Handling privileges when changing geographic areas

Abstract

Techniques for handling vehicle privileges when changing a geographic area are disclosed. In some implementations, a user equipment (UE) can be configured to receive first privilege information from a first wireless node within a first geographic area associated with a first management mechanism based on a determination that the UE is within the first geographic area; operating the UE according to a first set of behavioral rules based on determining that the UE is within the overlap region; and receiving second privilege information from a second wireless node within the second geographic area, the second privilege information configured to enable the UE to operate according to a second set of behavioral rules determined by a second management mechanism when within the second geographic area and not within the overlap area.

Description

[0001] Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Indian Application No. 202241041640, filed on July 20, 2022, entitled “HANDLING VEHICLE PRIVILEGESWHILE CHANGING GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS,” which Indian application is assigned to the assignee of this application and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Art 1. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly to granting privileges specific to user equipment (UE) and geographic location.

[0004] 2. Related technologies

[0005] Different administrative agencies and regulatory entities may manage different geographical areas (countries, states, counties, cities, provinces, etc.). These administrative agencies may impose different rules related to UEs within their jurisdiction. For example, the usage rules of the UE or the privileges or restrictions granted to the UE may vary depending on parameters (e.g., the type of UE or its location). In particular, special privileges may be granted to a vehicle when conditions are met or when a request is made to a specific administrative agency that manages the geographical area in which the vehicle is located. Such privileges may include, among other things, access to certain lanes or enhanced traffic rules. Summary of the invention

[0006] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for receiving privileges at a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. In some embodiments, the method includes: based on determining that the UE is in a first geographic area associated with a first authority, receiving first privilege information from a first wireless node in the first geographic area, the first privilege information including a first set of behavior rules determined by the first authority; based on determining that the UE is in an overlapping area, operating the UE according to the first set of behavior rules, the overlapping area being within the communication range of the first wireless node in the first geographic area and the communication range of the second wireless node in the second geographic area associated with a second authority; and receiving second privilege information from the second wireless node in the second geographic area, the second privilege information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a second set of behavior rules determined by the second authority when it is in the second geographic area and not in the overlapping area.

[0007] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. In some embodiments, the UE includes: a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being communicatively coupled to the memory and configured to: based on determining that the UE is within a first geographic area associated with a first authority, receive first privilege information from a first wireless node within the first geographic area, the first privilege information including a first set of behavior rules determined by the first authority; based on determining that the UE is within an overlapping area, operate the UE according to the first set of behavior rules, the overlapping area being within a communication range of the first wireless node within the first geographic area and a communication range of a second wireless node within a second geographic area associated with a second authority; and receive second privilege information from the second wireless node within the second geographic area, the second privilege information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a second set of behavior rules determined by the second authority when within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

[0008] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable device is disclosed. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable device includes a storage medium having instructions, which are configured to enable a user equipment (UE) to: based on determining that the UE is in a first geographic area associated with a first authority, transmit first privileged information to a wireless node associated with the first geographic area, the first privileged information including a first set of behavior rules determined by the first authority; operate the UE based on the first set of behavior rules within the first geographic area; based on determining that the UE is in an overlapping area, continue to operate the UE according to the first set of behavior rules, the overlapping area is within the communication range of the first wireless node in the first geographic area and the communication range of the second wireless node in the second geographic area associated with the second authority; and initiate communication with the second wireless node in the second geographic area to transmit second privileged information to the second wireless node, the second privileged information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to the second set of behavior rules determined by the second authority when it is in the second geographic area and not in the overlapping area.

[0009] In another aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes: means for determining, by a wireless node within a first geographic area, the presence of a user equipment (UE) within a communication range of the wireless node; and means for transmitting, by the wireless node, privilege information to the UE, the privilege information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a set of behavior rules associated with the first geographic area when the UE is within the first geographic area or within an overlapping area created by the communication range of the wireless node and the communication range of another wireless node in another geographic area.

[0010] This summary is neither intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter nor is it intended to be used alone to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of the disclosure, any or all of the drawings, and each claim. The foregoing and other features and examples will be described in more detail in the following description, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 is a diagram of a positioning system according to an embodiment.

[0012] Figure 2 is a diagram of a 5th generation (5G) new radio (NR) positioning system, which illustrates a positioning system implemented within a 5G NR communication network (e.g., Figure 1 implementation scheme of a positioning system).

[0013] Figure 3A An example scenario is illustrated in which a user equipment (UE, e.g., a vehicle) traversing between a first geographic area and a second geographic area communicates with one or more base stations (including an RSU) in accordance with some embodiments.

[0014] Figure 3B Illustrated is a view of a UE (eg, a vehicle) within the coverage area of ​​an RSU within a first geographic area according to some embodiments.

[0015] Figure 3C Illustrated is a view of a UE (eg, a vehicle) within an overlapping area near a boundary separating a first geographic area and a second geographic area in accordance with some embodiments.

[0016] Figure 4 Another example scenario of a UE communicating with one or more base stations (including an RSU) along a path traversing between a first geographic area and a second geographic area in accordance with some embodiments is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 5 is a flowchart of a method of receiving privileges at a UE according to some embodiments.

[0018] Figure 6 is a flow chart of another method of communicating privileged information with a UE according to some embodiments.

[0019] Figure 7 is a flowchart of a method of granting privileges to a UE according to some embodiments.

[0020] Figure 8 is a block diagram of an implementation of a UE that may be utilized in implementations as described herein.

[0021] Fig. 9 is a block diagram of an implementation of a base station (eg, an RSU) that may be utilized in implementations as described herein.

[0022] Similar reference symbols in the various drawings indicate similar elements according to certain example implementations. In addition, multiple instances of an element can be indicated by adding a letter or hyphen and a second number after the first number of the element. For example, multiple instances of element 110 can be indicated as 110-1, 110-2, 110-3, etc. or 110a, 110b, 110c, etc. When only the first number is used to refer to such an element, any instance of the element should be understood (for example, the element 110 in the previous example will refer to elements 110-1, 110-2 and 110-3 or to elements 110a, 110b and 110c). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following description is directed to certain specific implementations for the purpose of describing the innovative aspects of each embodiment. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. The described specific implementations can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of sending and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals according to any communication standard, such as any of the following: the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard for ultra-wideband (UWB), the IEEE 802.11 standard (including those identified as Technical standards), Standard, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Revision A, EV-DO Revision B, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA+), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), or other known signals for communicating within a wireless, cellular or Internet of Things (IoT) network, such as a system utilizing 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or further implementations thereof.

[0024] As used herein, "RF signals" include electromagnetic waves that transmit information through the space between a transmitter (or transmitting device) and a receiver (or receiving device). As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of each RF signal through multiple channels or paths, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal.

[0025] Additionally, unless otherwise indicated, references to "reference signals," "positioning reference signals," "reference signals used for positioning," etc. may be used to refer to signals used to locate user equipment (UE). As described in more detail herein, such signals may include any of a variety of signal types, but may not necessarily be limited to positioning reference signals (PRS) as defined in relevant wireless standards.

[0026] In addition, unless otherwise specified, the term "positioning" as used herein may refer to absolute position determination, relative position determination, ranging, or a combination thereof. For the purpose of location or sensing services, such positioning may include and / or be based on timing, angle, phase or power measurements or a combination thereof (which may include RF sensing measurements).

[0027] The privilege granting authority (also referred to herein as "authority") may vary in different situations and environments. Generally speaking, the privilege granting authority may correspond to an organization that controls infrastructure, such as a local authority or private entity of a government, town, city or state, for example, a government or local authority may have outsourced the management of vehicle-related privileges (e.g., road privileges) to the private entity. Then, the signed document may only be applicable in the corresponding control area of ​​the corresponding privilege granting authority. In some cases, the signed document may be applicable to these jurisdictions based on existing mutual agreements between the corresponding privilege granting authorities of, for example, multiple jurisdictions. Therefore, if a vehicle moves from an area managed by one authority to an area managed by another authority, the vehicle may request different privileges (or signed documents) from different authorities, or may be able to use signed documents provided by one authority in an area managed by other authorities. For example, if a vehicle moves from one state to another or moves across multiple states, the vehicle may need to request multiple signed documents, if these states are managed by different authorities or may be able to use one signed document in all states, for example, if the signed document is provided by a national authority. It may be noted that the region or jurisdiction of an authority may not be strictly defined by clear boundaries, as it may be difficult to define the exact boundaries. For example, the jurisdiction of an authority may be determined by wireless nodes rather than strictly defined geographical boundaries. Therefore, there may be an intersection or overlap between the areas that two (or more) authorities may manage and control, in which case a signed document from any of these authorities may be considered valid.

[0028] As described above and as used herein, the term "signed document" refers to a document indicating one or more privileges and / or priorities temporarily or permanently assigned to a vehicle, a device associated with the vehicle (e.g., a modem or "onboard system" for communication), or a device belonging to a user (e.g., a user equipment (UE), an operator or a passenger of the vehicle). The terms "privilege certificate," "certificate," or "privilege information" are used interchangeably to refer to a "signed document." A signed document or privilege certificate may include digital data representing one or more privileges and / or priorities. For example, the document or certificate may explicitly list and name each of the one or more privileges and / or priorities, or the document may contain an encoding (e.g., a binary ASN.1 encoding) of each of the one or more privileges and / or priorities. The document may be a text document (e.g., encoded as unformatted text and possibly using Extensible Markup Language (XML)) or a binary document (e.g., encoded using Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)). The document can be signed using a digital signature based on, for example, a public key-private key pair, wherein the digital signature can include encryption using a private key of a hash of the document content (based on a known or identified hash algorithm). The recipient of the document can authenticate the document by verifying the digital signature. For example, for a digital signature based on the public key-private key pair just described, the recipient can use the public key to decrypt the digital signature and verify that the decryption result matches the hash of the document, which can be obtained by the recipient using the same known or identified hash algorithm. In this example, the public key used by the recipient to verify the digital signature can be provided and authenticated by one or more digital certificates (e.g., digital certificates defined according to ITU X.509 or IETF RFC 5280), which can be provided with the document and the digital signature. A collection of documents, digital signatures, and one or more digital certificates (if included) indicating one or more privileges and / or priorities associated with a vehicle is referred to herein as a "signed document". A signed document may also be referred to as a certificate, a signature certificate, or a privilege certificate. The use of digital signatures (e.g., based on a public-private key pair) to authenticate documents and the use of digital certificates to provide and authenticate public keys are well known in the art. Note that the term "unsigned document" is used herein to refer to a document that indicates one or more privileges and / or priorities associated with a vehicle but does not have a digital signature or one or more digital certificates.

[0029] Depending on the desired functionality, signed documents can be granted and used in different ways. In some cases, a user equipment (UE) may be co-located with a vehicle. A vehicle that receives privileges via a signed document may include a permanent or temporary onboard UE with a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) wireless communication function. In such cases, a signed document that enables privileges may be permanently or temporarily configured in the onboard UE. Alternatively, a separate UE associated with the vehicle, such as a driver's or passenger's mobile phone, may be used. In the latter case, a separate UE may act as a proxy UE for the vehicle. In either case, a UE (a permanent onboard UE or a separate UE associated with the vehicle) may receive a signed document and use V2X (e.g., using 4G / 5G sidelink signaling on a 5.9GHz wireless spectrum) (e.g., via unicast or broadcast) to send to other devices in the zone to obtain various driving privileges, and this may apply to the duration defined in the signed document or until a new signed document with changed privileges is issued.

[0030] A UE (such as a UE on a vehicle as discussed above) may be given special privileges or restrictions depending on which geographic region the vehicle is in. Such privileges and restrictions may be obtained from an authority that manages the geographic region. A base station (such as a "roadside unit" or "RSU") may use V2X communications to transmit or receive privilege information (e.g., contained in a privilege certificate) with the UE. The UE and vehicle may be configured so that the vehicle complies with the behavioral rules set forth in the privilege information.

[0031] Privileges in road traffic scenarios may be granted for any of a variety of reasons. For example, first responders (e.g., ambulance drivers, paramedics, doctors) or VIPs (e.g., diplomats, government officials, public servants) may need fast and efficient road access to avoid delays in the public interest. Transporting concrete to a construction site may be subject to time constraints to avoid the concrete from setting. The transportation of legal documents may be subject to delivery time constraints. Health and public safety workers may have travel time deadlines. Attendees at important events may need help arriving in time. Airport travelers may need to go to the airport to catch an approaching flight. Tourists or temporary visitors may enjoy their visit to the area more.

[0032] Privileges may be granted to enhance the behavioral rules regarding traffic rules, which may allow more favorable traffic rules to be applied to UEs and / or vehicles. Such enhancements may include a variety of modified rules, such as the use of special lanes, higher speed limits, shorter waiting times at traffic lights, or similar rules.

[0033] Typically, a UE moves from one geographic area managed by one authority to another geographic area managed by another authority. For example, a UE may move from one state to another, from one county to another, from one city to another, from one province to another, from one country to another, or even from one locally designated area (e.g., a park) to another locally designated area. In these cases, if the user of the UE (e.g., the driver of a vehicle) wishes to enjoy privileges, the UE will need privilege information (e.g., a privilege certificate) from each of these authorities. In some cases, if the UE moves to an area managed by another authority for which the UE does not have a privilege certificate, the privilege will be revoked.

[0034] However, although geographic regions may be defined geographically and separated by borders or boundaries, there are situations where a UE must resolve conflicts between rules imposed by two geographic regions. As a UE moves from one authority to another, it may enter an overlapping region where it receives privilege certificates from RSUs in multiple geographic regions. Therefore, there is a need to handle privileges for a UE as it moves from one geographic region to another.

[0035] Figure 1 is a simplified illustration of a communication system 100 according to an embodiment in which a UE 105, a location server 160, and / or other components of the communication system 100 may use the techniques provided herein for communicating with wireless nodes to, for example, handle privileges when changing geographic regions. The techniques described herein may be implemented by one or more components of the communication system 100. The communication system 100 may include: a UE 105; one or more satellites 110 (also referred to as space vehicles (SVs)) for a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as a global positioning system (GPS), GLONASS, Galileo, or BeiDou; a base station 120; an access point (AP) 130; a location server 160; a network 170; and an external client 180. In general, the communication system 100 may estimate the location of the UE 105 based on RF signals received by and / or transmitted from the UE 105 and the known locations of other components (e.g., GNSS satellites 110, base stations 120, APs 130) that send and / or receive RF signals. Reference Figure 2 Additional details regarding specific location estimation techniques are discussed in more detail.

[0036] It should be noted that Figure 1Only a generalized illustration of various components is provided, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate, and each of which may be repeated as needed. Specifically, although only one UE 105 is illustrated, it should be understood that many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.) may utilize the communication system 100. Similarly, the communication system 100 may include more than one UE 105. Figure 1 1. A greater or lesser number of base stations 120 and / or APs 130 may be illustrated in the example. The illustrated connections connecting the various components in the communication system 100 include data and signaling connections, which may include additional (intermediate) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. In addition, the components may be rearranged, combined, separated, replaced, and / or omitted depending on the desired functionality. In some embodiments, for example, the external client 180 may be directly connected to the location server 160. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize many modifications to the illustrated components.

[0037] Depending on the desired functionality, network 170 may include any one of a variety of wireless and / or wired networks. Network 170 may, for example, include any combination of public and / or private networks, local area networks and / or wide area networks, etc. In addition, network 170 may utilize one or more wired and / or wireless communication technologies. In some embodiments, network 170 may include, for example, cellular or other mobile networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and / or the Internet. Examples of network 170 include long-term evolution (LTE) wireless networks, fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks (also referred to as new radio (NR) wireless networks or 5GNR wireless networks), Wi-Fi WLANs and the Internet. LTE, 5G and NR are wireless technologies defined or being defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Network 170 may also include more than one network and / or more than one type of network.

[0038] The base station 120 and the access point (AP) 130 are communicatively coupled to the network 170. In some embodiments, the base station 120 may be owned, maintained and / or operated by a cellular network provider and may employ any of a variety of wireless technologies, as described herein below. Depending on the technology of the network 170, the base station 120 may include a node B, an evolved node B (eNodeB or eNB), a transceiver base station (BTS), a radio base station (RBS), an NR node B (gNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), etc. In the case where the network 170 is a 5G network, the base station 120 as a gNB or ng-eNB may be part of a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) that may be connected to a 5G core network (5GC). In view of the open radio access network (O-RAN) and / or virtualized radio access network (V-RAN or vRAN) in 5G or higher networks, the functions performed by the base station 120 in the earlier networks (e.g., 3G and 4G) may be divided into different functional components (e.g., radio unit (RU), distributed unit (DU), central unit (CU)) and layers (e.g., L1 / L2 / L3), which may be performed on different devices at different locations connected, for example, via fronthaul connection, midhaul connection, and backhaul connection. As referred to herein, a "base station" (or ng-eNB, gNB, etc.) may include any or all of these functional components. For example, AP 130 may include a Wi-Fi AP or AP or an AP with cellular capabilities (e.g., 4G LTE and / or 5G NR). Thus, UE 105 can transmit and receive information with network-connected devices such as location server 160 by accessing network 170 via base station 120 using first communication link 133. Additionally or alternatively, because AP 130 can also be communicatively coupled with network 170, UE 105 can communicate with network-connected and Internet-connected devices (including location server 160) using second communication link 135 or via one or more other mobile devices 145.

[0039] As used herein, the term "base station" may generally refer to a single physical transmission point or multiple co-located physical transmission points that may be located at a base station 120. A transmit receive point (TRP) (also referred to as a transmit / receive point) corresponds to this type of transmission point, and the term "TRP" may be used interchangeably with the terms "gNB," "ng-eNB," and "base station" herein. In some cases, a base station 120 may include multiple TRPs—for example, where each TRP is associated with a different antenna or a different antenna array of the base station 120. As used herein, the transmit function of a TRP may be performed using a transmit point (TP), and / or the receive function of a TRP may be performed by a receive point (RP), which may be physically separate or different from the TP. That is, a TRP may include both a TP and an RP. A physical transmission point may include an antenna array of a base station 120 (for example, as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system and / or where the base station employs beamforming). The term "base station" may additionally refer to multiple non-co-located physical transmission points, which may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station).

[0040] As used herein, the term "cell" may generally refer to a logical communication entity for communicating with base station 120, and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID)) for distinguishing adjacent cells operating via the same or different carriers. In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types that may provide access for different types of devices (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or other protocols). In some cases, the term "cell" may refer to a portion of a geographic coverage area (e.g., a sector) on which the logical entity operates.

[0041] Satellites 110 may be used to locate UE 105 in one or more ways. For example, satellites 110 (also referred to as space vehicles (SVs)) may be part of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), such as a global positioning system (GPS), GLONASS, Galileo, or BeiDou. Positioning using RF signals from GNSS satellites may include measuring multiple GNSS signals at a GNSS receiver of UE 105 to perform code-based and / or carrier-based positioning, which may be highly accurate. Additionally or alternatively, satellites 110 may be used for non-terrestrial network (NTN) based positioning, where satellites 110 may be functionally operable as a TRP (or multiple TPs) of a network (e.g., an LTE and / or NR network) and may be communicatively coupled with network 170. In particular, reference signals (e.g., PRS) sent by satellites 110 for NTN based positioning may be similar to those sent by base stations 120 and may be coordinated by location server 160. In some embodiments, satellites 110 used for NTN based positioning may be different from those used for GNSS based positioning.

[0042] The location server 160 may include a server and / or other computing device configured to determine an estimated location of the UE 105 and / or provide data (e.g., “assistance data”) to the UE 105 to facilitate location measurement and / or location determination by the UE 105. According to some embodiments, the location server 160 may include a Home Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (H-SLP), which may support the SUPL User Plane (UP) location solution defined by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) and may support location services for the UE 105 based on subscription information of the UE 105 stored in the location server 160. In some embodiments, the location server 160 may include a Discovery SLP (D-SLP) or an Emergency SLP (E-SLP). The location server 160 may also include an enhanced serving mobile location center (E-SMLC) that supports positioning of the UE 105 using a control plane (CP) positioning solution for LTE radio access of the UE 105. The location server 160 may also include a location management function (LMF) that supports positioning of the UE 105 using a control plane (CP) positioning solution for NR or LTE radio access of the UE 105.

[0043] In the CP positioning solution, from the perspective of the network 170, signaling for controlling and managing the positioning of the UE 105 may use existing network interfaces and protocols and be exchanged as signaling between elements of the network 170 and with the UE 105. In the UP positioning solution, from the perspective of the network 170, signaling for controlling and managing the positioning of the UE 105 may be exchanged between the location server 160 and the UE 105 as data (e.g., data sent using the Internet Protocol (IP) and / or the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)).

[0044] As previously noted (and discussed in more detail below), the estimated position of UE 105 may be based on measurements of RF signals transmitted from and / or received by UE 105. In particular, these measurements may provide information about the relative distances and / or angles of UE 105 from one or more components in communication system 100 (e.g., GNSS satellites 110, APs 130, base stations 120). The estimated position of UE 105 may be estimated geometrically (e.g., using multi-angle measurements and / or multilateration) based on the distance and / or angle measurements along with the known positions of the one or more components.

[0045] Although ground components (such as AP 130 and base station 120) can be fixed, the embodiments are not limited to this. Mobile components can be used. For example, in some embodiments, the position of UE 105 can be estimated based at least in part on measurements of RF signals 140 communicated between UE 105 and one or more other mobile devices 145 (the one or more other mobile devices can be mobile or fixed). As illustrated, the other mobile devices may include, for example, mobile phone 145-1, vehicle 145-2, static communication / positioning device 145-3, or other static and / or mobile devices capable of providing wireless signals for locating UE 105, or a combination thereof. Vehicle 145-2 can be an example of another UE other than UE 105. The wireless signals from mobile device 145 for positioning of UE 105 may include using, for example, (including Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)), IEEE 802.11x (e.g. ), ultra-wideband (UWB), IEEE 802.15x, or a combination thereof. The mobile device 145 may additionally or alternatively use non-RF wireless signals such as infrared signals or other optical techniques to locate the UE 105.

[0046] The mobile device 145 may include other UEs that are communicatively coupled to a cellular network or other mobile network (e.g., network 170). When one or more other mobile devices 145 including a UE are used in the positioning determination of a particular UE 105, the UE 105 whose positioning is to be determined may be referred to as a "target UE", and each of the other mobile devices 145 used may be referred to as an "anchor UE". In order to perform positioning determination on the target UE, the corresponding positioning of the one or more anchor UEs may be known and / or determined jointly with the target UE. Direct communication between one or more other mobile devices 145 and UE 105 may include side links and / or similar device-to-device (D2D) communication technologies. The side link defined by 3GPP is a form of D2D communication under cellular-based LTE and NR standards. UWB may be a technology by which measurements from one or more anchor devices (e.g., mobile devices 145) may be used to facilitate the positioning of a target device (e.g., UE 105).

[0047] According to some embodiments, such as when UE 105 includes and / or is incorporated into a vehicle, a form of D2D communication used by the mobile device 105 may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2X) communication. V2X is a communication standard for vehicles to exchange information about the traffic environment with related entities. V2X may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication between vehicles with V2X capabilities, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication between vehicles and infrastructure-based equipment (commonly referred to as roadside units (RSUs)), vehicle-to-person (V2P) communication between vehicles and nearby people (pedestrians, cyclists and other road users), vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication between vehicles and (e.g., data communication networks with base stations), etc. In addition, V2X can use any of a variety of wireless RF communication technologies. For example, cellular V2X (C-V2X) is a form of V2X (specifically, V2N) that uses cellular-based communication in a direct communication mode defined by 3GPP, such as LTE (4G), NR (5G) and / or other cellular technologies. Depending on the scenario, the components or devices used to communicate V2X messages on a vehicle, RSU or other V2X entity are generally referred to as V2X devices, V2X user equipment (UE), or simply UE. Some embodiments described herein may be applicable to any vehicle communication network or system used with the communication system 100 or 200. Such a vehicle communication network may employ communications allocated to the 5.9 GHz wireless spectrum, such as dedicated short range (DSRC) or C-V2X.

[0048] C-V2X may have different but complementary modes. In some embodiments, the PC5 interface may be used to exchange V2X messages. In some implementations, the PC5 interface may be implemented for direct short-range sidelink communications of less than 1 km. This may be useful for 5.9-GHz communications independent of the cellular network. In some implementations, the Uu interface may be implemented for long-range uplink or downlink communications of more than 1 km. This may be useful for V2N communications, including V2N communications operating in traditional mobile broadband licensed spectrum.

[0049] In some embodiments, the RSU may be a dedicated wireless node device capable of V2X communications with a UE. The RSU may be, for example, a small cell, a femtocell, or other micro wireless node (e.g., an AP or base station), and may have a lower RF power output and / or a lower communication range than other types of base stations (such as gNBs). The RSU as a dedicated unit may be configured to negotiate privileges with a UE (e.g., a vehicle) using V2X, broadcast or transmit messages using V2X, and / or detect a UE or vehicle.

[0050] Figure 1 The illustrated UE 105 may correspond to a component or device located on a vehicle, an RSU, or other V2X entity for communicating V2X messages. Examples of vehicles include cars, trucks, ships, airplanes, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In embodiments where V2X is used, a static communication / positioning device 145-3 (which may correspond to an RSU) and / or a vehicle 145-2 may therefore communicate with the UE 105 and may be used to determine the location of the UE 105 using techniques similar to those used by the base station 120 and / or AP 130 (e.g., using multi-angle and / or multi-point positioning). In some embodiments, the vehicle may be configured to perform data communications with the RSU. For example, a vehicle with V2X capabilities ("V2X vehicle") may use V2X to transmit and / or receive vehicle information or privileged information (e.g., certificates, registrations) with the RSU. In some cases, the vehicle may be configured to use V2X to coordinate maneuvers. Road safety, traffic management, vehicle management, etc. are some uses of V2X. It may be further noted that according to some embodiments, the mobile device 145 (which may include a V2X device), the base station 120, and / or the AP 130 may be used together (e.g., in a WWAN positioning solution) to determine the location of the UE 105. In some embodiments, the base station 120 may include an RSU configured to perform V2X communications with the UE 105, the mobile phone 145-1, or the vehicle 145-2.

[0051] The estimated position of UE 105 may be used in a variety of applications, such as to assist a user of UE 105 in direction finding or navigation or to assist another user (e.g., associated with external client 180) in locating UE 105. "Position" is also referred to herein as "position estimate," "estimated position," "position," "position estimate," "position fix," "estimated position," "position fix," or "fix." The process of determining a position may be referred to as "positioning," "position determination," "position determination," or the like. The position of UE 105 may include an absolute position of UE 105 (e.g., latitude and longitude and possibly altitude) or a relative position of UE 105 (e.g., expressed as a position at a distance north or south, east or west, and possibly above or below some other known fixed position (including, for example, the position of base station 120 or AP 130) or some other position (such as the position of UE 105 at some known previous time, or the position of mobile device 145 (e.g., another UE) at some known previous time). The location may be specified as a geodetic location including coordinates that may be absolute (e.g., latitude, longitude, and optionally altitude), relative (e.g., relative to some known absolute location), or local (e.g., X, Y, and optionally Z coordinates according to a coordinate system defined relative to a local area, such as a factory, warehouse, university campus, shopping mall, stadium, or convention center). The location may alternatively be a city location, and may then include one or more of a street address (e.g., including a country, state, county, city, road and / or street name or label, and / or road or street number) and / or a label or name of a place, a building, a portion of a building, a floor of a building, and / or a room within a building, etc. The location may also include uncertainty or error indications, such as horizontal distances and possibly vertical distances over which the location is expected to have error, or an indication of an area or volume (e.g., a circle or ellipse) within which the UE 105 is expected to be located with a certain confidence level (e.g., 95% confidence).

[0052] The external client 180 may be a web server or remote application that may have some association with the UE 105 (e.g., accessible by a user of the UE 105), or may be a server, application, or computer system that provides location services to one or more other users, which may include obtaining and providing the location of the UE 105 (e.g., to enable services such as friend or relative locating or child or pet locating). Additionally or alternatively, the external client 180 may obtain the location of the UE 105 and provide it to emergency service providers, government agencies, etc.

[0053] As previously noted, the example communication system 100 may be implemented using a wireless communication network, such as an LTE-based or 5GNR-based network. Figure 2A diagram of a 5G NR communication system 200 is shown, which illustrates an embodiment of a communication system (e.g., communication system 100) that implements 5G NR. The 5G NR communication system 200 can be configured to determine the location of the UE 105 by using access nodes to implement one or more positioning or communication methods. These access nodes may include NR Node Bs (gNBs) 210-1 and 210-2 (collectively referred to herein as gNBs 210), ng-eNBs 214, WLANs 216, and / or RSUs 218. The gNBs 210 and / or ng-eNBs 214 may communicate with the UE 105 to determine the location of the UE 105. Figure 1 The base station 120 corresponds to the WLAN 216, and the WLAN 216 can be connected to the Figure 1 130. Optionally, the 5G NR communication system 200 may additionally be configured to determine the location of the UE 105 by using the LMF 220 (which may correspond to the location server 160) to implement one or more positioning methods. Here, the 5G NR communication system 200 includes the UE 105, and components of a 5G NR network, which includes a next generation (NG) radio access network (RAN) (NG-RAN) 235 and a 5G core network (5GCN) 240. The 5G network may also be referred to as an NR network; the NG-RAN 235 may be referred to as a 5G RAN or an NR RAN; and the 5G CN 240 may be referred to as an NG core network.

[0054] The 5G NR communication system 200 may further utilize information from satellites 110. As previously indicated, satellites 110 may include GNSS satellites from a GNSS system like the Global Positioning System (GPS) or similar systems (e.g., GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)). Additionally or alternatively, satellites 110 may include NTN satellites that may be communicatively coupled with LMF 220 and operatively used as TRPs (or TPs) in NG-RAN 235. Thus, satellites 110 may communicate with one or more gNBs 210.

[0055] It should be noted that Figure 2Only generalized illustrations of various components are provided, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate, and each of which may be repeated or omitted as desired. Specifically, although only one UE 105 is illustrated, it should be understood that many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.) may utilize the 5G NR communication system 200. Similarly, the 5G NR communication system 200 may include a larger (or smaller) number of satellites 110, gNBs 210, ng-eNBs 214, wireless local area networks (WLANs) 216, access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 215, external clients 230, and / or other components. The illustrated connections connecting the various components in the 5G NR communication system 200 include data and signaling connections, which may include additional (intermediate) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. In addition, the components may be rearranged, combined, separated, replaced, and / or omitted depending on the desired functionality.

[0056] UE 105 may include and / or be referred to as a device, a mobile device, a wireless device, a mobile terminal, a terminal, a mobile station (MS), a terminal (SET) enabled with secure user plane location (SUPL), or some other name. In addition, UE 105 may correspond to a cellular phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a personal data assistant (PDA), a navigation device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, or some other portable or mobile device. Typically, although not necessarily, UE 105 may support the use of one or more radio access technologies (RATs) such as GSM, CDMA, W-CDMA, LTE, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), IEEE 802.11 Bluetooth, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX TM ), 5G NR (e.g., using NG-RAN 235 and 5G CN 240). UE 105 may also support wireless communications using WLAN 216, which is similar to one or more RATs and as previously described with respect to Figure 1 The use of one or more of these RATs may allow UE 105 (e.g., via Figure 2 Elements of the 5G CN 240, not shown, may communicate with external clients 230, or possibly via a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 225) and / or allow external clients 230 (e.g., via GMLC 225) to receive location information about UE 105. When implemented in or communicatively coupled with a 5G NR network, Figure 2 The external client 230 may correspond to Figure 1 External client 180.

[0057] UE 105 may include a single entity or may include multiple entities, such as in a personal area network in which a user may employ audio, video and / or data I / O devices and / or body sensors and separate wired or wireless modems. The estimate of the location of UE 105 may be referred to as location, location estimate, location fix, fix, position, position estimate or position fix, and may be geodetic, providing location coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude) for UE 105, which may or may not include an altitude component (e.g., height above sea level; height above or depth below ground level, floor level or basement level). Alternatively, the location of UE 105 may be expressed as a municipal location (e.g., a postal address or a designation of a point or smaller area in a building, such as a specific room or floor). The location of UE 105 may also be expressed as a region or volume (geographically or municipally defined) within which UE 105 is expected to be located with a certain probability or confidence level (e.g., 67%, 95%, etc.). The location of the UE 105 may also be a relative location, including, for example, a distance and direction or relative X, Y (and Z) coordinates defined relative to some origin at a known location, which may be defined geodetically, in municipal form, or with reference to a point, area, or volume indicated on a map, floor plan, or building plan. In the description contained herein, the use of the term location may include any of these variations unless otherwise indicated. When calculating the location of the UE, local X, Y, and possibly Z coordinates are typically solved, and then the local coordinates are converted to absolute coordinates (e.g., with respect to latitude, longitude, and altitude above or below mean sea level) if necessary.

[0058] Figure 2 The base stations in the NG-RAN 235 shown may correspond to Figure 1 The base stations 120 in the NG-RAN 235 may include gNBs 210. Pairs of gNBs 210 in the NG-RAN 235 may be connected to each other (e.g., Figure 2 The communication interface between the base stations (gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) may be referred to as an Xn interface 237. Access to the 5G network is provided to the UE 105 via wireless communication between the UE 105 and one or more gNBs 210, which may provide wireless communication access to the 5G CN 240 on behalf of the UE 105 using 5G NR. The wireless interface between the base station (gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) and the UE 105 may be referred to as an Uu interface 239. 5G NR radio access may also be referred to as NR radio access or 5G radio access. Figure 2, it is assumed that the serving gNB for UE 105 is gNB 210-1, but other gNBs (e.g., gNB 210-2) may act as serving gNBs if UE 105 moves to another location, or may act as secondary gNBs to provide additional throughput and bandwidth to UE 105.

[0059] Figure 2 The base stations in the illustrated NG-RAN 235 may additionally or alternatively include a next generation evolved Node B (also referred to as ng-eNB) 214. The ng-eNB 214 may be connected to one or more gNBs 210 in the NG-RAN 235—e.g., directly, or indirectly via other gNBs 210 and / or other ng-eNBs. The ng-eNB 214 may provide LTE radio access and / or evolved LTE (eLTE) radio access to the UE 105. Figure 2 Some of the gNBs 210 (e.g., gNB 210-2) and / or ng-eNBs 214 may be configured to function as positioning-only beacons that may transmit signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) and / or may broadcast assistance data to assist in positioning UE 105, but may not receive signals from UE 105 or other UEs. Some of the gNBs 210 (e.g., gNB 210-2 and / or another gNB not shown) and / or ng-eNBs 214 may be configured to function as detection-only nodes that may scan for signals containing, for example, PRS data, assistance data, or other location data. Such detection-only nodes may not transmit signals or data to the UE, but may transmit signals or data (related to, for example, PRS, assistance data, or other location data) to other network entities (e.g., one or more components of 5G CN 240, external clients 230, or a controller), which may receive and store the data or use the data to locate at least UE 105. It should be noted that although Figure 2 Only one ng-eNB 214 is shown in FIG, but some embodiments may include multiple ng-eNBs 214. Base stations (e.g., gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) may communicate directly with each other via an Xn communication interface. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may communicate directly or indirectly with other components of the 5G NR communication system 200 (such as LMF 220 and AMF 215).

[0060] The 5G NR communication system 200 may also include one or more WLANs 216 that may be connected to a non-3GPP interworking function (N3IWF) 250 in the 5GCN 240 (e.g., in the case of an untrusted WLAN 216). For example, the WLAN 216 may support IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi access for the UE 105 and may include one or more Wi-Fi APs (e.g., Figure 1 Here, the N3IWF 250 may be connected to other elements in the 5G CN 240, such as the AMF 215. In some embodiments, the WLAN 216 may support another RAT, such as Bluetooth. The N3IWF 250 may provide support for secure access of the UE 105 to other elements in the 5G CN 240 and / or may support interworking of one or more protocols used by the WLAN 216 and the UE 105 with one or more protocols used by other elements of the 5G CN 240 (such as the AMF 215). For example, the N3IWF 250 may support: IPSec tunnel establishment with the UE 105, termination of the IKEv2 / IPSec protocol with the UE 105, termination of the N2 and N3 interfaces with the 5G CN 240 for the control plane and the user plane, respectively, and relay of uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) control plane non-access stratum (NAS) signaling across the N1 interface between the UE 105 and the AMF 215. In some other embodiments, the WLAN 216 may be directly connected to elements in the 5G CN 240 (e.g., Figure 2 215) and not via the N3IWF 250. For example, a direct connection of the WLAN 216 to the 5GCN 240 may occur when the WLAN 216 is a trusted WLAN for the 5GCN 240 and may use a trusted WLAN interworking function (TWIF) ( Figure 2 It should be noted that although Figure 2 Only one WLAN 216 is shown in FIG. 2 , but some embodiments may include multiple WLANs 216 .

[0061] The access node may include any of a variety of network entities that enable communication between the UE 105 and the AMF 215. As noted, this may include a gNB 210, an ng-eNB 214, a WLAN 216, and / or other types of cellular base stations. However, an access node that provides the functionality described herein may additionally or alternatively include a cellular network entity that enables communication with the UE 105. Figure 2Thus, as used in the embodiments described below, the term “access node” may include, but is not necessarily limited to, gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, or WLAN 216.

[0062] In some embodiments, an access node (such as gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, and / or WLAN 216) (alone or in combination with other components of 5G NR communication system 200) may be configured to: in response to receiving a request for location information from LMF 220, obtain a location measurement for uplink (UL) signals received from UE 105 and / or obtain from UE 105 a DL location measurement obtained by UE 105 for downlink (DL) signals received by UE 105 from one or more access nodes. As noted, although Figure 2 The access nodes (gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, and WLAN 216) are depicted as being configured to communicate in accordance with 5G NR, LTE, and Wi-Fi communication protocols, respectively, but access nodes configured to communicate in accordance with other communication protocols may be used, such as, for example, a Node B using a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) protocol for a Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), an eNB using an LTE protocol for an Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), or an eNB using a LTE protocol for a WLAN. For example, in a 4G Evolved Packet System (EPS) that provides LTE radio access to UE 105, the RAN may include E-UTRAN, which may include base stations including eNBs that support LTE radio access. The core network for EPS may include an Evolved Packet Core (EPC). EPS may then include E-UTRAN plus EPC, where Figure 2 , E-UTRAN corresponds to NG-RAN 235 and EPC corresponds to 5GCN 240. The methods and techniques described herein for obtaining the municipal location of UE 105 may be applicable to such other networks.

[0063] The gNB 210 and ng-eNB 214 may communicate with the AMF 215, which communicates with the LMF 220 for positioning functions. The AMF 215 may support the mobility of the UE 105, including cell changes and handovers of the UE 105 from an access node of a first RAT (e.g., a gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, or WLAN 216) to an access node of a second RAT. The AMF 215 may also be involved in supporting signaling connections with the UE 105 and possibly supporting data and voice bearers for the UE 105. The LMF 220 may support positioning the UE 105 using a CP positioning solution when the UE 105 accesses the NG-RAN 235 or the WLAN 216, and may support positioning procedures and methods, including UE-assisted / UE-based and / or network-based procedures / methods, such as Assisted GNSS (A-GNSS), Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) (which may be referred to as Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) in NR), Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA), Real-Time Kinematics (RTK), Precise Point Positioning (PPP), Differential GNSS (DGNSS), Enhanced Cell ID (ECID), Angle of Arrival (AoA), Angle of Departure (AoD), WLAN positioning, Round Trip Signal Propagation Delay (RTT), Multi-Cell RTT, and / or other positioning procedures and methods. The LMF 220 may also process a location service request for the UE 105 received, for example, from the AMF 215 or from the GMLC 225. The LMF 220 may be connected to the AMF 215 and / or the GMLC 225. In some embodiments, the network (such as 5GCN 240) may additionally or alternatively implement other types of location support modules, such as an evolved serving mobile location center (E-SMLC) or a SUPL location platform (SLP). It should be noted that in some embodiments, at least a portion of the positioning functions (including determining the location of UE 105) may be performed at UE 105 (e.g., by measuring downlink PRS (DL-PRS) signals sent by wireless nodes (such as gNB 210, ng-eNB 214 and / or WLAN 216), and / or using assistance data provided to UE 105 by, for example, LMF 220).

[0064] The Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 225 may support location requests for the UE 105 received from the external client 230, and may forward such location requests to the AMF 215 for forwarding by the AMF 215 to the LMF 220. A location response (e.g., including a location estimate for the UE 105) from the LMF 220 may similarly be returned to the GMLC 225 directly or via the AMF 215, and the GMLC 225 may then return the location response (e.g., including the location estimate) to the external client 230.

[0065] A network exposure function (NEF) 245 may be included in the 5GCN 240. The NEF 245 may support secure exposure of capabilities and events regarding the 5GCN 240 and the UE 105 to the external client 230, which may therefore be referred to as an access function (AF) and may enable secure provisioning of information from the external client 230 to the 5GCN 240. The NEF 245 may be connected to the AMF 215 and / or the GMLC 225 for obtaining the location (e.g., municipal location) of the UE 105 and providing the location to the external client 230.

[0066] like Figure 2 As further illustrated, LMF 220 may communicate with gNB 210 and / or with ng-eNB 214 using NR Positioning Protocol Annex (NRPPa) as defined in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.455. NRPPa messages may be transmitted between gNB 210 and LMF 220 and / or between ng-eNB 214 and LMF 220 via AMF 215. Figure 2 As further illustrated, the LMF 220 and the UE 105 may communicate using the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) as defined in 3GPP TS 37.355. Here, LPP messages may be transmitted between the UE 105 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215 and the serving gNB 210-1 or the serving ng-eNB 214 of the UE 105. For example, the LPP messages may be transmitted between the LMF 220 and the AMF 215 using messages for service-based operations (e.g., based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)), and may be transmitted between the AMF 215 and the UE 105 using the 5G NAS protocol. The LPP protocol may be used to support positioning of the UE 105 using UE-assisted and / or UE-based positioning methods such as A-GNSS, RTK, TDOA, multi-cell RTT, AoD, and / or ECID. The NRPPa protocol may be used to support positioning of UE 105 using network-based positioning methods such as ECID, AoA, uplink TDOA (UL-TDOA), and / or may be used by LMF 220 to obtain location-related information from gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214, such as parameters defining DL-PRS transmissions from gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214.

[0067] In the case where the UE 105 accesses the WLAN 216, the LMF 220 may use NRPPa and / or LPP to obtain the location of the UE 105 in a manner similar to that just described for the UE 105 accessing the gNB 210 or ng-eNB 214. Thus, NRPPa messages may be transmitted between the WLAN 216 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215 and the N3IWF 250 to support network-based positioning of the UE 105 and / or to transmit other location information from the WLAN 216 to the LMF 220. Alternatively, NRPPa messages may be transmitted between the N3IWF 250 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215 to support network-based positioning of the UE 105 based on location-related information and / or location measurements that are known or accessible to the N3IWF 250 and transmitted from the N3IWF 250 to the LMF 220 using NRPPa. Similarly, LPP and / or LPP messages may be transmitted between the UE 105 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215, the N3IWF 250, and the serving WLAN 216 of the UE 105 to support UE-assisted or UE-based positioning of the UE 105 by the LMF 220.

[0068] In the 5G NR communication system 200, positioning methods may be classified as "UE-assisted" or "UE-based". This may depend on where the request to determine the location of the UE 105 originates. For example, where the request originates from the UE (e.g., from an application or "app" executed by the UE), the positioning method may be classified as UE-based. On the other hand, where the request originates from an external client 230, LMF 220, or other device or service within the 5G network, the positioning method may be classified as UE-assisted (or "network-based").

[0069] With UE-assisted positioning methods, the UE 105 may obtain location measurements and transmit these measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 220) for use in computing a location estimate for the UE 105. For RAT-dependent positioning methods, the location measurements may include one or more of the following for one or more access points of the gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, and / or WLAN 216: received signal strength indicator (RSSI), round trip signal propagation time (RTT), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), reference signal time difference (RSTD), time of arrival (TOA), AoA, receive time-transmit time difference (Rx-Tx), differential AoA (DAoA), AoD, or timing advance (TA). Additionally or alternatively, similar measurements may be made on sidelink signals sent by other UEs, which may be used as anchor points for positioning the UE 105 if the locations of these other UEs are known. The position measurements may additionally or alternatively include measurements for a RAT-independent positioning method, such as GNSS (eg, GNSS pseudoranges with respect to satellites 110 , GNSS code phase, and / or GNSS carrier phase), WLAN, or the like.

[0070] Using the UE-based positioning method, the UE 105 can obtain a position measurement (e.g., which can be the same or similar to the position measurement of the UE-assisted positioning method), and the position of the UE 105 can be further calculated (e.g., with the aid of auxiliary data received from a location server such as LMF 220, SLP or broadcast by gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, or WLAN 216).

[0071] Using a network-based positioning method, one or more base stations (e.g., gNB 210 and / or ng-eNB 214), one or more APs (e.g., in WLAN 216), or N3IWF 250 may obtain location measurements (e.g., measurements of RSSI, RTT, RSRP, RSRQ, AoA, or TOA) of signals sent by UE 105, and / or may receive measurements obtained by UE 105 or, in the case of N3IWF 250, by APs in WLAN 216, and may transmit these measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 220) for use in calculating a position estimate for UE 105.

[0072] The positioning of UE 105 may also be classified as UL-based, DL-based, or DL-UL-based according to the type of signal used for positioning. For example, in the case where positioning is based only on signals received at UE 105 (e.g., from a base station or other UE), the positioning may be classified as DL-based. On the other hand, in the case where positioning is based only on signals sent by UE 105 (which may be received by, for example, a base station or other UE), the positioning may be classified as UL-based. DL-UL-based positioning includes positioning based on signals sent and received by UE 105, such as RTT-based positioning. Sidelink (SL)-assisted positioning includes signals communicated between UE 105 and one or more other UEs. According to some embodiments, UL, DL, or DL-UL positioning as described herein may be able to use SL signaling as a supplement or replacement for SL, DL, or DL-UL signaling.

[0073] Depending on the type of positioning (e.g., UL-based, DL-based, or DL-UL-based), the type of reference signal used may be different. For example, for DL-based positioning, these signals may include PRS (e.g., DL-PRS sent by a base station or SL-PRS sent by other UEs), which may be used for TDOA measurements, AoD measurements, and RTT measurements. Other reference signals that may be used for positioning (UL, DL, or DL-UL) may include: Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Synchronization Signal (e.g., Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) Synchronization Signal (SS)), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc. In addition, the reference signal may be sent in a Tx beam and / or received in an Rx beam (e.g., using beamforming techniques), which may affect angle measurements such as AoD and / or AoA.

[0074] Privileged Communications

[0075] Figure 3A An example scenario is illustrated of a UE (e.g., vehicle 301) communicating with one or more base stations (including RSUs) traveling between a first geographic area 302 and a second geographic area 304 according to some embodiments. As illustrated, the vehicle may travel along a road 312 or other path from the first geographic area 302 to the second geographic area 304, the first geographic area and the second geographic area being separated by a boundary 306. Regulatory agencies may have different rules regarding transportation and privileges granted to vehicles.

[0076] In some embodiments, the UE may be a mobile UE such as a vehicle 301, or the UE or UE components may be installed or otherwise incorporated into the vehicle 301, thereby enabling the vehicle 301 to perform wireless communications. Figure 3A In the scenario shown in FIG. 1 , the vehicle 301 may be able to (including as shown or not shown) communicate with the base station 308b via V2X, communicate with the base station 308c via WLAN, and communicate with the base station 310c via a cellular protocol. The base station 308b may be referred to as an RSU that is configured to communicate directly with the vehicle 301 using V2X. Each of the base stations 308a-308c and 310a-310c may be configured to communicate using various other data communication methods.

[0077] Boundary 306 may be determined geographically. For example, boundary 306 may be a state line, a county line, or other division of territory. First geographic area 302 and second geographic area 304 may be associated with respective behavioral (e.g., traffic or vehicle) rules administered by respective authorities (e.g., local government agencies or other regulatory entities). That is, a UE or vehicle may be configured to follow a certain set of behavioral rules when within first geographic area 302, and to follow a different (or, in some cases, the same) set of behavioral rules when within second geographic area 304.

[0078] In some embodiments, the RSU may obtain privilege information, such as one or more privilege certificates. The privilege information may include rules, restrictions, priorities or conditions that grant, deny or otherwise affect what actions or behaviors are allowed for UEs (e.g., UEs in vehicles 301) within a geographic area or a regional area (e.g., a first geographic area 302 and a second geographic area 304). The privilege information may be determined by the management agency of the geographic area based on one or more factors (and / or stored at one or more RSUs or servers associated with the area managed by the management agency), the one or more factors including typical or average level traffic, the amount of infrastructure or infrastructure capacity, the number of UEs, the number of drivers, the past behavior history associated with the UE (e.g., a history of accidents or speeding associated with vehicles 301 or drivers of vehicles 301, which may restrict the UE or vehicle 301, such as a reduced speed limit), etc. In some embodiments, the privilege information may be received by the RSU (e.g., from a server or another RSU or base station) before or when the UE arrives. In some specific implementations, the privilege information may be static and predetermined to be applicable to the UE regardless of the current conditions. In some implementations, the privilege information may be dynamically updated at certain intervals based on the aforementioned factors or as the factors change. In some implementations, the privilege information may be dynamically updated when the UE enters or reaches a geographic area or a communication range of a given RSU (e.g., the communication range 320 of the first geographic area of ​​the RSU 308b, such as Figure 3B and Figure 3C Determine privileged information when (as depicted).

[0079] Examples of privileges and restrictions given to vehicles may include the use of special lanes (e.g., ambulance lanes, carpool lanes for single-occupancy vehicles, exclusive lanes accessible to non-privileged vehicles), higher or lower speed limits, or enhanced traffic rules (e.g., a traffic light turns green when a UE arrives to skip waiting, or the UE waits for a shorter time). This may be beneficial for certain users, such as tourists or temporary visitors, emergency personnel (e.g., ambulance drivers, paramedics, doctors), VIPs (e.g., diplomats, government officials, public servants), or people who purchase privilege certificates. In some cases, one or more of the privileges may last for a specified amount of time. In some cases, one or more of the privileges may terminate when other conditions are met. For example, a vehicle leaves a designated area (e.g., moves from one geographic area to another), a vehicle exceeds a speed threshold, a vehicle is involved in a traffic violation, etc.

[0080] In some cases, a vehicle may be given different types or levels of privileges based on the needs of the vehicle (e.g., whether it is an ambulance, police car, fire truck, or other emergency vehicle that needs priority access to the emergency lane), the type of vehicle (e.g., a motorcycle, car, or UAV), or based on a request made, for example, via an RSU using V2X messaging to one or more specific authorities that manage the geographic area.

[0081] Figure 3B A view of a UE (e.g., vehicle 301) within the coverage area of ​​an RSU 308b within a first geographic area according to some embodiments is illustrated. In some embodiments, an RSU 308a within the first geographic area 302 may have an associated communication range 320, and another RSU 310b within the second geographic area 304 may have an associated communication range 322. The RSUs 308a and 310b may be configured to communicate with other UEs (such as vehicle 301) using V2X within the respective communication ranges 320 or 322.

[0082] exist Figure 3B , the vehicle 301 is within the communication range 320 of the first geographic area 302. The vehicle 301 is not within other communication ranges or has not moved into other communication ranges. In some embodiments, before the vehicle 301 enters the communication range 320 or when it enters the communication range, the RSU 308b has received privilege information (e.g., privilege certificate) from the server. In some scenarios, the RSU 308b may transmit privilege information (e.g., privilege certificate) to the vehicle 301 using V2X when the vehicle 301 is within the communication range 320. In some scenarios, another RSU within the first geographic area 302 may have transmitted privilege information applicable to the first geographic area 302 to the vehicle 301, for example, when the vehicle 301 is in other parts of the first geographic area 302. RSUs 308b and 310b may be "edge" nodes (relative to the vehicle 301) of the first geographic area 302 and the second geographic area 304, respectively, where these RSUs are closest to the boundary 306 and the road 312.

[0083] Thus, the vehicle 301 may possess certain privileges indicated by the privilege certificate and may be subject to the rules and conditions set forth by the privilege information governing the first geographic area 302. When within the first geographic area 302, the vehicle 301 may, for example, use a carpool lane as a single-occupancy vehicle, or an emergency lane reserved for ambulances and other types of vehicles that have priority over other vehicles. As another example, a traffic light may turn green or remain green when the vehicle 301 approaches a traffic signal, which may be detected using, for example, a visual sensor and / or a V2X message to an RSU disposed in front of the traffic signal.

[0084] However, in some cases, vehicle 301 may be under the jurisdiction of both first geographic area 302 and second geographic area 304, which may require resolving conflicts regarding which privileges and restrictions vehicle 301 should follow. Such situations may arise when base stations (e.g., base stations 308a-308c within first geographic area 302, and base stations 310a-310c within second geographic area 304) have communication ranges that extend beyond boundary 306, where boundary 306 is entirely determined geographically. Vehicle 301 may be within the range of both base stations 308b and 310b at the same time, for example, when it is within an overlap area 324 near boundary 306 separating first geographic area 302 and second geographic area 304.

[0085] Figure 3C A view of a UE (e.g., vehicle 301) within an overlap area 324 near a boundary 306 separating a first geographic area 302 and a second geographic area 304 is illustrated according to some embodiments. The overlap area 324 is associated with both the first geographic area 302 and the second geographic area 304. Depending on the scenario, the overlap area 324 may be as small as about a few square meters, or as large as about a few square kilometers. The change of the jurisdiction of the UE may last for a considerable length of time, and therefore involve communication between the UE and the RSU (e.g., RSU 310b) of the new jurisdiction, because the privileges allowed in the two jurisdictions of the first geographic area 302 and the second geographic area 304 may be different.

[0086] The UE (e.g., vehicle 301) may receive privilege information from a first RSU (e.g., RSU 310b) in the second geographic area 304, which may enable the vehicle to comply with the new set of privileges and restrictions. In some implementations, once the vehicle 301 enters the communication range 322 of the RSU 310b, the RSU 310b may transmit the privilege information (e.g., as a privilege certificate). In some implementations, the RSU 310b may transmit the privilege information after the vehicle 301 is within a certain distance within the communication range 322, which may indicate that the vehicle 301 is physically within the geographic area where the RSU 310b is located, or indicate the possibility of this.

[0087] As an example, the old jurisdiction (e.g., governing the first geographic area 302) may allow a speed limit of 50 miles per hour (MPH), and the new jurisdiction (e.g., governing the second geographic area 304 that the vehicle 301 is entering) may enforce a speed limit of 30 MPH. As another example, the old jurisdiction may allow the vehicle 301 to turn a red traffic light green when or as it approaches the traffic light, but in the new jurisdiction, there may be a command to turn the traffic light green only after a minimum time period or to limit the remaining time of the green light to a maximum time period (e.g., 10 seconds).

[0088] In some embodiments, privileges are handled by RSUs within each geographic area, and the overlapping area 324 may be managed by the last RSU within range of the vehicle 301. Figure 3C In the case of the overlap area 324, when the vehicle 301 enters the overlap area 324 from the first geographic area 302 toward the second geographic area 304, the vehicle 301 may retain the privilege information (e.g., privilege certificate) issued by the authority of the first geographic area 302. The vehicle 301 may continue to operate under the privileges and restrictions of the first geographic area 302, but the vehicle 301 is physically within the second geographic area 304. In another scenario, if a vehicle 301a operating under the jurisdiction of the second geographic area 302 is moving from the second geographic area 304 toward the first geographic area 302 and is within the overlap area 324, the vehicle 301a will continue to operate under the rules of the second geographic area 304 (received from, for example, RSU 310b), but is within the range of RSU 308b and receives privilege information associated with the first geographic area 304.

[0089] In some embodiments, once the UE (e.g., of the vehicle 301) leaves the communication range 320 of the RSU 308b of the first geographic area 302, the new geographic area (e.g., the second geographic area 304) will control the privileges and restrictions of the UE on the vehicle 301. In some implementations, a time period may be set before some or all of the new privileges and restrictions must be followed. For example, if the old speed limit is 50MPH and the new speed limit is 30MPH, there may be a time delay to allow the vehicle 301 to follow the new speed limit. In some implementations, a user interface associated with the vehicle 301 or a UE installed in the vehicle 301 may indicate the new privileges and restrictions, as well as any time, duration, or countdown before the new privileges and restrictions must be followed.

[0090] In other words, if the vehicle 301 has moved from the first geographic area 302 into the overlap area 324, the rules of the first authority may apply to the vehicle 301 until the vehicle 301 is completely moved to the new authority (and vice versa). The area or signal range covered by these two edge RSUs is a conflict zone, which in some embodiments may be managed by the edge RSU of the first geographic area 302 upon leaving the first geographic area 302. The rules and privileges of the first geographic area 302 will apply until the UE leaves the range of the edge RSU of the first geographic area 302. Although the edge RSU of the second geographic area 304 may provide a certificate to the UE when the UE is in the overlap area 324, the privileges and restrictions of the second geographic area 304 will not apply until the UE has left the jurisdiction of the first authority.

[0091] However, in other privilege negotiation schemes, entering the overlapping region 324 and receiving privilege information associated with the new authority (e.g., the second geographic region 304) may result in the application of the privileges and restrictions of the authority that the UE is entering (e.g., the second geographic region 304) rather than the privileges and restrictions of the authority that the UE is leaving (e.g., the first geographic region 302).

[0092] In some embodiments, new privilege information may not be received upon entering a geographic area (e.g., 302 or 304) or upon entering a communication range (e.g., 320 or 322). That is, there may not be any special privileges or restrictions in some jurisdictions.

[0093] In some embodiments, a privilege certificate can be purchased from the issuing authority. In some cases, the user of UE or vehicle can purchase from the issuing authority when necessary to obtain additional privileges (e.g., use the emergency lane). In some cases, the purchase can be automatically carried out when entering. Cost can be different in different authorities. In some cases, the type of privilege and the privilege amount granted can be based on cost. For example, using the emergency lane may have a cost different from the low waiting time of ensuring a traffic light. When two or more vehicles or UEs have a competitive privilege, the vehicle or UE that pays a higher fee can be granted a higher privilege level. For example, at an intersection, the first vehicle that has paid more than the second vehicle can get a green light, and the second vehicle is forced to wait, at least until the first vehicle has crossed the intersection. However, in a shared resource such as a dedicated lane, each vehicle can have the same privilege of using a dedicated lane.

[0094] In some embodiments, when vehicle 301 enters a new geographic area and is outside the communication range (e.g., communication range 320) of the previous geographic area, the first RSU (e.g., RSU 310b) of the new geographic area may redetermine the priority level associated with vehicles within the range of the RSU. Some UEs or vehicles may be given more or less privileges and restrictions than other UEs or vehicles.

[0095] It will be appreciated that although the above description is in the context of a vehicle (as a UE) and / or a UE mounted on a vehicle, the above description may be equally applicable to other types of UEs. FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C The vehicle 301 in the figure can be a phone, a drone or UAV, or a pedestrian walking between two areas such as a park.

[0096] Advantageously, using the initially acquired privileges within the overlap area 324 (e.g., associated with the first geographic area 302) as described above can simplify the process of detecting a new cell (e.g., RSU 310b) in situations where the signal from the new cell may be weak at the entry point or edge of the overlap area 324. In some scenarios, this approach can also avoid frequent "ping-pong" handover connections between RSUs 308b and 310b if, for example, the path (e.g., road 312) between these RSUs is not a straight line but has curves, congestion, etc. In addition, this approach can also increase consistency so that all UEs and / or vehicles follow the same rules within the overlap area 324. Without such consistency, different UEs using privileges associated with different authorities may result in deadlock.

[0097] Figure 4Another example scenario is illustrated in which a UE (e.g., a vehicle 401) traversing between a first geographic area 402 and a second geographic area 404 along a path 412 communicates with one or more base stations (including an RSU) according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the first geographic area 402 may be managed by at least one corresponding administrative agency (e.g., a government entity or other regulatory entity), and the second geographic area 404 may also be managed by at least one corresponding administrative agency. The first geographic area 402 may include one or more cell coverage areas, for example, cell-1, cell-2, cell-3. The second geographic area 404 may include one or more cell coverage areas, for example, cell-4, cell-5, cell-6. In this scenario, the geographic areas 402, 404 may be defined by cell coverage areas rather than by land boundaries such as boundary 306. In some implementations, the cell coverage areas may be based on the communication range of a cellular base station. In some implementations, the cell coverage areas may be based on the communication range of an RSU. As Figure 4 As shown, various RSUs may be located within the geographic area. For example, RSU 408d may be configured to cover cell coverage area Cell-5. However, a general boundary 406 may exist between the first geographic area 402 and the second geographic area 406.

[0098] UE shares privileged certificate with RSU :In some cases, privileges and restrictions may be bound to a UE (e.g., vehicle 401) or associated with the UE. For example, vehicle 401 may possess or otherwise store one or more privilege certificates (e.g., 420a, 420b) at a storage device installed in vehicle 401 or at a UE. In some cases, the privilege certificate may have been obtained as a default setting originating from the UE itself. In some cases, the privilege certificate may have been received from an RSU (e.g., RSU 408a) using a V2X message when in the first geographic area 402. The privilege certificate may indicate the privileges and restrictions of the UE or vehicle 401 when it is in certain geographic areas. For example, vehicle 401 may only enter a specific lane within the first geographic area 402. In some cases, privileges and restrictions may apply to a specific range in a specific cell coverage area. For example, near the boundary 406 between geographic areas, the speed limit may be 50MPH when in cell-2, but the speed limit may be 30MPH when in cell-1. As another example, the certificate may indicate that vehicle 401 may have a shorter wait time or may enter a carpool lane when in cell-3 but not in cell-1 or cell-2.

[0099] In some implementations, multiple privilege certificates 420a, 420b may indicate a corresponding set of privileges or restrictions, or indicate privileges or restrictions that apply to different administrative agencies, cells, or geographic areas, respectively. As an illustrative example, a first privilege certificate 420a may grant a vehicle 401 the privilege of using an emergency lane in a first geographic area 402 but not in a second geographic area 404, and a second privilege certificate 420b may control the speed at which the vehicle 401 may travel (e.g., 50 MPH in the first geographic area 402 and 30 MPH in the second geographic area 404). In different examples, the first privilege certificate 420a may correspond to one administrative agency and a cell associated with the administrative agency (e.g., cell-1, cell-2, cell-3), and the second privilege certificate 420b may correspond to another administrative agency and a cell associated with the administrative agency (e.g., cell-4, cell-5, cell-6). The first privilege certificate 420a may grant the vehicle 401 various privileges or impose restrictions within a particular location (eg, the first geographic area 402), while the second privilege certificate 420b may grant privileges or restrict the vehicle 401's actions within a different location (eg, the second geographic area 404).

[0100] In some embodiments, a UE (e.g., vehicle 401) may communicate a privileged certificate of the UE with one or more RSUs. The RSU may authenticate or confirm the UE so that the UE may enjoy the benefits of the privileges granted by the certificate within an authority associated with the RSU (e.g., cell coverage, geographic area). In order to share the certificate with the appropriate RSU, the UE should know the authority of its location or the location it is entering. The UE may determine the location of the UE (and therefore the authority and geographic area) based on the presence of one or more base stations located in the geographic area or using a positioning system such as GNSS. In some specific implementations, the UE may receive information about nearby neighboring cells (e.g., determining the location of neighboring cells when in cell-3). In some specific implementations, the UE may receive identifiers indicating the cells in which these base stations and RSUs are located from base stations and RSUs (e.g., via beacons). If the UE receives an identifier for cell-3, the UE may determine that it is within cell-3, based on which the UE may determine that neighboring cells include cell-1, cell-2, and cell-5, the last of which is in another geographic area (second geographic area 404) managed by a different authority than the authority of cell-3. This may indicate to the UE (e.g., when the vehicle 401 moves across the border 406) that there may be a possibility of a change in cell coverage or authority. The UE may transmit its certificate to one or more RSUs corresponding to neighboring cells, such as RSU 408b in cell-2, RSU 408c in cell-1, and / or RSU 408d in cell-5. By transmitting the certificate before the UE physically moves into the cell coverage area or geographic area (e.g., using a V2X message on the PC5 interface 430), the UE may continue to operate under the rules of the certificate without initiating transmission for the first time during a handover between cell coverage areas. In some specific implementations, the UE may transmit the certificate to one or more RSUs closest to the UE.

[0101] In some scenarios where handover occurs, the UE may cross a border (e.g., border 406) between geographic areas 402, 404, where different privileges may be granted to the UE under the new administration without a certificate. For example, a vehicle 401 may travel from a first geographic area 402 to a second geographic area 404, each of which is associated with different default rules. By default, for example, the second geographic area 404 may limit the vehicle speed to 30MPH without a privilege certificate. However, when the UE moves from one administration to another, it may enter an overlapping area 424 where the communication ranges of one RSU (e.g., 408c) in one geographic area (e.g., 402) and another RSU (e.g., 408d) in another geographic area (e.g., 404) intersect, where the UE (e.g., vehicle 401) must resolve conflicts between the rules imposed by the two geographic areas.

[0102] In some embodiments, in the overlapping area 424, the UE may retain the privileges and restrictions granted by the privilege certificate and applicable within the existing authority (e.g., the first geographic area 402) until the UE has completed the handover to the RSU in another authority (e.g., the second geographic area 404). Once the UE is out of the communication range of the last RSU (e.g., 408c) of the existing authority, the UE may provide the privilege certificate to the RSU (e.g., 408d) of the new authority. For example, if the vehicle 401 enters the second geographic area 404 and passes completely through the overlapping area 424, the UE (e.g., on the vehicle 401) may transmit one or more privilege certificates 420a, 420b via V2X messages on the PC5 interface.

[0103] RSU Processing Privileges : In some embodiments, once the UE performs a handover to a cell coverage area of ​​another authority, the UE may receive a new privilege certificate of the new authority to perform the privileges granted by the new privilege certificate. In some embodiments, in the overlap area 424, the privilege certificate of the previous authority (e.g., of the first geographic area 402) may apply until a cell reselection or handover to the new authority (e.g., of the second geographic area 404) occurs.

[0104] Fallback process in failure scenarios:However, in some scenarios, there is a possibility that bandwidth constraints or network congestion may cause message exchanges (e.g., V2X messages between UEs and RSUs) to be unsuccessful. Interference with other UEs, vehicles, or networks may hinder the successful transmission, reception, and / or confirmation of messages. In such scenarios, in some implementations, the UE may configure the message so that the priority of the message is increased, which may allow the UE to reduce the sensing window, thereby forcing the message to be transmitted to the RSU faster. In some implementations, the UE may allocate more resources (subchannels, subcarriers, symbols, resource elements, resource blocks, etc.) to the message. In some implementations, the UE may perform multiple transmissions to increase the chance of successfully conveying the message to the RSU. The delay period between transmission attempts may be reduced. In some implementations, the UE may attempt to transmit the message to other base stations or RSUs that have been detected and / or identified (e.g., via beacons originating from the base station or RSU), even if the other base stations or RSUs are at a greater distance than the attempted RSU.

[0105] In the case where the communication between the UE and the RSU is unsuccessful, the UE may continue to attempt to communicate to overcome congestion (increase message priority, allocate more resources, perform multiple transmissions, try other RSUs) using one or more of the above fallback processes. In some embodiments, when the UE attempts to successfully transmit a message to the RSU, the UE may continue to operate in a non-privileged or low-privileged state or mode until the communication is successful. In some specific implementations, the non-privileged operating state of the UE may be a normal operation without any enhanced privileges. That is, any normal restrictions and privileges set by the authority (posted speed limits, not using carpooling unless there are two or more passengers in the vehicle, bandwidth throttling, etc.) may apply to the UE. In some specific implementations, the non-privileged operating state of the UE may be in a lower priority state compared to other UEs that have been able to transmit privilege certificates to the authority (e.g., via the RSU). Restrictions on the UE may be imposed. For example, the cellular communication mode may be limited to 3G, the speed limit for the vehicle may be reduced from the normal limit of 40MPH to 25MPH, or the carpool lane may be closed regardless of the number of passengers in the vehicle.

[0106] In some scenarios, the UE may continue to pass RSUs (e.g., RSU 408d) with which the UE cannot establish communication, and leave the communication range of the RSU while in the non-privileged state. As the UE continues to move away from RSU 408d, the UE may continue to attempt to transfer the privileged certificate to a new authority (e.g., the second geographic area 404), and attempt to communicate with the next available RSU (e.g., RSU 408e). The UE may stay in the non-privileged state until communication with one of the RSUs is successful.

[0107] To illustrate an example scenario, a UE (e.g., vehicle 401) may traverse along a path 412 that extends across multiple authorities. In order to make any changes according to the different rules that the UE should follow, the UE may share (transmit) privileged certificates to new RSUs within range. For example, when the vehicle 401 crosses from cell-1 to cell-5 (e.g., when within the communication range of RSU 408d in cell-5 (which may be within the overlap area 424 created by the overlap of the communication ranges of RSUs 408c and 408d)), the UE may transmit one or more privileged certificates corresponding to a new authority (e.g., associated with the second geographic area 404) to RSU 408d. In some embodiments, V2X messages may be used using the PC5 interface 430 of the UE. If communication between the UE and RSU 408d fails and the UE is moving closer to RSU 408e, the UE may implement one or more of the aforementioned fallback processes to overcome congestion. This may include attempting to share privileged credentials corresponding to the new authority with RSU 408e (which is behind RSU 408d). Meanwhile, the UE may operate in a non-privileged state. If communication between the UE and RSU 408e also fails, the UE may continue in a non-privileged or default privileged operating state until successful communication with an upcoming RSU other than RSU 408e.

[0108] The above method of having the UE communicate privilege information to a network entity (e.g., RSU 408d) may be advantageous because the UE does not need to depend on the network to obtain privilege information. The UE may obtain a privilege certificate before entering a new authority and share the privilege certificate with the authority once the UE enters the geographic area of ​​the new authority. This also reduces the possibility of mishandling of the privilege information, such as from an imposter, hacker, or other malicious actor. In some implementations, the receiving RSU (e.g., 408d) may check the integrity of the privilege information or check for duplicate or unauthorized privileges.

[0109] method

[0110] Figure 5 is a flow chart of a method 500 of receiving privileges at a user equipment (UE) according to some embodiments. Figure 5 The components of the functions illustrated in one or more of the illustrated blocks may be performed by hardware and / or software components of a UE or a computer-readable device, the computer-readable device including a storage medium storing computer-readable and / or computer-executable instructions configured to cause the at least one processor device or computerized device (e.g., UE) to perform operations when executed by at least one processor device. In some embodiments, the UE may include V2X capabilities. Figure 8Example components of a UE are illustrated in FIG, and are described in more detail below.

[0111] It should also be noted that the operations of method 500 may be performed in any suitable order, and need not be Figure 5 In addition, method 500 may include comparing Figure 5 Those depicted operate more or less than the operations to receive privileges.

[0112] At block 510, method 500 may include receiving, based on determining that the UE is within a first geographic area associated with a first authority, first privileged information from a first wireless node within the first geographic area, the first privileged information including a first set of behavior rules determined by the first authority. In some embodiments, the UE may be a mobile UE. In some implementations, the UE may be co-located with a vehicle (e.g., temporarily or permanently on the vehicle). In some implementations, the UE may be a vehicle.

[0113] The first geographical area 302 may be an example of a first geographical area. The second geographical area 304 may be an example of a second geographical area. The vehicle 301 or 301a may be an example of a UE.

[0114] In some embodiments, the first privilege information may be included in a first privilege certificate that defines a first set of behavioral rules applicable to one or more locations of a vehicle. In some cases, the first set of behavioral rules may include speed limits for the vehicle, use of one or more special lanes (e.g., emergency lanes, carpool lanes) by the vehicle, wait times for traffic lights, or a combination thereof. Other behavioral rules may also be implemented. In some embodiments, the first administrative agency and the second administrative agency may be associated with respective first regulatory entities and second regulatory entities that manage the first geographic area and the second geographic area.

[0115] In some embodiments, the first wireless node may include a first roadside unit (RSU) configured to send or receive data with a UE via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, and the second wireless node may include a second RSU configured to send or receive data with a UE via V2X communication. RSU 308b may be an example of a first wireless node in one scenario (e.g., vehicle 301a moves from first geographic area 302 to second geographic area 304). RSU 310b may be an example of a first wireless node in another scenario (e.g., vehicle 301a moves from second geographic area 304 to first geographic area 302).

[0116] In some embodiments, prior to determining that the UE is within the overlapping area, the UE may operate according to a first set of behavioral rules while within the first geographic area.

[0117] Means for performing the functions at block 510 may include a wireless communication interface 830, a wireless communication antenna 832, and / or other components of the UE, such as Figure 8 exemplified.

[0118] At block 520, method 500 may include operating the UE according to a first set of behavior rules based on determining that the UE is within an overlapping area. In some embodiments, the overlapping area may be within a communication range of a first wireless node within a first geographic area and a communication range of a second wireless node within a second geographic area associated with a second authority. Overlap area 324 may be an example of an overlapping area. RSU 310b may be an example of a second wireless node.

[0119] In some scenarios, a UE may have been operating according to a first set of behavior rules while within a first geographic area, and may continue to operate using the same rules within a contention region between two geographic areas (eg, within an overlapping area).

[0120] The means for performing the functions at block 520 may include the processor 810 and / or other components of the UE, such as Figure 8 exemplified.

[0121] At block 530, method 500 may include receiving second privilege information from a second wireless node within the second geographic area, the second privilege information configured to enable the UE to operate according to a second set of behavior rules determined by a second authority when within the second geographic area and not within an overlapping area.

[0122] In some embodiments, receiving the second privileged information may be based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area. When within the second geographic area, the UE may still be within the communication range of the first wireless node. In some embodiments, receiving the second privileged information may be before determining that the UE is within the second geographic area. For example, before crossing a boundary (e.g., boundary 306) separating the first geographic area and the second geographic area, the vehicle may still be within the overlapping area of ​​the first wireless node and the second wireless node, but geographically in the first geographic area.

[0123] Means for performing the functions at block 530 may include a wireless communication interface 830, a wireless communication antenna 832, and / or other components of the UE, such as Figure 8 exemplified.

[0124] In some embodiments, based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area, method 500 may further include switching from operating the UE according to the first set of behavioral rules to operating the UE based on the second set of behavioral rules. In some implementations, the second set of behavioral rules may be different from the first set of behavioral rules.

[0125] In this manner described by method 500, a UE (eg, a vehicle) may retain privileges received by an initial authority (eg, via the RSU of that authority) until the UE is fully within another authority. However, the UE may also provide privilege information to an authority.

[0126] Figure 6 is a flow chart of a method 600 of communicating privileged information with a UE according to some embodiments. Figure 6 The components of the functions illustrated in one or more of the illustrated blocks may be performed by hardware and / or software components of a UE or a computer-readable device, the computer-readable device including a storage medium storing computer-readable and / or computer-executable instructions configured to cause the at least one processor device or computerized device (e.g., UE) to perform operations when executed by at least one processor device. In some embodiments, the UE may include V2X capabilities. Figure 8 Example components of a UE are illustrated in FIG, and are described in more detail below.

[0127] It should also be noted that the operations of method 600 may be performed in any suitable order, and need not be Figure 6 In addition, method 600 may include comparing Figure 6 Those depicted may operate more or less than the operations described to convey privileged information.

[0128] At block 610, method 600 may include transmitting, based on determining that the UE is within a first geographic area associated with a first authority, first privileged information to a wireless node associated with the first geographic area, the first privileged information including a first set of behavior rules determined by the first authority. In some embodiments, the UE may be a mobile UE. In some implementations, the UE may be co-located with a vehicle (e.g., temporarily or permanently on a vehicle). In some implementations, the UE may be a vehicle.

[0129] The first geographical area 402 may be an example of a first geographical area. The second geographical area 404 may be an example of a second geographical area. The vehicle 401 may be an example of a UE.

[0130] In some embodiments, the first privilege information may be included in a first privilege certificate that defines a first set of behavioral rules applicable to one or more locations of a vehicle. In some cases, the first set of behavioral rules may include speed limits for the vehicle, use of one or more special lanes (e.g., emergency lanes, carpool lanes) by the vehicle, wait times for traffic lights, or a combination thereof. Other behavioral rules may also be implemented. In some embodiments, the first administrative agency and the second administrative agency may be associated with respective first regulatory entities and second regulatory entities that manage the first geographic area and the second geographic area.

[0131] In some embodiments, the first wireless node may include a first RSU configured to send or receive data with the UE via V2X communication, and the second wireless node may include a second RSU configured to send or receive data with the UE via V2X communication. RSU 408c may be an example of a first wireless node in a scenario (e.g., a vehicle 401 moves from a first geographic area 402 to a second geographic area 404).

[0132] In some embodiments, prior to determining that the UE is within the overlapping area, the UE may operate according to a first set of behavioral rules while within the first geographic area.

[0133] Means for performing the functions at block 610 may include a wireless communication interface 830, a wireless communication antenna 832, and / or other components of the UE, such as Figure 8 exemplified.

[0134] At block 620, method 600 may include operating a UE based on a first set of behavioral rules within a first geographic area. Depending on the rules, the UE (e.g., a vehicle) may operate under enhanced behavioral rules, such as higher speed limits, entering special lanes, lower waiting times at traffic lights, etc.

[0135] The means for performing the functions at block 620 may include the processor 810 and / or other components of the UE, such as Figure 8 exemplified.

[0136] At block 630, method 600 may include operating the UE according to a first set of behavior rules based on determining that the UE is within an overlapping area. In some embodiments, the overlapping area may be within a communication range of a first wireless node within a first geographic area and a communication range of a second wireless node within a second geographic area associated with a second authority. Overlap area 324 may be an example of an overlapping area.

[0137] In some scenarios, a UE may have been operating according to a first set of behavior rules while within a first geographic area, and may continue to operate using the same rules within a contention region between two geographic areas (eg, within an overlapping area).

[0138] The means for performing the functions at block 630 may include the processor 810 and / or other components of the UE, such as Figure 8 exemplified.

[0139] At block 640, method 600 may include initiating communication with a second wireless node within the second geographic area to transmit second privileged information to the second wireless node within the second geographic area, the second privileged information being configured to enable the UE to operate in accordance with a second set of behavioral rules determined by a second authority when within the second geographic area and not within an overlapping area. RSU 408d may be an example of a second wireless node.

[0140] In some embodiments, transmitting the second privileged information to the second wireless node may be based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and is not within the overlapping area. When within the second geographic area, the UE may still be within the communication range of the first wireless node. In some embodiments, receiving the second privileged information may be before determining that the UE is within the second geographic area. For example, before crossing the boundary (e.g., boundary 306) separating the first geographic area and the second geographic area, the vehicle may still be within the overlapping area of ​​the first wireless node and the second wireless node, but geographically in the first geographic area.

[0141] Means for performing the functions at block 640 may include the wireless communication interface 830, the wireless communication antenna 832, and / or other components of the UE, such as Figure 8 exemplified.

[0142] In some embodiments, based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area, method 500 may further include switching from operating the UE according to the first set of behavioral rules to operating the UE based on the second set of behavioral rules. In some implementations, the second set of behavioral rules may be different from the first set of behavioral rules.

[0143] In some scenarios, communication with the second wireless node may not be successful. This may occur due to one or more reasons, including network congestion, bandwidth constraints, interference, etc. In some embodiments, in order to alleviate these scenarios, the UE may be configured to determine the failure of the initiated communication with the second wireless node, and based on this determination, implement one or more fallback processes to transmit the second privileged information. In various specific implementations, one or more fallback processes may include increasing the message priority with the second wireless node, allocating more resources for communication with the second wireless node, initiating multiple communications with the second wireless node, initiating communication with a third wireless node (e.g., RSU 408e), or a combination thereof. During one or more fallback processes, the UE may operate according to a third set of behavior rules. The third set of behavior rules may be based on a default privileged or unprivileged state, and may partially or completely overlap with the first set of behavior rules or the second set of behavior rules.

[0144] In this manner described by method 600, a UE (eg, a vehicle) may transmit privilege information to an authority (eg, via an RSU of the authority).

[0145] Figure 7 is a flow chart of a method 700 of granting privileges to a UE according to some embodiments. Figure 7 The components of the functions illustrated in one or more of the illustrated blocks may be performed by hardware and / or software components of a base station (e.g., RSU) or a computer-readable device, the computer-readable device including a storage medium storing computer-readable and / or computer-executable instructions configured to cause the at least one processor device or computerized device (e.g., RSU) to perform operations when executed by at least one processor device. In some embodiments, the RSU may include V2X capabilities. Fig. 9 Example components of a base station or RSU are illustrated in FIG. 4 and are described in more detail below.

[0146] It should also be noted that the operations of method 900 may be performed in any suitable order, and need not be Fig. 9 In addition, method 600 may include comparing Fig. 9 Those depicted may perform more or fewer operations to grant privileges.

[0147] At block 710, method 700 may include determining, by a wireless node within a first geographic area, the presence of a user equipment (UE) within a communication range of the wireless node. In some embodiments, the UE may be a mobile UE. In some implementations, the UE may be co-located with a vehicle (e.g., temporarily or permanently on a vehicle). In some implementations, the UE may be a vehicle.

[0148] In some embodiments, the first wireless node may include an RSU configured to send or receive data with the UE via V2X communication. RSU 308b may be an example of a wireless node in one scenario. RSU 310b may be an example of a wireless node in another scenario. RSU 408c may be an example of a wireless node in another scenario.

[0149] The means for performing the functions at block 710 may include a wireless communication interface 930, a wireless communication antenna 932, and / or other components of the RSU, such as Fig. 9 exemplified.

[0150] At box 720, method 700 may include transmitting privileged information by the wireless node to the UE, the privileged information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a set of behavioral rules associated with the first geographic area when the UE is within the first geographic area or within an overlapping area created by the communication range of the wireless node and the communication range of another wireless node in another geographic area.

[0151] In some embodiments, the set of behavioral rules associated with the first geographic area may be determined by a regulatory authority that manages the first geographic area. In some implementations, the set of behavioral rules may include speed limits for vehicles, use of one or more special lanes by vehicles, wait times for traffic lights, or a combination thereof.

[0152] The means for performing the functions at block 720 may include a wireless communication interface 930, a wireless communication antenna 932, and / or other components of the RSU, such as Fig. 9 exemplified.

[0153] In this manner described by method 700, a base station (eg, an RSU managed by an authority for a geographic area) may grant privileges to UEs within the geographic area.

[0154] Device

[0155] Figure 8 is as described above (e.g., in conjunction with FIG. 3 to Figure 6 ) is a block diagram of an embodiment of a UE 105 that is utilized as described in the foregoing. For example, the UE 105 may execute Figure 5 or Figure 6 One or more of the functions of the method shown. It should be noted that Figure 8 It is intended only to provide a generalized illustration of various components, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate. It may be noted that in some cases, Figure 8The illustrated components may be localized as a single physical device and / or distributed among various networked devices that may be located at different physical locations. In addition, as previously noted, the functionality of the UE discussed in the previously described embodiments may be provided by Figure 8 The invention may be executed by one or more of the illustrated hardware and / or software components.

[0156] UE 105 is shown as including hardware elements that may be electrically coupled via bus 805 (or may otherwise communicate, as appropriate). The hardware elements may include a processor 810, which may include, but is not limited to, one or more general-purpose processors (e.g., application processors), one or more special-purpose processors (such as digital signal processor (DSP) chips, graphics acceleration processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.), and / or other processing structures or components. Processor 810 may include one or more processing units, which may be housed in a single integrated circuit (IC) or multiple ICs. Figure 8 As shown, some embodiments may have a separate DSP 820, depending on the desired functionality. Position determination and / or other determinations based on wireless communication (discussed below) may be provided in the processor 810 and / or the wireless communication interface 830. The UE 105 may also include: one or more input devices 870, which may include but are not limited to one or more keyboards, touch screens, touch pads, microphones, buttons, dials, switches, etc.; and one or more output devices 815, which may include but are not limited to one or more displays (e.g., touch screens), light emitting diodes (LEDs), speakers, etc.

[0157] UE 105 may also include a wireless communication interface 830, which may include but is not limited to a modem, a network card, an infrared communication device, a wireless communication device and / or a chipset (such as Device, IEEE 802.11 device, IEEE802.15.4 device, Wi-Fi device, WiMAX device, WAN device and / or various cellular devices, etc.), the wireless communication interface may enable UE 105 to communicate with other devices as described in the above embodiments. The wireless communication interface 830 may allow the TRP of the network to communicate (e.g., send and receive) data and signaling, such as via eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, access point, various base stations and / or other access node types and / or other network components, computer systems and / or any other electronic device communicatively coupled to the TRP, as described herein. Communication may be performed via one or more wireless communication antennas 832 that transmit and / or receive wireless signals 834. According to some embodiments, the wireless communication antenna 832 may include multiple discrete antennas, antenna arrays, or any combination thereof. The antenna 832 may be capable of using beams (e.g., Tx beams and Rx beams) to send and receive wireless signals. Beamforming may be performed using digital and / or analog beamforming techniques using corresponding digital and / or analog circuits. Wireless communication interface 830 may include such circuitry.

[0158] Depending on the desired functionality, the wireless communication interface 830 may include separate receivers and transmitters, or any combination of transceivers, transmitters, and / or receivers to communicate with base stations (e.g., ng-eNBs and gNBs) and other terrestrial transceivers (such as wireless devices and access points). The UE 105 may communicate with different data networks, which may include various network types. For example, the WWAN may be a CDMA network, a time division multiple access (TDMA) network, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) network, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) network, a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) network, a WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) network, etc. A CDMA network may implement one or more RATs, such as WCDMA, etc. Includes IS-95, IS-2000, and / or IS-856 standards. A TDMA network may implement GSM, Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), or some other RAT. An OFDMA network may employ LTE, Advanced LTE, 5G NR, and the like. 5G NR, LTE, Advanced LTE, GSM, and WCDMA are described in documents from 3GPP. Described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). 3GPP and 3GPP2 documents are publicly available. A wireless local area network (WLAN) may also be an IEEE 802.11x network, while a wireless personal area network (WPAN) may be a Bluetooth network, IEEE 802.15x, or some other type of network. The techniques described herein may also be used for any combination of WWAN, WLAN, and / or WPAN.

[0159] The UE 105 may also include sensors 840. The sensors 840 may include, but are not limited to, one or more inertial sensors and / or other sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, cameras, magnetometers, altimeters, microphones, proximity sensors, light sensors, barometers, etc.), some of which may be used to obtain position-related measurements and / or other information.

[0160] Embodiments of UE 105 may also include a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver 880 that is capable of receiving signals 884 from one or more GNSS satellites using antenna 882 (which may be the same as antenna 832). Positioning based on GNSS signal measurements may be used to supplement and / or incorporate the techniques described herein. GNSS receiver 880 may extract the location of UE 105 using conventional techniques from GNSS satellites of GNSS systems such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo, GLONASS, Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) covering Japan, IRNSS covering India, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) covering China, etc. In addition, the GNSS receiver 880 may be used with various augmentation systems (e.g., satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS)) that may be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems, such as, for example, the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multifunction Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), and the Geographic Augmentation Navigation System (GAGAN), among others.

[0161] It may be pointed out that although Figure 8880 is illustrated as a different component in the figure, but the embodiments are not limited thereto. As used herein, the term "GNSS receiver" may include hardware and / or software components configured to obtain GNSS measurements (measurements from GNSS satellites). Therefore, in some embodiments, the GNSS receiver may include (as software) a measurement engine executed by one or more processors, such as the processor 810, the DSP 820, and / or a processor within the wireless communication interface 830 (e.g., in a modem). The GNSS receiver may also optionally include a positioning engine that can use the GNSS measurements from the measurement engine to determine the position of the GNSS receiver using an extended Kalman filter (EKF), a weighted least squares method (WLS), a hatch filter, a particle filter, etc. The positioning engine may also be executed by one or more processors, such as the processor 810 or the DSP 820.

[0162] The UE 105 may also include and / or be in communication with a memory 860. The memory 860 may include, but is not limited to, local and / or network accessible storage, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices such as random access memory (RAM) and / or read-only memory (ROM), which may be programmable, flash-updatable, and the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including but not limited to various file systems, database structures, and the like.

[0163] The memory 860 of the UE 105 may also include software elements ( Figure 8 810 or DSP 820 within the UE 105). Such code and / or instructions may then be used to configure and / or adapt a general purpose computer (or other device) to perform one or more operations according to the described methods.

[0164] Fig. 9 It can be as described above in this article (for example, in conjunction with Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 7 ) is a block diagram of an embodiment of a base station 120 that is utilized as described in the foregoing. For example, the base station 120 may execute Figure 7One or more of the functions of the method shown, for example, RSU. It should be noted that Fig. 9 It is intended only to provide a generalized illustration of various components, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate. In some embodiments, base station 120 may correspond to a gNB, ng-eNB, and / or (more generally) a TRP.

[0165] Base station 120 is shown as including hardware elements that may be electrically coupled via bus 905 (or may communicate in other ways as appropriate). The hardware elements may include processor 910, which may include, but is not limited to, one or more general-purpose processors, one or more special-purpose processors (such as DSP chips, graphics acceleration processors, ASICs, etc.), and / or other processing structures or components. Fig. 9 As shown, some embodiments may have a separate DSP 920, depending on the desired functionality. According to some embodiments, wireless communication-based position determination and / or other determinations may be provided in the processor 910 and / or the wireless communication interface 930 (discussed below). The base station 120 may also include one or more input devices, which may include but are not limited to a keyboard, a display, a mouse, a microphone, buttons, a dial, a switch, etc.; and one or more output devices, which may include but are not limited to a display, a light emitting diode (LED), a speaker, etc.

[0166] The base station 120 may also include a wireless communication interface 930, which may include but is not limited to a modem, a network card, an infrared communication device, a wireless communication device and / or a chipset (such as Devices, IEEE 802.11 devices, IEEE 802.15.4 devices, Wi-Fi devices, WiMAX devices, cellular communication facilities, etc.), etc., which can enable the base station 120 to communicate as described herein. The wireless communication interface 930 can permit the communication (e.g., sending and receiving) of data and signaling to UEs, other base stations / TRPs (e.g., eNBs, gNBs, and ng-eNBs), and / or other network components, computer systems, and / or any other electronic devices described herein. Communication can be performed via one or more wireless communication antennas 932 that transmit and / or receive wireless signals 934.

[0167] The base station 120 may also include a network interface 980, which may include support for wired communication technologies. The network interface 980 may include a modem, a network card, a chipset, etc. The network interface 980 may include one or more input and / or output communication interfaces to permit data to be exchanged with a network, a communication network server, a computer system, and / or any other electronic device described herein.

[0168] In many embodiments, the base station 120 may also include a memory 960. The memory 960 may include, but is not limited to, local and / or network accessible storage, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices (such as RAM and / or ROM), which may be programmable, flash-updatable, etc. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including, but not limited to, various file systems, database structures, etc.

[0169] The memory 960 of the base station 120 may also include software elements ( Fig. 9 960), including an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code (such as one or more applications), which software elements may include computer programs provided by various embodiments, and / or may be designed to implement methods provided by other embodiments, and / or configure systems provided by other embodiments, as described herein. By way of example only, one or more procedures described with respect to the methods discussed above may be implemented as code and / or instructions in memory 960 that may be executed by base station 120 (and / or processor 910 or DSP 920 within base station 120). In some embodiments, such code and / or instructions may then be used to configure and / or adapt a general purpose computer (or other device) to perform one or more operations according to the described methods.

[0170] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that substantial modifications may be made according to specific requirements. For example, customized hardware may also be used, and / or specific elements may be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets, etc.), or both. Additionally, connections to other computing devices (such as network input / output devices) may be employed.

[0171] With reference to the accompanying drawings, components that may include memory may include non-transient machine-readable media. As used herein, the terms "machine-readable medium" and "computer-readable medium" refer to any storage medium that participates in providing data that enables a machine to operate in a particular manner. In the embodiments provided above, various machine-readable media may be involved when providing instructions / codes to a processor and / or other devices for execution. Additionally or alternatively, machine-readable media may be used to store and / or carry such instructions / codes. In many specific implementations, computer-readable media are physical and / or tangible storage media. Such media may take many forms, including but not limited to non-volatile media and volatile media. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example: magnetic and / or optical media, any other physical media with hole patterns, RAM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or memory box or any other medium from which a computer can read instructions and / or codes.

[0172] The methods, systems and devices discussed herein are examples. Various embodiments may omit, replace or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, features described with respect to certain embodiments may be combined in various other embodiments. Different aspects and elements of the embodiments may be combined in a similar manner. The various components of the accompanying drawings provided herein may be embodied in hardware and / or software. In addition, technology may evolve, and therefore many elements are examples, which do not limit the scope of the present disclosure to those specific examples.

[0173] It has proven convenient at times, primarily for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals as bits, information, values, elements, symbols, characters, variables, terms, numbers, digital symbols, and the like. However, it should be understood that all of these or similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unless otherwise specifically stated, as will be apparent from the above discussion, it should be understood that throughout this specification, discussions utilizing terms such as "processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," "ascertaining," "identifying," "correlating," "measuring," "performing," and the like refer to the actions or processes of a particular device such as a special-purpose computer or similar special-purpose electronic computing device. Thus, in the context of this specification, a special-purpose computer or similar special-purpose electronic computing device is capable of manipulating or transforming signals, typically represented as physical, electronic, electrical, or magnetic quantities in a memory, register, or other information storage device, a transmitting device, or a display device of the special-purpose computer or similar special-purpose electronic computing device.

[0174] As used herein, the terms "and" and "or" may include multiple meanings that are also intended to depend at least in part on the context in which such terms are used. Generally, "or", if used in association with a list, such as A, B, or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C (inclusive meanings are used here) as well as A, B, or C (exclusive meanings are used here). In addition, as used herein, the term "one or more" may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular form, or may be used to describe a certain combination of features, structures, or characteristics. However, it should be noted that this is merely an illustrative example, and the subject matter claimed is not limited to this example. In addition, the term "at least one of...", if used in association with a list, such as A, B, or C, may be interpreted to mean any combination of A, B, and / or C, such as A, AB, AA, AAB, AABBCCC, etc.

[0175] Several embodiments have been described, and various modifications, alternative configurations, and equivalents may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the above elements may be components of a larger system, wherein other rules may take precedence over the application of the various embodiments or otherwise modify the application of the various embodiments. In addition, multiple steps may be performed before, during, or after considering the above elements. Accordingly, the above description does not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0176] In view of this description, various embodiments may include different combinations of features. Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0177] Clause 1. A method for receiving privileges at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving first privilege information from a first wireless node within a first geographical area associated with a first authority based on determining that the UE is within the first geographical area, the first privilege information comprising a first set of behavioral rules determined by the first authority; operating the UE according to the first set of behavioral rules based on determining that the UE is within an overlapping area, the overlapping area being within a communication range of the first wireless node within the first geographical area and a communication range of a second wireless node within a second geographical area associated with a second authority; and receiving second privilege information from the second wireless node within the second geographical area, the second privilege information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a second set of behavioral rules determined by the second authority when within the second geographical area and not within the overlapping area.

[0178] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein the UE comprises a mobile UE, the mobile UE comprising a vehicle, or being co-located with the vehicle.

[0179] Clause 3. A method according to any one of clauses 1 to 2, wherein the first privilege information is contained in a first privilege certificate, the first privilege certificate defining that the first set of behavioral rules is applicable to one or more locations of the vehicle; and the first set of behavioral rules includes a speed limit for the vehicle, use of one or more special lanes by the vehicle, waiting time for traffic lights, or a combination thereof.

[0180] Clause 4. A method according to any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the first wireless node includes a first roadside unit (RSU), which is configured to send or receive data with the UE via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication; and the second wireless node includes a second RSU, which is configured to send or receive data with the UE via V2X communication.

[0181] Clause 5. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 4, further comprising: prior to determining that the UE is within the overlapping area, operating the UE according to the first set of behavior rules when the UE is within the first geographic area.

[0182] Clause 6. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the first authority and the second authority are associated with respective first and second regulatory entities that manage the first and second geographic areas.

[0183] Clause 7. A method as described in any of clauses 1 to 6, wherein receiving the second privilege information from the second wireless node is based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

[0184] Clause 8. A method as described in any of clauses 1 to 7, wherein receiving the second privilege information is before determining that the UE is within the second geographical area.

[0185] Clause 9. The method according to any one of clauses 1 to 8 further includes: based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area, switching from operating the UE according to the first set of behavioral rules to operating the UE based on the second set of behavioral rules; wherein the second set of behavioral rules is different from the first set of behavioral rules.

[0186] Clause 10. A user equipment (UE) comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being communicatively coupled to the memory and configured to: based on determining that the UE is within a first geographic area associated with a first authority, receive first privileged information from a first wireless node within the first geographic area, the first privileged information comprising a first set of behavioral rules determined by the first authority; based on determining that the UE is within an overlapping area, operate the UE according to the first set of behavioral rules, the overlapping area being within a communication range of the first wireless node within the first geographic area and a communication range of a second wireless node within a second geographic area associated with a second authority; and receive second privileged information from the second wireless node within the second geographic area, the second privileged information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a second set of behavioral rules determined by the second authority when within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

[0187] Clause 11. The UE of clause 10, wherein the UE comprises a mobile UE, the mobile UE comprising a vehicle or being co-located with the vehicle.

[0188] Clause 12. A UE according to any one of clauses 10 to 11, wherein the first privileged information is contained in a first privileged certificate, the first privileged certificate defining that the first set of behavioral rules applies to one or more locations of the vehicle; and the first set of behavioral rules includes a speed limit for the vehicle, use of one or more special lanes by the vehicle, a waiting time for a traffic light, or a combination thereof.

[0189] Clause 13. A UE according to any one of clauses 10 to 12, wherein the first wireless node includes a first roadside unit (RSU), which is configured to send or receive data with the UE via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication; and the second wireless node includes a second RSU, which is configured to send or receive data with the UE via V2X communication.

[0190] Clause 14. A UE according to any one of clauses 10 to 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to operate the UE according to the first set of behavioral rules when the UE is within the first geographic area before determining that the UE is within the overlapping area.

[0191] Clause 15. A UE as set forth in any of clauses 10 to 14, wherein the first authority and the second authority are associated with respective first and second regulatory entities that manage the first and second geographical areas.

[0192] Clause 16. A UE as described in any of clauses 10 to 15, wherein receiving the second privilege information from the second wireless node is based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

[0193] Clause 17. A UE as set forth in any of clauses 10 to 16, wherein receiving the second privilege information is prior to determining that the UE is within the second geographical area.

[0194] Clause 18. A UE according to any one of clauses 10 to 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to switch from operating the UE according to the first set of behavioral rules to operating the UE based on the second set of behavioral rules based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area; wherein the second set of behavioral rules is different from the first set of behavioral rules.

[0195] Clause 19. A non-transitory computer-readable device comprising a storage medium having instructions configured to, when executed by one or more processors, cause a user equipment (UE) to: based on determining that the UE is within a first geographic area associated with a first authority, transmit first privileged information to a wireless node associated with the first geographic area, the first privileged information comprising a first set of behavioral rules determined by the first authority; operate the UE based on the first set of behavioral rules within the first geographic area; based on determining that the UE is within an overlapping area, continue to operate the UE according to the first set of behavioral rules, the overlapping area being within a communication range of the first wireless node within the first geographic area and a communication range of a second wireless node within a second geographic area associated with a second authority; and initiate communication with the second wireless node within the second geographic area to transmit second privileged information to the second wireless node, the second privileged information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a second set of behavioral rules determined by the second authority when within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

[0196] Clause 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of Clause 19, wherein the UE comprises a mobile UE comprising or co-located with a vehicle.

[0197] Clause 21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 19 to 20, wherein the first wireless node includes a first roadside unit (RSU), which is configured to send or receive data with the UE via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication; and the second wireless node includes a second RSU, which is configured to send or receive data with the UE via V2X communication.

[0198] Clause 22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of clauses 19 to 21, wherein the first and second administrative authorities are associated with respective first and second regulatory entities that manage the first and second geographic areas.

[0199] Clause 23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 19 to 22, wherein transmitting the second privilege information to the second wireless node is based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

[0200] Clause 24. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in any one of clauses 19 to 23, wherein the set of behavioral rules includes a speed limit for the vehicle, use of one or more special lanes by the vehicle, waiting times for traffic lights, or a combination thereof.

[0201] Clause 25. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 19 to 24, wherein the instructions are also configured to cause the UE, when executed by the one or more processors, to: switch from operating the UE according to the first set of behavioral rules to operating the UE based on the second set of behavioral rules based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area; wherein the second set of behavioral rules is different from the first set of behavioral rules.

[0202] Clause 26. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 19 to 25, wherein the instructions are also configured to cause the UE, when executed by the one or more processors, to: determine a failure of the initiated communication with the second wireless node; based on determining the failure, implement one or more fallback processes to transmit the second privileged information, the one or more fallback processes including increasing the message priority with the second wireless node, allocating more resources for the communication with the second wireless node, initiating multiple communications with the second wireless node, initiating communication with a third wireless node, or a combination thereof; and during the one or more fallback processes, operate according to a third set of behavioral rules.

[0203] Clause 27. An apparatus comprising: a component for determining, by a wireless node within a first geographic area, the presence of a user equipment (UE) within a communication range of the wireless node; and a component for transmitting, by the wireless node, privileged information to the UE, the privileged information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a set of behavioral rules associated with the first geographic area when the UE is within the first geographic area or within an overlapping area created by the communication range of the wireless node and the communication range of another wireless node in another geographic area.

[0204] Clause 28. The apparatus of clause 25, wherein the UE comprises a mobile UE, the mobile UE comprising a vehicle or being co-located with the vehicle.

[0205] Clause 29. An apparatus according to any one of clauses 27 to 28, wherein the wireless node comprises a roadside unit (RSU) configured to send or receive data with the UE via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications.

[0206] Clause 30. An apparatus according to any one of clauses 27 to 29, wherein the set of behavioral rules associated with the first geographic area is determined by a regulatory authority that manages the first geographic area; and the set of behavioral rules includes a speed limit for the vehicle, use of one or more special lanes by the vehicle, waiting times for traffic lights, or a combination thereof.

Claims

1. A method of receiving privileges at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, based on determining that the UE is within a first geographic area associated with a first authority, first privilege information from a first wireless node within the first geographic area, the first privilege information comprising a first set of behavior rules determined by the first authority; operating the UE according to the first set of behavior rules based on determining that the UE is within an overlapping area, the overlapping area being within a communication range of the first wireless node within the first geographic area and a communication range of a second wireless node within a second geographic area associated with a second authority; as well as Second privilege information is received from the second wireless node within the second geographic area, the second privilege information being configured to enable the UE to operate in accordance with a second set of behavior rules determined by the second authority when within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area. 2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the UE comprises a mobile UE, and the mobile UE comprises a vehicle or is co-located with the vehicle.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The first privilege information is contained in a first privilege certificate, the first privilege certificate defining that the first set of behavioral rules is applicable to one or more locations of the vehicle; and The first set of behavior rules includes a speed limit for the vehicle, use of one or more special lanes by the vehicle, a waiting time at a traffic light, or a combination thereof.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first wireless node includes a first roadside unit (RSU) configured to send or receive data with the UE via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication; and The second wireless node includes a second RSU configured to transmit or receive data with the UE via V2X communication.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Prior to determining that the UE is within the overlapping area, the UE is operated according to the first set of behavior rules when the UE is within the first geographic area.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second regulatory authorities are associated with respective first and second regulatory entities that manage the first and second geographic areas.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the second privilege information from the second wireless node is based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the second privilege information is prior to determining that the UE is within the second geographic area.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: switching from operating the UE according to the first set of behavior rules to operating the UE based on the second set of behavior rules based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area; Wherein said second set of behavioral rules is different from said first set of behavioral rules.

10. A user equipment (UE), comprising: Memory; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the memory and configured to: receiving, based on determining that the UE is within a first geographic area associated with a first authority, first privilege information from a first wireless node within the first geographic area, the first privilege information comprising a first set of behavior rules determined by the first authority; operating the UE according to the first set of behavior rules based on determining that the UE is within an overlapping area, the overlapping area being within a communication range of the first wireless node within the first geographic area and a communication range of a second wireless node within a second geographic area associated with a second authority; as well as Second privilege information is received from the second wireless node within the second geographic area, the second privilege information being configured to enable the UE to operate in accordance with a second set of behavior rules determined by the second authority when within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

11. The UE of claim 10, wherein the UE comprises a mobile UE, and the mobile UE comprises a vehicle or is co-located with the vehicle.

12. The UE according to claim 11, wherein: The first privilege information is contained in a first privilege certificate, the first privilege certificate defining that the first set of behavioral rules is applicable to one or more locations of the vehicle; and The first set of behavior rules includes a speed limit for the vehicle, use of one or more special lanes by the vehicle, a waiting time at a traffic light, or a combination thereof.

13. The UE according to claim 10, wherein: The first wireless node includes a first roadside unit (RSU) configured to send or receive data with the UE via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication; and The second wireless node includes a second RSU configured to transmit or receive data with the UE via V2X communication.

14. The UE of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to operate the UE according to the first set of behavior rules when the UE is within the first geographic area before determining that the UE is within the overlapping area.

15. The UE of claim 10, wherein the first authority and the second authority are associated with respective first and second regulatory entities that manage the first and second geographical areas.

16. The UE of claim 10, wherein receiving the second privilege information from the second wireless node is based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

17. The UE of claim 10, wherein receiving the second privilege information is before determining that the UE is within the second geographical area.

18. The UE of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to switch from operating the UE according to the first set of behavior rules to operating the UE based on the second set of behavior rules based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area; Wherein said second set of behavioral rules is different from said first set of behavioral rules.

19. A non-transitory computer-readable device comprising a storage medium having instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, are configured to cause a user equipment (UE): based on determining that the UE is within a first geographic area associated with a first authority, transmitting first privileged information to a first wireless node associated with the first geographic area, the first privileged information comprising a first set of behavior rules determined by the first authority; operating the UE based on the first set of behavior rules within the first geographic area; continuing to operate the UE according to the first set of behavior rules based on determining that the UE is within an overlapping area, the overlapping area being within a communication range of the first wireless node within the first geographic area and a communication range of a second wireless node within a second geographic area associated with a second authority; as well as Initiate communication with the second wireless node within the second geographic area to transmit second privilege information to the second wireless node, the second privilege information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a second set of behavioral rules determined by the second authority when within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 19, wherein the UE comprises a mobile UE comprising a vehicle or is co-located with the vehicle.

21. The non-transitory computer readable device of claim 19, wherein: The first wireless node includes a first roadside unit (RSU) configured to send or receive data with the UE via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication; and The second wireless node includes a second RSU configured to transmit or receive data with the UE via V2X communication.

22. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 19, wherein the first and second administrative authorities are associated with respective first and second regulatory entities that administer the first and second geographic regions.

23. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 19, wherein transmitting the second privilege information to the second wireless node is based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area.

24. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 19, wherein the first set of behavior rules comprises a speed limit for a vehicle, use of one or more special lanes by the vehicle, a wait time at a traffic light, or a combination thereof.

25. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 19, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, are further configured to cause the UE to: switching from operating the UE according to the first set of behavior rules to operating the UE based on the second set of behavior rules based on determining that the UE is within the second geographic area and not within the overlapping area; Wherein said second set of behavioral rules is different from said first set of behavioral rules.

26. The non-transitory computer-readable device of claim 19, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, are further configured to cause the UE to: determining a failure of the initiated communication with the second wireless node; based on determining the failure, implementing one or more fallback procedures to transmit the second privileged information, the one or more fallback procedures comprising increasing a message priority with the second wireless node, allocating more resources for the communication with the second wireless node, initiating a plurality of communications with the second wireless node, initiating communication with a third wireless node, or a combination thereof; as well as During the one or more fallback procedures, operations are performed according to a third set of behavior rules.

27. An apparatus comprising: means for determining, by a wireless node within a first geographic area, the presence of a user equipment (UE) within a communication range of the wireless node; and A component for transmitting privileged information by the wireless node to the UE, the privileged information being configured to enable the UE to operate according to a set of behavioral rules associated with the first geographic area when the UE is within the first geographic area or within an overlapping area created by the communication range of the wireless node and the communication range of another wireless node in another geographic area.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the UE comprises a mobile UE, the mobile UE comprising a vehicle or being co-located with the vehicle.

29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the wireless node comprises a roadside unit (RSU) configured to send or receive data with the UE via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein: The set of behavioral rules associated with the first geographic area is determined by a regulatory authority that governs the first geographic area; and The set of behavior rules includes a speed limit for a vehicle, usage of one or more special lanes by the vehicle, waiting times at traffic lights, or a combination thereof.

Images