heat management system; through the heat management system and the corresponding connected cooling pump, performing cooling circulation control on the converged coolant, and supplying the converged coolant after the cooling circulation control to the stack through the coolant inlet pipe; based on the PID control process participated by the heat management system, generating the second coolant flow direction control strategy.

[0015] In a feasible implementation manner, the control algorithm is adjusted according to the temperature feedback, and based on a three-way valve, the valve opening degree of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the fuel cell stack is controlled for flow splitting, so as to obtain a third coolant flow direction control strategy, which specifically includes: according to a preset temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm, performing valve opening degree flow splitting control on the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system under the real-time working conditions, so as to obtain the valve opening degree parameter of the three-way valve; wherein, under the control of the valve opening degree parameter, both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe between the three-way valve and the thermostat are in an open state; based on the valve opening degree parameter, performing flow splitting control on the coolant in the gas-water separator, so as to obtain a first coolant flow rate flowing to the thermostat and a second coolant flow rate flowing to the intercooler; based on the valve opening degree parameter, performing flow splitting control on the fuel cell stack coolant, so as to obtain a third coolant flow rate flowing to the thermal management system and a fourth coolant flow rate flowing to the three-way valve; controlling both the first coolant flow rate and the third coolant flow rate to flow to the thermal management system and outputting them to a connection valve, so as to obtain a first cooling cycle control; controlling both the second coolant flow rate and the fourth coolant flow rate to flow to the intercooler and outputting them to a connection valve, so as to obtain a second cooling cycle control; based on the temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm, the first cooling cycle control and the second cooling cycle control, generating the third coolant flow direction control strategy.

[0016] In a feasible implementation manner, basic input signals in the three-way valve and the thermostat are collected; wherein, the basic input signals at least include: fuel cell stack current, flow pressure, coolant flow rate value and temperature difference parameter; the second current temperature in the thermal management system and the first current temperature in the intercooler are collected; based on the second current temperature and the first current temperature, the real-time temperature deviation and the real-time temperature deviation rate of the coolant flow direction control system are determined; the PID controller and the fuzzy controller are combined for control to obtain the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; and the real-time temperature deviation, the real-time temperature deviation rate and the basic input signals are all input into the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; according to the three parameters output by the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, dynamic and static online control is performed on the first coolant flow direction control strategy, the second coolant flow direction control strategy and the third coolant flow direction control strategy in the coolant flow direction control system, so as to obtain the overall coolant control amount at each moment.

[0017] Second aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a control device for a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem. The control device for the fuel cell hydrogen subsystem includes: a gas-water separator, a thermostat, a three-way valve, an intercooler, a thermal management system, and a connection valve; the gas-water separator is connected to the three-way valve; the three-way valve is respectively connected to the thermostat and the intercooler; the thermostat is connected to the thermal management system; the intercooler and the thermal management system are respectively connected to the connection valve.

[0018] In a feasible implementation manner, the coolant outlet pipe of the fuel cell coolant is connected to the thermostat; the inlet pipe of the fuel cell coolant is connected to the connection valve.

[0019] In a feasible implementation manner, a pressure sensor and a deionizer are sequentially connected between the gas-water separator and the three-way valve; a second temperature sensor and a coolant pump are sequentially connected between the thermal management system and the connection valve; a mass flow meter is connected between the intercooler and the connection valve; a first temperature sensor is connected between the intercooler and the cathode outlet.

[0020] In a feasible implementation manner, a dual-channel connection is provided between the three-way valve and the thermostat; when the coolant flow control system is in the first coolant flow control strategy, control the inlet pipe of the thermostat connected to the coolant outlet of the three-way valve to open and correspondingly control the outlet pipe to close; when the coolant flow control system is in the second coolant flow control strategy, control the inlet pipe of the thermostat connected to the coolant outlet of the three-way valve to close and correspondingly control the outlet pipe to open; when the coolant flow control system is in the third coolant flow control strategy, control both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe of the thermostat connected to the coolant outlet of the three-way valve to be in an open state, and control the valve opening parameter of the three-way valve according to a preset temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm.

[0021] Third aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a non-volatile computer storage medium. The storage medium is a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The non-volatile computer-readable storage medium stores at least one program, and each program includes instructions. When the instructions are executed by a terminal, the terminal is caused to execute a method for controlling a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem according to any one of the above embodiments.

[0022] The present application provides a method, device, and medium for controlling a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem. Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] In the embodiments of the present application, by optimizing the circulation path of the coolant, the device reduces energy loss and improves the thermal efficiency of the system. It can keep the temperature and pressure of the coolant within a certain range. Through effective gas-water separation and temperature control, it protects the performance of the fuel cell stack and reduces damage caused by temperature fluctuations or moisture, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of the fuel cell and other components of the thermal management system. By precisely controlling the valve opening and adopting an adaptive fuzzy PID control method based on the temperature change of the fuel cell stack and the change of coolant flow rate, precise control of the valve opening is achieved, and the coolant flow rate is dynamically adjusted to maintain the stability of the fuel cell stack temperature, improving the reliability and adaptability of the system. Through integrated design, the coolant separated by the gas-water separator is used in the parallel circuit of the intercooler and the cooling cycle, which can effectively recover and utilize the heat of the coolant and reduce the dependence on external cooling resources. The integrated design and the application of high-performance components reduce heat loss and system complexity, improve the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump system, and reduce energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a control method for a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a control device for a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first control flow direction in a control device for a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second control flow direction in a control device for a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the third control flow direction in a control device for a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a PID control flowchart of a coolant flow control system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Among them, as Figure 2 、 3, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the device includes: a gas-liquid separator 1, a pressure sensor 2, a deionizer 3, a thermostat 4, a three-way valve 5, a first temperature sensor 6, a radiator 7, a PTC heater 8, an intercooler 9, a second temperature sensor 10, a mass flow meter 11, a coolant pump 12, and a connection valve (three-way valve) 13. Detailed implementation

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] It should be noted that the fuel cell generates heat during operation. If this heat cannot be discharged in time, the temperature of the stack will gradually increase. An appropriate temperature can improve the activity of the catalyst and the proton transfer rate on the proton exchange membrane, thereby increasing the electro-chemical reaction rate and reaction current, and enhancing the performance of the stack. However, too high a temperature will cause dehydration of the proton exchange membrane and a decrease in conductivity, affecting performance and even damaging the membrane material. Therefore, maintaining the optimal operating temperature range for normal electro-chemical reactions inside the stack (usually between 70 and 80 °C) is crucial for maintaining the efficiency of the fuel cell and extending its service life. Circulating the cooling medium to remove heat is the main heat dissipation path of the fuel cell. Therefore, through the setting of the integrated device, it is crucial to reasonably control the circulation direction of the coolant in the gas-liquid separator and achieve precise control of the stack temperature by combining the temperature control of the radiator and the intercooler.

[0034] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the outlet end of the anode of the gas-water separator 1 is connected to the outlet pipe of hydrogen, and the inlet end of the anode is connected to the inlet pipe of hydrogen, and a hydrogen circulation pump can be connected to realize reuse. The fuel cell gas-water separator 1 mainly separates liquid water and unreacted gas. The separated liquid water can be transmitted to the intercooler 9 after deionization to reduce the temperature of the gas in the air path pipeline. One end of the three-way valve 5 is connected to the water chamber of the gas-water separator 1, and the other end is connected to the coolant inlet pipe of the intercooler 9. A mass flow meter 11 is arranged at the coolant outlet pipe of the intercooler 9 to monitor the flow rate of the coolant in real time, optimize the performance of the cooling system, and ensure operation within a suitable temperature range. The coolant outlet pipe of the intercooler 9 is connected to the connection valve 13, and after being integrated with the coolant outlet pipe of the coolant circulation system, it is connected to the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack. In addition, the deionized liquid water of the gas-water separator 1 participates in the coolant circulation. The valve serves as a thermostat 4. One end of the three-way drain valve 5 is connected to the inlet pipe of the thermostat 4. After being integrated with the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack, it enters the pipeline loop in parallel with the radiator 7 and the PTC heater 8 to further adjust the temperature of the fuel cell stack. In addition, the outlet pipe of the thermostat 4 is connected to the inlet pipe of the three-way drain valve 5. After being integrated with the coolant outlet pipe of the water chamber of the gas-water separator 1, it is connected to the coolant inlet pipe of the intercooler 9 and serves as the coolant for cooling the air in the intercooler 9. For the opening control of the three-way drain valve 5 and the thermostat 4, an adaptive fuzzy PID controller is adopted. The deviation e and ec between the operating temperature corresponding to the most optimal output performance point and the current temperature are selected as the system input quantities. After being fuzzified, fuzzy inferred and defuzzified by the fuzzy controller and combined with the PID control, the coolant flow rate for valve opening control is obtained. Adding the coolant flow rate at the previous moment to obtain the coolant flow rate at the current moment, and then acting on the controlled system to achieve the optimal performance output of the fuel cell stack.

[0035] The embodiment of the present application provides a control method for a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem, as Figure 1 shown. The control method for the fuel cell hydrogen subsystem specifically includes steps S101 - S103:

[0036] S101. Through an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, perform flow control on the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the fuel cell stack based on the intercooler to obtain the first coolant flow control strategy.

[0037] Specifically, through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, obtain the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, and determine the temperature deviation and the temperature deviation rate between the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature as the input quantities of the coolant flow control system.

[0038] Further, according to the input quantity, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system are collected. The thermal management system includes a PTC module and a radiator module. If the first current temperature is greater than the second current temperature, the gas temperature in the air path is determined as the priority control strategy through an adaptive fuzzy PID controller.

[0039] Further, based on the priority control strategy, the outlet pipe of the coolant in the gas-liquid separator is connected and opened to the three-way valve, the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is opened, and the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is closed. The three-way valve is connected to the coolant outlet pipe of the fuel cell stack coolant.

[0040] Further, the coolant of the fuel cell stack and the coolant in the gas-liquid separator are controlled to converge in the three-way valve and determined as the converged coolant.

[0041] Further, the converged coolant is input into the intercooler, and the converged coolant with reduced temperature is input into the connection valve.

[0042] Further, through the connection valve, the converged coolant with reduced temperature is input into the coolant inlet pipe, and through the coolant inlet pipe, the converged coolant is supplied to the fuel cell stack.

[0043] Further, based on the PID control process participated by the intercooler, a first coolant flow control strategy is generated.

[0044] In one embodiment, Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first control flow direction in a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 3 shown, an adaptive fuzzy PID controller is adopted, and the deviation e and e of the operating temperature corresponding to the most output performance point and the current temperature are selected as the system input quantity. When the temperature difference detected by the first temperature sensor 6 is much greater than the temperature difference in the thermal management system (including the PCT heater 8 and the radiator 7), the coolant in the gas-liquid separator 1 gives priority to reducing the gas temperature in the air path, and the valve opening is adjusted according to the specific temperature difference. The outlet pipe of the liquid water cavity of the gas-liquid separator 1 is connected to the three-way valve 5. The inlet pipe of the three-way valve 5 connected to the coolant outlet thermostat 4 is opened, and the outlet pipe is closed. After converging in the three-way valve 5, the coolant flows to the coolant inlet pipe of the intercooler. The temperature of the gas is reduced in the intercooler 9, and then through the coolant inlet pipe of the connection valve 13, it enters the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet. At this time, by using the coolant separated by the gas-liquid separator 1 for the intercooler 9, the heat of the coolant can be effectively recovered and utilized, reducing the dependence on external cooling resources. By reducing the number of connecting pipes and valves, potential leakage points in the system can be reduced. c shown, an adaptive fuzzy PID controller is adopted, and the deviation e and e of the operating temperature corresponding to the most output performance point and the current temperature are selected as the system input quantity. When the temperature difference detected by the first temperature sensor 6 is much greater than the temperature difference in the thermal management system (including the PCT heater 8 and the radiator 7), the coolant in the gas-liquid separator 1 gives priority to reducing the gas temperature in the air path, and the valve opening is adjusted according to the specific temperature difference. The outlet pipe of the liquid water cavity of the gas-liquid separator 1 is connected to the three-way valve 5. The inlet pipe of the three-way valve 5 connected to the coolant outlet thermostat 4 is opened, and the outlet pipe is closed. After converging in the three-way valve 5, the coolant flows to the coolant inlet pipe of the intercooler. The temperature of the gas is reduced in the intercooler 9, and then through the coolant inlet pipe of the connection valve 13, it enters the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet. At this time, by using the coolant separated by the gas-liquid separator 1 for the intercooler 9, the heat of the coolant can be effectively recovered and utilized, reducing the dependence on external cooling resources. By reducing the number of connecting pipes and valves, potential leakage points in the system can be reduced.

[0045] S102. Based on the input deviation between the optimal operating temperature of the fuel cell stack and the current operating temperature, the coolant in the gas-water separator and the fuel cell stack coolant are flow-controlled based on the thermal management system to obtain a second coolant flow control strategy.

[0046] Specifically, the optimal operating temperature of the fuel cell stack and the current operating temperature are controlled with respect to deviations in output performance by means of an adaptive fuzzy PID controller to obtain an input deviation.

[0047] Furthermore, based on the input deviation, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system are compared and judged. If the second current temperature is greater than the first current temperature, the coolant circulation in the thermal management system is determined as a priority control strategy through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller.

[0048] Furthermore, the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is controlled to be opened, and the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is controlled to be closed.

[0049] Furthermore, the coolant in the gas-water separator is input into the thermostat through the three-way valve.

[0050] Furthermore, the coolant in the gas-water separator is controlled to merge with the stack coolant through a thermostat to determine the collected coolant, and the collected coolant is input into the thermal management system.

[0051] Furthermore, the collected coolant is subjected to cooling cycle control through the thermal management system and the correspondingly connected cooling pump, and the collected coolant after cooling cycle control is supplied to the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet pipe.

[0052] Furthermore, based on the PID control process in which the thermal management system participates, a second coolant flow direction control strategy is generated.

[0053] In one embodiment, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second control flow in a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, by recycling the heat in the coolant separated by the gas-water separator 1, energy waste can be reduced. The separated coolant is re-entered into the thermal management system, which can more accurately control the temperature of the battery stack and maintain it within the optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving the performance and life of the battery stack. Adopting an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the deviation e and e corresponding to the operating temperature of the most output performance point and the current temperature are selected. cAs the system input quantity. When the temperature difference detected by the second temperature sensor 10 is much larger than the air path temperature difference, the coolant in the gas-water separator 1 is preferentially considered to participate in the coolant circulation in the thermal management system. The outlet pipe of the three-way valve 5 connected to the thermostat 4 is opened, and the inlet pipe of the three-way valve 5 is closed. The liquid water chamber of the gas-water separator 1 is connected to the inlet pipe of the three-way valve 5. After converging at the inlet pipe of the thermostat 4, it participates in the coolant circulation, takes away the excess heat through the thermostat 4, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the coolant outlet.

[0054] S103. According to the temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm and based on the three-way valve, perform coolant valve opening degree shunt control between the coolant in the gas-water separator and the fuel cell stack coolant to obtain the third coolant flow control strategy.

[0055] Specifically, according to the preset temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm, perform valve opening degree shunt control on the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system under the real-time working conditions to obtain the valve opening degree parameters of the three-way valve. Among them, under the control of the valve opening degree parameters, both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe between the three-way valve and the thermostat are in the open state.

[0056] Further, based on the valve opening degree parameters, perform flow shunt control on the coolant in the gas-water separator to obtain the first coolant flow rate flowing to the thermostat and the second coolant flow rate flowing to the intercooler.

[0057] Further, based on the valve opening degree parameters, perform flow shunt control on the fuel cell stack coolant to obtain the third coolant flow rate flowing to the thermal management system and the fourth coolant flow rate flowing to the three-way valve.

[0058] Further, control both the first coolant flow rate and the third coolant flow rate to flow to the thermal management system and output them to the connecting valve to obtain the first cooling cycle control.

[0059] Further, control both the second coolant flow rate and the fourth coolant flow rate to flow to the intercooler and output them to the connecting valve to obtain the second cooling cycle control.

[0060] Further, based on the temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm, the first cooling cycle control, and the second cooling cycle control, generate the third coolant flow control strategy.

[0061] In one embodiment, Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the third control flow direction in a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device provided by an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 5As shown, an integrated coolant circuit design is adopted, where the gas-water separator 1 and the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack are combined to form a unified coolant circulation system. This design can reduce the complexity of the system. Temperature sensors are set in the system to monitor the coolant temperatures of the fuel cell stack and the intercooler 9 in real time. A three-way valve 5 is introduced to regulate the coolant flow rates into the fuel cell stack and the intercooler. By controlling the valve opening, the flow direction and flow rate of the coolant can be flexibly adjusted according to different working conditions to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the fuel cell stack and the intercooler 9. Combining with a control algorithm, the flow rate and flow direction of the coolant are adjusted according to the temperature feedback to keep the system within the optimal working temperature range. The liquid water chamber of the gas-water separator 1 is connected to the inlet pipe of the three-way valve 5. At the same time, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe connecting the three-way valve 5 and the thermostat 4 are both opened. The control algorithm is adjusted according to the temperature feedback. The valve opening is controlled, and based on the valve opening parameter, the flow rates of the gas-water separator flowing into the coolant circulation system and the intercooler system are controlled.

[0062] As a feasible implementation, as Figure 2 shown. Basic input signals in the three-way valve 5 and the thermostat 4 can be collected by using a pressure sensor 2, a deionizer 3, a mass flow meter 11, a first temperature sensor 6, a second temperature sensor 10, etc. Among them, the basic input signals at least include: fuel cell stack current, flow pressure, coolant flow rate value, and temperature difference parameter. The second current temperature in the thermal management system and the first current temperature in the intercooler are collected. Based on the second current temperature and the first current temperature, the real-time temperature deviation and real-time temperature deviation rate of the coolant flow control system are determined. The PID controller and the fuzzy controller are combined for control to obtain an adaptive fuzzy PID controller. And the real-time temperature deviation, real-time temperature deviation rate, and basic input signals are all input into the adaptive fuzzy PID controller. According to the three parameters output by the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, dynamic and static online control is performed on the first coolant flow control strategy, the second coolant flow control strategy, and the third coolant flow control strategy in the coolant flow control system to obtain the overall coolant control quantity at each moment.

[0063] In one embodiment, Figure 6 is a PID control flowchart of a coolant flow control system provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 6 shown, it is necessary to calculate the current PID parameter value by combining the temperature deviation and fuzzy inference tuning, etc., and update the corresponding PID parameters in real time and input them into the PID controller, so as to output the current control output quantity and complete the overall control of the coolant diversion in the coolant flow control system at each moment.

[0064] In one embodiment, a traditional PID controller is combined with a fuzzy controller. The temperature deviation e and the temperature deviation rate ec are used as input variables to input into the fuzzy controller, obtaining the tuning quantities △KP, △Ki, and △Kd for controlling the three PID parameters, which are respectively applied to the three PID parameters. Finally, the three parameters KP, Ki, and Kd of the PID controller are output. By establishing a two-dimensional fuzzy inference logic and using fuzzy control rules, the online tuning of PID parameters is realized. During the operation of the controller, it is necessary to continuously detect the changes in e and ec, and then perform fuzzy inference according to the fuzzy rules to online adjust the values of the three control parameters of the PID, so as to meet the different requirements of the control parameters caused by different e and ec, making the control system have better dynamic and static performance, specifically including:

[0065] Step 1: Fuzzification

[0066] The basic domain of the deviation e in the control strategy is set as [-1.2, 1.2], and the fuzzy domain can be selected as [-6, 6], which can realize the quantization of the temperature deviation from the basic domain. The basic domain of the temperature deviation rate ec is set as [-0.06, 0.06]. The basic domain of the PID parameter △KP is set as [-3.3, 3.3], the basic domain of △Ki is set as [-0.08, 0.08], and the basic domain of △Kd is set as [-0.08, 0.08]. The fuzzy domain is also selected as [-6, 6]. The quantization factor and the scale factor are respectively as shown in the formula: k e = 200; k ec = 30; k up = 50; k ui = 1.2; k ud = 1.2.

[0067] Step 2: Formulate fuzzy rules

[0068] When the temperature deviation e is a large positive value, that is, e = PB, it means that the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack is relatively low at this moment, far from reaching the desired optimal output performance point. At this time, the direction in which the controller should act is to rapidly increase the temperature of the system to achieve the optimal output under the current load current. When the temperature deviation e is a large negative value, that is, e = NB, it means that the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack is relatively high at this moment, much higher than the operating temperature corresponding to the desired optimal power point. At this time, the direction in which the controller should act is to rapidly decrease the temperature of the system to achieve the optimal output under the current load current, and the air circulation rate inside the fuel cell stack should be accelerated as much as possible to take away more heat. At this time, the △K P selected by the fuzzy controller are all large values, that is, △K P = PB, to ensure that the system can be stabilized to the maximum power point as much as possible. If the temperature deviation rate e c is large, the adjustment can be achieved through a large △K d ; if the temperature deviation rate e cIf it is small, adjustment can be achieved through a small △K. d Realize adjustment.

[0069] When the temperature deviation e is a small value, that is, e = PS or NS, it means that the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack is close to the optimal power point at the current load current. At this time, through the temperature deviation rate e c To adjust the three parameter increments of the PID. When the temperature deviation rate e c Is a large positive / negative value, △K P And △K i Can select larger values.

[0070] Step 3: Defuzzification

[0071] Using the formula:

[0072] After fuzzy inference, the result is still a fuzzy quantity. The weighted average method is used to defuzzify the inference result to obtain the accurate increment values △K P 、△K i 、△K d Then, obtain the three parameters K c 、K P 、K i 、K d Of the PID controller under the current deviation e and deviation rate e

[0073] In addition, the embodiment of the present application also provides a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device, as Figure 2 Shown, the fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device mainly includes: a gas-water separator 1, a thermostat 4, a three-way valve 5, an intercooler 9, a thermal management system (including a PTC heater 8 and a radiator 7), and a connection valve 13. The gas-water separator 1 is connected to the three-way valve 5. The three-way valve 5 is respectively connected to the thermostat 4 and the intercooler 9. The thermostat 4 is connected to the thermal management system. The intercooler 9 and the thermal management system are respectively connected to the connection valve 13.

[0074] Preferably, the coolant outlet pipe of the fuel cell stack is connected to the thermostat 4. The coolant inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack is connected to the connection valve 13.

[0075] Preferably, a pressure sensor 2 and a deionizer 3 are sequentially connected between the gas-water separator 1 and the three-way valve 5. A second temperature sensor 10 and a coolant pump 12 are sequentially connected between the thermal management system and the connection valve 13. A mass flow meter 11 is connected between the intercooler 9 and the connection valve 13. A first temperature sensor 6 is connected between the intercooler 9 and the cathode outlet.

[0076] As a feasible implementation, as Figure 2 shown, there is a dual-channel connection between the three-way valve 5 and the thermostat 4. When the coolant flow control system is in the first coolant flow control strategy, the control three-way valve 5 opens the inlet pipe of the thermostat 4 connecting to the coolant outlet and correspondingly closes the outlet pipe. When the coolant flow control system is in the second coolant flow control strategy, the control three-way valve 5 closes the inlet pipe of the thermostat 4 connecting to the coolant outlet and correspondingly opens the outlet pipe. When the coolant flow control system is in the third coolant flow control strategy, the control three-way valve 5 opens both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe of the thermostat 4 connecting to the coolant outlet, and according to the preset temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm, controls the valve opening parameters of the three-way valve 5 and / or the thermostat 4.

[0077] The present application proposes a control method for a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem, and in combination with a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device, combines a gas-water separator, an intercooler in the air path, and a coolant circulation system of the fuel cell stack to achieve efficient recycling of the coolant and stable control of the fuel cell stack temperature. By optimizing the coolant circulation path, energy loss is reduced and the thermal efficiency of the system is improved. In addition, the control device also includes an intelligent control system, that is, the adaptive fuzzy PID control strategy in the fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method, which can dynamically adjust the flow rate and temperature of the coolant according to the actual operating state of the fuel cell stack to maintain the fuel cell stack within the optimal operating temperature range, thereby extending the service life of the fuel cell stack and improving the overall performance. An adaptive fuzzy PID control method based on the fuel cell stack temperature change and the coolant flow rate change is used to accurately control the valve opening. By real-time monitoring the changes in the fuel cell stack temperature and the coolant flow rate, the parameters of the PID controller are dynamically adjusted to achieve accurate control of the valve opening. The design and operation of the fuel cell gas-water separator are of great significance for improving the efficiency of the fuel cell, protecting the performance of the fuel cell stack, realizing resource recycling, maintaining the stability of the fuel cell stack temperature, improving the reliability of the system, and enhancing the system control strategy.

[0078] Each embodiment in the present application is described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between each embodiment can be referred to each other, and the key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device and medium embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiments.

[0079] The devices, media, and methods provided by the embodiments of the present application correspond one-to-one. Therefore, the devices and media also have beneficial technical effects similar to those of their corresponding methods. Since the beneficial technical effects of the methods have been described in detail above, the beneficial technical effects of the devices and media will not be elaborated here.

[0080] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk memories, CD-ROMs, optical memories, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0081] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processors of general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, embedded processors, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processors of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more flows and / or Figure 1 blocks.

[0082] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means that implement the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more flows and / or Figure 1 blocks.

[0083] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process. Thus, the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more flows and / or Figure 1 blocks.

[0084] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), an input / output interface, a network interface, and a memory.

[0085] The memory may include non-permanent memory in the form of computer-readable media, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0086] Computer-readable media includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information by any method or technology. The information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transitory media such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0087] It should also be noted that the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

[0088] The above description is only for the embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included within the scope of the specification of the present application.

Claims

1. A control method for a hydrogen subsystem of a fuel cell, characterized in that The method includes: Through an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the flow direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the fuel cell stack is controlled based on the flow direction of the intercooler to obtain a first coolant flow direction control strategy, which specifically includes: Through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the fuel cell stack are obtained, and the temperature deviation and the temperature deviation rate between the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature are determined as the input quantities of the coolant flow direction control system; According to the input quantities, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system are collected; wherein, the thermal management system includes: a PTC module and a radiator module; If the first current temperature is greater than the second current temperature, the gas temperature in the air path is determined as the priority control strategy through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; Based on the priority control strategy, the outlet pipe of the coolant in the gas-water separator is connected and opened to the three-way valve, and the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is opened, and the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve is closed; wherein, the three-way valve is connected to the coolant outlet pipe of the fuel cell stack coolant; Control the coolant of the fuel cell stack and the coolant in the gas-water separator to converge in the three-way valve and determine it as the converged coolant; Input the converged coolant into the intercooler, and input the converged coolant with reduced temperature into the connection valve; Through the connection valve, input the converged coolant with reduced temperature into the coolant inlet pipe, and supply the converged coolant to the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet pipe; Generate the first coolant flow direction control strategy based on the PID control process participated by the intercooler; Based on the input quantity deviation between the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, the flow direction of the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the fuel cell stack is controlled based on the thermal management system to obtain a second coolant flow direction control strategy, which specifically includes: Through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, deviation control of the optimal operating temperature and the current operating temperature of the fuel cell stack under the relevant output performance is performed to obtain the input quantity deviation; Based on the input quantity deviation, a temperature difference comparison and judgment are performed on the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the thermal management system; If the second current temperature is greater than the first current temperature, the coolant circulation in the thermal management system is determined as the priority control strategy through the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; Open the outlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve, and close the inlet pipe between the thermostat and the three-way valve; Input the coolant in the gas-water separator into the thermostat through the three-way valve; Through the thermostat, the coolant in the gas-water separator and the coolant of the fuel cell stack are converged and controlled to determine it as the collected coolant; and the collected coolant is input into the thermal management system; Through the heat management system and the correspondingly connected cooling pump, the collected coolant is controlled for cooling circulation, and the cooled and circulated collected coolant is supplied to the fuel cell stack through the coolant inlet pipe; Based on the PID control process participated by the heat management system, the second coolant flow control strategy is generated; According to the temperature feedback regulation control algorithm and based on the three-way valve, the valve opening degree of the coolant between the coolant in the gas-water separator and the fuel cell stack coolant is controlled for flow splitting, and the third coolant flow control strategy is obtained, which specifically includes: According to the preset temperature feedback regulation control algorithm, the first current temperature of the intercooler and the second current temperature of the heat management system are subjected to valve opening degree flow splitting control under the real-time working conditions, and the valve opening degree parameter of the three-way valve is obtained; wherein, under the control of the valve opening degree parameter, both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe between the three-way valve and the thermostat are in the open state; Based on the valve opening degree parameter, the flow splitting control of the coolant in the gas-water separator is carried out to obtain the first coolant flow rate flowing to the thermostat and the second coolant flow rate flowing to the intercooler; Based on the valve opening degree parameter, the flow splitting control of the fuel cell stack coolant is carried out to obtain the third coolant flow rate flowing to the heat management system and the fourth coolant flow rate flowing to the three-way valve; Control the first coolant flow rate and the third coolant flow rate to both flow to the heat management system and output to the connecting valve to obtain the first cooling circulation control; Control the second coolant flow rate and the fourth coolant flow rate to both flow to the intercooler and output to the connecting valve to obtain the second cooling circulation control; Based on the temperature feedback regulation control algorithm, the first cooling circulation control and the second cooling circulation control, the third coolant flow control strategy is generated.

2. The control method of a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem according to claim 1, characterized in that Collect the basic input signals in the three-way valve and the thermostat; wherein, the basic input signals at least include: fuel cell stack current, flow pressure, coolant flow rate value and temperature difference parameter; Collect the second current temperature in the heat management system and the first current temperature in the intercooler; based on the second current temperature and the first current temperature, the real-time temperature deviation and the real-time temperature deviation rate of the coolant flow control system are determined; The PID controller and the fuzzy controller are combined for control to obtain the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; and the real-time temperature deviation, the real-time temperature deviation rate and the basic input signals are all input into the adaptive fuzzy PID controller; According to the three parameters output by the adaptive fuzzy PID controller, the first coolant flow control strategy, the second coolant flow control strategy and the third coolant flow control strategy in the coolant flow control system are subjected to dynamic and static online control to obtain the overall coolant control amount at each moment.

3. A fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device that applies and executes a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device includes: a gas-water separator, a thermostat, a three-way valve, an intercooler, a thermal management system, and a connection valve; The gas-water separator is connected to the three-way valve; the three-way valve is respectively connected to the thermostat and the intercooler; the thermostat is connected to the thermal management system; the intercooler and the thermal management system are respectively connected to the connection valve.

4. The fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device according to claim 3, characterized in that The coolant outlet pipe of the stack coolant is connected to the thermostat; The inlet pipe of the stack coolant is connected to the connection valve.

5. The fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control device according to claim 3, characterized in that A pressure sensor and a deionizer are sequentially connected between the gas-water separator and the three-way valve; A second temperature sensor and a coolant pump are sequentially connected between the thermal management system and the connection valve; A mass flow meter is connected between the intercooler and the connection valve; A first temperature sensor is connected between the intercooler and the cathode outlet.

6. The control device of a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem according to claim 3, characterized in that, A dual-channel connection is provided between the three-way valve and the thermostat; When the coolant flow control system is in the first coolant flow control strategy, control the inlet pipe of the thermostat connecting the coolant outlet of the three-way valve to open and correspondingly control the outlet pipe to close; When the coolant flow control system is in the second coolant flow control strategy, control the inlet pipe of the thermostat connecting the coolant outlet of the three-way valve to close and correspondingly control the outlet pipe to open; When the coolant flow control system is in the third coolant flow control strategy, control both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe of the thermostat connecting the coolant outlet of the three-way valve to be in an open state, and control the valve opening parameter of the three-way valve according to a preset temperature feedback adjustment control algorithm.

7. A non-volatile computer storage medium, characterized in that The storage medium is a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium stores at least one program, and each program includes instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the terminal, the terminal executes a fuel cell hydrogen subsystem control method according to any one of claims 1-2.

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