A ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction

Abstract

The present invention discloses a ballastless track vibration reduction structure that integrates induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction, belonging to the technical field of rail transit. The track plate and base plate of the present invention are laid longitudinally along the track line, with the track plate located above the base plate; an adjustment layer is arranged between the track plate and the base plate; an elastic vibration reduction layer is provided between the base plate and the piezoelectric device layer, and the elastic vibration reduction layer is filled in a limiting structure within the base plate; a silicon steel sheet iron core structure of an electromagnetic coil is provided within the elastic vibration reduction layer located in the limiting structure; the piezoelectric device layer is located between the adjustment layer and the base plate, and the piezoelectric device layer is connected to the electromagnetic coil via a wire. The present invention utilizes piezoelectric materials and magnetorheological elastomer materials to achieve the integration of induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction. When the pressure is insufficient to cause the piezoelectric device to output current, the magnetorheological elastomer material still has the mechanical properties of an ordinary rubber elastomer, and the entire structure can still ensure the vibration reduction function while also achieving power-off protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rail transportation, and in particular relates to a ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction. Background Art

[0002] When a train is running, dynamic wheel-rail excitation causes track vibration. The ballastless track used in high-speed railways has a relatively high connection stiffness with the substructure, resulting in severe vibrations that seriously impact the durability of the structure and people's lives. The use of vibration-damping track can provide track elasticity, mitigate wheel-rail impact, and achieve environmental vibration control. Current vibration-damping track systems utilize conventional rubber isolation pads on the baseplate. Different rubber pad types can be used to adjust the pad stiffness to adjust the vibration damping effect. This utilizes the elasticity of the material to absorb vibration energy, a form of passive vibration reduction. While the structure is relatively simple, it has poor adaptability to the external environment.

[0003] For rail transit vibration, the track vibration caused by high-frequency impact between the wheel and rail is the vibration source. It propagates outward through the underlying foundations such as bridges, tunnels, and roadbeds, and spreads to buildings along the line, causing damage. Accordingly, vibration-damping tracks control rail transit from both the vibration source and the propagation path. Vibration isolation pads are key to the vibration-damping effect of vibration-damping tracks. In order to adjust the vibration-damping effect, different types of rubber pads are generally selected to change the stiffness of the isolation pads, thereby achieving vibration reduction in a certain frequency band. The wheel-rail vibration of ballastless tracks caused by high-speed railways has a broadband characteristic. The rail vibration is distributed in the frequency band of 0-1500Hz, and the track structure vibration is mainly distributed in the frequency band of 40-80Hz. The use of conventional rubber vibration isolation pads can only control the frequency band corresponding to its stiffness, and has poor adaptability.

[0004] Active vibration reduction requires external energy input and a control system to actively intervene in vibrations, offering effective control but at the expense of high cost and structural complexity. Semi-active vibration reduction lies somewhere in between, combining the simplicity of passive vibration reduction with the effectiveness of active vibration reduction. By leveraging the controllable damping stiffness of the material itself, it modifies the system's natural frequency, increasing the frequency control range. This allows for real-time adjustments to the system with limited external energy input, achieving vibration reduction. Semi-active vibration reduction offers a simple structure, low energy consumption, and superior control accuracy, providing a new approach to track vibration and noise reduction.

[0005] Common semi-active vibration reduction devices require an external power supply or power grid, and an external controller to make judgments in order to work. These conditions limit their widespread application.

[0006] Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a new type of intelligent material. Compared to traditional magnetorheological fluid (MRF), it avoids common problems of magnetorheological fluids, such as sedimentation, poor stability, and particle wear, while retaining properties such as adjustable stiffness and damping. A notable characteristic of magnetorheological elastomers is that their elastic modulus can change with the intensity of an applied magnetic field. In other words, under the influence of a magnetic field, their stiffness and elasticity can be adjusted in real time, reversibly, and controllably. When there is no magnetic field, the elastic modulus of magnetorheological elastomers is relatively low, but they still retain the mechanical properties of ordinary rubber elastomers. Furthermore, magnetorheological elastomers are simple to prepare and inexpensive. Their application devices do not require sealing and have stable properties. This gives them broad application potential in vibration isolation, vibration reduction, flexible robotics, and intelligent structures. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and provide a ballastless track vibration reduction structure that integrates induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction, so as to solve the problem that existing track vibration and noise reduction products require an external power supply and controller and have a single operating frequency band.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction, comprising a track plate, an adjustment layer, a base plate, an elastic vibration reduction layer and a piezoelectric device layer;

[0010] The track plate and the base plate are laid longitudinally along the track line, and the track plate is located above the base plate; the adjustment layer is arranged between the track plate and the base plate; an elastic vibration damping layer is provided between the base plate and the piezoelectric device layer, and the elastic vibration damping layer is filled in the limiting structure in the base plate; a silicon steel sheet iron core structure wound with an electromagnetic coil is provided in the elastic vibration damping layer located in the limiting structure, and the piezoelectric device layer is located between the adjustment layer and the base plate, and the piezoelectric device layer is connected to the electromagnetic coil through a wire.

[0011] Furthermore, the limiting structure is a limiting groove arranged along the center line of the base plate; the limiting groove is filled with an elastic vibration damping layer, and a lower concave convex platform is formed in the limiting groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the silicon steel sheet core structure is arranged in the limiting groove, and the silicon steel sheet core structure includes an outer shell, an electromagnetic coil and an iron core; several iron cores are arranged in the outer shell along the length direction of the limiting groove, and the iron cores are welded to the base plate; the electromagnetic coil is tightly wound on the iron core.

[0013] Furthermore, wire holes are reserved on the upper surfaces of the shell and the elastic vibration-damping layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the piezoelectric device layer includes a support plate, a piezoelectric layer and a flexible protective layer; the support plate is arranged on the upper surface of the elastic vibration damping layer, the piezoelectric layer is arranged on the support plate, and the flexible protective layer is tightly attached to the piezoelectric layer.

[0015] Furthermore, a groove is provided on the support plate; the piezoelectric layer includes a piezoelectric material layer and an electrode material layer; the electrode material layer is symmetrically attached to the two side surfaces of the piezoelectric material layer; the electrode material layer located on the lower surface is arranged on the groove; the electrode material layers on both side surfaces are connected to wires; the length of the piezoelectric material layer is greater than the length of the groove.

[0016] Furthermore, one side of the piezoelectric layer is attached to two sides of the notch of the groove, and the other side is attached to the flexible protective layer.

[0017] Furthermore, stops are provided on both lateral sides of the adjustment layer and the elastic vibration-damping layer to limit the lateral sliding of the elastic vibration-damping layer.

[0018] Furthermore, the adjustment layer is a CA mortar or a self-compacting concrete layer.

[0019] Furthermore, the elastic vibration damping layer is made of a magnetorheological elastomer, and a protective cover is bonded to the magnetorheological elastomer.

[0020] The ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction provided by the present invention has the following features:

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This invention incorporates piezoelectric materials and magnetorheological elastomers into vibration-damping tracks, integrating induction power generation with frequency modulation vibration reduction. When a vehicle is traveling on the track, the pressure applied to the piezoelectric device varies, resulting in a corresponding change in the output current. This in turn changes the magnetic field of the electromagnet, altering the magnetic flux passing through the magnetorheological elastomer, and consequently, the damping and stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer's vibration-damping layer. This allows the damping layer's stiffness and damping to adaptively adjust as vehicle load pressure changes. Furthermore, the magnetorheological elastomer material inherently shares the mechanical properties of ordinary rubber elastomers, maintaining a certain degree of vibration reduction effectiveness even when pressure is insufficient to generate current output from the piezoelectric device.

[0023] 2. When current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is generated around it. When an iron core is inserted into the coil, it is magnetized by the magnetic field of the coil, transforming the core into a magnet. The superposition of these two magnetic fields significantly enhances magnetism. Using silicon steel as the core allows the electromagnet to remain magnetic when current is applied and demagnetize immediately after power is removed.

[0024] 3. This invention integrates induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction, eliminating the need for a complex external power supply and controller. It generates variable currents based on load, thereby varying the electromagnetic field strength, significantly increasing the magnetic flux through the MR elastomer and correspondingly altering its damping and stiffness. This organically combines the controllable vibration reduction of the MR elastomer with the pressure-generated power of the piezoelectric material, enabling direct response without the need for an external controller, and ensuring a certain degree of vibration reduction even after a power outage.

[0025] 4. The present invention widens the vibration damping frequency band, which can better cope with broadband vibrations during driving. When using traditional ordinary rubber vibration damping pads for vibration reduction, the vibration damping frequency band varies depending on the stiffness of the rubber pad. Once the stiffness of the rubber pad is selected, the corresponding vibration damping frequency band is also fixed. It cannot adaptively adjust and cope with broadband vibrations caused by various wheel-rail impacts during driving, and the vibration reduction effect is limited to a fixed frequency band. The present invention uses magnetorheological elastomer material as the vibration damping layer, and its stiffness and damping can adaptively change with changes in excitation. The vibration damping is targeted at the resonance peak, and the vibration damping frequency band of the vibration damping layer can be greatly widened.

[0026] 5. The present invention arranges the energized coil in the middle of the magnetorheological elastomer material, which can increase the number of magnetic flux lines passing through the magnetorheological elastomer material, thereby improving the magnetorheological efficiency of the magnetorheological elastomer material and effectively responding to impact vibrations caused by different excitations.

[0027] 6. In the present invention, when the pressure is insufficient to cause the piezoelectric device to output current, the magnetorheological elastomer material still has the mechanical properties of an ordinary rubber elastomer, and the entire structure can still ensure the vibration reduction function while also achieving power-off protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 The diagram is a structural diagram of the ballastless track vibration reduction structure that integrates induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure inside the cavity of the magnetorheological elastomer vibration damping layer of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the piezoelectric device layer of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a top view of the elastic body vibration damping layer of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a working flow chart of the ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction according to the present invention.

[0033] Among them, 1. Track plate; 2. Adjustment layer; 3. Base plate; 4. Elastic vibration damping layer; 5. Silicon steel sheet core structure; 501. Shell; 502. Core; 503. Electromagnetic coil; 6. Support plate; 601. Groove; 7. Piezoelectric layer; 701. Piezoelectric material layer; 702. Electrode material layer; 8. Flexible protective layer; 9. Stop platform; 10. Protective cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concepts of the present invention are protected.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The ballastless track vibration reduction structure of this embodiment integrates induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction. This embodiment realizes the integration of induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction, eliminating the redundant external power supply and controller. It can generate different currents according to different loads, thereby changing the intensity of the electromagnetic field, greatly increasing the magnetic flux passing through the magnetorheological elastomer, and changing the damping and stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer accordingly. The controllable magnetorheological elastomer material vibration reduction and the piezoelectric material's pressure-generated electricity characteristics are organically combined. No external controller is required to make judgments, and it can respond directly, and ensure that there is still a certain vibration reduction effect after power failure. For reference Figure 1 , which specifically include:

[0037] Track plate 1, adjustment layer 2, base plate 3, elastic vibration damping layer 4, silicon steel sheet core structure 5, support plate 6, piezoelectric layer 7, flexible protective layer 8, stop 9 and protective cover 10;

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, the track plate 1 and the base plate 3 are laid longitudinally along the track line. The base plate 3 is a reinforced concrete unit structure. One base plate 3 corresponds to one track plate 1 , and the track plate 1 is located above the base plate 3 .

[0039] The adjustment layer 2 is arranged between the track plate 1 and the base plate 3 , and the adjustment layer 2 is a CA mortar or a self-compacting concrete layer.

[0040] An elastic vibration-damping layer 4 is arranged between the base plate 3 and the piezoelectric device layer, and the elastic vibration-damping layer 4 is filled in the limiting structure within the base plate 3; a silicon steel sheet core structure 5 wound with an electromagnetic coil 503 is arranged in the elastic vibration-damping layer 4 located in the limiting structure, and the piezoelectric device layer is located between the adjustment layer 2 and the base plate 3, and the piezoelectric device layer is connected to the electromagnetic coil 503 through a wire.

[0041] Limiting structure;

[0042] In order to constrain the influence of lateral train load and longitudinal horizontal braking force on the track structure, as a preferred embodiment of this invention, the limiting structure is a limiting groove arranged along the center line of the base plate 3, the limiting groove is filled with an elastic vibration damping layer 4, and a lower concave boss is formed in the limiting groove.

[0043] Silicon steel sheet core structure 5;

[0044] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 The silicon steel sheet core structure 5 is arranged in the limiting groove. As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the silicon steel sheet core structure 5 includes a shell 501, an electromagnetic coil 503 and an iron core 502; a plurality of iron cores 502 are arranged in the shell 501 along the length direction of the limiting groove, the iron core 502 is welded to the base plate 3, and the electromagnetic coil 503 is tightly wound on the iron core 502.

[0045] In this embodiment, the silicon steel core 502 is selected so that the electromagnet can be demagnetized immediately after power is turned off.

[0046] In order to achieve a conductive connection between the electromagnetic coil 503 and the piezoelectric device layer, in this embodiment, wire holes are reserved on the upper surfaces of the housing 501 and the elastic vibration-damping layer 4 .

[0047] The entire silicon steel structure wound with the electromagnetic coil 503 is separated from the magnetorheological elastomer material by a shell 501 , and the shell 501 is made of magnetic conductive material.

[0048] a piezoelectric device layer;

[0049] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, refer to Figure 3 The piezoelectric device layer includes a support plate 6, a piezoelectric layer 7 and a flexible protective layer 8; the support plate 6 is arranged on the upper surface of the elastic vibration damping layer 4, the piezoelectric layer 7 is arranged on the support plate 6, and the flexible protective layer 8 is tightly attached to the piezoelectric layer 7.

[0050] Specifically, in this embodiment, a groove 601 is provided on the support plate 6 . The structure of the groove 601 can provide the piezoelectric layer 7 with a larger deformation space, thereby achieving a larger output voltage.

[0051] The piezoelectric layer 7 includes a piezoelectric material layer 701 and an electrode material layer 702; the electrode material layer 702 is symmetrically attached to the two side surfaces of the piezoelectric material layer 701; the electrode material layer 702 located on the lower surface is arranged on the groove 601; the electrode material layers 702 on both side surfaces are connected to wires, and the length of the piezoelectric material layer 701 is greater than the length of the groove 601.

[0052] Specifically, one side of the piezoelectric layer 7 is attached to two sides of the notch of the groove 601 , and the other side is attached to the flexible protective layer 8 .

[0053] In this embodiment, stops 9 are provided on both lateral sides of the adjustment layer 2 and the elastic vibration damping layer 4 to limit the lateral sliding of the elastic vibration damping layer 4 . The stops 9 can prevent the vibration damping layer from lateral sliding.

[0054] In this embodiment, the elastic vibration damping layer 4 is preferably made of a magnetorheological elastomer, to which a protective cover 10 is bonded. The protective cover 10 is made of a non-magnetic material. Using a magnetorheological elastomer vibration damping layer allows the damping and stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer to change with changes in the magnetic field. By varying the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic coil 503 through an electric current, the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer also changes with the magnetic field strength, thereby creating a wider active vibration damping frequency band, demonstrating strong feasibility and application prospects.

[0055] During specific work:

[0056] When a train passes by, the pressure of the load is transmitted to the piezoelectric device layer. Depending on the pressure, the piezoelectric device is divided into two situations, namely, the piezoelectric device does not output current, corresponding to a low-pressure working condition; the piezoelectric device outputs current, corresponding to a high-pressure working condition.

[0057] Case 1: When the piezoelectric device does not output current;

[0058] The piezoelectric device does not output current, that is, the corresponding treatment method for low-pressure conditions is as follows: During operation, when the pressure applied to the vibration-damping track is below a threshold, the stiffness and damping of the magnetorheological elastomer material itself are sufficient to meet the vibration damping requirements of the entire structure. This mode of operation is adopted. Specifically, when the train is running, the load pressure is transmitted to the piezoelectric layer 7. However, the pressure is insufficient to cause the piezoelectric material layer 701 to deform, and no current can be output. Accordingly, the electromagnetic coil 503 is not energized, and the vibration-damping track relies on the inherent properties of the magnetorheological elastomer material to achieve vibration damping. Under this operating condition, the magnetorheological elastomer material itself has the mechanical properties of ordinary rubber elastomers. The high-frequency impact force of the wheel and rail is transmitted to the elastic vibration damping layer 4 through the track plate 1 and the CA mortar adjustment layer 2. The force transmitted to the magnetorheological elastomer is dissipated by the magnetorheological elastomer's own damping. In other words, when the pressure is low, the magnetorheological elastomer vibration damping layer itself can absorb the energy transmitted by the vibration, achieving the vibration damping effect.

[0059] In case 2, the piezoelectric device outputs current;

[0060] The output current of the piezoelectric device, that is, the corresponding processing method for the high pressure working condition is:

[0061] refer to Figure 5During operation, when the pressure on the vibration-damping track exceeds a threshold, the ballastless track wheel-rail vibration caused by the high-speed railway exhibits broadband characteristics, requiring the stiffness of the vibration-damping pad to be adjusted to widen the vibration-damping frequency band. This mode is used to address this situation. Specifically, during high-speed railway operation, the load pressure is transmitted to the piezoelectric layer 7. Because the support plate 6 is provided with a groove 601, the piezoelectric material layer 701 has a larger deformation space, thereby providing a larger output current. When current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is generated around the coil. After the iron core 502 is inserted into the energized coil, the iron core 502 is magnetized by the magnetic field of the energized coil, and the magnetized iron core 502 also becomes a magnet. The two magnetic fields are superimposed on each other, greatly enhancing the magnetism. Depending on the pressure, the piezoelectric device can control the magnitude of the output current, thereby changing the strength of the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil 503, ultimately affecting the damping and stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer material. The damping and stiffness of the vibration-damping layer are adaptively adjusted according to the pressure. At the same time, placing the electromagnetic coil 503 on the central axis of the MR elastomer's vibration damping layer allows the magnetic flux lines of the electromagnetic coil 503 to pass through the vibration damping layer to the maximum extent possible after passing through the housing 501, which is made of a magnetically conductive material, thereby varying the magnetic field strength within the MR elastomer. Under these operating conditions, the stiffness of the MR elastomer changes with changes in the magnetic field strength within the elastomer, that is, with changes in the current. This, in turn, changes the damping and stiffness of the vibration damping layer in response to pressure, resulting in a wider and more adaptable vibration damping frequency band at the MR elastomer's own damping frequency.

[0062] Although the specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Within the scope described by the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction, characterized in that: It includes a track plate, an adjustment layer, a base plate, an elastic vibration damping layer and a piezoelectric device layer; The track plate and the base plate are laid longitudinally along the track line, with the track plate located above the base plate; the adjustment layer is arranged between the track plate and the base plate; an elastic vibration-damping layer is provided between the base plate and the piezoelectric device layer, and the elastic vibration-damping layer is filled in the limiting structure in the base plate; a silicon steel sheet iron core structure wound with an electromagnetic coil is provided in the elastic vibration-damping layer located in the limiting structure, and the piezoelectric device layer is located between the adjustment layer and the base plate, and the piezoelectric device layer is connected to the electromagnetic coil via a wire; The limiting structure is a limiting groove arranged along the center line of the base plate; the limiting groove is filled with an elastic vibration damping layer, and a lower concave convex platform is formed in the limiting groove; The silicon steel sheet iron core structure is arranged in the limiting groove, and the silicon steel sheet iron core structure includes a shell, an electromagnetic coil and an iron core; a plurality of the iron cores are arranged in the shell along the length direction of the limiting groove, and the iron cores are welded to the base plate; the electromagnetic coil is tightly wound on the iron core; The piezoelectric device layer includes a support plate, a piezoelectric layer and a flexible protective layer; the support plate is arranged on the upper surface of the elastic vibration damping layer, the piezoelectric layer is arranged on the support plate, and the flexible protective layer is tightly attached to the piezoelectric layer; The elastic vibration damping layer is made of a magnetorheological elastomer, and a protective cover is bonded to the magnetorheological elastomer.

2. The ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Wire holes are reserved on the upper surfaces of the shell and the elastic vibration-damping layer.

3. The ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A groove is provided on the support plate; the piezoelectric layer includes a piezoelectric material layer and an electrode material layer; the electrode material layer is symmetrically attached to the two side surfaces of the piezoelectric material layer; the electrode material layer located on the lower surface is arranged on the groove; the electrode material layers on both side surfaces are connected to wires; the length of the piezoelectric material layer is greater than the length of the groove.

4. The ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: One side of the piezoelectric layer is attached to two sides of the notch of the groove, and the other side is attached to the flexible protective layer.

5. The ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Stops for limiting the lateral sliding of the elastic vibration-damping layer are provided on both lateral sides of the adjustment layer and the elastic vibration-damping layer.

6. The ballastless track vibration reduction structure integrating induction power generation and frequency modulation vibration reduction according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The adjustment layer is a CA mortar or a self-compacting concrete layer.

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